september 11, 2012
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September 11, 2012 Standard: SAP1d-Relate cellular metabolism and transport to homeostasis and cellular reproduction. Warm-Up: Complete ARG 5.1 located on your desk. Read the paragraphs and answer the questions. Write the answers only in your composition notebooks. MEMBRANE TRANSPORT. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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September 11, 2012
Standard: SAP1d-Relate cellular metabolism and transport to homeostasis and cellular reproduction.Warm-Up:Complete ARG 5.1 located on your desk. Read the paragraphs and answer the questions. Write the answers only in your composition notebooks.
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Cell Physiology:Membrane Transport
Membrane Transport• Intracellular fluid – inside the cell
• Interstitial fluid – outside the cell; contains nutrition for the cell (amino acids, sugar, fatty acids, vitamins)
• A healthy cell must be able to extract what it needs from the interstitial fluid.
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Passive Transport Mechanisms(require no energy)
A. Diffusion- solutes1. Molecules move from
concentrations
2. Substances move down their concentration gradient
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3. Solutes -must be lipid-soluble or small.
4. O and CO2 move across the cell membrane through diffusion
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B. Osmosis - diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
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Hypertonic Solution• Solute + solvent =solution• Hyper (solute) =“high”
concentration of solutes in the solution
• More solutes less water (solvent)
• Water moves out and cell shrinks
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Hypotonic Solution
• Hypo (solute) =“low” concentration of solutes in the solution
• Less solutes more water (solvent)
• Water moves in and cell swells
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Isotonic Solution
• Solutes in cell = solutes outside the cell
• Water moves in and out at the same rate (no net movement)
• A healthy cell
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Facilitated Diffusion
C.• Passive movement
using a protein carrier molecule
• Glucose moves across the cell membrane this way.
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D. Filtration1. Pressure is necessary to force (blood)
substances through membrane.2. Important in the capillaries and also the
kidneys.
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Active Transport MechanismsRequire Energy (ATP)
Three conditions where active transport is necessary:
1. Molecules are too large to pass through
2. Molecules are not lipid soluble
3. Molecules are moving against the concentration gradient
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Solute Pumping (Na+/K+ Pump)
Substances move with protein carrier molecules (solute pumps) against the
gradient.
Ex. Amino acids are transported this way
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Bulk TransportExocytosis- “out of cell”
• Cell products, hormones, and wastes in vesicle fuses with cell membrane.
• Fused area ruptures, spilling contents of sac outside of cell.
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Endocytosis• Endo= “into”
• Extracellular components are engulfed, a vesicle is formed, it detaches itself from the membrane and moves into cytoplasm.
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Two types of Endocytosis:
• 1. Phagocytosis –”cellular eating” uptake of solid particles
• 2. Pinocytosis – “cellular drinking” uptake of fluids