september 24, 2015 do now: glacier »drought homework: 1) read great turtle makes the world and...
TRANSCRIPT
September 24, 2015
• Do Now: Glacier»Drought
• Homework: 1) Read Great Turtle Makes the World and answer the questions in complete sentences on separate piece of paper.
• 2) Fill out the chart for the Native American group I assign you. Use pages 36-45 in textbook to help you. Include one interesting fact about your group in the title box.
• Go over map
• Go over chart
• Take Quiz
• Land Bridge Video
• Notes
Pacific Coast Intermountain Rocky MountainInterior Plains Canadian Shield Appalachian MtnsCoastal Plains Hawaiian Islands Mississippi RiverAtlantic/Pacific O Gulf of Mexico
• Quiz – Use a pencil in case you make a mistake
• Write the name of the state, not the abbreviation
• Name 25 states
• Label the map for physical regions – you may use your homework to help you
Who were the First Americans?
500 Nations Introduction
and Creation Stories
File: The Americas
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AmericasGeography - Varies
• North America– Rocky Mtns (West)– Great Plains (Mid/Flat)– Thick Forests (East)
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AmericasGeography - varies
• Americas– Different environments shape different
cultures
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Who were the First Americans?
III) First Americans had culture.
A) Culture: Way of life
1) homes, clothing, religion, gov’t, arts, economy
B) Archaeologists study artifacts and
find clues about culture.
Who were the First Americans?
Ice Age (Not just a movie)
1/3 of earth covered under glaciers
Glacier = thick sheets of ice
As glaciers froze using up water,
land was uncovered.
Land bridge between Asia and North
America (Alaska) appeared.
Who were the First Americans?
People (hunters) crossed the land
bridge to North America hunting wooly
mammoths.
Who were the First Americans?
When ice melted, there was more water and the bridge was covered
people stayed in North America and adapted
to new land
after thousands of years, descendants
(family members) had spread to
No. and So. America
AmericasEarly People
• Came across a land bridge from Asia to North America
• Melting ice (glaciers) covered the land bridge
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Who were the People of North America?
• Remember North, South, East, West
• When looking
at map: Never Eat Soggy Waffles
People of North America
• Organized into tribes
• All adapted to their environment
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Who were the People of North America?
Arctic - Far north of North America (Alaska and Canada)
Inuit –Eskimos- Came by boat from Asia after glaciers melted
Geography: frozen seas, icy, treeless
- Adapted Culture to harsh environment
- food: fished, hunted seal, walrus, whale– used whale bones to make fish hooks and spears
Who are the People of North America?
- clothing: – seal furs and skins
-shelter: lived in igloos – house of
snow and ice, stone houses
- warmth – lamps filled with seal oil
- built kayaks – small skin boats to
spear seals, whales, walrus
native inuit cuisine.mp4
Who were the First Americans?
Inuit (Eskimo) Village
Who were the First Americans?
Building an igloo
Who were the First Americans?
Inside the igloo of the Inuit
Drawing Time
• On the opposite page write the title Arctic Native Americans – Inuit/Eskimos
• Draw ONE aspect (food, clothing, shelter) of how they adapted the environment to their culture
Who were the People of North America?
Northeast Natives – Maine to Maryland (including New York)
Eastern Woodlands (Iroquois of NY) Geography: Atlantic Ocean, forests,
hills, lakes, streamsadapted culture to environment
Who were the People of North America?
food: deer, fish, gathered nuts and berries; planted three sisters
corn, beans, squashclothing: animal skins (deer, fox)shelter: longhouses: long
wooden houses covered in bark*families lived together in house
iroquois pictures.mp4
Who were the First Americans?
• Iroquois Longhouse
Wampanoag Longhouse and Canoe
Who are the People of North America?
Iroquois governmenta) League of the Iroquois – group
of 5 Iroquois Nations who agreed not to fight one another
i) Mohawk ii) Onondaga
iii) Oneida iv) Seneca v) Cayuga
(MOOS and a C)
Who are the People of North America?
b) By joining together they ended war between each other and became united against their enemies c) At meetings they discussed problems, voted on solutions
3) Women had political powera) Chose the clan (group of families)
leaders – shaman – head leader
Women Chose the Political Leaders
Drawing Time
• On the opposite page write the title Eastern Woodlands Native Americans – New York Iroquois
• Draw ONE aspect (food, clothing, shelter) of how they adapted the environment to their culture
Who are the People of North America?
Great Plains – Between Rocky Mtns and Mississippi River – ex: North and South Dakota, Kansas Geography: Grasslands, few trees
Adapted culture from environmentFood: Buffalo meat (dried = jerky)Clothing: Buffalo
skin (leather) – fur coats, blankets
Who are the People of North America?
Slaughter of the Buffalo from 30,000,000
(30 million) to 1,091
Who are the People of North America?
Geography of the Great Plains – few trees
Who are the People of North America?
Sioux (Lakota) Plains Indians Tepees
Who are the People of North America?
Shelter: Buffalo• tepees cone- shaped tents made
from buffalo skins – easy to move while traveling buffalo chips -burn for keeping warm
Nomadic – moved from place to place following buffalo
a) rode horses to travel far
Tribe Names: Lakota (Sioux); Blackfoot
Who were the First Americans?
• Plains Indians
Tepees
Drawing Time
• On the opposite page write the title
Great Plains Native Americans – Sioux
• Draw ONE aspect (food, clothing, shelter) of how they adapted the environment to their culture
Who are People ofNorth America?
Southwest – Arizona, New MexicoGeography: Dry, desert region, hot, little rain or farmland
Adapted culture from environmentFood: Irrigation (water) ditches from
rivers for farming: three sisters three sisters: corn, beans, squash
Clothing: weaved cotton
Who were the Southwest Native Americans?
Southwest Native American (Navajo, Hopi) Geography
Who are People ofNorth America?
Shelter: Pueblo homes made from
adobe: sun-dried clay bricks
hogan: round building from
wood/earth
cliff dwellers: carved homes in cliffs
d) Tribes: Anasazi, Hopi, Navajo
native anasazi southwest.mp4
Who were the First Americans?
• Anasazi
Cliff Dwellers
Drawing Time
• On the opposite page write the title Southwest Native Americans – Anasazi
• Draw ONE aspect (food, clothing, shelter) of how they adapted the environment to their culture
Who are the People of North America?
Southeast – Southern US and along Atlantic Ocean – Alabama, FloridaGeography: Fertile (good for farming) soil, forests, plentiful rain
Adapted culture from environmentFood: farming corn, hunting deer, fishingClothing: Hides (skins) from
animals – deer, fox
Who are the People ofNorth America?Shelter: used young trees to
build homes called wigwams
Tribe Names: Cherokee
Who are the People of North America?
• Southeastern Native Americans (Cherokee) Geography
Who were the First Americans?
• Southeast Native American Wigwam
Drawing Time
• On the opposite page write the title Southeast Native Americans – Cherokee
• Draw ONE aspect (food, clothing, shelter) of how they adapted the environment to their culture
Who are the People of North America?
Northwest Coast – Western Canada, Washington State and Oregon
Geography: Along Pacific Ocean, tall forestsadapted culture from environment
had plenty of food – fish - salmon, deer, moose clothing – deer skins, bear furs
Who are the People of North America?
shelter – wooden plank houses
potlatch – ceremonial dinner
to share wealth – totem poles
of bear, ravens, beaver, whale
Tribe Name: Nez Perce
potlach1.mp4
potlach2.mp4
Who were the First Americans?
• Northwest Native American
Plank house
Drawing Time
• On the opposite page write the title Northwest Native Americans – Nez Perce
• Draw ONE aspect (food, clothing, shelter) of how they adapted the environment to their culture
• Review of all tribes
• native overview.mp4
t
FOOD CLOTHING SHELTER
Northwest
Southwest
Great
Plains
FOOD CLOTHING SHELTER
Eastern
Woodlands
Southeast
Arctic
Native American Project
• Work with your group to fill in the chart for one of the Native American groups.
• Groups will share their information with other groups until entire chart is filled out
• Make a poster of North America
• On your map, label the 5 Native American groups and bullet point three ways that group adapted to its environment
Acting it Out
In your pairs, act out a Native American region without speaking.
Think of some clues that you can act out to help the class guess what group you are portraying.
Writing it Out
• Follow the instructions on the hand-out to write two (2) awesome paragraphs!!
• Question to answer: Animals adapt to their environment, humans adapt the environment to meet their needs. In two paragraphs, explain how Native Americans used their environment to shape their culture.
• (Historical Context/Task)
Name ________________________________________________ Date ____________Mrs. Drysdale
Social Studies 7 Paragraph:Write a paragraph that explains how one of the Native American tribes adapted to their environment and allowed their culture to grow. Organizer and paragraph will be graded. Step 1: Draw the web on a separate page in your notebook.
Name ________________________________________________ Date ____________Mrs. Drysdale
Social Studies 7 Paragraph:Write a paragraph that explains how one of the Native American tribes adapted to their environment and allowed their culture to grow. Organizer and paragraph will be graded. Step 1: Draw the web on a separate page in your notebook. Step 2: Fill-in the following: Name of Tribe ________________________________________ What environment was like _____________________________________________________________ How the tribe adapted __________________________________________________________________ Start with a topic sentence that is general and introduces what tribe you are writing about. ________________________________________________________________________________ Write 4 sentences that give specific details about how they used nature in their culture. 1)________________________________________________________________________________ 2) ________________________________________________________________________________ 3) ________________________________________________________________________________ 4) ________________________________________________________________________________ Last sentence should be a summary of the details in the paragraph._________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Step 3: Write the paragraph u
Central and South America
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Olmecs: Southern Mexico (1200 BC – 400BC)
• Planned Cities, Religious Center– Pyramid stone temples– Highly organized government, – supervised building projects
• Achievements– Hieroglyphic writing– Calendar
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Mayans
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• Mexico -Yucatan Peninsula –Cancun, Guatelmala
• Advanced civilization
• , Mayan City
Mayans
• City-States: Religious centers- Chich’en Itza– Pyramid temples – great architecture and math
skills to build
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Maya
• Mayan mud homes Pyramid
with thatched roof
Mayans
• Religion & Achievements – Time obsessed– Solar Calendar/Astronomy– 365 days – (Calendar ended in 2012)
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Mayans• Mayan Math #s
Mayans
• Record keeping- stone glyphs- inside of bark used as paper (bark books)
Mayans
• Deadly ball game• Winner=Feast• Loser=Death
• mayan culture 1.mp4• Maya video.mp4
Mayans
• Religion– Polytheistic – many gods including sun god
and storm god– Had human sacrifices
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Mayans
• Decline (900 AD) – no one knows why– Maybe over population, disease, drought,
revolts
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Different latitude lines and land forms result in diversity of climates Limits Unification, Transportation,
and Communication
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Aztec
• Location: • Mexico
Different latitude lines and land forms result in diversity of climates
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Aztec Empire – Unified ppl under one Emperor
• Capital – Tenochtitlan (island) in middle of lake
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Aztecs (Southern Mexico) 1300s -1500s AD
• Warlike People– Conquered lands
• Forced people to pay tribute
• Cotton, gold, food
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Aztecs (Southern Mexico) 1300s -1500s AD
• Greatest Ruler– Montezuma II (1502 – 1521)
• Empire was largest and rich• Lost empire to Spanish
– Hernando Cortez (Cortez befriends– the Aztec’s – enemies who – help destroy– them)
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Aztecs (Southern Mexico) 1300s – 1500s AD
• Social Structure– Captive soldiers became slaves– Commoners (peasants)paid tribute– Priests and officials administered justice– Emperor had supreme power
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Aztecs (Southern Mexico) 1300s – 1500s AD
• Centralized Government – Built Military Roads
• Linked empire – easier to collect tribute• soldiers protected trade
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Aztec King
Aztec Achievements• Chinampas – “Floating Gardens” Gardens
on rafts to grow crops
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Aztecs (Southern Mexico) 1300s – 1500s AD
• Achievements - • Built causeways – linked island to mainland• Filled lakes to create farmland• Urban city with 200,000 ppl
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Tenochtitlan
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• Writing – Pictograms – picture writing system to keep
records
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Book which held records was called Codex
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Pyramid temples to store tribute and hold sacrifices
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Aztec Temple
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Temple of the Sun
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Aqueduct System
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Guess what’s going on here!
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Aztecs (Southern Mexico) 1300s – 1500s AD
• Religion – Polytheistic
• Gods of corn, rain, sun and war
• Huitzilopochtli – Sun god – required
human sacrifices– Prisoners of war
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Inca
• When
• Where
• 1200’s to 1530’s
• West coast of South America• Ecuador, Peru in Andes Mtns
Inca
• What. . .
type of homes
type of environment
type of work
• Cuzco (Andes Mountains) and Machu Picchu
• Small homes, usually one room , made with stones, thatched roof
• Farming on terraces (cut out land – steps)• Built roads and aqueducts (roads to carry
water)Machu Picchu
Inca
• Social Classes and Beliefs
• Worshipped the Sun• Emperor was descended from Sun God• Emperor – Priests and Warrior Chiefs –
Administrators – craftsman, farmers, fisherman – slaves
Expert engineering skills
Advances in medicine
inca video.mp4
Inca built hundreds of suspension bridges throughout the Andes over canyons and rivers; connecting roads. Bridges were built from braided grass, vegetation and wood fibers.
Incas (Ecuador, Peru, Andes Mtns)
• Social Structure– Government – Emperor – Absolute Ruler– Nobles governed provinces, census for taxes– Local officials – artisans, gov’t collected taxes– Commoners
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Machu Picchu
• Accomplishments – – Terrace Farming – adapted to environment!!– Created flat land– Gravity fed water– Retains heat
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City on the MountainCentralized Gov’t needed to create
city
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Extensive Roads and Footbridges connect across the Andes Mountains
(trade)
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Messengers ran in relays to deliver quipu (strings with knots as messages
– mainly math counting system)
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Incas (Ecuador, Peru, Andes Mtns)
• Achievements– Crowbar (lever)– Roads, bridges – united empire– Medicine – set fractures, brain surgery
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Incas (Ecuador, Peru, Andes Mtns)
• Polytheistic– Inti – Sun God– Emperor was
Inti’s son
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Incas (Ecuador, Peru, Andes Mtns)
• Decline– 1500s – emperors two sons fought for power
• Civil War – weakened regime
– Spanish (Francisco Pizarro) arrive in Peru and allied with rebels against Incas
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1492The Beginning or The End?
• 1492
• Columbian Exchange
• Columbus lands in Americas (Caribbean)
• Exchange of goods and ideas between Native Americans, Europeans, and the worldwide exchange
Europeans introduced domestic animals (horses, chickens), how to use metals for cooking and weapons, technology, art, language and diseases
Native Americans introduced new foods, how to grow crops, teach them how to survive, medicines, hunting skills, arts, sports