sensors - engineering center€¦ · sensors •a sensor is a hardware device which detects or...
TRANSCRIPT
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Sensors
Design and Characteristics
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Sensors
• A sensor is a hardware device which detects or measures a
physical property and records, indicates, or otherwise
responds to it.
• Sensors can provide analogue or digital feedback into an
electrical circuit.
• Thermal sensors are usually employed to shut down
electrical equipment when a specific temperature is
exceeded.
• Main switching sensors are usually required to carry an
approval certificate.
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor
Detection of Pyroelectric
Sensor is required :
Temperature (Difference from circumstance)
Size (Larger is better)
Speed (Quick motion is desirable)
Human Detection
Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor using the Pyroelectric effect of ceramic can detect even
slight infrared energy from a human body.
KEMET developed the sensor with high sensitivity as well as capability for lead-free
reflow soldering by making the most of its ceramic material technology and
manufacturing process expertise developed over many years. Moreover, the unique
structure brings the capability of human detection through resin or glass.
Heat Source’s
Output signal from sensor
Vout
waveform Detection(High)
Non-detection(Low)
Sensor
Sensor detects as heat source if there is more than 4℃temperature difference from ambient temperature (Not only
human body, face, hands but also spot light, sunshine if
there is temperature difference).
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Operation of Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
赤 外 線
+
+ + + +-
- - - -
- - -
+ + +
焦電材料
+
+ +-
- -
-
+
赤 外 線
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
- -
+ + +
+ + + +-
- - - -
- - -
+ + +
Sensing Method: Pyroelectric Effect
① No infrared ② Infrared comes in ③ Infrared stable ④ Infrared cut off ① No infrared
① ② ③ ④ ①
Time
Se
ns
or
ou
tpu
t vo
lta
ge
Pyroelectric
Sensor
Pyroelectric Element
JFET
2~15V
R
Infrared Infrared
Pyroelectric
Material
G
D
S
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Human Detection by Pyroelectric Effect
X RayUltraviolet
RayVisible Ray Infrared Ray Microwave
Radio
Wave
Near-InfraredMid-
wavelength
InfraredFar Infrared
Wavelength of Electromagnetic Wave400nm Approx.. 780nm 1mm 1m10nm
780nm2.5μm
1mm4μm
Remote Control (940nm~950nm)
Infrared Communication (850nm~900nm)Area of Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor Detection
Use Human Detection Filter
[K][℃]
500
420
408
373
309
1476.90
2275.79
1357.10
100 7.77
369.38
赤外線波長に相当する温度赤外線波長
[um] [K][℃]
500
420
408
373
309
1476.90
2275.79
1357.10
100 7.77
369.38
赤外線波長に相当する温度赤外線波長
[um]
Major Applications
光学フィルタを変えることで
人感センサ以外の用途展開
も可能
Human Presence Sensor (Example) Flame・Gas Sensor
Detect Infrared from Human
(8~12μm)
CO2、CO、HC、Nox Detection
(4.3μm)
Use Bandpass Filter
Can use other sensor
by changing optical filter
Infrared Wave
LengthTemp. relates Infrared Wave Length
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Features of KEMET Pyro Sensor
Design Flexible
Sensor (Less Design
Noise: Inconspicuous
Sensor)
Has high permeability
of infrared (No need
condenser, condense
rays).PCB
Polyethylene or Slit
Chassis Surface
Sensor
1~2m
Detecting a few m distance
Short Distance
Can detect a few m distance using
Polyethylene has high permeability
of infrared
Competitor:Need Lens as Condenser
(Condense rays of light)
~5m
Sensor PCB
Lens (Flat Type)
Chassis Surface
Middle Distance
Detecting up to 5m distance
Can detect 5m distance with
Lens (Compact flat lens design)
10~20cm
Chassis Surface
(Resin, Glass)
Sensor
10~20cm distance
Can hide sensing window
Proximity Distance
Can detect short distance through
thin resin plate or grass plate.
(Can be used as non-contact sensor)
Sensor
P/N: SS-430L-NP/N: PL-N823-01/SS-430 P/N: SS-431
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Features of KEMET Pyro Sensor
Proposal for Product Design (Less Design Noise)
Propose of
lens-less
pyroelectric
sensor
Conventional:
Obvious sensor (Lens)!
KEMET Sensor:
Inconspicuous appearance
Example: 2m detection distanceExample: No lens use. 2m detection distance is
made using high density polyethylene
plate or apply original flat lens.
Apply high density polyethylene plate or
original flat lens.
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Features of KEMET Pyro Sensor
No Dead Zone of Detection
There is dead zone of detection in proximity direction.
Can detect horizontal direction but
response speed is not good(Influence
on denial of output signal)
+ -
1. No dead zone of detection
2. Wide view angle(±60°)3. Compact ・ Low profile(Design flexibility)4. High response speed
① No dead zone in
proximity direction
② Wide view angle
+ +- -
1. Opening between projection area
2. Boundary of projection polarization of +/-.
① ②
③ Low profile・Compact lens
(Low lens structure)
Dead zone of detection exists
④ High response speed
(No denial of output signal)
+ +
KEMET Sensor with Lens Conventional Sensor
Features Problem
++
High lens structure (Thick)
P/N: SS-430L-N
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Features of KEMET Pyro Sensor
Excellent radio wave performance in high frequency band (Wi-Fi / 5GHz)
Wi-Fi : Off Wi-Fi : On (Web browse)
PL-N
82
3-0
1C
on
ve
ntio
na
l M
od
el
Digital output
Analog outputUnconnected
Connected
Signal was disturbed
(Malfunction)
Signal was stable
(Normal function)
Digital output
Analog outputUnconnected
Connected
Test Results:Wi-Fi connection between iPad and iPhone
50㎜ 50㎜
Web browse via Wi-Fi connected iPad
• Wi-Fi Band: 5GHz Frequency Band
(IEEE802.111)
• Sensor distance from frequency band: 50cm
• Circuit amplifier factor: x1000(1Hz), 1 level
Test Conditions:
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Features of KEMET Pyro Sensor
Glass / Resin Penetration Example
Measuring condition:• Transfer velocity:1m/s
• Heat source size:170×70㎜(Relative to hand)• Temperature difference:Δ10℃• Each material thickness:1mm(Clear color)
P/N: SS-431
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 100 200 300 400
Ou
tpu
t vo
ltag
e (
V0
-p)
Detecting distance (mm)
ガラス
ポリカーボネート
ABS
アクリル
ポリアミド
閾値
Comparator
turns on
(Can detect)Detectable
Not detectable
Glass
Polycarbonate
ABS
Acrylic
Polyamide
Threshold
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Recommended Circuit
Design condition:
➢ Heat source:Human body
➢ Detecting distance:1.0~1.5m➢ Temperature difference between
heat source and background:⊿T10℃
Circuit diagram
Circuit block diagram
Pyroelectric
Infrared
Sensor
Noninverting
Amplifier
(Include BPF)
Inverting
Amplifier
(Include BPF)
Window
Comparator
(Digital Output)
Specification:
➢ Source voltage:DC2.5~5.5V
➢ Output signal:Analog or Digital
➢ Power consumption:Stan-by: 6uA
Operation:20uA
*Operational amplifier should be CMOS type
Pin assignment:
➢ Vin:DC2.5~5.5V
➢ D_Out:Digital output
➢ A_Out:Analog output
➢ GND:GROUND
PL-N823-01
Need to prepare this area of circuit
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Signal Output Example
Circuit diagram
Pin assignment:➢ Vin:DC2.5~5.5V➢ D_Out:Digital output➢ A_Out:Analog output➢ GND:GROUND
D_Out:Digital output
GND:GROUND
A_Out:Analog output
Vin:DC2.5~5.5V
Voltage output example
Analog output
Digital output
Strand-by 5V (In case of Vin=5V)
Detection 0V output
Threshold
Threshold
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Pyroelectric Sensor Current Application
IC Key Door
Intercom
Business
Phone Projector
Study Robot Rice Cooker
Air Conditioner
Toilet
Custom Design Product
All Domestic Company: Smart Function
Security Power Save
Power Save
Convenience ConvenienceTrigger for Speaking
Human Detection
Convenience / Smart
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Thermal Sensors
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
What are Thermal Sensors?
Thermal Sensor
Contact Type
Electric Type
RTD
Thermocouple
Thermistor
NTC
PTC
IC Thermal Sensor
Mechanical Type Thermo-Ferrite
Thermal Expansion
Non-Contact Type
Thermal
Quantum
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Thermal Sensor
TRS Series (Thermal Reed Switch) OHD Series (Thermal Guard)
Product Type Metal Case, Lead Wired Molded Type
Operating Temp. Tolerance ±2.5℃ ±5℃
Rated Power Maximum 72 Watt 6 Watt (1 Watt Only 5R Type)
Application Temperature Control,
High Precision Overheat MonitoringOverheat Monitoring
Example
Rice Cooker, Electric Jug, Yogurt Maker,
Aquarium Heater,
Telecommunication Equipment,
Industrial, Temp. Control of Heaters
Semiconductor Equipment, Tooling Machines,
Inverters, Servo Amplifier, Power Amplifier,
Water Freeze Proofing
Safety Standard UL, CSA Acquisition (Part of Products) UL, CSA, TUV Acquisition
Use original temperature-sensing magnetic material,
Thermorite®, combine with magnet and reed switch.
• Wide operating temperature range
• High reliability (long product life time)
• Excellent environmental resistance (dust, explosion, corrosion)
• No circuit design (stand-alone operation)
Outline
Features
Product Series
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Features of TRS (Thermal Reed Switch)
* UL Approved product100V Rating 200V Rating
TRS5-○○BLRU TRS5-○○BLRVU
Maximum opening / closing voltage (V) 140AC 264AC
Maximum opening / closing current (A) 0.5AC 0.275AC
Maximum opening / closing power (W) 50AC 60.5AC
●TRS5-○○BLRU / TRS5-○○BLRVU
* Note: ○○ has digit of temperature.
• Features:
– High reliability (long product lifetime)
– Simple circuit design
– Sensing temperature range: -10℃ to 130℃
– Excellent temperature accuracy: ±2.5℃
– Excellent environmental resistance
– Safety standard approvals (UL, CSA and VDE)
• Dimensions
• Applications:
– Temperature detection and overheat monitoring of
electric appliances
– Cookers (heat-retention heater control)
– Air conditioners and vending machines (defrost)
– Copying machines (roll heater temperature control)
– Automotive electric fan control (radiator water
temperature detection)
• Specification:
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Features of OHD (Thermal Guard)
Product Approved FeaturesContact
ShapeElectrical Characteristics
Set Operating
Temperature
Range
Operating
Temperature
Precision
Differential
Temperature
OHD1- UL
CSA
TUV
General-
purpose
B:Break
M:Make
Maximum opening / closing voltage: 110V AC/DC
Maximum opening / closing current: 0.3A AC/DC
Maximum opening / closing power: 6W AC/DC
Minimum opening / closing current: 0.1mA/1V,DC Fixed in 5℃increments from
30℃ to 120℃±5℃ 10℃max.
OHD3-
OHD5R-
UL
CSA
TUV
Compact
radial typeB:Break
Maximum opening / closing voltage: 110V AC/DC
Maximum opening / closing current: 0.1A AC/DC
Maximum opening / closing power: 1W AC/DC
Minimum opening / closing current: 0.1mA/1V,DC
●OHD1-
●OHD3-
●OHD5R-
• Applications:– Monitoring overheating of
power transistor, power
module in power supplies,
Office Automation equipment
and other electronic
appliances.
– Atmospheric temperature
detection in room heater, hot
water heaters, amplifiers and
other general equipment.
• Dimensions• Features:
– Extremely simple circuit design
– Low (0.1mW) signal to high (6W) power level
– Sensing temperature range: 30℃ to 120℃
– Excellent temperature accuracy: ±5℃
– High-speed response
– Dust-proof, explosion-proof and corrosion-proof
– Safety standard approvals: UL, CSA and TUV
• Specification:
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Operation of Thermal SensorTemperature Sensing Ferrite (Thermorite®)
• Themorite® is temperature sensing MnZn ferrite material which rapidly loses it’s permeability when it’s temperature rises above
the Curie temperature. At that temperature, the material rapidly transitions from magnetic to paramagnetic (non-magnetic).
• Features of Thermorite® as a temperature sensing material:
– Curie temperature does not vary over time and is determined by the formulation.
– Arbitrary shapes are available since it is a ceramics.
– Stable against moist or hazardous gas.
Magnetic Permeability vs. Temperature Saturation Magnetic Flux Density vs. Temperature
Temperature Characteristic of Thermorite®
TC = Curie TemperatureRapid magnetic loss at the
Curie temperature
Pe
rme
abili
ty
Sa
tura
tio
n M
agn
etic F
lux D
en
sity
Temperature(℃) Temperature(℃)
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Structure of Reed Switch
• Reed switch is contact switch comprised of a pair of Fe-Ni alloy reeds encased in glass tube with
inactive gas. The reeds are switched on or off by magnetic field of permanent magnet or magnet coil.
• Long lifetime, high environmental resistance because of protected contact by glass encasing.
• Reeds in glass tube become magnetized with magnetic field, and then two reeds contact and
connect each other (switch on). And then magnetic field disappears, the reeds separate and
disconnect (switch off).
封止部
不活性ガス 接点部
ガラス管
Fe-Ni合金Inactive Gas
Encasing
Contact
Glass Tube
Fe-Ni Alloy Reed
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Operation of Thermal SwitchTRS Break (B) Type
Switch On
S N
S N
Thermorite® is a magnetic material
Magnet field of contacts
N S N S
N SN S
Switch Off
N S N S
N SN S
N
S
N
S
S N N
S
N S
N S
High TemperatureLow Temperature
Reset Temperature Action Temperature
Thermorite® is a non-magnetic material
■: Permanent Magnet ■: Thermorite® ■: Reed Switch Contact Area
Magnet field of contacts
Magnet field forming turns reed switch on Magnet field is zero turns reed switch on
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Operation of Thermal SwitchDefinition of Break Type
Break Type (Constant Close):
OFF Temp. > ON Temp.
Temp.
TimeON
Temp.
OFF Temp.
ON Temp.
「ブレーク型」の定義
Action Temp.
Reset Temp.
OFF Temp. (temperature at switching OFF)
> ON Temp. (temperature at switching ON)
➢ ON (at room temp.), OFF (at action temp.)
DIFF Temp.
Temp.
Time
OFF
ON
Heater
Action Temp.
Reset Temp.
Room Temp.
DIFF Temp.
Heater
Time
OFF
ON
Action Temp.
Reset Temp.Room Temp.
「ブレーク型」センサ温度制御例
①室温<動作温度① Room Temp. < Action Temp.
②室温>動作温度② Room Temp. > Action Temp.
Temp.
➢ OFF (at room temp.), ON (at action temp.)
ApplicationThermal Control(keep-warm)
Thermal Device Heater
Function Overheat Protection (By Heater OFF)
Reset Temp. ON (Close) Action Temp. OFF (Open)
SW SW
ApplicationWater Pipe Protection Heater
Thermal Device Heater
Function Freeze UP Protection (By Heater ON)
Action Temp. OFF (Open) Reset Temp. ON (Close)
SW SW
Break type sensor
Break type sensor thermal control
OFF
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Operation of Thermal SwitchDefinition of Make Type
「メーク型」の定義
Temp.
OFF Time
Temp.
ON Temp.
OFF Temp.
ON
Action Temp.
Reset Temp.
Action Temp.
Reset Temp.
DIFF Temp.
Cooler
Temp.Time
OFF
ON
Room Temp.DIFFTemp.
Reset Temp.
Action Temp.
Cooler
Time
OFF
ON
Temp.
Room Temp.
「メーク型」センサ温度制御例
Make Type (Constant Open):
ON Temp. > OFF Temp.
ON Temp. (temperature at switching ON)
> OFF Temp. (temperature at switching OFF)
➢ ON (at room temp.), OFF (at action temp.)
① Room Temp. > Action Temp.
② Room Temp. < Action Temp.
➢ OFF (at room temp.), ON (at action temp.)
Application Refrigerator Thermal Device Cooler
Function Freeze UP Protection (By Cooler OFF)
Action Temp. ON (Close) Reset Temp. OFF (Open)
SW SW
Application Power Supply Thermal Device Cool Fan
Function Overheat Protection (By Fan ON)
Reset Temp. OFF (Open) Action Temp. ON (Close)
SW SW
Make type sensor
Make type sensor thermal control
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
TRS ApplicationKeep Rice Cooker Warm
低温時Low Temp.
TRS
Heater ON
Temp: Low
高温時High Temp.
TRS
Heater OFF
Temp: High
ON Temp. OFF Temp.
Internal Temperature
Low
TRS :OFF
Heater: OFFHeater: ON
TRS :ON
Rice cooker body temperature increase
保温コントロールメカニズムMechanism
Sensor: TRS (Break Type)
Thermal Device: Heater
Rice cooker body temperature fall
Internal Temperature
High
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
TRS ApplicationKeep Rice Cooker Warm
Heater
UP TO
100VAC-50~70W
H
100V AC
TRS
Open
Close
Open
Close
Open
Thermal Reed Switch States
Heater Temperature
Heater Low
Heater High
Heater
ON
Heater
OFFHeater
ON
Heater
OFF
Reset
Operating
Temperature
Heater High
Circuit Example
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Thermal Sensor Application
Power Supply
(FA Supply)
Water Antifreeze
(Heater Control)
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT Module
(Overheat Monitor)
Industrial Equipment
Motor (Overheat Monitor)
Rice Cooker
WhitegoodsWater Tank
(Temperature Control)
Overheat Sensing of Radiator
Thermometer
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Thermal Sensor Application
Crock Pot Temperature Control
TRS
Heater ON/OFF
ON Temp. OFF Temp.
Heater:OFFHeater:ON
TRS:OFF
TRS:OFF
Sensor: TRS Break Type
Control: Heater
Water Tank Temp. Control
Sensor: TRS Break TypeControl: Heater
H
100V AC
Heater
* Control by
Simple Circuit
TRS
Circuit Example
Power Supply: Overheat Monitoring
Sensor: OHD Break Type
Control: Power Supply
Heatsink
・Overheat monitering-1
・Overheat Monitoring-2(2 Steps Monitoring)
Heatsink
OHD5R-100B(Board Mount+Screw Fix)OHD3-40M:AlarmOHD3-60M:Shut Down
Sensor: M-TR Break Type
Control: Heater
Thermal Sensor
(Do not contact with heater)
Water Antifreeze: Heater Control
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Vibration Sensor
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Vibration Sensor
Outline
Features
Product and Performance
KEMET’s Piezo Vibration Sensor can Provide High Sensitivity (20 Times as much as
Conventional Sensor) and Broadband Operation (10Hz ~ 15kHz). The Sensor Convert from
Vibration to Electrical Signal Efficiently by Utilizing KEMET Optimized Ceramic Material and
Original Vibration Amplifying Design.
• High Sensitive, Broadband
• Fixed Voltage Operation with Built-in Amplifier
• Water-Proof / Dust-Proof / Oil-Resistant (VS-JV Series)
VS-BV Series
VS-JV Series
NEW
[Hz]DC 100 1000 10000
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001
Area of accelaration detection
10
当社従来製品
FrequencyDC 100 1000 10000
Accele
ration D
ete
ction (
G)
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.0001
Example
Cha
ssis
vib
ratio
n
Harm
onic
vib
ratio
n
10
(Faint vibration)
Vibration sensor for scientific
measurement
MEMS/G Sensor
KEMET Vibration Sensor
Conventional
Vibration
Sensor
Shock
Roller coaster
Motor
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Operation of Vibration Sensor
Sound
Time
Vo
lta
ge
Frequency
Mechanical energy
Time
Acce
lera
tio
nPiezoelectric Effect of Ceramic
?
Acce
lera
tio
n
Invisible Energy
Vibration
Piezoelectric ceramic
Electrical energy
Energy conversion
Visible
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Features of Vibration SensorWide Acceleration Detection Zone
DC 10 100 1000 10000 Frequency (Hz)
Acceleration(m/s2)
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.003
0.001
Low-Level
Vibration
MEMS Sensors
MotorBearing
Housing
Vibration
Mis-alignment
High-Frequency
Vibration
HDD
KEMET Vibration Sensors
Wide Frequency: 10Hz to 15kHz, High Sensitivity: 0.001 to 100m/s2
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Features of Vibration SensorHigh Sensitivity
KEMET
Others
Structures Sensor
Vibration Occurs
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Features of Vibration SensorHigh Sensitivity: Performance Comparison
Frequency :200Hz
比較のセンサではノイズに埋もれてしまい、測定できない
Test Condition
他社汎用測定器用センサ
Waveform applied to modal exciter : Sine wave
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Acceleration by modal exciter [m/s2]
Ou
tpu
t vo
lta
ge
= S
en
sitiv
ity [
Vrm
s]
KEMET
Competitor
Competitor: Accelerometer for measurement
Acceleration noise density : 0.003m/s2/√Hz
Noise cannot be detected by competitors
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Features of Vibration SensorBuilt-In Amplifier / Fixed Voltage Operation
Circuit Structure
Vin (3.3V)
Vout
GND
Sensor
Piezoelectric
Actuator
Amplifier
KEMET: 3 to 5V Operation
Others:
PLC
Micro-Computer
Direct Connection
Amplifier is requiredPLC
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Target Market of Vibration SensorIoT: Condition Monitoring / Predictive Maintenance Solution
Production
Equipment
Market
Infrastructure
Machine Tool
Vibration Sensor
Vibration
Measuring
InstrumentPLC
Vibration Data
Network
Sound
Monitoring the health of production facilities on the network
Vibration Data Collection / Analysis
---
88---ーー
---ーー
AI
Machine Learning
Microcomputer
Module
MeasurementIndustrial IoT
Data AnalysisThreshold
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Target Market of Vibration Sensor
Factory
AutomationMotor
Train
Various
Manufacturing
Gear
Bearing
Robot
Infrastructure
Water Pipe
Wind Power
Generation
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Applications of Vibration Sensor
Effect = Customers Benefits
• Improve productivity
• Reduction in the number of defects
• Extended tool life
Detection of machining state by
Vibration sensor
Optimum processing condition
Customers• Machine tool manufacturer
‒ DMG Mori, Okuma,etc.
• Machine tool users‒ Automobile, aircraft, etc.
• Variation in machining
accuracy increases.
• Life of the tool turns worse
Feedback
Abnormal
Vibration
Detection
© 2019 KEMET Corporation
Thank You!