september 16, 2011 · 2018. 9. 10. · periodic table.notebook 3 september 16, 2011 sep 209:42 pm...

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Periodic Table.notebook 1 September 16, 2011 Sep 208:53 PM The Periodic Table Is a visual presentation of the elements, in groups, according to their physical properties metals to the left, nonmetals to the right, metalloids along the staircase Sep 208:59 PM Metals On the left (except hydrogen) Conduct heat and electricity Ductile (shaped into wires) Malleable (bendable) Shiny Solid at room temperature, except Mercury React with acid (produces Hydrogen gas) Sep 209:03 PM NonMetals To the right Do not conduct heat or electricity Many are gases at room temperature The solids are easily reduced to powder Sep 209:06 PM Metalloids Have properties of both metals and nonmetals The are semiconductors ex. B, C, Si Ge, As, Sb, Te, and At Sep 209:09 PM Families of the Periodic Table (Groups) Are elements in the same column Hydrogen is not in any group Have similar chemical properties Have the same # of valence electrons Group # = # of valence electrons Valence Electrons: Are the electrons in the outer most Energy level (Energy Shell) Sep 209:13 PM Groups of the Periodic Table and valence electrons

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Page 1: September 16, 2011 · 2018. 9. 10. · Periodic Table.notebook 3 September 16, 2011 Sep 209:42 PM Lewis Diagrams for each group of the periodic table Sep 209:44 PM Ions •Atoms react

Periodic Table.notebook

1

September 16, 2011

Sep 20­8:53 PM

The Periodic Table

• Is a visual presentation of the elements, in groups, according to their physical properties

• metals to the left, non­metals to the right, metalloids along the staircase

Sep 20­8:59 PM

Metals

• On the left (except hydrogen)• Conduct heat and electricity• Ductile (shaped into wires)• Malleable (bendable)• Shiny• Solid at room temperature, except Mercury• React with acid (produces Hydrogen gas) 

Sep 20­9:03 PM

Non­Metals

• To the right• Do not conduct heat or electricity• Many are gases at room temperature• The solids are easily reduced to powder

Sep 20­9:06 PM

Metalloids

• Have properties of both metals and nonmetals• The are semi­conductors     ex.  B, C, Si Ge, As, Sb, Te, and At

Sep 20­9:09 PM

Families of the Periodic Table (Groups)

• Are elements in the same column• Hydrogen is not in any group• Have similar chemical properties• Have the same # of valence electrons• Group # = # of valence electrons

Valence Electrons: Are the electrons in the outer most Energy level (Energy Shell)

Sep 20­9:13 PM

Groups of the Periodic Table and valence electrons

Page 2: September 16, 2011 · 2018. 9. 10. · Periodic Table.notebook 3 September 16, 2011 Sep 209:42 PM Lewis Diagrams for each group of the periodic table Sep 209:44 PM Ions •Atoms react

Periodic Table.notebook

2

September 16, 2011

Sep 20­9:15 PM

Group IA ­ Alkali Metals (except hydrogen)

• Soft• React with air and water • Stored in oil• NEVER found as an element in nature• Always found as compound in nature• Get MORE reactive as you go DOWN the column

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgyApYrY

Sep 20­9:23 PM

Group IIA ­ Alkaline Earth Metals

• Highly malleable • Reactive• Burn easily ex. Magnesium (Mg)• Can be exposed to air • Never found as an element in nature• Form compounds (CaCO3 ­ calcium carbonate)• Get MORE reactive as you go DOWN the column

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v40s8_7ZcrU

Sep 20­9:27 PM

Group VIIA ­ Halogens

• Nonmetals• Form salts when combined with alkali metal

ex. NaCl • Form acids when combined with H ex. HCl• Disinfectants

ex. Chlorine cleans swimming pools • Get more reactive as you go UP the column

Sep 20­9:31 PM

Group VIIIA ­ Noble Gases (Inert Gases)

• Stable (react minimally)• CAN be found in nature as an element

Sep 20­9:34 PM

Periods of the Periodic Table

• Period ­ Horizontal Row of the table• The period # is equal to  the # of Energy Levels (Orbits   or Shells) of an atom

Sep 20­9:37 PM

Lewis Diagrams

• Is a simplified representation of the atom, in which only Valence Electrons (v.e.) are drawn• represented using dots.• The group # = # v.e. = # of dots     Exception: Helium in group VIIIA only has 2 dots

Examples:  Na Mg Al C

P O Cl Ne

Page 3: September 16, 2011 · 2018. 9. 10. · Periodic Table.notebook 3 September 16, 2011 Sep 209:42 PM Lewis Diagrams for each group of the periodic table Sep 209:44 PM Ions •Atoms react

Periodic Table.notebook

3

September 16, 2011

Sep 20­9:42 PM

Lewis Diagrams for each group of the periodic table

Sep 20­9:44 PM

Ions

• Atoms react to achieve noble configuration (a full outer electron shell)• When they do, they can give away electrons (metals) or gain electrons (non­metals)• If an atom gives away electrons, it becomes positively charged• If an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged

Sep 20­9:48 PM

Ionic Charge (Valence #)

• Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 form + ions (+1, +2, +3, +4) because they give away electrons• Groups 5, 6, 7 form ­ ions (­3, ­2, ­1) because they gain electrons (8 ­ group number = ionic charge)• Group 8 does not form ions, they do not react!

Sep 20­9:54 PM

Examples of Ions

Group 1: Na Group 5: N

Group 2: Ca Group 6: O

Group 3: Al Group 7: F

Group 4: C Group 8: NO IONS

Sep 20­9:58 PM Sep 20­9:12 PM