september 29, 2015mrsmcgrewsclass.weebly.com/uploads/5/7/4/6/... · roman empire notes hw: vocab...
TRANSCRIPT
SEPTEMBER 29, 2015
Finish Roman Republic GSPRITE
Punic Wars Notes
Roman Empire Notes
HW: Vocab Quiz Tomorrow
Vocab Due Tomorrow
Roman Expansion
Military expansion
Legions: units of 5,000 men
Romans control all of Italian peninsula by 256 B.C.
Treatment of conquered peoples
Made citizens or allies
Allies could do what they wanted as long as they didn’t set allegiance to any other people
Commercial Expansion
Trade networks by sea
Roman roads
Roman Roads
FIRST PUNIC WAR
264-241 B.C.
• Rome and Carthage wanted
control of Sicily.
• Punic = Punicus = Phoenicians
• Mostly naval battles
• Carthage had superior navy
• Carthage was winning initially
• Romans develop new boats that
ram and hook Carthaginian ships
• Romans then board Carthaginian
ships and fight hand to hand
combat
Rome eventually defeats
Carthage
Gains control of Sicily,
Sardinia, and Corsica
Rome = Yellow Carthage = Red
SECOND PUNIC WAR
218-201 B.C.
• Carthage wants control of Iberian city of Saguntum
(allied with Rome)
• Iberus River = line-of-demarcation between Roman and
Carthaginian spheres of influence
• Bitter about loss to Rome in First Punic War
Map prior to First Punic War
Rome = Yellow Carthage = Red
Hannibal
50,000 Men
6,000 Horses
37 War Elephants
Winter in the Alps
• Carthaginian general Hannibal
• Invades Italian peninsula by going
across the Alps
• Surprises Romans
SECOND PUNIC WAR
218-201 B.C.
Hannibal invades Italian
peninsula
Wins battles on his way to
Rome
Never invades Rome itself
Romans attack Carthage
and Hannibal returns to
defend it
Hannibal and the
Carthaginian Empire are
defeated at Zama in 201
B.C.
SECOND PUNIC WAR
218-201 B.C.
Rome wins Second Punic
War
Carthage gives up all
territory outside of Africa
(namely Spain) and lots
of gold
Carthage no longer
much of a threat
THIRD PUNIC WAR
149-146 B.C
Romans afraid Carthage would rebuilt and attack again
Roman politician Cato calls for war
Wanted revenge for Hannibal’s destruction in Second Punic War
Carthage is weak with little land
THIRD PUNIC WAR
149-146 B.C Rome invades
Carthage and wins easily
Entire population of city sold into slavery or killed
Everything else burned and dumped into the sea
Site covered with salt so that nothing would ever grow there again
Carthage completely destroyed
Results of Punic Wars
Carthage completely destroyed
Empire of Carthage becomes part
of Roman Empire
Rome controls almost entire
Mediterranean Sea
Beginning of Roman dominance in
the Western world
ROMAN EMPIRE AFTER THE PUNIC
WARS 264-146 BC
Roman Republic to Roman Empire
Transition from values of hard work and
simplicity to imperialism and world
supremacy
In addition to Carthaginian Empire,
expanded eastward to Anatolia and Egypt
Acquired control of trade routes
Became very wealthy
Wealthy landowner established large scale
farms called latifundia
Latifundias used slave labor small farmers
couldn’t compete small farmers sold land and moved to cities cities overcrowded not
enough jobs or food riots
Divide between rich and poor grows