session 10 managing knowledge for the digital firm
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SESSION 10 MANAGING KNOWLEDGE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION. Organizational learning Creation of new standard operating procedures and business processes Knowledge management Set of processes Creates, gathers, stores, maintains, and disseminates knowledge. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
SESSION 10SESSION 10
MANAGING KNOWLEDGE MANAGING KNOWLEDGE FOR FOR
THE DIGITAL FIRMTHE DIGITAL FIRM
Organizational learningOrganizational learning
Creation of new standard operating Creation of new standard operating procedures and business processesprocedures and business processes
Knowledge managementKnowledge management
Set of processesSet of processesCreates, gathers, stores, maintains, and Creates, gathers, stores, maintains, and disseminates knowledgedisseminates knowledge
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION
Knowledge BaseKnowledge BaseStructured internal knowledge (explicit Structured internal knowledge (explicit knowledge)knowledge)
External knowledge of competitors, External knowledge of competitors, products and marketsproducts and markets
Tacit knowledgeTacit knowledgeInformal internal knowledge which Informal internal knowledge which resides in the minds of employees and resides in the minds of employees and has not been formally documented in a has not been formally documented in a structured formstructured form
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION
Systems and Infrastructure for Knowledge Management
Organizational MemoryOrganizational Memory
Stored learning from organization’s Stored learning from organization’s historyhistory
Used for decision making and other Used for decision making and other purposespurposes
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION
Systems and Infrastructure for Knowledge Management
IT Infrastructure for Knowledge Management
Figure 11-1
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION
• Consists of creating or processing Consists of creating or processing informationinformation
• Carried out by workers who are divided Carried out by workers who are divided into into • knowledge workersknowledge workers who primarily who primarily
create knowledge and informationcreate knowledge and information• data workersdata workers who primarily process and who primarily process and
disseminate informationdisseminate information
INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE WORK SYSTEMS
Information Work
Office systems: Office systems: any application of IT that any application of IT that intends to increase productivity of information intends to increase productivity of information workers in the office.workers in the office.
• Manage documentsManage documents
• Support scheduling for individuals and groupsSupport scheduling for individuals and groups
• Support communicatingSupport communicating
• Manage dataManage data
• Example: Word processing, voice mail, and Example: Word processing, voice mail, and imagingimaging
Distributing Knowledge: Office and Document Management Systems
Document imaging systemsDocument imaging systems
A way to reduce problems stemming from A way to reduce problems stemming from paper work flowpaper work flow
Convert documents and images into Convert documents and images into digital form digital form
Can be stored and accessed by the Can be stored and accessed by the computercomputer
Distributing Knowledge: Office and Document Management Systems
Components of an Imaging System
Figure 11-3
Distributing Knowledge: Office and Document Management Systems
Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)
Information systems that aid knowledge Information systems that aid knowledge workers in creation and integration of new workers in creation and integration of new knowledge knowledge
Knowledge work is segmented into highly Knowledge work is segmented into highly specialized fields and each field has a specialized fields and each field has a different collection of KWS.different collection of KWS.
Creating Knowledge: Knowledge Work Systems
Requirements of Knowledge Work Systems
Figure 11-6
Creating Knowledge: Knowledge Work Systems
Computer-aided design (CAD)Computer-aided design (CAD)
Virtual reality systemsVirtual reality systems
Investment workstationsInvestment workstations
Examples of Knowledge Work Systems
Creating Knowledge: Knowledge Work Systems
Groupware:Groupware: a tool that provides functions a tool that provides functions and services that support the and services that support the collaborative activities of work groupscollaborative activities of work groups
Intranets and Enterprise Knowledge Intranets and Enterprise Knowledge EnvironmentsEnvironments
Enterprise information portalsEnterprise information portals
Sharing Knowledge: Group Collaboration Systems and
Enterprise Knowledge Environments
An Enterprise Information Portal
Figure 11-7
Sharing Knowledge: Group Collaboration Systems and
Enterprise Knowledge Environments
IntranetIntranet for applications requiring for applications requiring publication of documents by a small publication of documents by a small number of authors and with relatively number of authors and with relatively static informationstatic information
GroupwareGroupware for applications requiring for applications requiring extensive coordination and managementextensive coordination and management
Sharing Knowledge: Group Collaboration Systems and
Enterprise Knowledge Environments
Effort to develop computer-based systems Effort to develop computer-based systems that behave as humansthat behave as humans
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
What is Artificial Intelligence?
The Artificial Intelligence Family
Figure 11-8
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Stores information in active formStores information in active form
Creates mechanism not subjected to human Creates mechanism not subjected to human feelingsfeelings
Eliminates routine and unsatisfying jobs Eliminates routine and unsatisfying jobs
Enhances organization’s knowledge base Enhances organization’s knowledge base by generating solution to specific problems by generating solution to specific problems that are too massive and complex to be that are too massive and complex to be analyzed by human beingsanalyzed by human beings
Why Business is Interested in Artificial Intelligence
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Expert Systems:Expert Systems: Knowledge intensive computer Knowledge intensive computer program that captures the expertise of human in program that captures the expertise of human in limited domains of knowledgelimited domains of knowledge
How Expert Systems WorkHow Expert Systems Work
Knowledge BaseKnowledge Base
Rule Base Rule Base
Knowledge FramesKnowledge Frames
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Rules in an AI Program
Figure 11-9
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Frames to Model Knowledge
Figure 11-10
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Only certain classes of problems can be solvedOnly certain classes of problems can be solved
Knowledge base of expert systems cannot learn Knowledge base of expert systems cannot learn or change over time. Keeping knowledge base up or change over time. Keeping knowledge base up to date is a problem.to date is a problem.
Can represent only limited forms of knowledge: Can represent only limited forms of knowledge: IF-THEN knowledgeIF-THEN knowledge
They are most effective in automating lower level They are most effective in automating lower level clerical functionsclerical functions
Drawbacks of Expert Systems
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Case-based Reasoning (CBR)Case-based Reasoning (CBR)
Artificial intelligence technologyArtificial intelligence technology
Represents knowledge as database of Represents knowledge as database of cases and solutionscases and solutions
Organizational Intelligence: Case Based Reasoning
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
How Case-Based Reasoning Works
Figure 11-12
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Hardware or software emulating processing Hardware or software emulating processing patterns of biological brainpatterns of biological brain
How Neural Networks workHow Neural Networks work
The network is fed a training set of data for which The network is fed a training set of data for which the inputs produce a known set of outputs and the inputs produce a known set of outputs and conclusions. Computer learns the correct solution conclusions. Computer learns the correct solution by exampleby example
Address the problems in pattern classification, Address the problems in pattern classification, prediction and financial analysis, and control and prediction and financial analysis, and control and analysisanalysis
Neural Networks
OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES
A Neural Network
Figure 11-15
OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES
Problem-solving methods Problem-solving methods
Promote evolution of solutions to Promote evolution of solutions to specified problems specified problems
Use a model of living organisms adapting Use a model of living organisms adapting to their environmentto their environment
Genetic Algorithms
OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES
Integration of multiple AI technologies into Integration of multiple AI technologies into a single application a single application
Takes advantage of best features of Takes advantage of best features of technologiestechnologies
Hybrid AI Systems
OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES
Software programs Software programs
Use built-in or learned knowledge base to Use built-in or learned knowledge base to carry out specific, repetitive, and carry out specific, repetitive, and predictable tasks or make decisions on predictable tasks or make decisions on the user’s behalf.the user’s behalf.
Intelligent Agents
OTHER INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES