sharing the purse strings: budgeting for gender equality
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Sharing the purse strings: budgeting for gender equality. SAMANTHA HUNG Senior Social Development Specialist (Gender and Development) Asian Development Bank. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Sharing the purse strings: budgeting for gender
equalitySAMANTHA HUNG
Senior Social Development Specialist (Gender and Development)Asian Development Bank
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.
Outline of Presentation
• Why gender-responsive budgeting (GRB)?• Why GRB for the MDGs?• What is GRB? • How to implement GRB? • Some GRB Tools• Country examples• Challenges & lessons learned
Why gender-responsive budgeting?
• Budget reflects and defines highest level political commitment and priorities of government
• Allocation of expenditure has different gender impacts • Government needs to deliver to different groups &
implement gender equality commitments • Gender mainstreaming tool • GRB makes economic sense
Why GRB for the MDGs?
• MDG 3 is a goal in its own right• MDG 3 progress enables all MDGs
- multiplier effect• Off-track gender-related MDGs • Gendered approach to MDGs essential
to accelerate progress• GRB = resource allocation tool
for MDG investment
What is GRB?
• Not a separate women’s budget!• Rigorous analysis of different impact of
budget priorities on men and women• Reorient and re-prioritize• Data and tools
How to implement GRB?
Requires simultaneous actions at 3 levels:• Developing and applying GRB
technical tools
• Collate & analyze sex disaggregated data and information
• Mechanisms for GRB policy dialogue between Government and civil society
Some GRB Tools
1. Gender-Aware Policy Appraisal2. Sex-Disaggregated Beneficiary Assessments 3. Sex-Disaggregated Expenditure Incidence Analysis 4. Sex-Disaggregated Revenue Incidence Analysis5. Sex-Disaggregated Analysis on Time Use 6. Gender-Aware Medium-Term Appraisal 7. Gender Budget Statements There is no one single way to do GRB!
But it does not have to be complicated!
Budget preparation Budget approval
4 entry points:
Budget execution Audit & Evaluation
But it does not have to be complicated!
Awareness Accountability Change
Plus 3 key elements:
GRB Example: India• Ninth Plan (1997-2002) - “30% funds in all women related sectors.” • Tenth Plan (2002-2007) – Highlighted need for GRB• Institutionalization of GB since 2005
- Gender Budget Cells in 56 Ministries/Departments
- Gender Budget Statements – Union and State level
- Orientation and Capacity Building
- More than 1000 Central & State Government officers oriented to concepts and tools of GB
• 2009-2010 – all Ministries required to produce Statement 20 ‘Gender Budgeting’
India: Increased $ for WomenYear No. of Ministries
(No. of Demands)Total Magnitude of Gender Budget
(in Rs.billion)
2005-06 9 ( 10) 143.78 (2.79 %)
2006-07 18 (24) 287.37 (5.09%)
2007-08 27 (33) 311.78 (4.5%)
2008-09 27 (33) 276.62 (3.68%)
2009-10 27 (33) 568.58 (5.57%)
2010 -11 28 (33) 677.50 (6.11%)
2011-12 29(36) 782.51 (6.22%)
GRB Scoring system No. Indicators Percent
1 Women’s Capacity Development 202 Women’s participation in formulation and implementation
of the program20
3 Women’s share of the benefit 204 Support in employment and income generation for women 20
5 Quality reform in time use and minimization in work load of women
20
Total 100
GRB Example: Nepal
If the total is >50% = “Direct Gender Responsive” If the total is >20%-<50% = “Indirect Gender
Responsive or Transformative” If the total is <20% = “Neutral”
GRB Example: Nepal
Example of practical actions:
MoLD provides a directive of 25% of allocation of Village Block Grants for women and children
GRB Example: Bangladesh
• GRB introduced in 2009• Sector budgets - proportion of activities
directly or indirectly supporting women‘s advancement.
• Set of 14 criteria for assessment• GRB guidelines in budget call circulars• 2011 - 33 ministries had formulated GRBs• 29.7% of budget allocated for gender related
expenditure, 18.3% targeting women directly• 2011 - 20 Ministry Gender Budgeting Report
GRB Example: BangladeshCriteria of Gender Impact Assessment for GRB • Access to healthcare and improved nutrition • Access to public properties and services • Access to education and training • Reduce daily working hours of women • Women‘s participation in labor market and income generating activities • Enhance social safety for women and reduce probable vulnerability and risk • Women‘s empowerment- decision-making in household, society, work place
& politics• Women‘s participation in various forums • Ensure safety and free movement for women • Monitoring and evaluation • Increase social status of women • Access to law and justice for women • Information Technology for women • Reduce violence and oppression
GRB Example: Philippines
• Legislative mandate for GRB• Specific allocation for gender projects • Mandated minimum 5% budget (set in 1996)• Ministries required to submit plans • Allocations less
than expected
GRB initiatives contribute to:
• Increased awareness of gender impacts of budgets• Understanding of the care and informal economies• Understanding impacts on women’s time use• Bringing gender issues onto the political agenda• Improved transparency of budget processes • Participation of civil society in the budget process• Increased sex-disaggregated data
Challenges & Lessons learned
• Lack of gender expertise – invest in capacity• Requires a multi-disciplinary team• Commitment of time & human resources • Lack of sex-disaggregated & gender data• Practical nature is critical to success• Best placed & led by the Ministries of Finance &
Planning with NWM in advisory role
Challenges & Lessons learned
• Focus first on sectors with greatestpotential gender impact
• Capacity building for sector agencies• Expand to all ministries and levels • Civil Society sustains the demand • Gradual process – long term view
Political will essential
• High-level commitment is crucial• Leadership of Ministry of Finance• Accountability via civil society • More women in decision-making helps
Sustaining demand for GRB
Demand
Women’s organizations & gender practitioners
Development partners
Researchers & academics
Media and the general public
Parliamentarians
In conclusion…
• Cannot bolt-on GRB – gradual process• No one recipe fits all• Keep it simple & practical• Pick the right tools for the right entry points• Long-term commitment & perspective• Learn from other country experiences• Integrate GRB within wider PFM reform
Thank you for listening “The Budget reflects the values of a
country – who it values, whose work it values and who it rewards… and who and what and
whose work it doesn’t.”
Pregs Govender,former Chair of the South African Parliamentary Committee on the Improvement of
Quality of Life and Status of Women