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Computers transfer data in two ways:

Parallel Often 8 or more lines (wire conductors) are used to

transfer data to a device that is only a few feet away.

Serial To transfer to a device located many meters

away, the serial method is used. The data is sent one bit at a time.

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Serial Communication b/w micro controller & LCD.

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Serial Communication is Sending of data from transmitter to receiver bit-by-bit.

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Transmitter Receiver

For long distances. Low Cost.

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• The speed of serial Communication is very slow than parallel communication.

ULN 2003 is used to drive the Actuator. The Actuator used in this project is Stepper Motor.

Pin Diagram of ULN 2003

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To control stepper motor , DC motor. Servo motor.

To operate Relays.

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