Shaping a new CGIAR Mega Program

on Livestock and Fish

FARA African Agricultural Science Week, Ouagadougou20 July 2010

CG Context

CG Change

Invitation to develop Mega Program on:

Sustainable staple food productivity increase for

global food security: Livestock and fish

Emphasis on increasing

production/productivity for food security…..

Livelihoods, protecting eco-services

addressed by other Mega Programs

Why livestock and fish? Animal Source Foods (ASFs) – highly

strategic in nutritionally challenged populations, esp. for women & childreno Dense sources of protein, energyo Delivers essential, highly available

micronutrients more effectively than plant-based food

o Associated with Better growth, cognitive function and

physical activity of children Better pregnancy outcomes Reduced morbidity from illness

The Challenge Large share of value of world’s food supply Fast growing demand to be met

Projected increase in demand for ASFs

to 2020 (% per year)Developed Countries

Developing Countries

Milk 0.2 1.8Meat 0.5 1.7Fish 0.0 0.6Cereals 0.3 0.4

FAO 1009 SOFA Report

The Challenge Much of increase will come from industrial

sector for poultry and monogastrics• Not as well developed where the poor

are

Poor will need to depend on local systems• Limited capacity to respond• Offers opportunity for broad-based

income generation from high-value ASF• Transition strategy

Opportunity for Impact Animals play a role in all farming systems But productivity and consumption rates

continue to lag

Beef(kg output/kg biomass/yr)

Milk (kg/cow/yr)

Year: 1980 2005 1980 2005Sub-Saharan Africa 0.06 0.06 411 397Latin America 0.08 0.11 1021 1380West Asia/N Africa 0.07 0.10 998 1735South Asia 0.03 0.04 517 904Industrialized countries 0.17 0.20 4226 6350

FAO 1009 SOFA Report

Opportunity for Impact

Livestock R&D has certainly contributed to some successes….

But large productivity gaps remain

Conventional approach has had limited success

We propose to harness:

Growing & dynamic markets and private sector

Recent experiences of working closer with development partners

New scientific advances

Institutional flexibility from CG change

And commit to focus for meaningful impact

Can we do better?

From Piece-meal….

Consumers

Consumers

Consumers

Research for

Technology

Generation

Commodity X in Country Y

Commodity R in Country S

Commodity A in Country B

… to Focus for Impact

Consumers

Research for

Technology Generation

Commodity X in Country Y

Commitment to stimulate the transformation of a few animal product value chains in a few countries

-Catalyzing investment & aligning partners-Research engaging as knowledge partner in large-scale development intervention

Structured as 3 Themes

#2Improved

Technologies-Breed-Feed

-Health

Consumers

Commodity X in Country Y

#3 Strategies for Value Chain Development

#1 Targeting - foresight & prioritization

M&E - impact assessment

Large-scale development intervention

#1 Targeting and M&E

Build on current capacity and research

Scanning the horizon - foresight

Improved mapping of systems

Prioritization

Gender analyses

Impact assessment & learning

#2 Improved Technologies

1. Better performing breeds and breeding programs

• Characterization, conservation and selective breeding

• Improved delivery of genetics• Exploring applications from new science

2. Improving feed and forage resources and their use

• Plant-based feeds for fish, monogastrics• Dual-purpose food-feed crops• Feed/forage market development

#2 Improved Technologies

3. Animal health• Vaccines for orphan diseases• Maps of disease risk and response• Delivery of improved health services

Will seek a balance of: adaptive, real-time problem solving Medium/longer-term basic research

#3 Value Chain Development

Ensuring market ‘push’ and ‘pull’ to support smallholder uptake of improved technologies

• Clustering of services and BDS• Delivery strategies for inputs and services• Stimulating innovation systems and learning• Farmer & market organizations • Policy and advocacy, e.g. formalizing the

informal sector• Value chain analysis – identifying technical and

institution opportunities for upgrading

Involving private sector at all levels

So what is new?

Commitment to focus on a limited set of value chains and generate measurable impact

• 6-8 value chains • Catalyze R&D investment and efforts• Work more directly with development and

private sector partners• Set clear goals for impact

Creating synergies by pooling our collective resources across the 4 CG centers

Focus locally, impact globally

Focus value chains serve as proof-of-concept of impact at scale

…which can then be scaled out to the rest of the region

Problem-solving in focus value chains informs cross-cutting research

…so will continue to generate International Public Goods to be shared as done now

Deciding where to focus

1. Identify high-potential regional value chain based on study for livestock development investment

Growth and market opportunities Pro-poor potential Supply constraints

2. Choose target country Enabling environment Existing momentum

Target Value Chains (tentative)

Smallholder pigs in Vietnam and DRC

Smallholder small ruminants in Mali and Ethiopia

Smallholder aquaculture in Uganda

Smallholder dairying in Tanzania and India

Smallholder dual-purpose cattle in Nicaragua

Links to other Mega Programs

MP1: role of value chains within agricultural systems and livelihoods

MP2: role of animal product value chains in broader economic growth

MP3: role of crops as feed, use of animals for crop production

MP5/7: environmental risks and trade-offs

Timetable CG partner planning meeting (ILRI,

WorldFish, ICARDA, CIAT) held July 5-7, Nairobi

Stakeholder engagement process E-consultation:

http://livestockfish.wordpress.com Stakeholder meetings:

FARA meeting, Ouagadougou, July 20 Stakeholder consultation, Nairobi, August

24—25 Targeted visits to key stakeholders

Submission early September

Overarching Goal

Sustainably increase productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems

so as to increase availability and affordability of ASFs for poor consumers

and, in doing so, to reduce poverty through greater participation

by the poor along ASF value chains.

The enduring productivity gap in poor country small-scale livestock and aquaculture systems can be sustainably reduced through new ways of working in which partnerships between research, development and private sector actors stimulate gender-equitable innovation in selected pro-poor value chains; enable uptake of existing appropriate technologies; and identify and communicate demand for new priority technologies that exploit scientific advances. Reducing the productivity gap for livestock and fish will lead to increased access to ASFs by the poor and increased incomes for producers and other value chain actors, thereby improving nutrition and food security.

Our Proposition

Issues for Discussion

1. The overall concept

2. The focus value chains

3. Engaging with partners

The overall concept

Question 1: The proposed approach commits the CG Centers to achieve impact by catalyzing development and research interventions in a few carefully selected value chains in a few countries.

Is it an effective approach for the CGIAR to take?

What are the risks of such an approach, and how could we manage those risks?

The overall conceptQuestion 2: This approach assumes that CGIAR Centers can act as catalysts to attract new or align existing development investments (including private sector). It also assumes that different research partners will work together to support development partners as they implement major development interventions in the targeted meat, milk and fish value chains.

Can CGIAR Centers offer sufficient added value for development donors and actors, including the private sector, to make this approach work?

What we would need to do for this to happen in an effective, sustainable and equitable manner?

The overall concept

Question 3: Is it reasonable to expect that the focus on working to transform specific value chains in specific places will generate measurable local impact AND facilitate subsequent scaling out regionally AND generate technologies and research findings that will benefit international development efforts more widely?

What strategies could we use to ensure the lessons from the selected value chains in the selected countries benefit more producers and consumers more widely?

Selecting focus value chains

Question #1: The process used for deciding where to focus the Mega Program efforts is sufficiently reasoned and evidence-based.

Please comment on how the process could be improved or further strengthened. 

Selecting focus value chains

Question #2: The criteria used for deciding where to focus the Mega Program are the most essential and relevant.

Please comment on any specific criterion you feel is non-essential or is missing. 

Selecting focus value chains

Question #3: Successful impact from focussing in a selected value chain in one country can be scaled out to spill the impact over into other countries of the region.

Please comment on what would need to be done to enhance spillover impacts. 

Selecting focus value chains

Question #4: Addressing the constraints to value chain development in one country does not limit the ability to generate research results and technologies applicable in other countries.

Please comment on what can be done to strengthen such benefits. 

Engaging with Partners

Question: What is the best way for the CG Centres to engage with the range of partners who will be key to success of this approach?

National research actors

Development agencies & NGOs:

Private sector at local, national, international level

Regional research coordination bodies

National and regional policy makers