shea, green, and smith, living democracy, second editioncopyright 2009 pearson longman chapter 12...
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Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second EditionCopyright 2009 Pearson Longman Chapter 12 Special Topic: The Development of American Activism The First Amendment Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. Constitutional Foundations The First Amendment allows for the right of assembly, an important basis for activism.TRANSCRIPT
Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 12 Special Topic: The Development of American Activism
The Right to RevoltJohn Locke argued
that certain rights cannot be taken away.
Jefferson based the Declaration on this premise, and further argued that resistance is justified when rights are curtailed.
American Activism and Protest
Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 12 Special Topic: The Development of American Activism
In 1765, the Sons of Liberty organized in resistance to the Stamp Act.
They held rallies, sponsored “committees of correspondence,” and recruited community leaders to their cause.
Pathways of Action: The Sons of Liberty
Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 12 Special Topic: The Development of American Activism
The First Amendment
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the
free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress
of grievances.
Constitutional Foundations
The First Amendment allows for the right of assembly, an important basis for activism.
Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 12 Special Topic: The Development of American Activism
“The liberty of association has become a necessary guarantee against the tyranny of the majority….There are no countries in which associations are more needed, to prevent the despotism of faction or the arbitrary power of the prince, than those which are democratically constituted.”
Alexis de Tocqueville, 1835
American Activism and Protest
Toqueville stressed the importance of the right to assembly.
Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 12 Special Topic: The Development of American Activism
ProhibitionThe Prohibition Movement
Although Prohibition came to a head in the early 1900s, it was one of the earliest
movements in American history.Roots in early 1800s
Women’s Christian Temperance Union founded 1874. Women were leaders in this movement, and gained experience in political culture.
Eighteenth Amendment, 1919 (Repealed by Twenty-First Amendment)
Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 12 Special Topic: The Development of American Activism
Abolition
Centralized organization with 2,000 chaptersUsed the media and lectures to popularize the strugglePetitions to CongressThe Underground Railroad was a peaceful means used.John Brown led raids and hoped to start a revolution.The movement was disbanded with ratification of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.The movement gave crucial experience to activists hoping to achieve women’s suffrage and prohibition.
Various forms of activism developed in the struggle for the abolition of
slavery.
Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 12 Special Topic: The Development of American Activism
The Women’s Rights Movement: The First WaveGaining SuffrageEarly activists for
women’s rights were also part of the fight for abolition.Suspended during the Civil WarTurned into a mass movement after 1910Used national and international organizations, lecture tours, protests, and the courtsNineteenth Amendment ratified in 1920
Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 12 Special Topic: The Development of American Activism
Labor Unions
The Rise of Labor Unions
Used the advantage of numbers to gain concessions
American Federation of Labor, 1886
AFL and other unions won the right to organize under the Clayton Act, 1914 Child Textile
Workers in Philadelphia
Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 12 Special Topic: The Development of American Activism
Antiwar movement began in the 1950s
After 1965, new groups protesting the war in Vietnam
Highest point of unrest since the Civil War
Vietnam and the Antiwar Movement
Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 12 Special Topic: The Development of American Activism
New goals after gaining the right to vote
Workplace discrimination a major issue
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Equal Rights Amendment never ratified
The Women’s Rights Movement: The Second Wave
Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter Twelve Special Topic: The Development of American Activism
Pathways Profile: A. Philip Randolph (1889–1979)
In 1925, organized a labor union: the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
Organized the 1963 March on Washington
Shea, Green, and Smith, Living Democracy, Second Edition Copyright 2009 Pearson Longman
Chapter 12 Special Topic: The Development of American Activism
The Civil Rights Movement
Used the courts, passive resistance, marchesCivil Rights Act of 1957Voting Rights Act of 1965