http://www.blackburn.gov.uk/s

www.hort.purdue.edu/ext/senior/frui

ts/grape2.htm

http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ext/senior/fruits/goosebe2.htm

www.earthworksboston.org/urbanorchards/

http://www.infovisual.info/01/002_en.html

ROOT

STEM

BRANCH

SHOOT

LEAF

BUD

FLOWER

FRUIT

ROOT: Tap root, Adventitious root

• root cutting

• root cap & root hair

• spread or deep root

STEM : Node, Internode, lateral bud

• Modified stem : tendril (grape), corm (banana), stolon

(strawberry)

• Low head, high head (> 4 ft.)

BRANCH

• Primary scaffold, secondary scaffold

• Wide angle crotch , Narrow angle crotch

SHOOT

• Crown sucker, root sucker

• Water sprout (กิ่งกระโดง กิ่งน้้าค้าง)

• Banana sucker (Broad leaf, Narrow leaf)

• Pineapple sucker

hapa

crown

slip

www.earthworksboston.org/urbanorchards/

Central Leader – The main stem of

the tree, which gives rise to scaffold

branches and determines the tree's

primary framework.

Multiple Leaders – Several main

stems, arising at the same point low to

ground, which each produce scaffold

branches and determine primary

framework.

www.earthworksboston.org/urbanorchards/

Trunk – The aged main stem,

growing from ground, graft union, or

major low crotch (in the case of

multiple leaders).

Graft Union (trunk) – The point at

which a scion of the desired variety is

joined to rootstock, indicated by bulge

low on trunk.

www.earthworksboston.org/urbanorchards/

Roots – The feeder/anchoring

system, extending from the base

of the trunk into the ground.

Scaffold Branch – A main

branch off of the trunk, scaffold

branches and trunk comprise

the primary framework of the

tree.

Lateral Branch – A side

branch growing off of a scaffold

branch.

Twig – A side shoot ¼”

diameter or less.

http://www.caribbean

edu.com/kewl/science/science04d.asp

Main trunk – The permanent vertical stem, which grows from

ground/root system and supports the foliar/fruiting portion.

Cordon – An arm or main branch off of the main trunk. There are

usually four (two tiers of two cordons each).

Cane – A woody shoot off of a cordon.

Sucker – A shoot arising from an underground bud or main trunk,

which can be cultivated as new main trunk.www.earthworksboston.org/urbanorchards/

Primocane – A vegetative cane produced in the current season.

The top and middle buds will produce fruit the following summer, the

2-3 buds below ground will yield new primocanes in spring (on ever-

bearing varieties, the primocanes produce fruit on the top 10-12

buds in fall). www.earthworksboston.org/urbanorchards/

www.earthworksboston.org/urbanorchards/

Florocane (seasonal & ever-bearing) – A cane produced last

season, which fruit during the current season and then die.

Shoot – Shoots that arise from the crown of the mother plant

become primocanes; those that arise from an underground stolon

become new plants.

http://apbiosemonefinalreview.pbworks.com/

http://apbiosemonefinalreview.pbworks.com/

www.earthworksboston.org/urbanorchards/

http://gardening.about.com/od/treefruits/ig/How-to-Prune-an-Apple-Tree/index.htm

http://www.dkimages.co

m/discover/Home/Gard

ening/Gardening-

Basics/Pruning/Tree-

Fruits/Tree-Fruits-60.html

Examples of different fruiting

habits:

Apple, Pear - fruiting spurs on

'old' wood (2 or more years old),

occasionally tip bearing.

Apricot, cherry, plum - buds

and fruiting spurs on first-year

wood.

Peach - triple buds on first-year

wood.

http://www.caribbeanedu.com/kewl/science/science04d.asp

Sepal (Calyx) : กลีบเลีย้ง

มักหลุดร่วง (ยกเว้น มังคุด พลับ มะเขือ)

Petal (Corolla) : กลีบดอก ; apetalous (litchi)

Tepal (Sepal+Petal)(Perianth) :

Stamens (androecium):• Filament, Anther

• Staminate (Male) Flower

Carpel, Pistil (gynoecium):• Stigma, Style, Ovary

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Flower_of_mango.JPG

http://www.pharm.chula.ac.th/vichien/morpho45/fwstyle.htm

Hermaphroditic flower :

http://www.specialtycrops.colostate.edu/scp_exp_demo/papayas.htm

Hermaphroditic flower

http://commons.wikimedia.or

g/wiki/Image:Flower_of_mango.JPG

Grape (Vitis sp), Mango (Mangifera indica), litchi (Litchi

chinensis), longan (Dimocarpus longan), papaya

(Carica papaya), Annonaceae, avocado (Persea

americana ), starfruit (Averrhoa carambola), guava

(Psidium guajava), pear (Pyrus spp.), persimmon (Diospyros kaki), Prunus spp.

Ovary Position

http://www.botany.wisc.edu/courses/botany_401/Lab/Lab4flowers.html

citrus, grape,

mango, durian

(Durio spp.),

passionfruit

(Passiflora edulis),

kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)

Strawberry (Fragaria

spp.), Prunus spp.

(peach, apricot, plum, cherry)

cucurbit, guava, banana,

Eugenia spp.(malay apple, rose

apple, java apple) ,

pomegranate (Punica

granatum), pineapple (Ananas

comosus), pear, apple (Malus sylvestris)

Placentation

cucurbit,

papaya, passionfruit

citrus,

durian, guava

mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), eggplantcucurbit,

papaya, passionfruit

rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum)

http://www.botany.wisc.edu/courses/botany_401/Lab/Lab4flowers.html

ovary: carpel, locule

http://www.botany.wisc.edu/courses/botany_401/Lab/Lab4flowers.html

Complete flower

Incomplete flower• Asepalous flower; Apetalous flower

Perfect flower• Bisexual or hermaphroditic flower

Imperfect flower• Unisexual flower: staminate flower, pistillate flower

Imperfect flower

o Monoecious plant (staminate flower & pistillate flower in same

plant) : coconut (Cocos nucifera), jackfruit (Artocarpus

heterophyllus), breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), fig (Ficus carica),

cucurbit

o Dioecious plant (only staminate flower or pistillate flower)

o Polygamo-monoecious plant (staminate flower, pistillate

flower & hermaphroditic flower in the same plant): litchi (Litchi

chinensis), longan (Dimocarpus longan), banana (Musa spp.),

rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum)

o Polygamo-dioecious plant (staminate flower &

hermaphroditic flower or pistillate flower & hermaphroditic flower in

the same plant) : mango (Mangifera indica), papaya (Carica

papaya)

ผลสด (FLESHY FRUITS) ผลแห้ง (DRY FRUITS)

• ผลมีเนื้อหลายเมล็ด (berry)

• ผลแบบแตง (pepo)

• ผลแบบส้ม (hesperidium)

• ผลเมลด็เดียวแข็ง (drupe)

• ผลแบบแอปเปิล (pome or

intermediate fruit)

• ผลแห้งเมล็ดล่อน (achene)

• ผลเปลอืกแข็งเมลด็เดียว (nut or glans)

• ผลปีกเดียว (samara or key)

• ผลธัญพืช (grain or caryopsis)

• ผลแยกแล้วแตก (schizocarp)

• ผลแตกแนวเดียว (follicle)

• ผลแห้งแตก (capsule)

• ผลแตกแบบผักกาด (silique)

• ฝักแบบถั่ว (pod or legume)

• ฝักหักข้อ (loment or lomentum)

Simple Fruit : Solitary flower, Simple Pistil

Pepo (Cucurbit)Hesperidium (Citrus)

Aggregate Fruit : Simple Flower, Multiple Pistil

Small FruitRaspberry, Blackberry,

Mulberry, Strawberry,

Blueberry, etc.

Multiple Fruit : Inflorescence

Syconium

http://www.nccpg.com http://www.kertpont.hu/uj/kertpont.php?menu=cikk&CId=446

Fig (Ficus carica)

Aril : Out growth of seed• Nephelium lappaceum, Dimocarpus longan, Litchi chinensis, Durio zibethinus