september 16, 2011 · 2018. 9. 10. · periodic table.notebook 3 september 16, 2011 sep 209:42 pm...
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Periodic Table.notebook
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September 16, 2011
Sep 208:53 PM
The Periodic Table
• Is a visual presentation of the elements, in groups, according to their physical properties
• metals to the left, nonmetals to the right, metalloids along the staircase
Sep 208:59 PM
Metals
• On the left (except hydrogen)• Conduct heat and electricity• Ductile (shaped into wires)• Malleable (bendable)• Shiny• Solid at room temperature, except Mercury• React with acid (produces Hydrogen gas)
Sep 209:03 PM
NonMetals
• To the right• Do not conduct heat or electricity• Many are gases at room temperature• The solids are easily reduced to powder
Sep 209:06 PM
Metalloids
• Have properties of both metals and nonmetals• The are semiconductors ex. B, C, Si Ge, As, Sb, Te, and At
Sep 209:09 PM
Families of the Periodic Table (Groups)
• Are elements in the same column• Hydrogen is not in any group• Have similar chemical properties• Have the same # of valence electrons• Group # = # of valence electrons
Valence Electrons: Are the electrons in the outer most Energy level (Energy Shell)
Sep 209:13 PM
Groups of the Periodic Table and valence electrons
Periodic Table.notebook
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September 16, 2011
Sep 209:15 PM
Group IA Alkali Metals (except hydrogen)
• Soft• React with air and water • Stored in oil• NEVER found as an element in nature• Always found as compound in nature• Get MORE reactive as you go DOWN the column
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgyApYrY
Sep 209:23 PM
Group IIA Alkaline Earth Metals
• Highly malleable • Reactive• Burn easily ex. Magnesium (Mg)• Can be exposed to air • Never found as an element in nature• Form compounds (CaCO3 calcium carbonate)• Get MORE reactive as you go DOWN the column
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v40s8_7ZcrU
Sep 209:27 PM
Group VIIA Halogens
• Nonmetals• Form salts when combined with alkali metal
ex. NaCl • Form acids when combined with H ex. HCl• Disinfectants
ex. Chlorine cleans swimming pools • Get more reactive as you go UP the column
Sep 209:31 PM
Group VIIIA Noble Gases (Inert Gases)
• Stable (react minimally)• CAN be found in nature as an element
Sep 209:34 PM
Periods of the Periodic Table
• Period Horizontal Row of the table• The period # is equal to the # of Energy Levels (Orbits or Shells) of an atom
Sep 209:37 PM
Lewis Diagrams
• Is a simplified representation of the atom, in which only Valence Electrons (v.e.) are drawn• represented using dots.• The group # = # v.e. = # of dots Exception: Helium in group VIIIA only has 2 dots
Examples: Na Mg Al C
P O Cl Ne
Periodic Table.notebook
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September 16, 2011
Sep 209:42 PM
Lewis Diagrams for each group of the periodic table
Sep 209:44 PM
Ions
• Atoms react to achieve noble configuration (a full outer electron shell)• When they do, they can give away electrons (metals) or gain electrons (nonmetals)• If an atom gives away electrons, it becomes positively charged• If an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged
Sep 209:48 PM
Ionic Charge (Valence #)
• Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 form + ions (+1, +2, +3, +4) because they give away electrons• Groups 5, 6, 7 form ions (3, 2, 1) because they gain electrons (8 group number = ionic charge)• Group 8 does not form ions, they do not react!
Sep 209:54 PM
Examples of Ions
Group 1: Na Group 5: N
Group 2: Ca Group 6: O
Group 3: Al Group 7: F
Group 4: C Group 8: NO IONS
Sep 209:58 PM Sep 209:12 PM