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Measurement

القيــاس

2SET 1 - Chapter 4 GFP - Sohar University

4 - 1 Introduction مقدمة• Measurement is finding a number that shows the size or amount

of something.• Measurement is done using measuring tools.

• There are two main systems of measurement:- The English system النظام اإلنكليزي

- The Metric system المتريالنظام

4 - 2 The English System النظام اإلنكليزي

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• The English system of measurement is still in use in the United States for many non-scientific purposes.

• The many units of measure and conversion factors in the English system can be very difficult to remember and use.

• In this system, length is usually measured in inches (abbreviated in), feet (abbreviated ft), yard (abbreviated yd) and miles (abbreviated mi).

• Weight is typically measured in ounces (abbreviated oz), pounds(abbreviated lb) and tons (abbreviated T).

• Capacity is typically measured in fluid ounces (abbreviated fl oz), quarts (abbreviated qt), pints (abbreviated pt) and gallons(abbreviated gal).

SET 1 - Chapter 4 GFP - Sohar University


Conversion Factors for Length:1 mile (mi) = 1760 yards (yd)1 mile (mi) = 5280 feet (ft)1 yard (yd) = 3 feet (ft)1 yard (yd) = 36 inches (in)1 foot (ft) = 12 inches (in)

• Below is some of the English system conversions factors:

Conversion Factors for Weight:1 ton (T) = 2000 pounds (lb)1 pound (lb) = 16 ounces (oz)

Conversion Factors for Capacity (Liquid):1 gallon (gal) = 4 quarts (qt)1 gallon (gal) =8 pints (pt)1 gallon (gal) =128 fluid ounces (fl oz)1 quart (qt) = 2 pints (pt)1 pint (pt) = 16 fluid ounces (fl oz)

Example 1: Change: (a) 5 yards to feet (b) 648 inches to feet(c) 79,200 feet to miles (d) 8 feet 7 inches to inches(e) 35 feet to yards and write the remainder in feet

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Solution:



Example 2: Change: (a) 9 pounds to ounces (b) 11,000 pounds to tons(c) 2 tons to ounces (d) 14 pounds 3 ounces to ounces(e) 70 ounces to pounds and write the remainder

in ounces

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Solution:


Example 3: Change: (a) 5 gallons to quarts (b) 7 pints to quarts(c) 3 pints 10 fluid ounces to pints (d) 72 pints to gallons

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Solution:


1 gallon = 8 pints1 pint = 16 fluid ounces

1 pt = 16 fl oz

4 - 3 The Metric System النظام المتري

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• Most of the world outside the United States, and scientists everywhere, primarily use the metric system.

• The metric system is sometimes abbreviated as the SI system.

• The metric system has a few basic units, and measures larger and smaller quantities using multiples of ten.

• The standard metric units include meters (abbreviated m) for length, grams (abbreviated g) for mass, and liters (abbreviated l) for volume.



• For larger and smaller amounts, the metric system uses the prefixesshown in following table:

Prefix In number In words Symboltera- 1 000 000 000 000 trillion تريـليـون Tgiga- 1 000 000 000 billion مليـار Gmega- 1 000 000 million مليـون Mkilo- 1 000 thousand ألـف khecto- 100 hundred مئـة hdeca- 10 ten عشـرة dadeci- 0.1 tenth ُعشـر dcenti- 0.01 hundredth واحـد بالمئـة cmilli- 0.001 thousandth واحـد باأللـف mmicro- 0.000 001 millionth واحـد بالمليـون µ

Example 4: Change: (a) 1 kilometer to centimeters(b) 5 kilograms to grams (c) 5 meter to centimeters(d) 1 liter to deciliters (e) 1 centimeter to millimeters(f) 1 kiloliter to millimeters

Solution:



4 - 4 Changing between English and Metric Units التحويل بين النظامين اإلنكليزي و المتري

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• The following table gives several conversion factors for changing between English and Metric Units:


English to Metric Metric to English

Length

1 inch = 2.54 centimeters 1 centimeter = 0.39 inches

1 foot = 30.48 centimeters 1 meter = 39.37 inches

1 mile = 1.61 kilometers 1 kilometer = 0.62 milesWeight

AndMass

1 ounce = 28.35 grams 1 gram = 0.035 ounces

1 pound = 0.45 kilograms 1 kilogram = 2.20 pounds

Capacity1 fluid ounce = 29.57 milliliters 1 milliliter = 0.034 fluid ounces

1 gallon = 3.78 liters 1 liter = 0.26 gallons

Example 5: Change: (a) 2 feet to centimeter (b) 2 litters to fluid ounces(c) 6 feet to meters (d) 12 fluid ounces to milliliters(e) 65 mile to kilometers

Solution:



Example 6: If a machine is labeled as 3000 kilograms, should it be movedby a forklift rated for a maximum of 5000 pounds?

Solution:


Example 7: The price of one liter of a chemical is $ 25. What is the priceof 5 gallons of this chemical?

Solution:

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