session ii: crop water productivity case study tunisia, nabil sghaier
TRANSCRIPT
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NENA REGIONAL STAKEHOLDERS WORKSHOP
on
Operationalizing the Regional Collaborative Platform to address water consumption, water productivity and drought management in
Agriculture
Session II: Crop Water Productivity
Case Study Tunisia,
Nabil Sghaier
October 27-29, 2015, Cairo Egypt
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Major agricultural systems in Tunisia
• Rainfed agricultural areas: 4 575 540 ha (18 % is fallow),
• Mixed irrigated areas: 415 900 ha,
• Rangeland: 4 798 540 ha
Source: ONAGRI (2012) http://www.onagri.nat.tn/statistiques
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Major crops in Tunisia • Cereals (North): 1 440 180 ha (33 % of cultivated area),
• Olives (Central part and North): 1 800 000 ha (40 % of cultivated area),
• Dates (Oasis of Southern Tunisia): 22 500 ha
• Fruit trees: 475 280 ha (11 %),
• Irrigated tree crops: 204 000 ha,
• Vegetables: 160 280 ha
Source: ONAGRI (2012) http://www.onagri.nat.tn/statistiques
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Methods used by the Ministry of Agriculture to monitor crop yield
- Objective method at governorate level: field sampling+extrapolation
method (statistical department of MA: DGEDA),
- Non objective method at delegation level: sub-governorate (in-situ
visit of farmers and visual expertise (Agricultural production
department of MA: DGPA)
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Agencies of the Ministry of Agriculture which are involved with CWP
• Agriculture Production Department (DGPA), National Institute of Field Crops (INGC), Rural
Engineering Department (irrigation), Agricultural Research and Higher Education Institute
(IRESA),..
Major on-going programs/projects for RS CWP determination
• Demonstration/research projects (WLI, ACLIMAS, IRA-project)
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Methods used by the Ministry of Agriculture to monitor crop water use and evapotranspiration
• Indirect method using irrigation water accounting through
inflow/outflow of water into reservoirs, water level of reservoirs,
piezometers and water gauges in irrigation networks (GDA), crop
water requirement (FAO 56 method),
• No routine monitoring by RS, only experimental /research work
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Water productivity for cereal crops in Tunisia
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Yield and total water supply (P+I) at different scales
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0
2
4
6
8
200 400 600 800
t/ha
Precipitation+Irrigation (october - mai ) mm
Yield and total water supply (P+I)/farmers
Ref. New Medit 1/2015
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0
4
8
12
16
20
200 400 600 800
kg mm-1 ha-1
Precipitation+Irrigation (october - mai ) mm
WP and total water supply (P+I)/farmers
Ref. New Medit 1/2015
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-1
0
1
2
3
4
0 4 8 12 16 20
MC
V (
Mil
le D
T/h
a)
WP (kg mm-1 ha-1)
Ref. New Medit 1/2015
Margin on variable cost and WP
1 Mille DT ≈ 500 USD
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Routes for improvement and tools
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15
10
Barely
20
25
0
2
4 6
8
10
12
14
Bread wheat 20
15
10
5
0 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
Durum wheat
5
0
Cereal yield in Tunisia (q/ha) 1910-1997
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SWIM (Sustainable Water Integrated Management) - Demonstration
Project Theme: Water and Climate Change
"European Neighborhood and Partnership (ENP) financial co-operation with Mediterranean countries“
EuropeAid/131046/C/ACT/Multi
Funded by Implemented by
Project duration December 29, 2011-December 28, 2015
Target Region Contact Person
Prof.Dr. Netij Ben Mechlia
INAT, Tunisia
E-mail:
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North-Eastern Tunisia
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Indicator Actual Target
Cereal Yield (q/ha) 23 32
WP for cereals (Kg/m3) 0.6 0.8
Actual and target WP for cereal in North Eastern Tunisia (Results of undergoing ACLIMAS project)
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Yield, ETa, Durum Wheat, Karim variety
y = 1.35 x - 0.24
R 2 = 0.87
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
ETa / ETc
Y /
Y m
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Identify areas with with high potential gain in WP (Y/ETa) in Tunisia: tools
• Yield estimation at sub-governorate level (delegation unit),
• Estimation of consumptive water use (ETa),
- ETa information is derived from RS data,
- In Tunisia, ET at spatial resolution of 375 X 375 m would be valuable (ALEXI ET),
- For higher spatial resolution for vegetables/fruit tree crops, disaggregation technique
is suggested,
- Daily ETa information,
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• Better understanding of the crop yield ET relationships,
• Appropriation of the technology of RS-based ET retrieval and mapping,
• More precise data on actual yield using objective method (using delegation reporting
unit instead of governorate).
• Yield/Biomass estimation at pixel level using agrometeorological/empirical approaches.
• Crop mapping using phenological/calendar approach ,
To have an operational RS CWP in Tunisia
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During this week, Prof Netij is organizing a workshop on cereal
productivity and productivity assessment and improvement
with different stakeholders from MA. So we can set up an
operational network for monitoring and technology transfer,
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Thank you for your attention