september 20, 2013
DESCRIPTION
Introduction to Energy. Diego Villarreal SHP – Columbia University. September 20, 2013. Course Overview. This course is intended for you to get an better understanding of the “energy system”. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: September 20, 2013](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/568162b0550346895dd33762/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
September 20, 2013
Diego VillarrealSHP – Columbia University
Introduction to Energy
![Page 2: September 20, 2013](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/568162b0550346895dd33762/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Course Overview• This course is intended for you to get an
better understanding of the “energy system”. • We will use tools for engineering and
economics to answer some fundamental questions about our energy system such as:○What is energy?○ How much do we use?○Where does it come from?○ How much does it cost?○ Are we “running out” of oil?○ Can renewables replace fossil fuels?
![Page 3: September 20, 2013](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/568162b0550346895dd33762/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Syllabus• Do you like the topics?• What other
things/topics would you like to cover?
• Computer/Phone policy.• Do you have any
questions?
![Page 4: September 20, 2013](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/568162b0550346895dd33762/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Energy is crucial for our economy
![Page 5: September 20, 2013](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/568162b0550346895dd33762/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
What do we mean by Energy?
5
• Energy – capacity to do work, to make a force act through a distance. Makes thing hot or makes things move: kilowatt hours.
• Power – energy transferred per unit time: kilowatt hours per unit time, typically day, flow of energy. Energy = powerXtime
• Capacity of power station – kilowatts [or megawatts = 1000 kW], maximum number of kilowatt hours it can produce in an hour
• (see MacKay chapter 2)• Units of energy:
• Joule (J) – kJ, MJ, GJ, etc• kWh – 1 kW * 1 hr = 1kWh = 3.6MJ• BTU (British thermal unit) = 2.931E-4 kWh• toe (ton of oil equivalent) = 11630 kWh• Quads = 1E15 BTU’s• Kcal = 1.163E-3 kWh
55
![Page 6: September 20, 2013](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/568162b0550346895dd33762/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Power• Power is the rate at which something uses/consumes energy
○ Analogy: Think of water and water taps. If you want to drink 1 L of water, turn on the water tap and create a flow until you fill your 1L glass:
• Volume = flow x time• flow = volume/time
○ Energy is like water volume, power is like water flow.• Energy = power x time
• Power is so important, that it has its own units (unlike water flow)○ Units of power:
• Watts (J/s), kW (1000J/s), MW (1E6 J/s), GW (1E9 J/s), TW (1E12 J/s).• Horsepower (hp): 1 hp = 745 W• Foot-pound (ft-lbf/min): 1 W = 44.25 ft-lbf/min
○ Remember, if we are talking about power it always needs to be “per-something” (e.g. Joules per second).
![Page 7: September 20, 2013](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/568162b0550346895dd33762/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Power vs output
7
• 1 watt = 0.00134102209 horsepower• 1 megawatt = 1,341 hp = 4 powerful cars• Wind turbine = 3 MW• Engines of a Boeing 747 have capacity of 250
megawatts• Big coal or nuclear power station is 1000
megawatts (gigawatt) up• NYC electricity consumption 140,000 GWh/yr• NYS generation capacity 40,000 MW or 40GW• US generation capacity 1000GW or 1TW
77
![Page 8: September 20, 2013](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/568162b0550346895dd33762/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
The Energy system• The energy system is complex
interconnection of all components related to the production, conversion, and use of energy.
• Key components: Primary Energy, Energy Carriers, Energy Forms, Energy Services.
• All steps are linked by different conversion and distribution technologies.
![Page 9: September 20, 2013](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/568162b0550346895dd33762/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
The Energy System
![Page 10: September 20, 2013](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/568162b0550346895dd33762/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
A first glimpse at the energy system
• Which do you think is the fuel with the largest share of Total Primary Energy Supply?○Does this change for the US?○China?
• For the world, which sector/flow do you think consumes the largest share of energy?
• What do you think is the most important fuel for electricity production?
![Page 11: September 20, 2013](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/568162b0550346895dd33762/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
The Global Energy System
![Page 12: September 20, 2013](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/568162b0550346895dd33762/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
USA
![Page 13: September 20, 2013](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/568162b0550346895dd33762/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
China
![Page 14: September 20, 2013](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/568162b0550346895dd33762/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
World Electricity Production
IEA, Key World Energy Statistics 2013
![Page 15: September 20, 2013](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/568162b0550346895dd33762/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Primary Energy Consumption Per Capita
BP Statistical Review 2013
![Page 16: September 20, 2013](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/568162b0550346895dd33762/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Is Energy Required for Development?
• What do you think is the relationship between development and energy use?
• Is the economy tightly “coupled” to energy?
![Page 17: September 20, 2013](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/568162b0550346895dd33762/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Challenges• So what’s the big deal?• Non-renewable resources• CO2 emissions• Environmental degradation. • Are there enough resources to sustain
increasing demand?
![Page 18: September 20, 2013](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062305/568162b0550346895dd33762/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18