MarieDunne

MentalHealthPromotionSpecialistHealthImprovementService

WesternHealth&SocialCareTrustMariet.dunne@westerntrust.hscni.net

ThesunflowerhasbeenidentifiedastheuniversalandpositivesymbolofHOPE

AIM• Somebackgroundonhowithascomeabout• IntroduceyoutotheconceptofHope• Evidencetowhyweneedtoinvestinthis• TheJourneytodate• Visionforthefuture

SchoolsforHope- background• SchoolsforHopeisanewcurriculumprojectdevelopedby

iFred(theInternationalFoundationforResearchandEducationonDepression)Itisbasedonresearchthatsuggestshopeisateachableskill.Itaimistoequipstudents,educators,andparentswiththetoolstheyneedtofindandmaintainHopeevenduringthemosttryingoftimes.

• TheOuterWestNeighborhoodRenewalPartnership,WHSCTHealthImprovementDept,UlsterUniversityandLocalPrimaryandSecondaryschoolsintheareasetoutonthisjourneylastJune

Rationale• Intheresearchandworkrelatedtosuicidepreventiontherehasbeena

tendencytofocusonhopelessness.Hopelessnesshasbeenshowntopredictsuicide,butveryfewhavestudieditsopposite,i.e.theimportanceofhope.Hopeshouldbeconsideredasacentralconceptwhenworkingwithpreventivemeasures.

• Weshouldlooktostrengthenpeople’shope.Thiscouldbedonebygivingpeopleasenseofagencytohandletheirownlife.Inthisprocessitiscentraltolookathowindividualsperceivepossiblegoalsandpotentialpathwaystothesegoals.Ifyoudonotknowhowtopursueyourgoals,itmightleadtodespair.

Sowhatisit?• Hopeisdefinedas goal-directedthinking inwhichthepersonhastheperceivedcapacitytofindroutestogoals(pathwaysthinking),andthemotivationtousethoseroutes(agencythinking).

• Hopeisthefeelingofwantingsomethingtohappenandthinkingthatitcanhappen

• WebsterDictionary

CONCEPTSOFHOPE• .Youarenotbornwithhope.Hopemustbedeveloped,likeasetofmuscles.

Therearefourkindsofhope:Eachtypeofhope,justlikeeachmuscle,hasaspecialpurpose.Dr.AnthonyScioli

• Attachmenthopeisusedtobuildandkeeptrustingrelationships,haveasenseofconnectiontoothers,andhavestrongsurvivalskills.

• Masteryhopeisusedtobecomestrongandsuccessful,supportedinyourefforts,andinspiredbygoodrolemodels.

• Survivalhopeisusedtostaycalmandfindwaysoutoftroubleordifficultsituations.Itallowsyoutomanageyourfears.

• Spiritualhopeisusedtofeelclosetonatureandallhumanbeingsandtodrawextrastrengthandprotection.

• *Dr.ShaneLopez,ahopeexpert,saysthathopeisthefeelingyouhavewhenyouhaveagoal,areexcitedaboutachievingthatgoal,andthenyoufigureouthowyouachieveit

ResilienceandHOPE• “Welearnourbeliefsystemsasverylittlechildren,andthenwemovethroughlife

creatingexperiencestomatchourbeliefs.Lookbackinyourownlifeandnoticehowoftenyouhavegonethroughthesameexperience.”-LouiseL.Hay

Thesubjectofresilienceinpositivepsychologydealswiththeabilitytocopewithwhateverlifethrowsatyou.Somepeoplecanbeknockeddownbylifeandreturnasastrongerpersonthaneverbefore.Thesepeoplearecalledresilient.

• Aresilientpersonworksthroughchallengesbyusingpersonalresources,strengthsandotherpositivecapacitiesofpsychologicalcapitalsuchashope,optimism,andself-efficacy

Consultationwithadifference• Thefutureisbrighter(M39)• Nevergivingupnomatterwhat((F44)• Havingabig,bigdream(F8)• Whenyourdreamscometrue(F10)• Iguessitistobelieveinsomething(F8)• Hopeispower(M51)• Movingforward(F46)• Seeingmygrandchildren(F60)• Somethinginthefuture(M72)• Havingcouragetoplayfootball(10)• Ifwedon’thavehopewehavenothing(F74)• Havingafuture(F24)• Ifsomeonewasillphysicallyormentally– hopeisthethingthatgetthemthrough(f22)v Hopeiswhensomeoneputsanarmaroundyouwhenyouarereadytoletgo(M23)• Hopeisbelievingthingswillgetbetter(F31)• Hopemeanslife(M68)• Itgetsmeupandkeepmegoingandweshouldhelpouryoungfolksgetitandmaybetheywouldnot

feelsohopeless(F79)

Whattheevidenceistellingus• ResearchsuggeststhatHOPEisateachableskill(Rand&Cheavens,2008)• IthasalsobeenfoundthatagreaterlevelofHOPEresultsingreater

well-being,andthefactthatHOPEisvitaltosuccess(Scioli,2009).• Relevantresearchstudiesthathavebeenperformedtodetermine

theriskfactorsofsuicide,indicatethathopelessnessisaprimarypredictorofsuicide.Hopelessnessisassociatedwithsuicideattempts,althoughthefactormaybeconfoundedbythepresenceofdepression(Wilkinsonetal,2010)

• Primarypredictorsofsuicideincludehopelessnessanddepression.(AssociationofPhysicians,2004).

• HigherHopecorrespondstogreateremotionalandpsychologicalwell-being,greateracademicperformance,andenhancedpersonalrelationships(Snyder,2003)

•

PROGRAMMEDELIVERYPROGRAMMESBEGININTHEAUTUMN– 5SESSIONX2Hours

• Session1- DefiningHope• Session2- WhyIsHope

Important• Session3-TheBrainAnd

Hope• Session4- HowToCreateA

HopefulMind• Session5- HopefulPurpose

– Connecting,passion/purpose

Springbeginswithafollowon6x2hoursessions

• Session6- DiscussingHope• Session7- HopefulGoals

andPathways• Session8- Ahopeful

approachtochange• Session9- Challengesto

hope• Session10- Givinghope

Session3TheBrainandHope• Upstairs– Wherewedoourthinking,imagination,ourlearning- sound

decisions,makingplansself- understanding,learnnewthingsandwefeelhope

• DOWNSTAIRS• Basicfunctions– survivalbreathing,blinking,heartrate,fightorflightorfreeze,strong

emotions,suchasangerorfear(Siegel,DJ,Bryson,T.P.2011)

ExamplesessionfiveConnecting,PassionAndPurposeAnimportantaspectofstrongHOPEishavingapurposeCharlieTheComicStory

CharlestheComicCharleswasasmartboywhowasalwaysplacedinadvancedmathclass.Charles’parentsandfamilywereveryproudofthesemathsskillsandtoldeveryoneaboutthem.Theneighbours,theirfriends,andeventhepeoplewhoworkedatthegrocerystoreknewCharleswasgoodatmath.EventhoughCharleswasgoodatit,mathdidnotmakehimhappy.Charlesshowedupeverydaytomathclassdreadingthework.Onedayatlunch,Charlessatnexttoagirl,Jasmine,whowasdrawinglotsofsmallpicturesinarow.

Whatareyoudoing?”Charlesasked.“Makingcomics,”Jasmineresponded.CharleswatchedJasminedrawcomicsalllunchperiod.Hewasfascinatedwithhowmuchdetailsheputintohercharactersandthefunnythingsshehadthemsay.

ComebacktomorrowandI’llteachyouhowtomakeyourowncomics,”JasminetoldCharles.Thenextday,Charlescametolunchpreparedwithsomeblankpaperandapencil.JasminetaughtCharlestipsondrawingcomics,sharedsomebookswithhimaboutmakingcomics,andintroducedCharlestoafewotherfriendswhodrewcomicstoo

Charleslearnedthatheloveddrawing.HelikedthattherewerelinesandboxesinthecomicsthatremindedhimofsequencesandPatternsinmathsthathealreadyknewwell.Whathereallylovedwasthathecouldmakeworldscometolifeonhispage.WheneverCharleshassparetime,henowdrawscomics.Hesharesthemwithfriendsandfamilyandeveryoneenjoysreadinghisstories.ThismakesCharlesfeellikethereismeaninginhislifeandhefeelsspecial.Whenheseesotherpeoplelaughandlearnfromhisdrawings,Charlesfeelstheyarenotjusthispassion,butalsohispurpose.

HAVINGAHOPESUPPORTER!!!• AHopeSupporterissomeonewhoknowsandappreciatesyou,seesyourstrengths,andhelpsyoukeepahopefulmind.Theyareimportanttoourhope.Ittakesateamtoachievemostgoals.

• It’salwaysimportanttoaskforhelp.Thesesupportershelpustowardourdreams

Hopenetwork• MyFriendsonwhomIcancount:• _____________________________________________________________________________________________• _____________________________________________________________________________________________• FamilymemberswithwhomIfeelcomfortablesharingmyfeelings:• _____________________________________________________________________________________________• _____________________________________________________________________________________________• Relative(e.g.,aunt,uncle,cousin,grandparent)withwhomIcantalk:• _____________________________________________________________________________________________• _____________________________________________________________________________________________• Facultyandstaff(e.g.,teacher,counselor,coach)Icangotoforsupport:• _____________________________________________________________________________________________• _____________________________________________________________________________________________• SomeoneImightbeabletocountoneventhoughwearenotalwaysclose:• _____________________________________________________________________________________________• _____________________________________________________________________________________________• Somethingsacredtome(pets,nature,music):

___________________________________________________________________________________________

AdaptedfromtheStudentPersonalResourceSurveyOpalewski andRobertson(2007),p.13HopeNetwork

EvaluationtodateSchoolsforHope:ImplementationwithLateElementaryStudentsattheFifthGradeLevelInternationalFoundationforResearchandEducationonDepression

KathrynGoetzke,PennyTate,HarshPatel&KristinLewis

ü Preandpostquestionnaireü Resultsof testing concluded the effectiveness oftheprogram with an overall

increase in student comprehension ofmaterial and contents.ü Additionally,feedbackfrom educators and students was collected with indicated

Reportsofoverall satisfaction,support,and a desire to continue forward withtheprogram

ü Thehopecurriculumprovedtobeaneffectivemeansofteachingtheconceptofhope

ü Furtherresearchisneededtoseethelongitudinalimpact

WESTERNAREA• Producedtrainingpacks• Trained30peoplefromStat,Vol,communityPilotone– Introducetheprogrammein5primaryschoolsinitiallyintheouterwestarea(P5- P6)andtwosecondaryschools

• UniversityofUlster(DrKarenKirby)areassistingwiththepreandpostevaluation

• StronglinkswithourcolleaguesinIfredandsharethelearning

• ProducinginitialevaluationfindinginJune

RESEARCHTOEVIDENCE• Theaimofthepilotevaluationwastoassesstheeffectiveness

oftheSchoolsforHopeprogrammeinbeingableto:

• improvelevelsofhopeinchildrenandyoungpeople,• increaseawarenessandimprovementrecognising‘feelings’

andemotionalregulation,• Increaseemotionalresilienceandcopingskills• Ifpresent- beabletoshowreductionsinpotentiallevelsof

anxietyand/ordepressivesymptoms

• The‘Hopescale’wasassessedpre/postandinsessionbysessiontoevaluateimprovementsinHopeoverthecourseofthe10weekprogramme.

• Preandpostmeasuresonly• TheHopelessnessScaleforChildren(HSC).• HowIfeelQuestionnaire• SpenceGeneralisedAnxietyMeasureforchildren

QuestionnaireSurveypackforPrimarySchoolchildren

QuestionnaireSurveypackforPostPrimarySchoolchildren

• TheDifficultiesinEmotionalRegulationQuestionnaire-ShortForm(DERS-SF)

• TheMeasureofChildandAdolescentCopingScale• AdolescentResilienceQuestionnaireRevised(ARQ-R)• GAD-7Anxiety• TheBeckHopelessnessScaleforChildren• RosenbergSelfEsteemScale

THEFUTURE!!!!• EverychilddeservesHOPEandtheopportunitytofacelife,equippedwiththeessentialtoolsforemotionalwellness.Withtheseskillsinplace,wenotonlyareprovidingthepathforalifeoffulfillmentandsuccess,butwearepreventingtheconsequenceshopelessnessmaybring.

INSPIRATIONALCLIP• Insertvideoclip•• UpliftConnect’s• ThiskidknowsWhatisimportantinlife

LENDMEYOURHOPELendmeyourHopeforawhileIseemedtohavemislaidmineLendmeyourhopeforawhile

LostandlonelyfeelingfollowmeIseedaysfilledwithsadnessandfearLendmeyourhopeforawhile

LentmeyourhopeforawhileandonedayIwillhealandthenIwilllendmyrenewedhopetootherslendmeyourhopeforawhileANON

HOPEcanbegentle,quietandstill.

References• Scioli,A,Aplaceforhopeintheageofanxiety,GainHope.com,

http://www.gainhope.com/hope/default.cfm• Cheavens,Jennifer;Dreer,Laura(2008).You’vegottohavehope:studiesshow‘hopetherapy

fightsdepression’.http://research news.osu.edu/archive/apahope.htm• Mazza,James;Catalano,Richard;Abbott,Robert;Haggerty,Kevin(2011).Anexaminationof

thevalidityofretrospectivemeasuresofsuicideattemptsinyouth.JournalofAdolescent• Health.Vol.49,Issue5,532--537.http://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054--139X(11)00127--

-3/abstractSher,L.• TheAssociationofPhysicians(2004).Preventingsuicide.QJM:AnInternationalJournalof

Medicine.Vol.97,Issue10,677--680.OxfordUniversityPress.http://qjmed.oxfordjournals.org/content/97/10/677.full

• Scioli,Anthony(2009).HopeintheAgeofAnxiety.OxfordUniversityPress.