seungkyu lee - khu.ac.krcvlab.khu.ac.kr/celecture19.pdf · 2014. 5. 26. · biomodeling,...
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[CSE10100] Introduction to Computer
Engineering (컴퓨터공학 개론)
Chapter 14
Seungkyu Lee
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Computer Engineering
Kyung Hee University
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What Is Simulation?
Simulation
A model of a complex system and the experimental manipulation of the model to observe the results
Systems that are best suited to being simulated are dynamic, interactive, and complicated
Model
An abstraction of a real system
It is a representation of the objects within the system and the rules that govern the interactions of the objects
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An example of model
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Human Body Model Human Anatomy
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Constructing Models
Continuous simulation
– Treats time as continuous
– Expresses changes in terms of a set of differential equations that reflect the relationships among the set of characteristics
– Meteorological models fall into this category
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Constructing Models
Discrete event simulation
•Made up of entities, attributes, and events
– Entity The representation of some object in the real system that must be explicitly defined
– Attribute Some characteristic of a particular entity
– Event An interaction between entities
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Queuing Systems
Queuing system
A discrete-event model that uses random numbers to represent the arrival and duration of events
The system is made up of
– servers
– queues of objects to be served
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Queuing Systems • To construct a queuing model, we must know
– The number of events and how they affect the system in order to determine the rules of entity interaction
– The number of servers
– The distribution of arrival times in order to determine if an entity enters the system
– The expected service time in order to determine the duration of an event
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Meteorological Models
Meteorological models
•Models based on the time-dependent partial differential equations of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics
•Initial values for the variables are entered from observation, and the equations are solved to define the values of the variables at some later time
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Meteorological Models
How much
math
does it
take to
be a
meteorologist?
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Meteorological Models
Computer models are designed to aid the weathercaster, not replace him or her
– The outputs from the computer models are predictions of the values of variables in the future
– It is up to the weathercaster to determine what the values mean
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Hurricane Tracking
Figure 14.2
Improvements in
hurricane models
(GFDL)
Geophysical
and Fluid
Dynamics
Laboratory
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Computational Biology
An interdisciplinary field that applies techniques
of computer science, applied mathematics, and
statistics to problems in biology
Encompasses bioinformatics, computational
biomodeling, computational genomics, molecular
modeling, and protein structure prediction.
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Graphics
Graphics
•Originally the language of communications for engineers, designers, and architects
Computer-aided design (CAD)
•A system that uses computers with advanced graphics hardware and software to create precision drawings or technical illustrations
Computer Graphics
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Graphics
Figure 14.3 Geometric modeling techniques
A. © ArtyFree/ShutterStock, Inc.; B. © Stephen Sweet/ShutterStock, Inc.;
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Graphics
How does light work?
Figure 14.4 The normal (N), light (L), and Reflection (R) vectors
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Graphics
Shape and surface influence an object’s
appearance
Equations used to describe planes, spheres,
and cylinders
Real world surfaces are rough, which scatter
light differently, requiring texture mapping
techniques
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Graphics Illumination model
Simulation of light interaction at one point on an object
Shading model (shading)
Process of using an illumination model to determine
the appearance of an entire object
Rendering
The process of creating an entire image
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Modeling Complex Objects
Figure 14.5 A natural computer generated landscape Reproduced from Oliver Deussen, et al., “Realistic Modeling and Rendering of Plant Ecosystems.” SIGGRAPH (1998): 275-286. © 1998 AMC, Inc. Reprinted by permission. [http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/280814.280898]
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Modeling Complex Objects
Figure 14.6 Midpoint subdivision
for creating fractal terrains
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Mesh Modeling
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Modeling Complex Objects
Figure 14.11 A simulation of cloth showing ending and draping
Courtesy of Robert Bridson. © 2004 Robert Bridson.
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Modeling Complex Objects
Figure 14.7 Water pouring into a glass
Reproduced from Douglas Enright, et al., “Animation and Rendering of Complex Water Surfaces.” SIGGRAPH 21 (2002): 275-2
86. © 2002 AMC, Inc. Reprinted by permission. [http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/566654.566645]
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Fluid Modeling
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Modeling Complex Objects
Figure 14.8 Cellular automata-based clouds
Reproduced from Yoshinori Dobashi, et al., “A Simple, Efficient Method for Realistic Animatio
n of Clouds.” SIGGRAPH (2000): 19-28. © 2000 AMC, Inc. Reprinted by permission. [http://do
i.acm.org/10.1145/344779.344795]
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Modeling Complex Objects
What do smoke and
fire have in common? Reproduced from Duc Quang Nguye, et al., “Physically Based Mode
ling and Animation of Fire.” SIGGRAPH (2002): 721-728. © 2002 A
MC, Inc. Reprinted by permission. [http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/5665
70.566643]
Reproduced from Ronald Fedkiw, et al., “Visual Simulation of Smoke.” SIGGRAPH (2001): 15-22. © 2001 AMC, Inc. Reprinted by permission
. [http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/383259.383260]
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Fluid Modeling
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Building Modeling from Images