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SHARP S P E C I A L

I S S U E

SHARP by InkQuery Is a magazine produced for final fulfillment of requirements of the following persons:

ABANES, Mariel Anne V. ALIX, Angelo B. BENCITO, John Paolo J. FERNANDO, Romar B. MARANAN, Romelie Janelle and ZAPANTA, Lloyd M.

In the Feature and Magazine Writing Course, Bachelor in Journalism II-1D A.Y. 2012-2013, with the supervision of Prof. Filemon V. Viduya of the Department of Journalism, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila

2013, All Copyrights Reserved.

4 New Apple, New Galaxy Apple gets fruitier, Samsung Galaxy goes galactic

Summer Job. Hot Vacation achine of Hot Cash

6 Reading is a workout Train your Brain

Get into Vlogging Presenting your wonderful being to the cyberworld 7

5

OK

Journalism.

8 Secrets to Happiness Apple gets fruitier, Samsung Galaxy goes galactic

CHOCOLATES A Healthy Addiction, too

11 From a Humble Benedict,

to a Humble Francis A peek of Pope Francis’ journey to the Catholic world.

10

Dear Readers,

Great day. It seems like most of the students are counting days before the much awaited sum-mer break. And guess what? SharpMag will bring you additional summer heat as we feature differ-ent topics everyone will surely read all over again.

Read this magazine with your friends while taking group study breaks, or overnights, or even on-the-go. Bring this mag for an upbeat mood everyday, and don’t forget to recommend this bunch of interest to your friends.

Happy Reading, God Bless. :D

Lloyd Zapanta

Is currently taking up Journalism in PUP College of

Communication. He is also the layout artist of the

magazine. Together with his circle of friends, they

produce biannual outputs like Newsletters and

Magazines to comply to their hardworking and

formidable professors’ requirements for certain

Journalism topics. Die-hard glutton. Loves mim-

icking others. With Asian level of procrastinating.

John Paolo Bencito

Holds annual political news and features around the

so-called ‘Mini-Philippines’, PUP. Camwhore.

Agit but calm. Feelings bursting all the time. We don’t

know. Whatever. Haha.

Mariel Anne Abanes

Currently holding ‘Your Princess’ as title. Loves food,

food, and food. Currently dating food, but not gravies

and hotdogs. Loves to eat. Holds Leisure, Thrift and

Nature topics.

Romelie Janelle Maranan

The pearl of the orient. Loves bus, hates PNR. Whines

all the time. Half-cooked Japanese. Sick of being sick.

BJ II-1D Cultural Dance Troupe leader LOL. Assigned

herself to General topics.

Angelo Alix

The irregular scheduled-regular student. Big head. A

college theater superstar. Manbitch. Eats Potato

Crispspsps 100 times a day. Focused lately on new

media beats and trending topics.

Romar Fernando

Looks like a dad, acts like a naughty kid. Loves Manila

Bus. Has a map of Metro Manila in his head, packed

with shortcuts and transpo techniques. A Busy dog. A

Radio Lad. Currently into Catholic News / Features.

Lloyd Zapanta

Scan this QR Code

with your mobile

gadget. Thank you.

:]

03/15/13

C hill or Hectic, or whatever word is used to describe your everyday

life, there’s always technology within the reach. Nowadays, it’s just

totally ridiculous saying that we don’t actually use a certain tech-

nology since numerous tech gadgets are now abundant and

available. Since the early 2000’s, more and more gadgets are being invented,

and are getting much more portable than we ever thought of. A bulk, larger-

than-finger USB in the early millennium which holds up to 125 MB is now a piece

of ridicule since there is now USBs smaller than our thumb which can store files

up to 32GB.

It is just one of the many glorious evolutions of technological gadgets,

and included in the list are old-time cellular phones which are now bested by a

new kind of phone, *drum roll* the smartphones. And these phones are literally

smart not just because it processes more types of data than the usual phone,

but it nearly functions as a PC in just a couple of touches.

Smartphones, which are a new kind of phone type, is currently trending

worldwide. It was first triggered by Apple when they released the first version of

iPhone in 2007. It became a hit, but only in America and selected countries in

Europe due to limited availability. The successor of the first version, the iPhone

3G, is the first Apple iPhone to be almost available worldwide, which set Apple

to the height of towering success in reinventing cellphone.

HOT VACATION MACHINE OF HOT CASH By Mariel Abanes

SummerJob

1

I t's almost the end of another term and the heat rises as summer is fast approaching. Pictures of beaches and vacation spots pop clearly in your mind as you daydream of relaxing under the

sun and smelling the scent of the hot, summer weath-er. But you wake up and now you're back to reality and your thought bubble bursts and faces you a huge dilemma (at least for your part): You have nowhere to go and will be stuck at home for the two months of off-school. What to do now? If you're thinking of hav-ing a productive vacation, why not go for a summer job?

Search the internet and get hired! Whether you're aspiring to acquire enough experience and skills for your future job through an internship or you want to earn some cash through part-time, a summer job can definitely add up to one of your sum-mer's best moments.

Having enough knowledge about your target company will earn you a bigger chance of being accepted. Plus, you can evaluate yourself if you are really suitable to the job you want. It does some advantage since there is intense competition for jobs nowadays.

2 Submit resumé early.

Some companies only reserve limited slots for a certain positions, so be an early bird and send your resumé as soon as you can! Your resumé speaks a lot about yourself, so take time to review your pa-per and impress your employer!

3 After getting accepted, treat your internship as if it is your real job and give your best in every task assigned to you. Remember, your experience during your internship will contribute to your self-improvement and you might even be given recommendation to the company some years for now!

Inquire about the possibility of a full-time job in the future.

Take this opportunity to get to know other job offerings of the company you are in. The information will surely benefit you when you find yourself in need of it. Ask about how the system of hiring is when applying for a full-time job, and you may even get some helpful tips!

4

Ask for evaluation.

At the end of your internship, it's best to know how well you have performed and what have you improved in yourself. You can also determine your strengths and weaknesses, comments from experi-enced people will help with their tips you can use when you enter the real world in the near future.

5 INTERNSHIP

iPhone 5

VS.

B oth Apple and Samsung enjoyed years of big profit and re-

search developments that the two clashed in every other’s

phone release and update. It was in mid- 2012 when Apple

introduced the new iPhone 5, which is deemed much longer

in height, much sleeker and faster. But wary also of the ongoing takeo-

ver of Samsung in the industry, Apple sued Samsung for violating some

of iPhone’s patents, physically and internally. Apple eventually won vs.

Samsung.

But before the Apple event, Samsung also released another ver-

sion of Galaxy, the Samsung Galaxy SIII, which is much larger than iPh-

one, more flexible in apps, and a multiple-gadget-in-one according to

the reviews in tech websites.

Now the fight is getting Fruitier and Galactic. What would you choose?

A gadget of a bitten, always fresh, non-rotting Apple? Or a gadget that

will take you beyond the space? It’s your choice and pocket who’ll win

this battle of you and these dominating smartphones.

Lately, Google released the Android OS, an open-source phone

operating system made from Linux which became the top contender to

Apple’s iOS, which runs the iPhone. There were no manufacturers yet

who are using Android, so it didn’t pose a threat to Apple. Lately, a

South Korean conglomerate entered the smartphone market using An-

droid. Many manufacturers followed.

In 2009, this Korean company named Samsung focused on pro-

ducing more Android phones which they believe, will soon compete

big-time. That was the year they introduced the Galaxy line of phones,

but those Galaxies way back in 2009 are not as ‘wow’ as the Galaxy

right now. The industry even went to the point that most economists and

experts declared Galaxy as ‘the iPhone killer’ and recently, given the

title ‘the best Smartphone’, beating iPhone.

S tart preparing yourself for the summer that awaits! Make it useful to yourself. It’s worth investing your time and effort if you are going to reap something in return, don’t you think?

PART-TIME

1 Start with your neighborhood.

Set up a garage sale. Use your culinary skills and get into a simple food business. Offer tutoring sessions to the kids in your community. You can think of other ways on how you can earn money! Since you know the demands of your own community, you can easily know what products or services will click.

2 No job is too small.

Keep in mind that the large enterprises started from small beginnings. Who knows? You may think of continuing your business and it may give you your first million! Start small, but dream big!

3 Ask your friends to join you.

Phone like-minded peers who want to share your business! With your partners, you can start with a bigger capital and more man-power. And the thing with working with friends has a lot of advantages, since you personally know them, work will not really be work and you’ll be able to enjoy yourselves.

4 Give your best.

This applies well to any stuff you do. Always exert your best ef-fort, persevere, and be patient. Be passionate and aim high. It’s about pushing through your limits and knowing yourself in a dif-ferent level.

Samsung Galaxy SIII

‘N o matter what type of ability you have, as long as you are willing to get that body work-ing this summer, there will, and there will be a perfect va-cation job for you.’

VS.

By Romar Fernando

R eading millions of words is an incredible hob-by that would probably lead a person into greater knowledge and vocabulary and un-derstanding of life.

"Typically, when you read, you have more time to think. Reading gives you a unique pause button for com-prehension and insight. By and large, with oral language—when you watch a film or listen to a tape—you don't press pause. "There's a richness that reading gives you," Wolf says, "an opportunity to probe more than any other medi-um I know of. Reading is about not being content with the surface." Maryanne Wolf, director of the Center for Read-ing and Language Research at Tufts University describing the importance of reading by her own perspective.

Reading also helps to build concentration and at-tention skills. No matter what we want to do or become, we can’t do it without more knowledge. Reading is an excellent way to get where we want to go.

Reading builds our vocabulary. Remember our elementary school days when we are learning how to infer the meaning of one word by reading the context of the other words in the sentence. While reading books, especially challenging ones, we will find ourselves exposed to many new words we wouldn’t be otherwise.

Reading helps self-esteem. Another one of the key reading benefits is that the more we read, the more knowledgeable we become. With more knowledge comes more confidence. More confi-dence builds self esteem. Since we are so well read, people look for answers. Your feelings about us can only get better.

Reading improves creativity. Reading about the diversity of life and exposing ourselves to new ideas and more information helps to develop the creative side of the brain as it imbibes innovation into our thinking process, per-haps the best reading benefit of all.

Reading heightens our concentra-tion levels. Keeping our attention for longer periods of time is also something that comes with reading, as its not normally a quick five minute read.

Books help clarify difficult subjects, they go into depth analysis on a given top-ic and give much information concerning it.

Reading heightens our con-centration levels. Keeping our at-tention for longer periods of time is also something that comes with reading, as its not normally a quick five minute read.

Books help clarify difficult subjects, they go into depth analy-sis on a given topic and give much information concerning it.

Reading can sharpen our memory. If we are not working our mind regularly, it will not have its po-tential IQ as when it is being worked. When working our mind, memory can be enhanced, so by reading, we’re helping build your memory muscles. Reading can help reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease, which is some-thing we would want to avoid.

R eading is beneficial. Despite of the million of

words we read, it will still become a great channel towards success in life.

Reading promotes self-discipline. Self-discipline is anoth-er thing that can come about through reading. Having the will power to make time for reading and then having a long stretch of reading, is an achievement and is very easy to put off. Self-discipline is combined with concentration and is definitely a valuable life skill. A good time to read for many people is just before bed.

Reading is an avenue for en-tertainment. We can spend many hours or more, reading books. Some are as much as a cinema ticket and can provide more entertainment over a longer period of time than watching a film can. When feeling bored, something we must pick up a book and read. It’s surprising how long we can read for, without realiz-ing how much time can fly by. It’s also a relaxing activity to do.

1

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W ant to know the latest trend of blogging in the in-ternet today? It’s Vlogging! Yes, that’s

logging with a “V” – Video Blog-ging. It is the hottest way to tell ex-periences and life events with your friends all over the world.

GET INTO VLOGGING!

This kind of blogging is perfect to those who enjoy recording their day-to-day life, express their own views and opinions on matters that interest them, for people who likes to tell stories and most of all, to those who love to hold the camera and shoot scenes that catch their eyes.

Getting into the Vlogging world is as easy as 1, 2, 3. All you have to do is to get a video cam-era (phone cameras will do), a vid-eo-editing software and an internet connection for you to upload your video. You don’t even need to get a pen, a lot of boring typing ses-sions. Just develop patience, a lot of creativity and style, then you’re all set!

A Vlog’s main purpose is to relate people, mostly internet users, through a video post. Any topic un-der the sun is valid to be a subject in a vlog item.

Video blogging is a means of sharing to others your own stories of romance, humor, drama and ad-ventures. It is about creating your own documentary day-by-day.

Vlogging is also good for de-veloping your confidence and speech. And since the stories you’ll cover and the lessons that you’ll give are in video, after you take, you can always replay

it and retake parts which you think need improvement. See? By that way, you can also deal with stage fright.

If you are an effective Vlogger, you will gain members regularly. A lot of followers means that you’re be-coming known to netizens and by the time you find out your popularity, you should exert more effort and quality so that your works will be more enter-taining to your audience. As a Vlog-ger, it is your duty to be unique and creative enough to be appreciated by a large number of people follow-ing you.

What’s the plus? Aside from self-esteem and social skills, Video blog-ging is also a good way to earn mon-ey. First, it’s about confidence, then popularity, now money! With the fame you have gained, there comes money to pay you back for all your efforts. A lot of sites are already offer-ing this nowadays, and if you want to earn money, then just sign up to one of these. Your income will depend on the website’s rules and features and also how well you’ll be recognized by the viewers and the sites’ visitors.

Video blogging may eat a lot of your time, but if you will look back again to your works, you will realize that everything is worth it. Just make sure to always be yourself and every-thing else will follow. Have fun!

H ollywood media darling David Ar-chuleta hosts a channel in YouTube as a place for his video blogs. Screen-shot taken in the video where David explains cuisine enthusiasm over

Pinoy BBQs.

A n example of a more typical video blog. Video blogs are mostly taken at home by the computer’s webcam, or digital camera; and are edited right away after shots.

V ideo blogs are not necessarily on web-sites only. Some Vlogs are streamed over PC applications such as Quicktime. Some streaming services are available

at reasonable fees and charges which may in-clude tutorials, medical explanations, or even pri-vate content.

Y ouTube, a popular media website launched in 2005, offers free, readily available entertainment content accessible for all. With its

tagline: Broadcast Yourself, YouTube pop-ularized trends in Web, including News Vlogs, Personal Vlogs, etc.

By

Angelo Alix

Secre tS to Happiness

By Romelie Janelle Maranan

“Money doesn’t always bring happiness, People with ten million dollars are no happier than people with nine million dollars.”

–Hobart Brown

M ost people say that money

is the reason why a person

is happy. Because of mon-

ey, man will be able to

enjoy life to the fullest. But, you don’t have to be rich

to be happy. Cliché maybe, but also true.

Happiness is a state of mind and completely

within your control regardless of your financial situa-

tion. You can have happiness right now regardless of

your finances or what is going on in your life because

happiness is a choice. It is a state of mind.

We have heard a lot of stories about people

obsessed with becoming rich, but in the end were not

able to achieve happiness. Truly, money can’t buy

happiness. Just like what Todd Tresidder, a financial

coach said, “The essence of the daily happiness ac-

countability is that your happiness is a product of

your thoughts – nothing more, nothing less. This

may sound goofy to some finance readers but it is

timeless wisdom that really works so hang in there.”

Research shows that once income climbs above the

poverty level, more money brings very little extra

happiness. Yet, we keep assuming that because

things aren't bringing us happiness, they're the

wrong things, rather than recognizing that the pur-

suit itself is futile. Regardless of what we achieve in

the pursuit of stuff, it's never going to bring about an

enduring state of happiness.

There is more to it than being rich. There are

a lot of ways to achieve happiness.

Remember, happiness is found in the journey – not the destination. It is up to you if you will

choose to be happy, or remain agitated. Life is so beautiful, enjoy it while it lasts! Just like what

Oscar Levan said, “Happiness isn’t something you experience; it’s something you remember.”

Most people seek happiness as a by-product of their

achievements, actions and other things they do through-

out the day thus making their happiness dependent upon

what happens during their day. We don’t have to be de-

pendent whether on someone or the day itself- remem-

ber it is your life, not theirs. According to Dr. Tom G. Ste-

vens, “Choose to make happiness a top goal.” Choose to

take advantage of opportunities to learn how to be hap-

py. For example, reprogram your beliefs and values.

Learn good self-management skills, good interpersonal

skills, and good career-related skills. Choose to be in envi-

ronments and around people that increase your proba-

bility of happiness. The persons who become the happiest

and grow the most are those who also make truth and

their own personal growth primary values.

They say smiling can confuse an enemy, but more important than that, it can change your mood. Studies indicate that a person can turn his

or her own mood around by making a point to smile even when he or she is not feeling particularly happy. It is like a mental pep talk that begins to

change thinking, which in turn changes mood. Not to mention, smiling is contagious. When others see you smile they smile back and seeing some-

one else return a smile is sure to impart good feelings.

TAKE MORE, BETTER, AND SMARTER ACTIONS BECAUSE YOU SET THE

GOODS YOU REALLY WANT. Ultimately, humans do what they real-

ly want to do anyway. Finding out exactly what you really want

for yourself, and if possible, for other will help you feel good

about yourself. Once you create the ideal goal, you’re much

more likely to naturally and consistently take actions to reach it.

Holding a grudge and nursing grievances

can cause unhappiness. It does not only

cause sadness, but it also affects physi-

cal as well as mental health. If we only

know how to forgive, we can curtail

these kinds of feelings.

There are few better antidotes to unhappiness than close friend-

ships with people who care about you. “Friendship is one of life’s main

joys,” says David Niven, PhD, author of The 100 Simple Secrets of Happy

People. “Spending time with people who really know you affords you

the freedom to be yourself, which increases contentment.” You have to

learn how to mingle and socialize with other people. Remember that

being alone is not easy. Being with someone can boost your happiness

level.

FEEL GOOD ABOUT YOURSELF. Stop

ignoring what you can do and

start accepting who you really

are. You don’t have to be

ashamed about yourself, be-

cause there is nothing to be

ashamed of. You are a creation

of God, and you are perfect!

Ignore the bad things other peo-

ple are telling you. Lacking self-

confidence causes unhappiness,

as well as stress and disappoint-

ments, so better start feeling

good about you!

LIVE WITH CONTRIBUTION. Serve a

purpose: Think not only about

yourself but also other people.

Find at least one way, each day

to make another person happy.

It could be as simple as a kind

word, a personal acknowledge-

ment, giving anonymously, or

allowing someone in a rush to

get ahead. You are not the only

living in this world, so should also

think about the life of the other,

share your happiness to them-

well, in a healthy way of course.

ALWAYS BE POSITIVE. This probably goes without saying, but keeping a positive outlook even in the face of adversity increases happiness. Optimism

prevents loss of hope. It also keeps a person going forward in the event most hope is lost. It is the spark that keeps the eternal flame of hope alive

even in the darkest hour. In fact, a person with an optimistic attitude has a better outlook on life. Those people with a positive outlook on life tend

to have less non-content moments than those that do not. They are happier with their jobs, their income, their relationships, and just about every

other aspect as well.

L-O-V-E. Learn how to love and care for other people. They say that love is the key to happiness. Lacking love in your heart can cause depression. If

you don’t to get crazy because you’re a “no hearts, no love” type of person, well better start loving now. Love does not necessarily mean that

you have to have a partner in life. Caring for other people is one way to show love for them.

BE GRATEFUL. Learn how to be contented with what you have. Be thankful that you are breathing, you have what you needed to live, may that be

sufficient enough or not, and do not ask for too much.

MAKE GOD THE CENTER OF YOUR LIFE! Finally, the most important thing to remember is that faith is the ultimate key to happiness. No matter what the

circumstance is, it is not too big for God to handle. When things begin to become too overwhelming to handle alone, give it all up to God. Know-

ing everything is in his hands takes a load of stress and worry away. In fact, this is so effective that doing this even when everything is going well

makes life more enjoyable. He is the King of Kings and the Lord of Lords. If you make Him the center of your life, everything will be perfect. He will

never leave you. He is always there to guide you. With the Lord, nothing is impossible!

Secre tS to Happiness

S uperfoods don't just come from your super-

market's produce aisle. In fact those choco-

late candy bars next to the gummy bears now

qualify. Study after study proves that dark

chocolate—sweet, rich, and delicious—is good for

more than curing a broken heart.

CHOCOLATE

WHY YOU

By JP Bencito

5 reasons

SHOULD CRAVE more for

T he secret behind its powerful punch is cacao, also the

source of the sweet's distinct taste. Packed with healthy

chemicals like flavonoids and theobromine, this little

bean is a disease-killing bullet. The only problem? Cacao on its

own is bitter, chalky, nasty stuff.

Enter milk, sugar, and butter—good for your taste buds, not al-

ways good for your health. Besides adding calories, these can

dilute the benefits of cacao. So snack smart: Stick to healthy

chocolate with at least 70 percent cacao (or cocoa, which is

cacao in its roasted, ground form). As long as the content is that

high, says Mary Engler, Ph.D., a professor of physiological nursing

at the University of California at San Francisco, you can reap the

benefits from eating only small amounts. Because of its high fat

and sugar content, limit yourself to 7 ounces, or about four dark

chocolate bars, a week.

Healthier Heart The latest research backs up claims that chocolate has cardi-

ovascular benefits: In a 9-year Swedish study of more than 31,000

women, those who ate one or two servings of dark chocolate each

week cut their risk for heart failure by as much as a third.

Wish that was a serving each day? Another big, long-term study in

Germany this year found that about a square of dark chocolate a

day lowered blood pressure and reduced risk of heart attack and

stroke by 39 percent. Most of the credit goes to flavonoids, antioxidant

compounds that increase the flexibility of veins and arteries.

But since those antioxidants come with a generous portion of sugar,

milk, and butter, chowing down on chocolate isn't an excuse to skip

your workout. Chocolate and exercise actually work surprisingly well

together: Another recent study, out of Australia this time, showed that

eating chocolate high in healthy antioxidants reduced the blood

pressure-raising effects of exercise on overweight individuals. So go

ahead and reward yourself. A chocolate bar has five times the flavo-

noids of an apple, after all.

Weight Loss If you're wondering how you can add dark chocolate to your diet plan

without putting on pounds, the good news is that it should be easier than you

expect.

Researchers from the University of Copenhagen found that dark choc-

olate is far more filling, offering more of a feeling of satiety than its lighter-

colored sibling. That is, dark chocolate lessens cravings for sweet, salty, and fat-

ty foods. So if indulging in a bit of healthy dark chocolate should not only make

it easy for you to stick to the small portion recommended for optimal health,

but it should make it easier for you to stick to your diet in general. Jackpot!

Happier Kids Women who ate chocolate daily during their pregnancy reported

that they were better able to handle stress than mothers-to-be who ab-

stained. Also, a Finnish study found their babies were happier and smiled

more. Hmm, so your options are popping a piece of premium chocolate or

sticking a pacifier in your screaming baby's mouth?

Diabetes Prevention Candy as a diabetes foe? Sure enough. In a small Italian study, partici-

pants who ate a candy bar's worth of dark chocolate once a day for 15 days

saw their potential for insulin resistance drop by nearly half. "Flavonoids increase

nitric oxide production," says lead researcher Claudio Ferri, M.D., a professor at

the University of L'Aquila in Italy. "And that helps control insulin sensitivity."

Higher Intelligence Next time you're under pressure on a work project, don't feel so guilty about grabbing a dark chocolate bar from the vending machine. Not only will it help your body ward off the effects of stress, but it'll boost your brain power when you really need it.

A University of Nottingham researcher found that drinking cocoa rich in flavanols boosts blood flow to key parts of the brain for 2 to 3 hours, which could improve performance and alertness in the short term.

Other researchers from Oxford University and Norway looked at choc-olate's long-term effects on the brain by studying the diets of more than 2,000 people over age 70. They found that those who consumed flavanol-rich choc-olate, wine, or tea scored significantly higher on cognitive tests than those who didn't.

FROM A HUMBLE BENEDICT

TO A HUMBLE FRANCIS

By Romar Fernando

A fter a day and a half Papal Conclave, the College of Cardinals had elected

Jorge Mario Cardinal Bergoglio to be called as Pope Francis, as the 266th Pope

of the Catholic Church by which replaces Pope-Emeritus Benedict XVI after re-

signing last February 28, 2013.

A native of Buenos Aires, Argentina, he was ordained as a priest in 1969. In 1998 he

became the Archbishop of Buenos Aires, and in 2001 a cardinal. Bergoglio chose the

name Francis (the first time a pope has taken that name) in honor of Saint Francis of Assisi.

He is both the first Jesuit pope and the first pope from the Americas. He is also the first pope

from outside Europe since Gregory III in the eighth century. ‘After a long wait,

“Habemus

Papam!,” Franciscum.’

03.13.13

J orge Mario Bergoglio was born in Buenos Aires, one of the five children of Italian im-

migrants of piedmontese origin, Mario José Bergoglio, a railway worker, and his wife

Regina María Sívori, a housewife. As a teenager, Bergoglio had a lung removed as a

result of an infection. He graduated from a technical high school as a chemical

technician and later, at the age of 21, decided to become a priest.

Bergoglio entered the Society of Jesus on 11 March 1958 and studied to become a

priest at the Jesuit seminary in Villa Devoto. In 1960, Bergoglio obtained a licentiate in phi-

losophy from the Colegio Máximo San José in San Miguel; in 1964 and 1965, he taught liter-

ature and psychology at the Colegio de la Inmaculada, a high school in the province of

Santa Fe, Argentina, and in 1966 he taught the same courses at the Colegio del Salvador

in Buenos Aires.

I n 1967, Bergoglio finished his theological studies and was or-

dained to the priesthood on 13 December 1969, by Arch-

bishop Ramón José Castellano. He attended the Facultades

de Filosofía y Teología de San Miguel (Philosophical and The-

ological Faculty of San Miguel). a seminary in San Miguel, Bue-

nos Aires province. Bergoglio attained the position of novice

master there and became professor of theology.

The Society of Jesus promoted Bergoglio and he served

as provincial for Argentina from 1973 to 1979. He was transferred

in 1980 to become the rector of the seminary in San Miguel, and

served in that capacity until 1986. He worked on a doctoral dis-

sertation at Sankt Georgen in Germany and returned to Argen-

tina to serve as confessor and spiritual director in Córdoba.

Bergoglio was named Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires in

1992 and was ordained on 27 June 1992 as Titular Bishop of

Auca, with His Eminence, Antonio Cardinal Quarracino, Arch-

bishop of Buenos Aires, serving as principal consecrator. Ber-

goglio succeeded Cardinal Quarracino as Archbishop of Bue-

nos Aires on February 28, 1998 and was concurrently named or-

dinary for Eastern Catholics in Argentina, who had lacked their

own prelate.

At the consistory of February 21, 2001, Archbishop Ber-

goglio was created a cardinal by Pope John Paul II with the title

of cardinal-priest of San Roberto Bellarmino. As cardinal, Ber-

goglio was appointed to five administrative positions in the Ro-

man Curia: Congregations for the Clergy, Divine Worship and

Discipline of the Sacraments, for Institutes of Consecrated Life

and Societies of Apostolic Life, Pontifical Council for the Family,

and Commission for Latin America.

On the death of Pope John Paul II, Bergoglio was consid-

ered one of the papabile cardinals. He participated as a cardi-

nal elector in the 2005 papal conclave that selected Pope Ben-

edict XVI. La Stampa reported that Bergoglio was in close con-

tention with Ratzinger during the election, until he made an

emotional plea that the cardinals should not vote for him. Earli-

er, he had participated in the funeral of Pope John Paul II and

acted as a regent alongside the College of Cardinals, govern-

ing the Holy See and the Roman Catholic Church during the in-

terregnum sede vacante period.

I n 1967, Bergoglio finished his theological studies and was ordained to the priesthood on 13 December 1969, by Archbish-

op Ramón José Castellano. He attended the Facultades de Filosofía y Teología de San Miguel (Philosophical and Theo-

logical Faculty of San Miguel). a seminary in San Miguel, Buenos Aires province. Bergoglio attained the position of novice

master there and became professor of theology.

The Society of Jesus promoted Bergoglio and he served as provincial for Argentina from 1973 to 1979. He was trans-

ferred in 1980 to become the rector of the seminary in San Miguel, and served in that capacity until 1986. He worked on a

doctoral dissertation at Sankt Georgen in Germany and returned to Argentina to serve as confessor and spiritual director in

Córdoba.

Bergoglio was named Auxiliary Bishop of Buenos Aires in 1992 and was ordained on 27 June 1992 as Titular Bishop of

Auca, with His Eminence, Antonio Cardinal Quarracino, Archbishop of Buenos Aires, serving as principal consecrator. Ber-

goglio succeeded Cardinal Quarracino as Archbishop of Buenos Aires on February 28, 1998 and was concurrently named

ordinary for Eastern Catholics in Argentina, who had lacked their own prelate.

At the consistory of February 21, 2001, Archbishop Bergoglio was created a cardinal by Pope John Paul II with the title

of cardinal-priest of San Roberto Bellarmino. As cardinal, Bergoglio was appointed to five administrative positions in the Ro-

man Curia: Congregations for the Clergy, Divine Worship and Discipline of the Sacraments, for Institutes of Consecrated Life

and Societies of Apostolic Life, Pontifical Council for the Family, and Commission for Latin America.

On the death of Pope John Paul II, Bergoglio was considered one of the papabile cardinals. He participated as a car-

dinal elector in the 2005 papal conclave that selected Pope Benedict XVI. La Stampa reported that Bergoglio was in close

contention with Ratzinger during the election, until he made an emotional plea that the cardinals should not vote for him.

Earlier, he had participated in the funeral of Pope John Paul II and acted as a regent alongside the College of Cardinals,

governing the Holy See and the Roman Catholic Church during the interregnum sede vacante period.

BG: The big clock at the Vatican, depicting time of result of new

Pope election trial. From Top to Bottom Inset: White Smoke gush-

es out from the sacred Sistine Chapel, signifying newly elected

Pope,; Jorge Mario Bergoglio, now Pope Francis I, greets the

crowd at the balcony as a the new head of the Roman Catholic

church.

NAME “FRANCIS”

Vatican deputy spokesman Thomas Rosica said the

same day that the new pontiff had chosen the name in honor

of Saint Francis of Assisi, and had done so because the new

pontiff was a lover of the poor. Cardinal Timothy Dolan, a par-

ticipant in the proceedings of the Conclave, confirmed that

the new Pope said, "I choose the name Francis, in honor of

Saint Francis of Assisi". Some of those not initially aware of the

statement made by the new Pope in the Conclave mistakenly

believed that, as a Jesuit, he chose Francis in recognition of

Francis Xavier.

On the day of his election, the Vatican clarified that his

official papal name was Francis, not "Francis I". A Vatican

spokesman said that the name would become Francis I if and

when there is a Francis II.

His choice of the name "Francis" marked the first time in

papal history that this name had been used and the first time

since Pope Lando's brief 913 reign that a serving pope held a

name unused by a predecessor; enthroned in 1978, Pope

John Paul I took a new combination of names, but he chose

his names in honour of his two immediate predecessors, John

XXIII and Paul VI.

Bergoglio is the first Jesuit chosen to be pope. He is also

the first pope from South America, the Americas, the New

World, and the Southern Hemisphere. He is the first pope from

outside Europe in 1,272 years. The previous non-European

pope, St. Gregory III, was born in Syria and reigned from 731 to

741.

FRANCIS’ POSITION ON THE CHURCH’S ISSUES

During a 48-hour public servant strike in Buenos Aires,

Argentina, Bergoglio observed the differences between "poor

people who are persecuted for demanding work, and rich

people who are applauded for fleeing from justice". During a

May 2010 speech in Argentina regarding the poor, he di-

rected his message to the wealthy by saying: "You avoid tak-

ing into account the poor. We have no right to duck down, to

lower the arms carried by those in despair. We must reclaim

the memory of our country who has a mother, recover the

memory of our Mother".

In 2007, Bergoglio denounced what he characterized

as a cultural tolerance of child abuse and "discarding of the

elderly". He spoke strongly against the abuse of children as

"demographic terrorism" and decried their exploitation.

"Children are mistreated, and are not educated or fed. Many

are made into prostitutes and exploited" and against a

"culture of discarding" the elderly and treating them as if they

are disposable and worthless due to their advanced age.

Bergoglio has also encouraged his clergy and laity to

oppose both abortion and euthanasia, describing the pro-

choice movement as a "culture of death", and had opposed

the free distribution of contraceptives in Argentina.

"We hope that legislators, heads of government, and

health professionals, conscious of the dignity of human life

and of the rootedness of the family in our peoples, will defend

and protect it from the abominable crimes of abortion and

euthanasia; that is their responsibility ... We should commit our-

selves to 'eucharistic coherence', that is, we should be con-

scious that people cannot receive Holy Communion and at

the same time act or speak against the commandments, in

particular when abortion, euthanasia, and other serious

crimes against life and family are facilitated. This responsibility

applies particularly to legislators, governors, and health pro-

fessionals." Jorge Mario Cardinal Bergoglio in Buenas Aires giv-

ing seminar on Eucharistic Responsibility.

Bergoglio has affirmed church teaching on homosexu-

ality specifically that homosexual actions are immoral. He op-

poses same-sex marriage, and unsuccessfully opposed legisla-

tion introduced in 2010 to legalize same-sex marriage in Ar-

gentina, calling it a "real and dire anthropological throw-

back".

Pope Francis, the new pope of the Catholic Church,

needs the Church to a loving brotherhood, that after a long

wait, there he is, initiating that brotherhood through humility

and simplicity.

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