sheffield heat mapping and feasibility study of...

Sheffield Heat Mapping and Feasibility Study of Decentralised Energy:

Identification and Impacts of the Potential Expansion of Sheffield’s Existing City-Wide District Energy Network

using GIS Heat Mapping

(July 2011)

Progress Report Prepared by: SUWIC, University of Sheffield

Researcher: Dr Karen Finney

Investigators: Professor Jim Swithenbank and

Professor Vida N Sharifi

Sheffield University Waste Incineration Centre (SUWIC)

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

University of Sheffield

All GIS maps contained within this report are reproduced from Ordinance Survey material with the permission of Ordinance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.

© Crown Copyright.

Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. 100018816. 2011

Sheffield’s District Energy Network Sheffield Progress Report – July 2011

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This investigation evaluates the existing city-wide district heating network in Sheffield and performs a feasibility study of possible expansions/extensions to this decentralised energy system through the generation of GIS (geographical information systems) heat maps. This initial report outlines the work carried out to date on this heat mapping study, noted against the deliverables in the initial brief. It then delineates the future plans and direction of the heat mapping project and decentralised energy feasibility study. This forms part of the EPSRC Thermal Management of Industrial Processes project, which involves various research tasks; this research and report form part of the outcomes for work package 4 on “novel technologies to increase the efficiency of using the low-grade thermal energy for district heating”, led by SUWIC, at the University of Sheffield.

Community-scale energy projects can have a variety of benefits. District heating schemes, for example, can provide cost-effective and often low-carbon energy to local populations, such as electricity, space heating in winter, space cooling in the summer and year-round hot/cold water. Electricity production can be combined with heat generating technologies through fuel cells, heat pumps or hybrid solar thermal/photovoltaic systems, to meet these energy requirements. Furthermore, co-/tri-generation technologies can be utilised, which recover the ‘waste’ process heat to improve overall plant efficiencies; this can also considerably reduce carbon dioxide emissions, even more so if the fuel source is classed as renewable or sustainable. Although the amount of district heating in the UK is currently low, many policies, including the Heat and Energy Saving Strategy and the Renewable Heat Incentive are aimed at increasing the amount of energy in general, and heat specifically, from such distributed sources of generation, specifically low-carbon options. This includes new installations, as well as extending and upgrading existing distributed energy systems. Sheffield currently has an award-winning city-wide district energy network that incorporates an extensive distribution network connected to a combined-heat-and-power energy recovery facility. The combustion of local non-recyclable municipal solid waste at this plant means that just a small fraction of local refuse goes to landfill. This facility generates up to 60 MW of thermal energy used in the district heating network and 21 MW of electrical energy for the National Grid. This work aimed to identify the expansion possibilities of Sheffield’s existing district energy system and assess the impacts of these, in terms of efficiency, environmental and socio-economic factors. Potential expansions to the existing system were identified using GIS, through the production of ‘heat maps’, which located both existing and emerging heat sources and heat sinks. The base mapping was completed first, where the city boundary, the energy recovery facility and the district energy network, as well as the local infrastructure were mapped. Layers for the different buildings types were also constructed, including domestic, industrial, commercial, governmental, educational, leisure and hospitals layers. Subsequently, different heat sink and heat source map layers were composed for the various building types. The core output from this section was a series of interactive GIS ‘heat source maps’ and ‘heat sink maps’ – one for each building type. These heat sources and sinks could be integrated into an expansion of the existing network to be potential suppliers and end-users of the thermal energy. Each of these was subcategorised.


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Firstly, the heat sources were divided into current/existing heat sources and emerging/future heat sources. The primary heat source fits into the latter of these classifications – the proposed E.ON biomass power station at Blackburn Meadows; whilst the thermal capacity of this is envisaged to be in the region of 5-10 MW at present, through further discussions with E.ON, it is hoped that this can be increased significantly, thus allowing more heat to be delivered to a network expansion and more heat sinks to be incorporated into the district energy system. The current/existing heat sources mainly consist of steelworks, which are located in close proximity to the E.ON facility; these have a considerable amount of waste heat that could also be utilised. All heat sources identified could supply an additional 6-11 MW to the network. The main heat sinks identified so far include educational, council, leisure and health care buildings, in addition to the industrial/commercial hubs of the city, such as the Upper and Lower Don Valleys. The heat sinks were also subcategorised – into current/existing heat sinks and emerging/future heat sinks. Data concerning the energy usage in 157 existing buildings has been collected, which have a significant total heat load, in the region of 34 MW. Existing residential areas, particularly those with a high population density have also been identified as having significant heat loads. The residential ‘new builds’ were found to be a potentially large emerging heat sink. There are 26 new domestic development areas throughout the city, which will have around 1500 new homes; the estimated heat load for these has been calculated to be in excess of 10 MW. Another residential development just over the border in Rotherham will have around 4000 new homes, which could have a heat load of around 25 MW. The current/existing heat sinks coupled with the large quantity of residential ‘new builds’ have a total heat load of ~70 MW. A number of additional buildings that may be significant heat sources or sinks have also been identified and data is now being sought for these; around 500 further heat sources or sinks could be identified through this, including a range of commercial, industrial, educational, council, leisure and health care buildings. Although this heat mapping exercise is yet to be completed, a number of areas can already be identified where an expansion to the existing network would be possible. These match closely the development areas delineated in Sheffield’s Economic Masterplan. The main areas are the Sheffield-Rotherham Don Valley, which includes the Upper and Lower Don Valleys, extending across the Sheffield City Council boundary into Rotherham and incorporating both Waverley and Tinsley. The area surrounding the Northern General Hospital could also be a prime target for an expansion of the network. Furthermore, there could also be expansion possibilities in the Sheaf Valley, the area around Collegiate Campus, Sheffield Hallam University and in Mosborough/Beighton. Future work to complete this investigation will include linking the current and emerging heat sources and sinks that have been identified to outline areas where: (i) an extension is possible, (ii) there is a potential for a series of smaller networks, (iii) energy centres could be located and (iv) if links between networks can be established. The most promising developments will then be priority rated. Environmental and economic impact assessments will be conducted for these. The former will incorporate an evaluation of the potential carbon savings and the effects of responding to changes in demand, in addition to how using renewable sources can further decarbonise the energy supply. The economic assessment will outline the financial savings and identify potential sources of funding. Barriers to developing district energy networks will also be outlined and ways to overcome these will be reviewed. Lastly, a business plan for investment in a network expansion will be outlined, relating to each of the other deliverables.


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CONTENTS

Executive Summary i Contents iii Lists of Tables and Figures v Abbreviations and Nomenclature vi Acknowledgements vii

1. INTRODUCTION

1

2. BACKGROUND

3

2.1 District Heating Legislation 3

2.2 Brief Overview of District Heating in the UK 4

2.3 District Heating in Sheffield 5 2.3.1 The Existing District Energy Network 5 2.3.2 Reasons for Expanding the Existing District Energy Network 11

3. SCOPE OF WORK AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

14

3.1 Study Area 14

3.2 Scope of the Work and the Deliverables 16

3.3 Research Objectives 17

4. GIS MODELLING TECHNIQUES AND RESULTS

18

4.1 Producing the Base Map 18 4.1.1 The Energy Recovery Facility and Existing District Energy Network 18 4.1.2 Locations of Infrastructure and Different Building Types 24 4.1.3 Narrowing the Target Area 38

4.2 Heat Mapping Part 1: Locating Heat Sources – Potential Suppliers 39 4.2.1 Locations of Existing/Current Heat Sources 39 4.2.2 Locations of Emerging/Future Heat Sources 40

4.3 Heat Mapping Part 2: Locating Heat Sinks – Potential End-Users 43 4.3.1 Locations of Existing/Current Heat Sinks 43 4.3.2 Locations of Emerging/Future Heat Sinks 51

4.4 Linking Heat Sources and Heat Sinks and the Preliminary Identification of Potential Network Expansions

55


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5. INTERIM PROJECT CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK

56

5.1 Interim Project Conclusions 56

5.2 Future Work 58

6. REFERENCES

60

7. APPENDICES

63

7.1 Appendix 1: List of Current District Energy Users 63

7.2 Appendix 2: List of Large Energy Users 66

7.3 Appendix 3: List of Other Buildings Where Data is Required 72

7.4 Appendix 4: Heat Loads for Industrial Sites 80

7.5 Appendix 5: Heat Loads for Commercial Sites 80

7.6 Appendix 6: Heat Loads for Educational Buildings 80

7.7 Appendix 7: Heat Loads for Leisure Areas 82

7.8 Appendix 8: Heat Loads for Health Care Facilities 83

7.9 Appendix 9: Heat Loads for Council/Government Buildings 83


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LISTS OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Table 1 Details of connections to the district energy network 11 Table 2 Renewable energy sources in and close to the city boundary 22 Table 3 Heat loads of the large energy users in and close to the city boundary 23 Table 4 Estimated heat demands for the most highly populated regions of the city 45 Table 5 Estimated heat demands for the new housing development areas 54

Figure 1 The key components of the district energy process 6 Figure 2 Overview of the processes occurring at the energy recovery facility 7 Figure 3 The energy production process and back-up systems 8 Figure 4 Average daily emissions released from the energy recovery facility 8 Figure 5 Overview of Sheffield’s district heating network 10 Figure 6 The study area encompassed by the Sheffield City Council boundary 15 Figure 7 Map identifying the ten main districts outlined in the briefing document 15 Figure 8 First GIS map, identifying the council boundary and district energy network 19 Figure 9 A detailed view of the heating network pipelines and end-users 20 Figure 10 GIS map layer – energy infrastructure 21 Figure 11 GIS map layer – transport infrastructure and watercourses 27 Figure 12 GIS map layer – location of domestic/residential buildings (PINK layer) 28 Figure 13 GIS map layer – location of industrial buildings (BLUE layer) 29 Figure 14 GIS map layer – location of commercial buildings (PURPLE layer) 30 Figure 15 GIS map layer – location of educational institutions (BLACK layer) 31 Figure 16 GIS map layer – location of leisure facilities (ORANGE and GREEN layer) 32 Figure 17 GIS map layer – location of hospitals/health care facilities (YELLOW layer) 33 Figure 18 GIS map layer – location of council/governmental buildings (INDIGO layer) 34 Figure 19 GIS map layer – locations of all building types 35 Figure 20 GIS map layer – the final base map 36 Figure 21 GIS map layer – close-ups of the city centre in the final base map 37 Figure 22 The narrowed target area, based on the initial base mapping 38 Figure 23 Heat map of existing/current heat sources – potential suppliers 39 Figure 24 Heat map of emerging/future heat sources – potential suppliers 40 Figure 25 E.ON’s proposed biomass-fuelled development for Blackburn Meadows 42 Figure 26 Heat demand from residential areas as a function of population density 44 Figure 27 Estimated heat loads of industrial buildings 48 Figure 28 Estimated heat loads of commercial sites throughout the city 48 Figure 29 Estimated heat loads of various educational buildings 49 Figure 30 Estimated heat loads for specific leisure areas 49 Figure 31 Estimated heat loads for specific health care facilities 50 Figure 32 Estimated heat loads for specific council/government buildings 50 Figure 33 Overview of new housing developments 51


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ABBREVIATIONS AND NOMENCLATURE

CCMP Sheffield’s City Centre Masterplan CHP Combined heat and power CHCP Combined heat, cooling and power ERF Energy recovery facility DEN District energy network GIS Geographical information systems GWP Global Warming Potential HESS Heat and Energy Saving Strategy NOx Oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2) RHI Renewable Heat Incentive SCC Sheffield City Council SDF Sheffield Development Framework SEM Sheffield Economic Masterplan SHU Sheffield Hallam University SOx Oxides of sulphur SUWIC Sheffield University Waste Incineration Centre TOC Total organic carbon UoS University of Sheffield


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors would like to thank the UK Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC Thermal Management of Industrial Processes Consortium) for their financial support of this project (grant reference: EP/G057133/1). Much gratitude also must go to our industrial partners for their technical support for this research programme. Many thanks go to Andy Nolan (Director of Sustainable Development), Simon White (Assistant Director of Regeneration) and Simon Ogden (City Development Manager) at Sheffield City Council. Additional thanks go to the GIS Policy and Research team at Sheffield City Council, especially Anne Tetley, Sándor Finta and Andi Walshaw for their help with the GIS modelling. Lastly, the authors would like to thank the following people for providing useful energy usage, heat load and/or waste heat data: ● David McPherson, Robert Almond and Lynn Mapley, Sheffield City Council ● Jon Lovibond, Janet Sharpe, Richard Hawson and Jill Hurst, Sheffield Homes ● Mark Hilton, Museums Sheffield ● Doreen Lee and John Hamshere, Sheffield Industrial Museums Trust ● Martin Crookes, Sheffield International Venues Ltd ● Vicky Hinchcliffe, Sheffield Forgemasters Ltd. ● Martin Simpson, Veolia Environmental Services Ltd. ● Ed Heath-Whyte, Andrew Douglass and Alan Rodgers, TATA Steel


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1. INTRODUCTION

This work was carried out to both identify the potential expansion opportunities to Sheffield’s extensive existing city-wide district energy network and assess the environmental and socio-economic impacts of these schemes. This report outlines the work conducted to date and delineates the future plans and direction of the heat mapping project and the feasibility study of decentralised/district energy networks in Sheffield. This forms part of an EPSRC-funded project, entitled Thermal Management of Industrial Processes. This research involves various research tasks; this is one of the outcomes for work package 4, investigating “novel technologies to increase the efficiency of using the low-grade thermal energy for district heating”. Sheffield, located in South Yorkshire, is England’s fourth largest metropolitan area, with a population of almost 550,000. It is also the main city in the southern part of the Yorkshire and Humber regional economy. The city has a strong and diverse economy, including high-technology manufacturing, business services, creative and digital industries, together with significant public service employment. The city also benefits from two large universities and five teaching hospitals. The City of Opportunity vision for Sheffield is to be a modern, vibrant, green

city where people choose to live, invest and work. The city also has a Carbon Reduction Framework vision for 2020: “we want Sheffield to be renowned as a thriving, low carbon city where residents and businesses can and will take actions to reduce their own carbon emissions and are involved in combating harmful climate change in the city and beyond”. A number of documents on sustainable local growth and development set the context for this project; these include Sheffield’s Economic Masterplan, Sheffield’s Development Framework, the City Centre Masterplan 2008 and specific Sheffield City Council spatial planning policies. Sheffield’s Economic Masterplan (SEM) aims to transform the local economy is a single generation through providing investment opportunities within the whole city. This is an ambitious programme, which attempts to make a step change in the prosperity of Sheffield [1]. Sheffield’s Development Framework (SDF) is a collection of documents aimed at aiding the delivery of specific council spatial planning policies. This portfolio covers the whole of the Sheffield District, but not the Peak District [2]. There are also a number of specific Sheffield City Council policies, namely the Core Strategy, from within the SDF [3]. The City Centre Masterplan 2008 (CCMP) builds on the previous CCMP of 2000; it looks towards progress over the next 15 years and identifies the stages of development and transformation in the city [4]. Within this, one of the key projects/programmes listed is ‘Sustainable Sheffield’ – related to the SDF – which creates the conditions for sustainable growth and integrates sustainable development [5]. As stated above, Sheffield already has an extensive city-wide district energy network. This is owned by Sheffield City Council and operated under a contract with Veolia Environmental Services. There is much governmental legislation, both national and international policies that aim to increase the amount of energy generated from decentralised sources, such as district


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energy networks, since these tend to have a reduced environmental impact when compared to large-scale, centralised energy generation. In addition to this, both the EU and UK governments demand increasing levels of action to reduce the environmental impact of the commercial and domestic property sectors (for example, NI 186, one of the Department of Energy and Climate Change National Indicators, this one for the per capita reduction in carbon dioxide emissions). This works together with the targets concerning the need to adapt to anticipated climate change, which increases the need for a sustainable and secure means of generating and distributing energy. The provision of heat and energy to communal and social housing also leads to benefits for deprived residents, addressing both fuel poverty and health issues. The reduction in carbon emissions from buildings that would accrue from a more sustainable energy source would help to address these local and national emission reduction targets. A more extensive decentralised energy infrastructure would assist with the flexibility and future-proofing energy provision for Sheffield, together with carbon dioxide emissions reductions and a decrease in local atmospheric pollutants. A major study into the energy infrastructure that would be needed to accommodate the development and growth anticipated in the above-described SEM and SDF documents has recently been completed. The Sheffield Energy and Water Infrastructure Strategy has indicated that there is an opportunity to extend the existing district heating system or expand it to incorporate other decentralised energy sources, establishing a wider network across the city centre. This would be capable of delivering low-carbon heating, cooling and electricity to other areas of the city - including a variety of building types and energy users, both existing and emerging. Although the existing city-wide district energy network, which consists of an extensive community heating programme, does much to achieve these goals, there is still room for improvement, since the current network pipelines only cover a relatively small area within the Sheffield City Council boundary. This report by SUWIC outlines the preliminary results of the investigation so far into the possibility of expansions to the current distributed energy network – in terms of extensions to this system and new pipeline networks to different areas of the city where there is a significant heat demand. At this stage of the investigation, areas of existing and emerging energy demand (sinks) and energy supply (sources) have been identified through GIS (geographical information systems) heat mapping; data has been obtained for around 200 sites across the city. Based on the locations of these, key areas can already be outlined where the addition of a district energy network may prove both feasible and beneficial. The environmental and economic impacts of these potential decentralised systems will consequently be assessed. This report contains the following four sections. In Section 2, the background to this topic is overviewed, including an introduction to district heating legislation and a summary of district heating in the UK, followed by a specific consideration of the existing district energy network in Sheffield. The many reasons for expanding and/or extending this district energy network are also outlined here. Section 3 delineates the scope of the work, the fifteen deliverables (those that have already been achieved and those that will be accomplished when the final report is submitted) and the key research objectives; this includes the identification of the primary study/target area. The main outcomes of this research is contained within Section 4, which currently consists of the base maps (mapping the current district energy infrastructure and building type identification) and the preliminary construction of the heat maps (sources and sinks). There is also an initial identification of potential district energy network expansion and extension sites, outlining the chief heat sources and sinks in these areas. Lastly, Section 5 outlines the interim conclusions to date and the future work for this project.


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2. BACKGROUND

District and community heating schemes can have a range of benefits. Firstly, the technologies utilised, such as cogeneration/trigeneration, fuel cells, heat pumps or hybrid solar thermal/photovoltaic systems, generally make use of ‘waste’ process heat. This means they can operate at higher efficiencies and thus more energy can be recovered from the fuel; this in turn decreases both fuel consumption and pollutant generation for the same amount of energy output and consequently helps achieve CO2 emission reduction targets and aids resource conservation. This is particularly true if renewable or sustainable fuels, like biomass or wastes are used. Secondly, such systems are able to provide cost-effective energy to local populations, in terms of electricity, space heating in winter, space cooling in the summer and year-round hot/cold water. Due to the higher efficiencies, the often lower environmental impacts and the customer benefits, increasing the amount of heat generated from distributed energy, namely district heating, can be both a sustainable and secure means of meeting the ever-increasing heat demand. There are however disadvantages to such schemes. The main contentious issue is that a heat distribution network is needed to dispense and deliver energy from the source to the end-users. Not only can the installation be expensive, but it is also often difficult to retrofit into existing homes or buildings. Laying the pipelines at the same time as other infrastructure (roads, etc.) can minimise disruption, as can installing the technologies (individual heat exchangers) during the construction phase of new homes. These barriers will be considered in greater depth in the final report.

2.1 District Heating Legislation

There are many legislative policies that regulate energy generation, such as the targets for sustainable/renewable energy production; related to these are the climate change regulations (CO2 emission reductions), which often have similar goals, or at least the same means of achieving their outcomes. District heating, one form of decentralised energy, is regulated by several policies: the Community Energy Saving Programme, many EC and UK Energy White Papers, the Renewable Energy Strategy, the Renewable Heat Incentive and the Heat and Energy Saving Strategy, as briefly overviewed below. In general, these policies aim to support distributed energy (including district heating networks) and their development, deployment, extensions and upgrading/improvements through specific government authorities and the provision of financial incentives, such as ‘clean energy cash-backs’. The government target is to achieve at least 10,000 MWe of ‘good quality’ combined heat and power (CHP) capacity by 2010 [6]. There have been a series of Energy White Papers published by the EC and UK, namely the 1997 EC paper ‘Energy for the Future: Renewable Sources of Energy, White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan’ [7], the 2003 UK paper entitled ‘Our Energy Future – Creating a Low Carbon Economy’ [8] and the 2007 UK paper ‘Meeting the Energy Challenge’ [9]. These state that


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district heating needs to be promoted, especially when fuelled by local resources, which can promote the use of renewable fuels, by using co-firing or biomass alternatives, like waste, as is the case in Sheffield. Using fewer carbon-intensive generation techniques and district heating technologies that increase energy efficiency can significantly decarbonise heat generation. It is important to capitalise on such schemes, most noticeably where the less carbon-intensive energy generation techniques can also have considerable financial benefits. The 2008 Community Energy Saving Programme aims to lower energy/fuel bills for those in areas of low income, specifically by improving energy efficiency [10,11]. In some cases, this may result in the implementation of, connection to, upgrading and/or improvement of a district heating scheme. Annual household bill savings in the region of £900 can be achieved if a community CHP system replaces electrical heating; this would also result in individual lifetime CO2 savings in excess of 90 tonnes. One of the four key measures in the UK Renewable Energy Strategy of 2009 is the introduction of a ‘clean energy cash-back’ for households, industries, businesses and communities that generate renewable heat and small-scale clean electricity; this aims to support distributed and community-based power, including the use of district heating networks [12]. The remaining two regulations, the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) and the Heat and Energy Saving Strategy (HESS) will be introduced within the next few years. RHI offers financial support for the installation of a variety of renewable heat technologies, such as district heating schemes [13,14]. Various monetary support levels are offered for different scales of heat production and also for a range of heat generating technologies, such as solar thermal, solid biomass combustion and ground-/air-source heat pumps. HESS is currently under consultation, but a key policy proposal is the focus on district heating in suitable communities [15]. This policy aims to identify communities where district heating can be economically-viable – namely where the heat density is great enough (>3000 kW/km2). In these areas, it is thought that a 6+% return on investment could be achieved. In the UK, if district heating was utilised in all the areas with a high heat density, this would account for around 5.5m properties and contribute about 20% of the overall heat demand. Large, high-efficiency natural gas-fired cogeneration district heating schemes would result in annual CO2 savings in the region of 9.8m tonnes; replacing the natural gas with biomass could further minimise CO2 emissions, saving up to 19.3m tonnes of CO2 annually. The use of waste would also result in CO2 savings compared to gas.

2.2 Brief Overview of District Heating in the UK

The amount of decentralised energy generated in the UK is low, especially when the amount of CHP district heating is compared to other countries. More than 3,000 towns and cities across Europe operate such systems, including Paris and Vienna, but the UK is somewhat behind, since there are just a handful of schemes currently in operation here. Toke and Fragaki [16] stated that the use of cogeneration and district heating here is negligible, even though the potential is vast and there are a range of benefits, in addition to specific government targets, as considered above. Only 9% of UK electricity was cogenerated in 2005, mostly in industry, but the government has estimated that the potential for CHP-district heating could be 21.5 GWe [16]. The Netherlands has the highest CHP electricity generation share in Europe, with 95%, followed by Denmark and Finland with 72% and 73% respectively.


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Toke and Fragaki [16] also comment that UK CHP district heating plants tend to suit the minimum winter heat demand, where little electricity is exported to the national grid; moreover, many district heating schemes are not used in the summer, resulting in low overall capacity factors, often ~30%. In addition, there are only a few CHP district heating schemes with thermal storage. Changes to planning practice and policies in the UK, which has one of the most developed and liberalised electricity markets, may help CHP schemes and those associated with district heating. The major factors inhibiting expansions to district heating are: the poor rates that electricity gets selling power to the grid; it can be expensive for small generators to obtain connections to the electricity grid; and the absence of strong planning rules favouring this strategy [16]. More recently, Kelly and Pollitt [17] considered additional economic barriers to CHP district heating developments. Although in the long-term, district heating can be competitive with other energy supplies and distribution technologies, in the short-/medium-term, the economic risks, regulatory uncertainties and ‘lock-in’ of existing technologies can considerably restrain such developments. The low capacity of CHP district heating in the UK was also evaluated; this paper reports that CHP represents 6% of the UK’s power generating capacity, of which less than 2% is used in district and community heating schemes. In 1993, a target of 5 GW installed CHP capacity was set for 2000, which not achieved [17]. A further target of 10 GW of good quality installed CHP by the end of 2010 is unfortunately not likely to be achieved either.

2.3 District Heating in Sheffield

Sheffield already has an extensive city-wide district energy system, incorporating a community heating network and electricity generation. The primary energy generation facility, located at Bernard Road near Sheffield city centre, and the pipe network are owned by Sheffield City Council and operated under a contract with Veolia Environmental Services. Veolia also operate five other energy recovery facilities in England (in Basingstoke, Southampton, Portsmouth, Birmingham and London). As mentioned previously, although this existing system provides a number of local benefits, the expansion of this network could further ensure that the future energy demand of Sheffield city is met from renewable and sustainable energy sources.

2.3.1 The Existing District Energy Network

The award-winning, extensive existing district energy network (DEN) in Sheffield consists of an energy recovery facility (ERF) at Bernard Road that operates on the CHP principle, which is connected to an underground pipeline network; these and the district energy process are overviewed in Figure 1. Established in 1988, this district energy network is not only the largest in the UK, but also the most successful [18]. The energy recovery facility combusts around 28 tonnes/hour (~225,000 tonnes/year) of local municipal solid waste from households, local authority services and some local businesses [18-20]. This generates up to 60 MW of thermal energy, used for district heating, and 21 MW of electrical energy, which is fed into the National Grid [21]. The processes that occur at the energy recovery facility are outlined in Figure 2. As shown, the hopper feeds the waste into the single incineration unit, where it is combusted at temperatures in excess of 850°C; gas-fired auxiliary burners ensure that this temperature is maintained [20]. Above the incinerator is the boiler where the superheated steam is generated, which drives the turbine, producing electricity for the National Grid and hot water for the district energy network; this energy production process is shown in Figure 3.


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Figure 1: The key components of the district energy process, showing the energy recovery

facility and the distribution network.

Source: Veolia Environmental Services (UK) Plc [19]

1 Residual waste from households (in wheeled bins in Sheffield) is collected and taken to the energy

recovery facility. 2 Heat is generated in the form of hot water and pumped through the city in a

network of underground pipes providing heat and hot water. 3 The electricity is used to power the energy recovery facility and other buildings on site. The majority is sold to the National Grid. 4 Gas and oil fired boilers provide over 100% backup to the network. 5 Homes, businesses, leisure facilities

and universities benefit from district energy. 6 Pumps re-circulate the water around the system.

The cooled flue gases then pass through the filter house to remove particulate matter (dust), which is then discarded, often to landfill with the bottom ash. Other pollutants are also removed from the flue gases to meet environmental legislation, namely the daily average emissions limits of the EC-wide Waste Incineration Directive (2000/76/EC); this limits the emissions of particulates/dust (10 mg/m3), hydrogen chloride (10 mg/m3), hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide (50 mg/m3), sulphur dioxide (50 mg/m3), oxides of nitrogen (both NO and NO2, collectively known as NOx – 200 mg/m3), heavy metals and dioxins from the incineration/co-incineration of both hazardous and non-hazardous waste [22]. NOx are minimised using urea and subsequently lime and activated carbon are used to remove additional acid gases (HCl, HF and SO2), heavy metals and other organic compounds, like dioxins. These gases can then be released to the atmosphere via the stack. Figure 4 shows the average daily emissions released from the Sheffield energy recovery facility for a four-year period as a percentage of the Waste Incineration Directive emission limits. All emissions comply with this directive and most emissions, particularly dust, total organic carbon (TOC) and CO are consistently well below the legislative guidelines (less than 35% of the relevant emissions limits). The solid residues – the bottom ash and flyash generated during combustion – are collected and taken to landfill after an electromagnet has separated any recoverable metal, which is recycled [20].


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Figure 2: Overview of the processes occurring in the energy recovery facility at Bernard Road, Sheffield.


1 Refuse from wheeled bins is brought to the energy recovery facility and is tipped into the waste storage bunker. 2 From the storage bunker the waste is

lifted and fed into a feed chute by overhead cranes at a rate of up to 28 tonnes each hour. 3 The feed chute delivers the waste onto the furnace grate where it is burned at temperatures in excess of 850°C. 4 Urea is injected to control levels of NOx. 5 Above the furnace is a large boiler where superheated steam is

generated. The steam is used to drive the turbine and produce hot water for the district energy network. 6 Lime and activated carbon is also introduced to

neutralise the acidity of the flue gas and to absorb other pollutants. 7 The cooled flue gases pass through a filter house where the particulates within the gases are removed by the filter bags. Any particulates collect in this process is then stored in a silo for separate disposal later. 8 Cleaned gases are then

released through the chimney. These gases are monitored to ensure they meet strict environmental legislation. 9 Particulates are removed by the filtering

process and are sent to a Veolia treatment plant where they are used to treat liquid wastes. 10 The steam turbine can generate up to 21 MW of electricity at

11,000 volts. Enough electricity is exported to power 22,600 homes. 11 Steam is used to produce hot water at up to 110°C, which is exported to provide energy

to over 140 buildings. 12 An electromagnetic overband separator removes metal from the ash. The metal is delivered to local companies for recycling. 13 Ash from the incineration process goes into a bunker and is then transferred into lorries after metals have been removed. The ash is then taken to landfill. Veolia

are looking at ways of recycling ash in the future.


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Figure 3: The energy production process, showing the integration of the back-up systems.


1 Energy from the process is recovered through the boiler and is then converted into electricity

and thermal energy. 2 Steam is put through a 21 MW turbine producing sufficient power to sell to

the National Grid and supply the buildings on site. 3 When the district energy system demands

more energy, steam is extracted from the turbine and is used to power district energy. 4 Heat is delivered to buildings in the form of hot water through a network of underground pipes. Energy is transferred to central heating systems via a heat exchanger located in the connected building.

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Figure 4: Graph of the average daily emissions released from the Sheffield energy recovery

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Data Source: Veolia Environmental Services (UK) Plc [23]


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This low-carbon energy from the local energy recovery facility is supported by several back-up facilities located throughout the city. There are three pre-heated stand-by/peaking boiler stations with a total capacity of 84.6 MW, which are always ready to come online; the integration of this back-up was shown in Figure 3. The boiler houses are located at Bernard Road (near the energy recovery facility, where the pipeline splits), Park Hill (on pipeline 1) and Newcastle Street (on pipeline 2 at the University of Sheffield) [18]. The underground pipeline extends to over 44 km and distributes the heat, in the form of ‘heating’ and hot water, for the district heating system throughout the city; this pipeline consists of 2 networks, which will be identified later in the GIS mapping section (map of the energy recovery facility and the existing district energy network, in Section 4.1.1) [18]:

1. Network 1 pipeline – approximately 12 km, which serves Castle College and high-rise council homes at Park Hill and Norfolk Park. Work on this pipeline started in 1988 and was the first part of the network to be developed (identified on Figure 5a to the south of Veolia’s energy-from-waste plant).

2. Network 2 pipeline – approximately 32 km, which supplies many public and commercial

developments in the city centre and to the North and West of the city, incorporating the university campuses and Weston Park Hospital (also identified on Figure 5a to the southwest of the Veolia plant). Work started on this branch of the pipeline network in 1990, with Phase 1 connecting many of the University of Sheffield buildings and Phase 2 beginning in 1994, incorporating many of the city centre buildings, such as the council facilities.

There are over 140 buildings served by this district heating network, including shops, offices, health facilities, both universities (the University of Sheffield, UoS, and Sheffield Hallam University, SHU) and a number of leisure facilities; these are listed in Appendix 1 (Section 7.1), with their estimated heat loads (in MW), where known. Additionally, almost 3000 residential environments across the city are also connected [18]. Around 120,000 MWh of heat is delivered to these buildings annually, which can prevent the release of ~21,000 tonnes of CO2 to the atmosphere. The pipeline network, the connected buildings and stand-by/peaking energy stations are outlined on the following city map (Figure 5). Veolia Environmental Services (UK) Plc [24] provide details of some of the buildings connected to the network; some connections are quite large, being provided with several MW of thermal energy from the network, whereas others are relatively small, requiring just a few hundred kW. The building types also vary widely, from university/college buildings and theatres, to local sports facilities, hotels and residential areas. One of main University of Sheffield complexes connected to the network is Firth Court; this large building has three separate connections, which have a combined capacity of almost 4 MW. Another University of Sheffield building connected to the network is the Octagon Centre. Ponds Forge International Sports Centre is a major business and sporting event venue, which also has a large thermal capacity of around 3.5 MW, which is acquired from the network. Other buildings have much lower thermal capacities, such as the Winter Gardens and the home of BBC Radio Sheffield, both considerably smaller than 1 MW. Sheffield City Hall has recently increased the capacity of the heat exchanger and upgraded the control system for its district heating. Table 1 below details the connected capacities of these buildings, as well as the total heat consumed and the CO2 mitigated since they were connected. Additional details of all the buildings connected to the district energy network can be found in Appendix 1 (Section 7.1 below).


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(a)

(b)

Figure 5: An overview of Sheffield’s district heating network and energy recovery facility, showing (a) the entire network and (b) the city centre. Figure 5a also identifies the energy

recovery facility (dark blue square) and three back-up boilers (blue circles).


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BUILDING CONNECTED

CAPACITY (MW) TOTAL HEAT

CONSUMED (kWh) MITIGATED CO2

(tonnes)

Firth Court, UoS ~4.0 21,000,000 ~4000

Octagon Centre, UoS ~1.5 5,000,000 1000

Ponds Forge 3.5 100,000,000 18,000

City Hall 0.37 13,000,000 2500

Western Park Hospital ~2.0 32,000,000 6000

Lyceum Theatre 1.2 14,000,000 2600

St. Paul’s Hotel 3.5 - 500/year

Winter Gardens 0.22 1,000,000 170

Showroom Cinema ~1.0 4,700,000 1000

BBC Radio Sheffield 0.15 2,000,000 300

Table 1: Details of various connections to the district energy network, including a range of building types and thermal capacity connection sizes.


2.3.2 Reasons for Expanding the Existing District Energy Network

Within the legislation of the 2007 UK Energy White Paper ‘Meeting the Energy Challenge’, introduced above, the Department of Energy and Climate Change outlined the four primary benefits of district heating: (i) heat is generated in close proximity to where it is used; (ii) the renewable heat technologies that are used currently require a distributed approach; (iii) district heating can provide reasonably-priced heat, which is a critical part of the fuel poverty agenda; and (iv) heat can easily be stored [9]. These, in addition to carbon savings and renewable energy targets, are the main reasons for investigating the potential expansion opportunities of the existing district energy network in Sheffield, as explained in more detail below. Providing a sustainable and secure means of generating/distributing energy and reducing carbon (CO2) emissions, particularly from heat generation, will not only be a means of promoting sustainable local growth and development as part of Sheffield’s Economic Masterplan, Sheffield’s Development Framework and the City Centre Masterplan 2008 programmes outlined above, but will also partially aid our attainment of Sheffield becoming a low-carbon city, under the Carbon Reduction Framework, also considered previously herein. In line with these local targets of carbon emissions reductions, renewable/sustainable energy generation and energy security, are the often highly ambitious national and international targets on these issues. The 2003 UK Energy White Paper ‘Our Energy Future – Creating a Low Carbon Economy’, also introduced above, outlines that the overall CO2 emissions reduction target for the UK is 60% (at a minimum, but it is hoped that an ambitious target of 80% or more can be achieved), to be achieved by 2050; interim targets of a 20% reduction by 2010 and a 26-32% reduction by 2020 have also been set [8].


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The 2002 Renewables Obligation Order set a target that 9.7% of national energy should be renewably generated by 2009-10 and 12% by the end of 2010 [25]. The 2009 UK Renewable Energy Strategy aims to expand and extend the goals of the earlier Renewables Obligation to ensure that 30% of electricity and 15% of total energy (including heat) comes from renewable sources by 2020 [12]. The Renewable Energy Strategy is one of many detailed documents published within the UK Low Carbon Transition Plan; this outlines that there should be a 34% cut in carbon emissions from 1990 levels by 2020 and at least 80% by 2050, conforming to the highly-ambitious targets set out in the 2003 UK Energy White Paper, discussed above [26]. These reductions need to come from the power sector, among others. Decentralised energy generation from renewable/sustainable sources, such heat and power generation from waste and other low-carbon energy sources (renewables and waste heat), can go a long way to help meet these objectives (Point 2 above). There are a range of obvious benefits to the expansion of the existing energy network. The first, as mentioned above, is increasing the amount of energy (both heat and power) generated from renewable and sustainable resources, that will help meet the outlined national and international legislation regarding renewable energy. Related to this is energy use minimisation – using heat meters, which are often installed in homes using district heating. Monitoring energy usage makes people more aware of their energy consumption, which in turn can lead to reductions in energy demand. This also encourages energy savings. Furthermore, this raises awareness of sustainable/renewable energy sources and technologies in general and may encourage the use of other forms of decentralised energy, for example, microgeneration. Secondly, there may be many environmental benefits. This can aid the achievement of carbon emission reduction targets, as considered above. There are several reasons why this type of energy generation is less carbon-intensive than more traditional large-scale, centralised power generation facilities that combust fossil fuels, like coal. Often, more than two thirds of the carbon in municipal solid waste is greenhouse gas-neutral (in some cases, 85% of the CO2 is bio-derived), thus there are much lower amounts of net CO2 emitted compared to coal [27]. Furthermore, co-/tri-generation – generating electricity coupled with the recovery of ‘waste’ heat for heating and cooling purposes – is much more efficient (often up to and exceeding 70%) than single ‘electricity-only’ generation, which rarely exceeds efficiencies of 40%; consequently more energy (heat plus electricity) can be gained/recovered per unit of CO2 emitted than single generation. Additionally, the use of local fuel resources, such as municipal solid waste, for energy production minimises the amount of fuel and therefore also the emissions generated from transportation; much coal used in UK power stations comes from overseas, namely South Africa and Australia, which have a significant transport carbon footprint. In decentralised schemes, heat and electricity are both produced where they are needed, a benefit outlined by Point 1 above, and furthermore, the heat can be stored for use at peak times (Point 4). There may, however, also be other environmental advantages, specifically concerned with the minimisation of waste going to landfill, if it is used for energy cogeneration instead. Landfill sites produce several emissions (in the form of ‘landfill gas’) that frequently have higher global warming potentials (GWP) than the CO2 produced from power generation; CH4 – methane – is just one of many gases produced in vast quantities from landfill sites and has a GWP 14 times greater than CO2. Reducing the amount of waste sent to landfill can reduce greenhouse emissions and in part mitigate the risk of global warming. There would also be less liquid effluent produced at these sites. Environmental aspects will be assessed in further detail for specific developments in the final report.


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Thirdly, there are socio-economic benefits. These may include reduced energy bills for householders or other users on the district heating network; this is integral for minimising fuel poverty, as outlined in Point 3 above. Furthermore, the economic benefits would also extend to the operators of such a system. Running a district heating network could be a profitable business, which could be further aided by the fact that there are a number of sources of funding and other financial support mechanisms for distributed energy generation, specifically district heating and in particular including those powered from renewable and sustainable energy sources, like municipal solid waste. The economics for both the operators and end-users will be evaluated in greater detail in the final report for specific developments. In addition to increasing the amount of energy produced from renewable/sustainable resources and the environmental and economic advantages of this, there are a number of other benefits that would be brought about by expansions to the existing district energy network. This may include: minimising municipal solid waste generation (currently 665 kg per household each year [28]); reducing the amount of the city’s waste that is sent to landfill (~9% [28]) through its greater utilisation; encouraging further household waste recycling and composting (~27.5% [28]); and fewer transmission losses for the local use of the energy generated. Lastly, this will set an excellent example for other UK cities and towns. Sheffield is unfortunately already in the minority for having one of only a few highly successful city-wide district heating networks, but the potential expansions, if the benefits are highly publicised, could lead the way for other similar developments across the UK. Most other EU countries, particularly the Scandinavian nations, utilise cogeneration and/or district heating extensively and it is time that the UK comes into line with the rest of Europe. The systems deployed in these major cities across the world (comprising many throughout Europe, the Americas and Japan), including Sheffield, are highly beneficial, bringing about the advantages described above. Sheffield therefore has a clear opportunity here to yet again be a ‘landmark’ or ‘beacon’ city for decentralised, and moreover sustainable energy generation.


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3. SCOPE OF WORK AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

This section introduces the area for study that was initially outlined in the heat map brief; as seen below in Section 4.1.3, this study area was later narrowed, based on the preliminary base mapping that was performed, to make it more specific. Secondly, this section overviews the scope of this research work and describes the deliverables identified in the initial brief. Lastly, the primary objectives of this research study are outlined, which broadly correspond with the deliverables.

3.1 Study Area

An initial study area was identified, which was the area enclosed within the Sheffield City Council boundary. The vast majority of housing, community facilities, commercial/industrial buildings and other infrastructure are located towards the eastern side of the city area and generally do not extend into the Peak District National Park, as shown in Figure 6; this is also the area contained in Sheffield’s Development Framework, introduced above in Section 1. Within this study area, there were a number of broad districts where the addition of a decentralised energy scheme may aid significant economic growth and/or deliver considerable environmental benefits. Ten main areas were documented in the initial heat map brief, which coincide with the development areas delineated in the Sheffield Economic Masterplan (also introduced in Section 1), as listed below and identified on Figure 7:

1. the City Centre

2. the City Centre fringe – including the Woodside/Burngreave, Wicker, Victoria Quays, Park Hill, Sky Edge, Claywood, Stadium/London Road, Ecclesall Road and Kelham Island areas

3. the University of Sheffield, Sheffield Hallam University and all Sheffield Hospitals

4. the Lower Don Valley

5. Blackburn Meadows and Meadowhall

6. Upper Don Valley

7. Sheaf Valley (outside of the City Centre and City Centre fringe)

8. Smithy Wood at M1 Junction 35

9. Tinsley Park, Tinsley Marshalling Yards and Sheffield Business Park (Europa Link area) at M1 Junction 34

10. Waverley at M1 Junction 33 – including the Advanced Manufacturing Park


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Figure 6: The physical study area encompassed by the Sheffield City Council boundary,

focusing on the city centre and surrounding area, within the eastern part of the boundary.

Source: Sheffield City Council [29]

Figure 7: Map identifying the ten main districts outlined in the briefing document, along with

the major areas located outside the boundary that should be included in the study.

Source: Creative Sheffield [30]


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In addition to this primary study area, it was also thought necessary to investigate specific discrete areas beyond the city boundary if they may directly affect heat loads. This included any major areas of heat demand and/or production within 5 km of the Sheffield City Council boundary that would have a major detrimental effect upon the heat mapping exercise if it was to be excluded. The areas included extend out of the city boundary from Waverley and the Lower Don Valley (east towards Rotherham); these were also identified on Figure 7.

3.2 Scope of the Work and the Deliverables

The scope of this work carried out by SUWIC was primarily to generate GIS-based heat maps that contain relevant information regarding the current and potential/emerging concentrations of heating and cooling demand in the city. Along side these maps for demand, potential sources of supply were to be mapped. These could then both be used to identify areas where an extension to the existing network or a new decentralised energy scheme may be beneficial – by linking areas of demand to areas where there are sources. For each of these, separate GIS layers were constructed for different building types, including domestic, industrial, commercial, governmental, educational, leisure and hospitals/health care. These also contributed to a total, overall layer for each map type. This work had fifteen deliverables, which can be summarised as follows:

1. Produce GIS-based heat maps to display both existing and emerging heat/cooling sources and sinks, which could be linked to the existing district energy network or an extension to the existing district energy network – a different GIS layer should be constructed for each different building type.

2. Identify and locate potential energy suppliers that may be able to feed-in to a district energy network.

3. Identify and locate potential customers who could be provided with heating, cooling and/or electrical energy from a district energy network.

4. Identify the potential for expansion and/or rationalisation of the existing district heating network to serve the above heating and cooling loads.

5. Identify the potential for the provision of a series of smaller networks and/or linkages between networks.

6. Identify alternative suitable locations for energy centres or a district energy network, including the associated infrastructure and land requirements.

7. Appraise the technical and practical cases for the most promising developments using an agreed measurement/matrix for up to ten potential district energy schemes, resulting in a suggested priority rating for implementation.

8. Consider options for phased development of a heat main linking a number of the potential schemes identified above, to form the initial phases of a city-wide heat network.

9. Identify major barriers to the development of a city-wide heat network.

10. Identify the potential CO2 savings that could accrue from the above decentralised energy networks relative to the conventional grid-supplied energy business-as-usual scenario.


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11. Estimate the potential financial savings that may be made by customers compared to the traditional grid connected supply.

12. Examine the potential impact of balancing a decentralised energy network between heating/cooling and electricity generation in response to changing demand and the effects upon the district energy network and the carbon savings achieved.

13. Consideration and provision of examples of how to “decarbonise” and adjust to the market prices of fuel the provision of a decentralised energy network by the use of alternative renewable fuel sources through the life of these schemes. Such technologies could include:- biomass wood chips, biomass anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, energy-from-waste, hydrogen fuel cells, solar, geothermal and any source of low grade heat.

14. Identify sources of potential funding for decentralised energy schemes.

15. Set out the business case for investment in the further development of a city-wide heat network and quantify the potential carbon savings on an area-wide basis – this final deliverable will include a report that meets the above objectives, together with presentation of the main outcomes of the study to both public and private sector stakeholders at relevant meetings/events.

Each of these 15 deliverables has already or will be achieved, as identified throughout this document – either in the work conducted to date (in Section 4 below) or in the future plans (see Section 5.2).

3.3 Research Objectives

The primary objectives of this research study were: (i) to produce a base map consisting of the existing district energy network and the locations of different building types using GIS; (ii) to produce heat maps for heat/cooling sources and sinks within the target area; (iii) to link these heat sources and heat sinks to identify areas where an extension to the existing district heating network or a new decentralised energy network may be possible; (iv) to assess the benefits of these potential expansions, in terms of their environmental impacts and contribution to economic growth; and (v) to delineate the barriers to district energy networks. These broad objectives relate to the deliverables identified above.


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4. GIS MODELLING TECHNIQUES AND RESULTS

GIS (geographical information systems) software is a tool for the management and analysis of spatial data; the computer programmes utilised are able to collect, store, manage, map and display geographical data efficiently, adding value to this information in the form of a digital map, which can then be used for decision-making purposes [31]. In this case, ESRI ArcGIS software (ArcMap Version 9.3.1) was used to produce the heat maps and achieve the above objectives; data from within Sheffield City Council’s ArcCatalog, in addition to information collected from various sources (companies, organisations, specific buildings, etc.), were utilised to generate the following maps.

4.1 Producing the Base Map

The first component of the base map to be established was the Sheffield City Council Boundary. Once this was achieved, the energy recovery facility and existing district energy network could then be mapped, along with all the infrastructure and buildings of different types located within the pre-defined target area. These could be utilised as a basis for the additional GIS heat mapping activities, locating the existing and potential heat and cooling loads and sources within the city.

4.1.1 The Energy Recovery Facility and Existing District Energy Network

The energy recovery facility at Bernard Road, detailed in Section 2.3.1 above, the existing Veolia district heating network and the district energy/heating users were all identified and mapped (Figure 8); they are enclosed by the Sheffield City Council Boundary, also shown on this initial map layer. The energy recovery facility and district energy users were mapped as points, whereas the district heating network pipelines were mapped as lines. These are shown closer up in Figure 9, which more clearly identifies that the district energy users surround the pipelines network, as expected. The energy recovery facility and its associated distribution network are located in and around the city centre, in the eastern part of the wider city area. As shown, the existing district energy network does not cover much of the city (in fact, only a small proportion), therefore there is clear potential for expansions to incorporate a much larger proportion, utilising additional energy sources and providing heat to more users within the city and beyond. Furthermore, as shown on Figure 8, the energy recovery facility is not located within the centre of the current district energy network (all network pipelines extend to the south and west of the energy recovery facility), thus there are potential expansion opportunities to both the north and east of the existing network.

Sheffield District Energy Network Sheffield Progress Report – July 2011

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Figure 8: The first initial GIS map layer, identifying the Sheffield City Council Boundary, the energy recovery facility and the district heating network –

including both the network pipelines and the user of the heat supplied by these.

© Crown Copyright.


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Figure 9: A more detailed view of the existing energy recovery facility (blue point) and the

district heating network (red lines for the pipelines and black dots for the energy users). The two network pipelines are identified (see Section 2.3.1).

An additional map, Figure 10, shown on the following page, was then constructed to locate the proposed E.ON biomass power station at Blackburn Meadows, near Tinsley (which is considered in much greater detail in Section 4.2.1 below), in relation to the existing district energy network. Furthermore, the renewable energy sources (those that are currently in use) and the numerous large energy users, both within and in close proximity to the city council boundary, were also mapped here. There were several renewable energy sources identified, shown as points (represented as purple triangles) on Figure 10. Many of the 183 renewable energy sources, however, were a significant distance from the city boundary and are thus not included on Figure 10. A number of these were nevertheless located within the target area, including the existing energy-from-waste facility (energy recovery facility and its district energy network) and the proposed biomass power plant at Blackburn Meadows. There are 15 renewable energy sources within and in close proximity to the boundary (within 5 km); these are listed below in Table 2, along with their fuel/energy source and current electrical and/or thermal capacities. As seen, several of these operate on the CHP combustion principle, producing both heat and electricity. The fuel sources used include municipal solid waste (in the energy recovery facility), dedicated solid biomass and landfill gas. It may be possible to link or integrate one or more of these into a potential expansion of the network, particularly as many of these renewable energy sources incorporate the technologies identified in Deliverable 13 for energy decarbonisation.

NETWORK 1 PIPELINE

NETWORK 2 PIPELINE

© Crown Copyright.


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Figure 10: The second initial GIS map layer, identifying the energy infrastructure – the proposed biomass power station, the renewable energy

sources and the large energy users, in relation to the energy recovery facility and the existing district energy network.

© Crown Copyright.

Cadbury Trebor Basset

Laporte Fluorides Plc.

Green Line Oils Ltd.


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CAPACITY GENERATOR NAME OWNER/OPERATOR GENERATOR TYPE FUEL SOURCE OUTPUT

MWe MWth

Carwood Close Biomass Heating1

Sheffield City Council combustion dedicated solid

biomass heat only - 0.32

Sheffield Energy Recovery Facility

Sheffield City Council combustion municipal solid waste CHP 6.8 36

Parkwood Power Plant Viridor combustion landfill gas CHP 2 6

Heeley City Farm - solar PV sun electricity only 0.02 -

Callow Mount - combustion dedicated solid


Beighton Landfill Gas Project Beighton Energy combustion landfill gas electricity only 1 -

City School City School combustion dedicated solid


Mossway Police Station Mossway Police combustion dedicated solid


Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre2

University of Sheffield onshore wind wind electricity only 2.6 -

Sorby House Sorby House combustion dedicated solid


Gazeley Blade at G-Park3 Gazeley UK Ltd. solar PV sun electricity only 0.036 -

Rotherham Generation Infinusx Ltd. combustion landfill gas electricity only 0.66 -

St Anne’s Flats - combustion dedicated solid


Ewden WTW Yorkshire Water micro hydro the River Don electricity only 0.275 -

Table 2: Renewable energy sources within and in close proximity to the Sheffield City Council Boundary.

1 The city’s first purpose built biomass boiler will heat up to 100 properties on the Burngreave estate; it replaces two gas boilers and a prefabricated boiler room here. 2 The University of Sheffield Rolls-Royce Factory of the Future is powering its collaborative research with two 250 kW WES 30 mk1 wind turbines. They will provide sufficient

energy (~600 MWh/yr) to achieve carbon neutrality. During periods of low demand, the turbines feed excess electricity to the national grid. 3 Gazeley is committed to on-

site renewable energy. The first installation of 36 solar generators (PV - SB1000, each rated at 1 kWp in an Energy Roof) took place at the Gazeley Blade™ warehouse. This generates over 28 MWh/yr and saves the CO2 emissions of eight 3-bedroom homes, providing 75% of the offices’ electricity needs.


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There were also a significant number of large energy users located within and just outside the Sheffield City Council Boundary and these were also mapped on Figure 10, represented as points (green squares). Unfortunately, there was no definition of how ‘large’ the electricity and/or heat demands for these were and although there were 333 large energy users identified in the target area, heat loads were only specified for four of these. These are outlined below in Table 3 and identified on Figure 10; as shown, there are all very significant users of thermal energy. The other large energy users are listed in Appendix 2 (Section 7.2).

NAME TYPE HEAT LOAD (MWth)

SCA Hygiene Products pulp and paper 6.624

Cadbury Trebor Basset food and drink 4.991

Green Line Oils Ltd. chemicals 2.274

Laporte Fluorides Plc. chemicals 2.274

Table 3: Heat loads for some of the large energy users within and close to the council

boundary.

Of the four large energy users, one of these – SCA Hygiene Products – is situated in Chesterfield, and thus not within or close to the city boundary (~12.5 km away); this is no longer considered as it is outside of the target area, even though it has the largest heat load of those that this information is known for. Cadbury Trebor Basset is located within the city boundary, in the Upper Don Valley, one of the areas identified in the brief that should be the main focus (SEM area 6). The two chemical plants are not within the city boundary, however, as these are both approximately 5 km outside, they should be included as they may have a major impact on the mapping of heat sources and sinks – one of the discrete areas identified in Section 3.1. These may be included in a potential network extension in the Lower Don Valley/Tinsley (both areas that were identified in the brief – SEM areas 4 and 9). An energy network linking these two chemical companies may coincide well with the proposed extension to the SuperTram network out to Parkgate/Rotherham (as discussed in the following section), as well as the Tinsley link road and bus rapid transport scheme (along the Sheffield-Rotherham corridor – i.e. down the Lower Don Valley). In addition to these four large energy users, there were an additional 329 identified, although their heat demands were unknown. These included hospitals (such as Western Park and the Royal Hallamshire), hotels, sports/entertainment venues (Ponds Forge International Spots Centre, English Institute of Sport Sheffield, Don Valley Stadium, Sheffield Arena, Crucible Theatre and Lyceum Theatre), public administration buildings (fire/police stations, Sheffield City Hall and the Town Hall), educational institutions (schools, colleges and university buildings), retail buildings (supermarkets and Meadowhall Shopping Centre), steelworks and ‘others’ (which incorporated museums, galleries and libraries). Those located within the city boundary were still mapped on Figure 10. Some of these are already connected to the district energy network, especially the ones located near to the network pipelines. Data is now being sought for these so they can be included in the heat mapping later.


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4.1.2 Locations of Infrastructure and Different Building Types

The infrastructure and different buildings types were then mapped; these were all located towards the eastern side of the city and none extend into the Peak District National Park to much extent – i.e. all buildings were within the initial target/study area defined above. The infrastructure of the city was mapped, as shown in Figure 11. This included fifty primary and/or strategic roads, the three current tram routes and several proposed extensions to these tramlines. Watercourses were also included on this map, which consisted of eleven reservoirs (Rivelin Dams, Strines, Dale Dike, Agden, Damflask, Redmires, Broomhead, Moor Hall and Underbank) and the extensive river network, which incorporates the Rivers Don, Sheaf, Loxley and Rivelin, as well as Porter Brook, Carr Brook and the Tinsley Canal. The brief stated that the different building types were to each have a separate layer in the GIS mapping, as well as having a layer that combined all the different building types. The brief also outlined these seven building types as: domestic, industrial, commercial, educational, leisure, hospitals/health care and governmental. A short description to define each of these layers is given below, which is used in this section for the base mapping, but also in the subsequent sections for heat mapping (identification of heat sources and heat sinks): ● domestic: the residential areas within the city, including all types of buildings, such as

council homes and privately own/rented accommodation. This also incorporated the many different housing types, such as flats, semi-/detached and terraced homes. Within this first category, garages and gardens were also taken into account.

● industrial: industrial areas are made up of a variety of factories, process/manufacturing

plants and warehouses in the city. These areas consist of various types of industrial premises, including steelworks, food and drink manufacturers, pulp and paper industries and chemical factories, among others. Business parks/sites also come under this classification. These could thus be classes as non-retail and/or non-office businesses.

● commercial: the commercial areas consisted of a range of different types of retail premises (like shopping centres, supermarkets and other shopping facilities), as well as hotels and commercial office buildings/complexes.

● educational: this incorporates all types and levels of education, ranging from nurseries,

schools and colleges to university buildings. Other educational establishments also formed part of this, consisting of support services, children’s centres, learning centres and study support centres.

● leisure: the leisure areas in the city consisted of a wide variety of facilities, including sports arenas/stadiums, entertainment venues, sports and community centres, museums, libraries, galleries and theatres.

● hospitals and health care: hospitals are the main and largest health care facilities

located in Sheffield, although a range of other health-related sites are included in this report, such as clinics, day care centres, residential care homes, health centres and other health-related buildings, like the PCT and NHS Trust sites.

● council/governmental: this layer includes all local and national government (regional offices) buildings. Local government (Sheffield City Council) is mainly comprised of office buildings and training centre, although not all council-owned buildings come under this category (like council houses). Sheltered housing (social work with accommodation) and public administration buildings (namely fire and police stations) were included. National government locations incorporate the various government departments in Sheffield.


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Consequently, GIS map layers were constructed for each of these and are shown in Figures 12 through 18, with additional descriptions given below. Once these maps were produced, they could be combined to form an overall GIS base map showing the locations of all these building types; this is presented in Figure 19. This map (Figure 19) was then integrated with the GIS maps of the energy recovery facility and district energy network (shown on Figure 8) and that of the city infrastructure and watercourses (shown in Figure 11). Also included on Figure 16 were the “green” areas in the city – the greenbelt and the open spaces, like parks and public gardens – that filled in many of the gaps on this map, as shown on Figure 20. There were still however a few areas on this map that remained blank; these could be accounted for, in part, by the siting of cemeteries and areas of mixed land usage. The final base-mapping layer is shown in Figure 20, with close-up views of the city centre area, including the energy recovery facility and existing district energy network pipelines in Figure 21. To distinguish more easily the different buildings types, the energy infrastructure (the energy recovery facility and existing district energy network pipelines) and the roads/rivers on these maps, each layer was given a different colour and were also represented as such on the final base maps (Figures 20 and 21).

Domestic/Residential – the PINK Layer: The first of these building types to be mapped was the domestic layer (Figure 12), which identified the location of the residential environments within the city council boundary. There were 102 housing areas, along with two additional regions, described as the Nether Edge and Broomhill housing areas. These were all represented as polygons – blocks of residential areas. These were found to be well distributed across the city, but predominantly located within the green belt (identified on Figure 20), with fewer areas along the Upper and Lower Don Valleys. These were interspersed well with areas of open space. Apart from “green” areas (parks, public green areas and green belt), the domestic/residential environments covered the greatest land area within the city boundary, shown in Figure 20.

Industrial – the BLUE Layer: The second building type layer was for industrial buildings

(Figure 13), which identified the locations of general industry areas (eight areas identified), general industry areas with special industries (20 areas), general industry areas without special industries (18 areas), 23 business areas and 76 fringe business industry areas. These 145 industrial areas too were represented as polygons or areas and these buildings covered the second greatest land area within the city boundary, as shown in Figure 20. These industrial areas were mainly concentrated along the Upper and Lower Don Valleys, as well as some in the Sheaf Valley, where there were fewer residential environments. There were also some industrial areas located along the northern city boundary (Stocksbridge), as well as one in the far southeast of the city (Mosborough). Many of these, such as those in the Don Valley, were identified on Figure 6 as the locations for manufacturing, distribution, warehousing and other non-office businesses.

Commercial – the PURPLE Layer: The third GIS map layer for buildings, Figure 14, located the

230 commercial areas (polygons) in the city, which consisted of different types of retail establishments: six retail parks and different types of shopping areas (two regional areas, five central areas, 25 district areas and 192 local shopping areas). The larger polygons were generally concentrated either in the city centre (i.e. the central shopping area) or along the primary infrastructure routes (mainly the retail parks). There were also many smaller areas, which primarily consisted of district and local shopping centres; some of these were located along the primary/strategic roads, although many of the smallest ones were distributed fairly evenly amongst the various areas of residential buildings. These areas cover quite a small area of the city compared to the previous two category layers. Also on Figure 14, hotels (39 in total) were mapped on this layer as points; these were mainly concentrated in the central area of the city.


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Educational – the BLACK Layer: Educational institutions were mapped in two different ways,

as illustrated on Figure 15. The primary and secondary school sites were mapped as points, represented by stars and circles respectively. As shown, there was quite a wide distribution of both primary and secondary schools throughout the city, which covered more or less the entire eastern half of the city area and these were primarily within residential areas; a total of 134 primary/infant/junior schools and 28 secondary schools/colleges were identified. The locations of the nine primary areas of university buildings (both the University of Sheffield and Sheffield Hallam University – UoS and SHU) were also identified, represented as polygons on Figure 15; these large university complexes were generally located in close proximity to the city centre and often along the existing energy network pipelines, as some of these buildings are already connected to the district heating system.

Leisure – the ORANGE and GREEN Layer: On the leisure layer (Figure 16), 10 institution

leisure areas (including sports arenas and the Crucible and Lyceum theatres), 76 community buildings/centres and 29 libraries were mapped. Most of the leisure areas were found to be located within the city centre or along the main strategic roadways. The libraries however were fairly equally dispersed throughout the city, although again concentrated in the eastern half. Apart from the city centre libraries, all libraries were located more or less in the centre of large residential areas. Also on this figure, the “green” areas in the city were mapped, which consisted of open spaces, such as parks, public gardens, local nature sites, woods and golf courses, and the extensive green belt surrounding the city. The Peak District National Park was identified too, which covered the western portion of the city area, where there were no/few other buildings located. As mentioned above, plotting the green regions in the city ‘filled-in’ a lot of unknown areas on the final base map.

Health Care – the YELLOW Layer: There were six hospital areas, identified as institution

health care (mapped as polygons), and these are shown on Figure 17. These included the Northern General and the Royal Hallamshire Hospital, among others. It has previously been considered that a CHP facility could be installed at either or both of these sites to provide heat and power. Other health care facilities, such as doctors’ surgeries and clinics, were not included during this initial mapping stage.

Council/Governmental – the INDIGO Layer: Finally, the wide rage of governmental (both local

and national) and council buildings were mapped on Figure 18 as points. This included 55 local government buildings – namely Sheffield City Council offices, such as those in the Town Hall and at the Moorfoot complex. Additionally, 79 national government buildings were identified (regional offices for most departments). The Home Office (15 locations, including the UK Boarder Agency), the Crown Prosecution Service (1), HM Courts Service (3), HM Revenue and Customs (2) and HM Treasury (1) locations were mapped, along with the Ministries of Defence (1) and Justice (10) buildings. This map also identified the locations of government departments: the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (8 locations), the Department for Children, Schools and Families (7), the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2 – DEFRA and the Environment Agency), the Department for Transport (7 – including the British Transport Police, the Driving Standards Agency and the Highways Agency), the Department for Work and Pensions (16 – including the Head Offices and the Health and Safety Executive) and the Department of Health (6 – including the Health Protection Agency). These buildings were predominantly concentrated in and around the city centre, with some spread further afield, although generally within a few kilometres of the centre, often located along the strategic road network.


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Figure 11: The infrastructure of the city, including the primary/strategic roads, current/proposed tram routes and watercourses (reservoirs and the

extensive river network).

© Crown Copyright.


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Figure 12: The PINK layer – GIS map identifying the locations of the domestic/residential buildings within the Sheffield City Council Boundary. The

energy recovery facility and district energy network are also shown.

© Crown Copyright.


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Figure 13: The BLUE layer – GIS map identifying the locations of the industrial buildings (different types of industry are shown as different colours)

within the Sheffield City Council Boundary. The energy recovery facility and district energy network are also shown.

© Crown Copyright.


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Figure 14: The PURPLE layer – GIS map identifying the locations of the commercial buildings (different types of shopping area are shown as different

colours) and hotels within the Sheffield City Council Boundary. The energy recovery facility and district energy network are shown.

© Crown Copyright.


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Figure 15: The BLACK layer – GIS map identifying the locations of the different levels of educational buildings within the Sheffield City Council

Boundary. The energy recovery facility and district energy network are also shown.

© Crown Copyright.


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Figure 16: The ORANGE and GREEN layer – GIS map identifying the locations of the different leisure/community buildings. The green belt, Peak

District National Park and other green spaces are also shown. The energy recovery facility and district energy network are mapped too.

© Crown Copyright.


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Figure 17: The YELLOW layer – GIS map identifying the locations of the different hospital/institution health care buildings within the Sheffield City Council

Boundary. The energy recovery facility and district energy network are also shown.

© Crown Copyright.


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Figure 18: The INDIGO layer – GIS map identifying the locations of the different council and governmental buildings (national and local) within the Sheffield

City Council Boundary. The energy recovery facility and district energy network are also shown.

© Crown Copyright.


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Figure 19: GIS map identifying the locations of the all the different building types (domestic, council/governmental, commercial, industrial,

educational, leisure and hospitals) within the Sheffield City Council Boundary.

© Crown Copyright.


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Figure 20: The final GIS base map, integrating the energy recovery facility, district energy network, the infrastructure and watercourses with the map

of the locations of all the different building types within the Sheffield City Council Boundary, including the “green” areas.

© Crown Copyright.


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(a)

(b)

Figure 21: The final GIS base map – (a) a close-up of the city centre and Upper/Lower Don

Valley areas and (b) a close-up of the district energy network, showing the energy recovery facility, infrastructure, watercourses and the locations of the different buildings, including the

“green” areas.

Energy recovery facility █; district energy network pipelines ▬; proposed biomass plant █; roads ▬; rivers ▬; greenbelt and open space █; domestic █; governmental �; commercial █;

industrial █; educational █; leisure █; and hospitals █.

© Crown Copyright.

© Crown Copyright.


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4.1.3 Narrowing the Target Area

From the initial mapping of the existing district energy network and the locations of the seven different building types (as identified on the previous 14 figures), a narrower target area was identified within the broader city-wide region, which was based on where the data in these layers were concentrated. This was the eastern part of the city and included the city centre, the city centre fringe, several manufacturing/business parks and the areas located along major infrastructure routes – the Don and Sheaf Valleys (pathways leading from the city centre to the southwest, northwest and northeast of the city), some of which extended outside of the city council boundary, namely into Rotherham. These areas were where much of the industrial and commercial buildings were located, in addition to many residential zones and thus includes a significant number of both potential heat sources and heat sinks. This narrowed target area is identified on Figure 22 below. This included most of the ten main areas identified in the initial heat map brief (Section 3.1 and Figure 7) and also coincided well with the development regions delineated in the SEM. This narrowed target area was then used for the heat mapping study, where the potential heat sources (possible suppliers) and heat sinks (likely end-users) within this area could be identified. All maps shown below now focus on this area.

Figure 22: The new, narrowed target area, based on the initial base mapping of the city’s

infrastructure, the existing city-wide district energy network and the locations of the seven different buildings types within the city council boundary.

© Crown Copyright.


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4.2 Heat Mapping Part 1: Locating Heat Sources – Potential Suppliers

Since the locations of buildings had been plotted, heat mapping – attaching an available/waste thermal capacity to these – was then carried out for each relevant GIS layer. There were two potential supplier categories: existing heat sources and emerging heat sources. These included current buildings and future/planned developments with the capability to provide additional heat to an expanded network, especially if they produce recoverable, low-grade ‘waste’ heat. This section contains information on the known heat sources; a list of buildings for which data is required is presented in Appendix 3.

The following two sections fulfil Deliverables One and Two.

4.2.1 Locations of Existing/Current Heat Sources

There are a number of existing heat sources, mainly industrial areas (and specifically the various steelworks that generate a considerable amount of waste heat), that could provide additional thermal capacity into an expanded district energy network (Figure 23).

Figure 23: Heat map of the existing/current heat sources – potential suppliers that could be

incorporated into a network expansion. 1 - Sheffield Forgemasters; 2 - Outokumpu Stainless.

1

2

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Industrial Sites: The industrial areas were identified on Figure 13. Many of these locations

contain steelworks, particularly the Lower Don Valley. Except for Stocksbridge Steelworks and Enpar Special Alloys Ltd., all the other steelworks are within this area; these include Outokumpu Stainless, Sheffield Forgemasters Engineering Ltd., BETAFENCE Ltd., ERASTEEL (UK) Ltd. and Kiveton Part Steel Ltd.. It has been reported that the low-grade waste heat recovery potential of Outokumpu Stainless plant is 0.86 MW, whilst that of the Sheffield Forgemasters Engineering Ltd. plant is 0.2 MW, based on their electric arc furnaces [32]. These two waste heat sources could therefore contribute around 1 MW of additional capacity to an expanded district energy network and are highlighted on Figure 23. As shown, these are both situated in the Lower Don Valley, one of the development areas identified in the SEM. These currently are the only two plants that have had their surplus thermal capacity quantified. The other steelworks/industrial sites in this region could also contribute to the heat demand, but the amount of waste heat at these is currently unknown. Data is being sought for these sites, as it is believed that they are likely to have significant amounts of waste heat that could increase the capacity of the network.

4.2.2 Locations of Emerging/Future Heat Sources

In addition to the existing heat sources located in the industrial areas outlined above, there are also many emerging heat sources that could provide additional thermal capacity into an expanded district energy network in the future. These are mapped on Figure 24.

Figure 24: Heat map of the emerging/future heat sources – potential suppliers that could be

incorporated into an expansion of the district energy network.


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The sources that could be incorporated include the proposed E.ON biomass power station at Blackburn Meadows, near Tinsley, and the potential CHP plants at the Northern General or Royal Hallamshire hospitals. There are also a number of renewable energy sources (detailed above), which may be able to increase their capacity if located close to a proposed expansion. These could provide, at present, at least another 10 MW of heat to the network, although this could be considerably greater if the Blackburn Meadows plant increased its capacity and/or a large CHP plant was constructed at the Northern General and/or the Royal Hallamshire hospitals. All these emerging sources that could be included in a network expansion are located on Figure 24 and discussed individually below. These could have a significant amount of additional heat that could be distributed throughout the city in additional district energy network pipelines. As shown, the vast majority of both these existing and emerging heat sources are located in the eastern part of the city, mainly in the area of or surrounding the Lower Don Valley (development area 4, as outlined in Section 3.1), thus this should be one of the areas of primary focus for a network extension.

Proposed E.ON Biomass Power Station: One major potential heat source was identified above – the proposed E.ON biomass power station, near Tinsley (mapped on Figures 10 and 24). This is at Blackburn Meadows in the Lower Don Valley – development areas 4 and 5, delineated in Sheffield’s Economic Masterplan. This is the site of a former coal-fired power station and should be redeveloped by E.ON UK plc, starting in 2011, with a new energy facility: Blackburn Meadows Biomass Power Station. With an envisaged capacity of around 30 MW (20-25 MW for electricity, plus 5-10 MW of heat, although it is hoped that through further discussions with E.ON, based on the outcomes of this investigation, the thermal capacity can be increased), this new renewable energy plant will primarily combust local clean recycled wood waste (~180,000 tonnes/year), though other biomass fuels, such as energy crops, solid recovered fuel and residues from local forests and sawmills may also be considered; this will displace around 80,000 tonnes/year of CO2 by replacing fossil fuels [33]. To further minimise carbon emissions from transport, the fuel will be sourced from within a 50-mile radius of the plant [34].

The main components will include a fuel reception building, a processed fuel store and buffer silo, a combustor with an auxiliary burner, a boiler house, a fabric filter unit for emissions control, an air-cooled condenser and a steam turbine hall; these are shown in the schematic below (Figure 25). E.ON UK plc [34] proposed a fluidised-bed or moving grate combustor for this site. This should generate power for about 40,000 nearby homes and the prospect of using the ‘waste’ heat generated by electricity production for district heating (to supply local industrial, commercial and residential premises) is being investigated. There is consequently a clear opportunity to integrate this facility into an expansion of the district energy network. This cogeneration of heat and power will increase the overall efficiency of the installation. Based on these credentials (cogeneration from renewable energy), this project would be eligible for some form of governmental funding or other financial subsidies (as will be considered further in the final report).

Potential Hospital CHP Facilities: As mentioned above, it has been previously considered that

a new CHP plant could be installed at the Northern General and Royal Hallamshire Hospitals (both part of development area 3). This would be able to provide heat and power not only for the hospital sites, but also for the surrounding populations, if it could be integrated into an additional branch of the district energy network pipeline. Alternatively, this could form a smaller, separate network for these areas of the city. The potential capacities and operating strategies (ratio of heat to power output) are currently unknown.


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Figure 25: Technical schematic of the proposed E.ON biomass-fuelled development for the

Blackburn Meadows site.

Source: E.ON UK plc [34]

Renewable Energy Sources: Lastly, there are eight renewable energy sources with an identified thermal capacity within and in close proximity to the city council boundary; these were identified on Figures 10 and 24, above, as well as listed in Table 2. If an expansion to the existing district energy network is completed close to one or more of these sources, there may be the potential to increase the capacity (thermal output) at some of these facilities so they can contribute thermal energy to the network, which can subsequently be redistributed and provide district heating to various nearby heat sinks. Of these, the Sheffield energy recovery facility has the largest current thermal capacity (36 MWth) and is already the focal point and primary energy source of the existing district heating system; there may be some potential to increase the capacity here by either efficiency improvements or increasing fuel throughput (combusting more fuel). The other seven plants have a combined heating capacity of over 8 MW. Carwood Close Biomass Heating is located within the vicinity of the existing district energy network pipelines and could be incorporated into the network if it is possible to raise the capacity here. Sorby House is sited in the Lower Don Valley, close to the proposed Blackburn Meadows Biomass Power Station. Also in this locale is the St Anne’s Flats complex in Rotherham, which has a dedicated solid biomass boiler for heat generation.

The Parkwood Power Plant in the Upper Don Valley, which combusts landfill gas in a CHP system, is situated approximately 1 km away from the existing pipeline network. This plant has the largest thermal capacity of the renewable energy projects in Sheffield, which totals 6 MWth, with the exception of the Veolia energy recovery facility. Further along the Don Valley is the Aldwarke Sewage Treatment Works, which combusts sewage gas in a CHP system to generate both heat (0.3 MWth) and power (0.17 MWe); this site was not detailed above. This is approximately 5 miles from the city council boundary. It is perhaps unlikely however, that these facilities utilising landfill gas or sewage gas would be able to increase their capacity or be incorporated into a network expansion for technical reasons. These renewable energy (heat) sources are all located within the development areas identified in Section 3.1 herein and in the Sheffield Economic Masterplan.

COMBUSTION DEVICE AND BOILER

BUFFER SILO

STEAM TURBINE AND GENERATOR

FUEL STORE

FUEL RECEPTION BUNKER

STACK

AIR-COOLED CONDENSER

BAG FILTER

FAN

CABLE


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4.3 Heat Mapping Part 2: Locating Heat Sinks – Potential End- Users

The second part of the heat mapping exercise involved attaching a heat demand or heat load to specific buildings; this was performed for each relevant GIS layer. As above, the buildings types were first divided into two potential end-user/consumer categories: existing heat sinks and emerging heat sinks. These may both have significant heat demands – for hot water all year round, but particularly for heating in the winter. Some of these could be met by an extension to the district heating network and thus could replace the heating systems currently installed in these buildings, specifically domestic or small-/medium-scale condensing gas boilers. A range of heat sinks have been identified, some of which are very significant. These include domestic areas and a wide range of other building types. This section contains information on the known heat sinks; a list of buildings for which data is required is presented in Appendix 3.

The following two sections fulfil Deliverables One and Three.

4.3.1 Locations of Existing/Current Heat Sinks

Firstly, in this section existing residential areas are considered. Next, the other building types are detailed, where data has currently been collected and mapped for 157 separate buildings, as shown on the following maps and discussed below. Individual heat loads are plotted on each map (one map for each building type, as suggested in the initial heat mapping brief), with a list of the heat loads for each building given in Appendices 4 through 9. An additional 500+ buildings have been identified and data is now being obtained and analysed for these (see Appendix 3).

Domestic/Residential Areas: Existing domestic areas were mapped above (Figure 12). Population density was imposed onto the map (Figure 26), thus heat sinks (thermal demand) were mapped as a function of population density (people/ha) and converted to heating density (kW/km2). As shown, the existing pipelines do not serve the areas of highest population density in the city. A high proportion of total domestic energy consumption is for space heating, around 58% in 2008 [35]; the total heat demand (space heating plus domestic hot water) accounts for around 82% of residential energy use [36]. These have increased by 20% and 10% respectively since 1970 [35]. Combined, these were equal to using 37.4m tonnes of oil equivalent in 2008, of which over 80% was from gas; in 2004, this equated to 426 GWh or 20,500 kWh per dwelling as a UK average [36]. In 2009, the average domestic gas consumption in Yorkshire and the Humber was 15,760 kWh, slightly higher than the national average of 15,384 kWh [37]. Since the vast majority of domestic energy usage is for heating, the areas of highest population density would thus have the largest thermal demand and are consequently significant heat sinks. According to the Office of National Statistics [38], there is on average 2.37 people per dwelling; utilising the average household figure of 20,500 kWh, the total heat demand (for both space heating and hot water) can be estimated to be 8650 kWh/person/year. Based on this estimation, areas of high population density (those with 60 or more people/ha) would thus have a heat demand of at least 500 MWh/ha/yr; this equates to a heat density of over 16,500 kW/km2, which is significantly greater than the value for high heat density (>3000 kW/km2) outlined in the Heat and Energy Saving Strategy, as detailed in Section 2.1 above. Some areas have a population density in excess of 100 people/ha, thus the heat demand from these would be more than 850 MWh/ha/yr (at least 28,000 kW/km2); these are the black areas shown on Figure 26.


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Population density: people per hectare <1 1-5 5-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-100 >100

<290 <1440 <2880 <5760 <8650 <11,530 <14,410 <17,300 <28,830 >28,830 Heating density: kW/km

2

Figure 26: Map of the heat demand and density from residential areas (domestic sector), as a

function of population density; the district energy network pipelines are also shown.

Estimated domestic heat demands, heat loads and heat densities for specific areas (namely the most highly populated regions of the city) are outlined in Table 4. The areas of highest population density, shown on the above figure in the darkest colours, include: Tinsley, Lower Wincobank, the Sheaf Valley (including Mount Pleasant and Netheredge), Hillsborough/Owlerton areas, Sharrow Vale/Porter Brook, Crookes/Steel Bank, Greystones, Fir Vale and the area around the Northern General Hospital. Based on the data for the population in these areas, the domestic heat demands, heat loads and heating density were approximated. The total heat load1 of these nine residential areas is well over 230 MW (the breakdown for each housing area is given in Table 4), despite the fact that this only includes less than 15% of the total population of Sheffield2. The

majority of this load (over half of the total) is located in a large area of high population density within a 1.5 km radius of the Northern General Hospital.

1 All domestic heat loads calculated throughout this document, for both the existing residential areas and new builds (the many residential development areas considered below), are based on an overall average home occupancy of 2.37 people per dwelling and an average value of 8650 kWh per person per year as the total heat demand. Based on the heat demand, the heat load per home could be estimated. As detailed above, data was used from references [36] and [38].

2 Based on a total population in Sheffield of almost 550,000 people, the overall heat demand for the city can be estimated to be in the region of 1500 MW (over 1.5 GW).

© Crown Copyright.


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AREA POPULATION AREA (ha) ESTIMATED HEAT

DEMAND (MWh/yr) ESTIMATED HEAT

LOAD (MW) ESTIMATED HEAT DENSITY (kW/km

2)

Tinsley 1,750 26.7 15,138 5.0 18,899

Lower Wincobank 1,371 15.8 11,859 4.0 25,019

Hillsborough/Owlerton 5,931 54.6 51,303 17.1 31,321

Crookes/Steel Bank 10,019 76.1 86,664 28.9 37,961

Netheredge/Mount Pleasant (Sheaf Valley) 7,217 59.4 62,427 20.8 35,032

Greystones 1,652 15.5 14,290 4.8 30,731

Sharrow Vale (Porter Brook) 3,314 23.1 28,666 9.6 41,365

Fir Vale 1,693 11.1 14,644 4.9 43,976

Northern General Hospital Area 47,718 1040.7 412,761 137.6 13,221

TOTAL 80,665 1,323 697,752 232.7 30,836 (average)

Table 4: Estimated heat demands, heat loads and heat densities for the most highly populated regions of the city (existing residential areas), including the

area within 1.5 km of the Northern General Hospital.


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Due to the high population densities in some regions of the city, the heating density for these areas has been calculated to be around ten times that delineated as economically-viable in the Heat and Energy Saving Strategy (see above); the average heat density for these nine residential areas of high population density was over 30,000 kW/km2, as shown on Figure 26; this can be compared to the value of >3000 kW/km2 suggested in the Heat and Energy Saving Strategy – there is thus significant potential here. Although the retrofitting of district energy technologies, such as installing heat exchangers in individual homes can sometimes prove to be complicated, there is a considerable demand in many areas across the city, making a good case for such installations, if they are seen to be feasible and viable in terms of the economics and technologies available.

Industrial Buildings: It is likely that a number of ‘businesses’, such as those located in the

industrial areas of Sheffield, identified in Section 4.1.2, would also have a considerable heat demand. Data has so far been collected for three industrial sites and thus these have also been mapped; Figure 27 overviews these heat loads. These large energy users are located within or in close proximity to the city council boundary and were also identified in Table 3. These are: the Cadbury Trebor Basset plant in the Upper Don Valley (within the city council boundary); and the Laporte Fluorides Plc. and Green Line Oils Ltd facilities, both around 5 km outside of the city boundary (in development area 6 and one of the discrete areas located outside the city council boundary respectively). These have a combined heat demand of 9.54 MW, as outlined in Appendix 4. Other industrial facilities, such as the steelworks, have been identified as important potential heat sinks and are listed in Appendix 3.

Commercial Areas: So far, data has been collected for just one commercial facility – the

Oakbrook View Hostel, identified on Figure 28. The estimated heat load3 for this is fairly significant – 0.37 MW, as detailed in Appendix 4. A large number of other commercial buildings, such as hotels, shopping centres and other retail areas are being investigated, as outlined in Appendix 3.

Educational Buildings: There are a large number of schools, colleges and other educational

facilities in Sheffield, as well as many university and higher education buildings that are located within the above-defined target area. Whilst many of the higher education buildings (at both the University of Sheffield and Sheffield Hallam University) are already on the existing network and have their hot water and heating supplied through a connection to the district energy pipeline, only one of the schools in the city is currently connected. This is Norfolk Community Primary School, which has an estimated heat demand of 50 kW. Estimated heat loads for 120 schools and other educational buildings not already connected to the district energy network are plotted on Figure 29. These have a combined total heat load of 14.48 MW, thus there is also significant potential for this sector, in terms of being a large heat sink in the future distributed energy

3 All the heat loads calculated for the different industrial, commercial, educational, leisure, health care and council/governmental properties are based on their energy usage data. The annual consumption of energy (often broken down into gas, electricity, oil and district heating) are known for all the buildings in this section where heat loads have been calculated. Details of individual buildings are given in Appendices 4 through 9. The kWh consumption of each of these energy sources was converted to MW energy loads and then the heat loads (also in MW) were estimated based on the total energy usage of gas and oil. It was assumed that all gas and oil were used for water and/or space heating, whereas all electricity was assumed to be for lighting and other non-heat-based energy applications. Buildings that used district heating or electrical heating systems, and thus no other heat sources based on gas or oil combustion, are not mapped here.


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network, if the pipelines can be extended into these areas of the city; since the educational establishments are well distributed throughout the city, some of these buildings should be able to add additional heat sink capacity to the network. Details of all these educational buildings (their locations and individual heat loads) are given in Appendix 6. From this list, it can be seen that Handsworth Grange Community Sports College (300 kW), Southey Green School (320 kW), City School (340 kW) and Stocksbridge High School (440 kW) have the highest heat loads. As noted in Section 4.1.2 above, there are 164 school located in Sheffield, thus heat load data is known for most of these. Over 120 additional educational buildings have been identified (Appendix 3), which include the other schools identified on Figure 15, as well as children’s centres, educational services buildings and learning/study support centres.

Leisure Areas: Annual energy usage data for five leisure centres were also converted into

heat loads. These have a total combined heat load of 2.21 MW, where the largest contributor is Stocksbridge Leisure Centre, with a heat load of 0.664 MW. Heeley Pool, with a current heat load of 0.34 MW and Springs Leisure Centre (0.26 MW) are also significant contributors to this. Data has also been obtained for two libraries and a number of Museum Trust buildings, which add a further 0.64 MW to this heat load total. The largest additions are for the Don Valley Stadium, Ice Sheffield, English Institute of Sport Sheffield and Sheffield Arena. Combined, these have a heat load of 3.26 MW and are all located in close proximity to each other in the Lower Don Valley (development area 4) and close to the proposed E.ON facility at Blackburn Meadows. The locations of all these leisure areas and their heat loads and shown in Figure 30, with additional details given in Appendix 7. The overall total for these is over 6 MW. Appendix 3 lists the 21 sports arenas and entertainment venues, 29 libraries and 9 museums/galleries that information is being collected for.

Health Care Facilities: The estimated heat loads of eleven health care facilities, which

primarily consist of residential care homes for the elderly, have also been mapped. Figure 31 shows the locations of these buildings and their estimated heat loads. These have a combined total heat load of 1.76 MW. Three of these have heat demands of more than 200 kW, which are Bole Hill View Residential Home, Ravenscroft Care Home and Newton Grange Care Home. Additional details of these buildings are given in Appendix 8. Another 48 hospitals and health care facilities are list in Appendix 3, for which data are being sought. The large hospitals, namely the Northern General and the Royal Hallamshire hospitals would have considerable heat loads since these are large sites.

Council/Government Buildings: Data has also been obtained for 10 council buildings

throughout the city, which are not already connected to the district heating network. These have a combined heat load of 1.82 MW. The locations and magnitudes of these heat loads are shown on Figure 32, with further details of individual sites in Appendix 9. The largest of these was the Olive Grove Depot, which has a heat load of 0.55 MW, although two of the other buildings have heat loads in excess of 0.2 MW. In addition to these buildings, heat loads are known for the Town Hall – a council facility that is already connected to the district energy network pipelines. This uses around 1269 MWh of district heating per year, which is a heat load of 0.42 MW. Appendix 3 lists the 102 council and government buildings across the city that data is needed for. Appendix 3 also details the public administration buildings, like the fire and police stations, as well as the social work buildings with accommodation.


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Figure 27: Estimated heat loads of various industrial buildings

throughout the city. Additional details are given in Appendix 4.

Figure 28: Estimated heat loads of commercial sites throughout

the city. Additional details are given in Appendix 5.

Heat Loads

up to 50 kW

50 - 100 kW

100 - 150 kW

150 - 200 kW

200 - 300 kW

300 - 500 kW

500 kW - 1.0 MW

1.0 - 2.5 MW

2.5 - 5.0 MW

© Crown Copyright. © Crown Copyright.


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Figure 29: Estimated heat loads of educational buildings

throughout the city. Additional details are given in Appendix 6.

Figure 30: Estimated heat loads for specific leisure areas in the

city. Additional details are given in Appendix 7.

© Crown Copyright.

Heat Loads

up to 50 kW

50 - 100 kW

100 - 150 kW

150 - 200 kW

200 - 300 kW

300 - 500 kW

500 kW - 1.0 MW

1.0 - 2.5 MW

2.5 - 5.0 MW

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Figure 31: Estimated heat loads for specific health care facilities in

the city. Additional details are given in Appendixs 8.

Figure 32: Estimated heat loads for council/government buildings in

the city. Additional details are given in Appendix 9.

© Crown Copyright.

Heat Loads

up to 50 kW

50 - 100 kW

100 - 150 kW

150 - 200 kW

200 - 300 kW

300 - 500 kW

500 kW - 1.0 MW

1.0 - 2.5 MW 2.5 - 5.0 MW

© Crown Copyright.


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4.3.2 Locations of Emerging/Future Heat Sinks

In addition to the extensive existing residential areas outlined above, there are a large number of new housing areas (planned domestic developments) throughout the city and beyond, both within the Sheffield City Council Boundary and across the border into Rotherham. These have been proposed and are in various stages of development. In total, these have been shown to be a very large potential heat sink. These are identified on Figure 33. Twenty-three main housing developments are highlighted on this figure (circled), the largest of which are located primarily in the city centre and the Lower Don Valley areas, although there are a number of smaller development areas across the city. These sites are yet to be developed and thus could be connected to an expansion to the district heating network during their construction phases, if feasible; the many un-circled developments are already under construction or have been fully built and thus retro-fitting of district energy pipelines and heat exchanger technologies would be required in order to connect these properties to any network expansion. These ‘new builds’ are probably more important than existing residential areas, since retro-fitting district heating technologies into existing homes can be problematic; installing them during the construction phase however can mitigate these issues.

Figure 33: Overview of the locations of the new housing developments. The Waverley

development across the border in Rotherham is indicated by the star.


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Some of these developments are located close to the existing district energy network pipelines, which mean they could easily be added to the network, if the overall network capacity can be increased by incorporating some of the additional heat sources identified above. If an expansion of the existing system takes place, particularly in the Lower Don Valley region of the city (and expanding into the Rotherham/Waverley area), then many of the other new housing developments described herein could also be connected. At some of these sites, there are multiple phases of developments and thus the heating demands and heat loads calculated herein are based on the planned residences at these sites (those that are yet to be constructed), not on existing homes.

The twenty-three new housing developments of various sizes inside Sheffield City Council Boundary are listed below (the bullet point numbers correspond to those identified in Figure 33 above):

1. Larkin Grove (identified in circle 1 on the location map above) – it is planned that there will be around 35 new homes built here

2. Wensley Court (labelled as location 2 on Figure 33) – this is a small development site and will have 6 new homes

3. Amaranthus – this will have approximately 100 new properties, some of which may be divided into flats

4. Allende Way – this is one of the larger new housing areas and will have around 200 residences

5. Darnall – this area has several different housing developments: the smaller area of Cuthbert Cooper Place, which will have around 25 properties, and a larger area along Staniforth Road that can be subdivided into Nidd Road East, The Carriages and Acres Hill Road, that will have a total of 380 new homes, some of which have already been partly constructed

6. Stoneycroft Road/Quarry Road area – again, some properties have already been constructed at this location, although there are plans for an additional ~170 homes at this site

7. The area labelled 7 on Figure 33 contains two developments – St. Aidens Drive, Norfolk Park, will contain 90 new homes, whilst Beldon Road West will have 40 residences. The former already has district energy network pipes leading to the site, thus it can be assumed that this development will be provided with heating and hot water via the existing district energy network. The latter is also quite close to the existing pipelines and thus could easily be integrated into the current system

8. Babur Road – this new residential development area will see the construction of eight new homes

9. Ecclesfield Way, Close and Mews – these roads will have 45 additional new homes (there are already around 50 new properties that have been constructed in this development area)

10. Sicey Avenue – although there are no identified plots here, it is a reasonably large site and thus there is enough space for at least 15 new properties

11. Hawthorn Mews, Thompson Hill – there are 23 plots along the existing road at this location and thus it can be assumed that each site here will contain at least one new property


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12. Netherwood Ave/Fenton Drive/Newhill Lane – this is another large development, which will include around 100 new homes centred around 3 new roads (these roads could house the district energy network pipelines and could be installed during the construction phase of these homes to minimise disruption later)

13. Joseph Stone Court – is a relatively small site, but contains 12 housing plots

14. Dixon Road – there will be three new homes located at this

15. Ringinglow Gardens – this area will contain 11 properties

16. Whirlow Elms Chase – this area contains five new plots for homes, although there are existing buildings that will need to be demolished

17. Green Oak Avenue/Lemount Road – there will be two large buildings constructed here, each containing 16 dwellings (a total of 32 new homes)

18. Oak Hill Road – there are existing buildings on this site as well, which will need to be demolished before the 8 new homes can be built

19. Cartmell Road/Hill – will contain two buildings, one with 9 flats and the other with 6, giving a total of 15 new apartments on this site

20. Kent Road – this will contain just one new property

21. Crossland Drive – there are three large residential buildings proposed for this site; buildings of similar sizes that are in close proximity to this location are large and divided into several flats; this means there is likely to be in excess of 50 new homes at this location

22. Dyche Road – although there is only 1 buildings to be constructed here, it is large and will contain 60 South Yorkshire Housing Association flats

23. Deepwell Mews – lastly, this development site will contain approximately 34 new properties

Table 5 below gives estimates of the heat demands/loads for each of these new housing development areas, using the methodology described above for existing residential areas; these values are based on the number of properties at each of the development sites. The overall heat demand for these areas is estimated to total over 30,000 MWh/yr, which is equivalent to a heat load of 10 MW. This is the total heat load for all the properties at these locations that are yet to be constructed; it does not include homes that are already built, such as some of those at Wensley Court. These existing homes though could still be incorporated into and expansion of the district heating network. These ‘new builds’ inside the council boundary on their own are clearly a significant heat sink. Some of the largest development areas (3 – the Amaranthus development, 4 – the Allende Way development and 5 – the two developments in Darnall, Staniforth Road and Cuthbert Cooper Place) are located in the Lower Don Valley, thus this is further evidence for the need of a distributed energy network pipeline extension in this area of the city (development area 4). The estimated heat load for these three developments is around 4.8 MW, as shown in Table 5, which would thus account for a significant proportion of the potential heat supply (5-10 MW) from the nearby proposed E.ON biomass power plant. Developments 2 and 8 (Wensley Court and Babur Road) are also sited in this area. Developments 1, 2 and 3 (Larkin Grove, Wensley Court and Amaranthus) also surround the potential CHP plant site at the Northern General Hospital (which forms part of development area 3).


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NEW HOUSING DEVELOPMENT NUMBER OF PROPERTIES

ESTIMATED HEAT DEMAND (MWh/yr)

ESTIMATED HEAT LOAD (MW)

1 – Larkin Grove 35 718 0.24

2 – Wensley Court 8 164 0.05

3 – Amaranthus 100 2050 0.68

4 – Allende Way 200 4100 1.37

5 – Darnall: Staniforth Road 380 7790 2.60

5 – Darnall: Cuthbert Cooper Place 25 513 0.17

6 – Stoneycroft Road/Quarry Road 170 3485 1.16

7 – St. Aidens Drive 90 1845 0.62

7 – Beldon Road 40 820 0.27

8 – Babur Road 6 123 0.04

9 – Ecclesfield Way, Close and Mews 45 923 0.31

10 – Sicey Avenue 15 308 0.10

11 – Hawthorn Mews, Thompson Hill 23 472 0.16

12 – Netherwood Ave/Fenton Drive/Newhill Lane

100 2050 0.68

13 – Joseph Stone Court 12 246 0.08

14 – Dixon Road 3 62 0.02

15 – Ringinglow Gardens 11 226 0.08

16 Whirlow Elms Chase 5 103 0.03

17 Green Oak Avenue/Lemount Road 32 656 0.22

18 Oak Hill Road 8 164 0.05

19 Cartmell Road/Hill 15 308 0.10

20 Kent Road 1 21 0.01

21 Crossland Drive ~50 1025 0.34

22 Dyche Road 60 1230 0.41

23 Deepwell Mews 34 697 0.23

TOTAL 1468 30,099 10.02

Table 5: Estimated heat demands and heat loads for the new housing developments identified above in Figure 33, based on the number of properties at each location.


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In close proximity to the Lower Don Valley, there is an additional large development located just outside of the city council boundary over in Rotherham. This is the Waverley development (shown by the star on Figure 33 above) and covers 741 acres of land, which is currently a brownfield site. It is envisaged that there will be around 4000 new homes built on this large site, in addition to a number of businesses and other commercial facilities (hotels and offices), as well as a school and a number of leisure areas/centres [39]. The heat demand for the proposed 4000 new homes has been estimated to be in excess of 82,000 MWh/yr, resulting in a heat load of more than 25 MW, just for the domestic areas here. Since this development site aims to achieve zero carbon status, connection to a district energy network fuelled by a combination of local municipal sold waste, local clean recycled wood waste and low-grade industrial waste heat would be ideal way in which to work towards this goal. Furthermore, Waverley is one of the development areas (listed as area 10) outlined in Section 3.1.

4.4 Linking Heat Sources and Heat Sinks and the Preliminary Identification of Potential Network Expansions

Based solely on the information outlined above, it can already be seen that there are key areas where an expansion to the existing district energy network would be feasible. These can be identified by linking the heat sources that would supply additional heat into the pipelines to the heat sinks that would benefit from a connection to the district energy network. Once more information is gathered for the buildings listed in Appendix 3, this picture will become even clearer. Even at this early stage, the main area where an expansion/extension is likely to be both feasible and beneficial is the Lower Don Valley, including an extension across the Sheffield City Council Boundary into Rotherham. Outlined as one of the key spatial development areas in both the SEM and the initial heat mapping brief (development area 4), this region of the city contains a significant number of heat sources and heat sinks. The heat sources include the proposed biomass-fuelled energy plant (the E.ON facility at Blackburn Meadows – development area 5), which is likely to form the main heat supply, as well as many steelworks that have low-grade waste heat. There are also a diverse range of heat sinks located here, comprising existing and emerging residential areas, educational buildings, council/governmental buildings, industrial sites, commercial areas and leisure facilities. Even if a connection to the existing district energy network proves not to be possible, there would still be a strong case for a separate heating network for the Lower Don Valley and Rotherham areas, centred on the E.ON facility as the main provider of heat to the network. There are other areas in the city where there is considerable heat demand. These are the Upper Don Valley (development area 6), the area surrounding the Northern General Hospital (part of development area 3), the Sheaf Valley (development area 7) and the area around the Royal Hallamshire Hospital and Collegiate Campus at Sheffield Hallam University (another part of development area 3), again, all spatial areas within the city identified in the SEM and the initial heat mapping brief. There are expansion possibilities at all of these locations and pipeline extensions in these areas could be linked to both the existing network and those for the proposed scheme in the Lower Don Valley. With the additional data for the buildings outlined, it is hoped that the development opportunities in these other areas will become more apparent and therefore also more promising.


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5. INTERIM PROJECT CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK

Thus far, this research has generated base maps for the city and has identified a range of buildings/facilities that could be potential suppliers and/or end-users for an expanded district energy network. The thermal energy available from these heat sources has been quantified and the heat loads of the various sinks have been estimated based on energy usage data. In this section, the interim conclusions of this investigation are overviewed and the future work is outlined.

5.1 Interim Project Conclusions

Although there is already an extensive and successful city-wide district energy system in Sheffield, incorporating a community heating network and electricity generation, there are several opportunities identified within this initial report for the expansion of this scheme. Furthermore, there is much governmental legislation, both national and international, that aims to increase the amount of energy generated from decentralised sources, such as district heating networks, as these tend to have a reduced environmental impact when compared to large-scale, centralised energy generation. Unfortunately, the amount of decentralised energy generated in the UK is low, especially the amount of combined-heat-and-power district heating.

The award-winning district energy network in Sheffield currently consists of an energy recovery facility that operates on the CHP principle, which is connected to a 44 km underground pipe network. This facility combusts around 28 tonnes/hour (~225,000 tonnes/year) of local municipal solid waste, to generate up to 60 MW of thermal energy, used for district heating, and ~20 MW of electrical energy, which is fed into the National Grid. This feasibility study on decentralised energy has shown that there are many existing and emerging heat sources and sinks within the city, which could be incorporated into this district energy network. Whilst data has already been gathered for many of these, there are still several hundred buildings that have been identified where data is still to be collected. Extending the existing pipeline networks and adding new branches could utilise these other heat suppliers to deliver the thermal energy to the many areas of heat sinks throughout the city – the potential end-users. Expanding the network could thus lead to an expansion of the benefits of decentralised energy across a wider city area. GIS software (ESRI ArcGIS ArcMap) was used to produce initial base maps and then the associated heating loads were attached. The base mapping included identifying the locations of the energy recovery facility and the district energy network pipelines; other energy infrastructure was also identified on the initial base map. The transport infrastructure, such as the primary and strategic roads, tram routes and watercourses were then incorporated on this map, along with all the different building types located within the target area. The brief outlined


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these seven building types as: domestic, governmental, commercial, educational, leisure, industrial and hospitals; each type has its own GIS map layer. Once these initials maps had been produced, they were combined to form an overall GIS base map showing the locations of all the building types and the energy and transport infrastructures. A narrower target area was then identified within the broader city-wide area, which was based on where the data in these layers were concentrated. This was the eastern part of the city and included the city centre, the city centre fringe, several manufacturing/business parks and the areas located along major infrastructure routes – the Don and Sheaf Valleys, some of which extended outside of the city council boundary; all development areas were contained within this new narrowed target area. These areas were where much of the industrial and commercial buildings were located, in addition to many residential zones and thus they include a significant number of both potential heat sources and heat sinks. Once this initial base mapping had been completed, heat mapping – attaching heat demands to the buildings – was then carried out for each GIS layer. The buildings types were divided into two categories: existing and emerging heat sources (potential suppliers) and existing and emerging heat sinks (potential end-users). The first category, potential sources or suppliers, could provide additional thermal capacity into an expanded district energy network. These were subcategorised into existing/current heat sources and emerging/future heat sources. The existing/current heat sources include the considerable amount of low-grade waste heat from various steelworks located in the eastern part of the city. The emerging/future heat sources that could be incorporated include the many renewable energy sources and the potential CHPs plant at the Northern General and Royal Hallamshire hospitals. The primary emerging heat source however is the proposed 30 MW E.ON biomass power station at Blackburn Meadows; whilst the thermal capacity of the plant is currently planned only to be 5-10 MW, discussions with E.ON are promising and it is hoped that this can be increased substantially, based on the outcomes of this work. At present, the total heating capacity of the all heat sources, both existing and emerging that could be potential suppliers to the expanded district energy network has been estimated to be in the region of 6-11 MW, although this could be much larger if E.ON is willing to increase the thermal capacity of their biomass-fuelled power station. The second category, the potential end-users (heat sinks) were also subcategorised, into existing/current heat sinks and emerging/future heat sinks. Domestic areas fitted into both subcategories, since there are both existing and planned residential areas within and outside the city council boundary. Areas of high population/housing density are of particular importance, as these would have the highest concentration of heat demand/heat load. The ‘new builds’ appear to be the most viable, since the energy technologies, such as heat exchangers and heat meters can be installed during the building phase, mitigating the issues of retrofitting these to the existing housing stock. These also have a substantial heat load: 10 MW inside the city border and 25 MW outside it. A range of other buildings types, like industrial, educational, governmental/council, commercial and leisure/community, as well as hospitals were also incorporated, as these would also have significant heat demands (for hot water all year round, but especially for heating in the winter) and were included in the heat mapping. These have been calculated to have a heat load in the region of ~34 MW. Currently, the total heat load of all the heat sinks that could be potential end-users in the expanded district energy network has been estimated to be almost 70 MW, including the industrial, commercial, educational, council and leisure areas/buildings, as well as all residential ‘new builds’ (both within the Sheffield City Council Boundary and the Waverley


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development in Rotherham). Based on the other buildings identified in the Appendix, it is thought that both the heat load of the sinks and the capacity of the heat sources can be appreciably increased. Since the major heat source for an expanded district energy network is located in the Lower Don Valley and there are also a significant number of heat sinks with considerable heat loads here too, this area is a prime development area for an expanded decentralised energy network. The Sheffield-Rotherham Don Valley was identified as such in both the Sheffield Development Framework and the Sheffield Economic Masterplan and is of such importance, there is now also a Lower Don Valley Vision and Masterplan, delineating the commercial, industrial, housing, sport/leisure, transport, energy, flood defence and green infrastructure initiatives for this part of the city. Although a separate community-based energy network incorporating heat and power generation at the proposed E.ON biomass plant is this region would no doubt be considerably beneficial, linking this proposed extension to the existing district energy network would prove fruitful for the achievement of a range of city-wide goals and aims within the many development policies, relating to sustainable economic growth and energy generation for the purpose of climate change mitigation. Furthermore, this would mean that there would be a much larger number of potential heat sinks (customers) that could be connected and thus utilise the heat, warranting the need for a much greater capacity facility at E.ON’s Blackburn Meadows site. This work has already highlighted that the proposed 5-10 MW thermal capacity of this plant could be easily utilised and thus a considerable increase in the thermal output would present an excellent opportunity to provide heat to a range of other end-users across the city. The work so far has been conducted primarily to achieve Deliverables 1, 2 and 3 (the production of GIS-based heat maps identifying and locating potential energy suppliers and customers for an expanded district energy network). Whilst much data has already been collated to meet this, a large number of additional buildings have been identified and, as stated above, data is now being collected and analysed for these. These will enable us to develop an even stronger business case for extending and expanding the existing city-wide district energy network into other areas of the city, particularly in the Sheffield-Rotherham Lower Don Valley. This also aids the business case for an increased capacity at the proposed E.ON facility.

5.2 Future Work

Once the data for the additional buildings has been accumulated and mapped, heat sources and sinks can be linked to identify areas within the city (or in some cases, in discrete areas outside it) where an expansion to the district heating network would be beneficial. These expansions will be located in the regions of the city where there are considerable heat sources and heat sinks, for example, in the Lower Don Valley. This will fulfil Deliverables 1 through 4, summarised above in Section 3.2. Based on the data accumulated, it may be possible to have extensions to the existing network pipeline, in addition to smaller networks that would not be connected to the existing energy infrastructure (Deliverable 5). Based on the locations of the heat sources and sinks and thus the routes of the pipelines, suitable locations for energy centres can then be investigated (Deliverable 6). Once this has been completed, the schemes will be appraised and the most promising developments will be priority rated (Deliverable 7). Different implementation phases for the various schemes and networks can then be discussed (Deliverable 8).


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There may be a number of barriers and public concerns over the impacts that these may have, in terms of the disruptions and disturbances during construction and operation, the costs of the systems (including investor risk) and their environmental impacts. Often, a lack of public acceptance stems from all of these potential negative issues – namely the impacts that these installations will have on them directly, concerning the health and environmental aspects, in addition to how much this will cost them. The further investigation of these issues will fulfil Deliverable 9. Whilst a number of barriers to the development and expansion of the existing district heating network have been identified above, there are many ways in which to minimise the negative impacts and to improve public perception, thus garnering opinions that are more favourable and ultimately leading to more widespread acceptance of the installations. In the final report, an environmental and economic assessment will be included. The environmental impact assessment of the potential expansions of the existing district energy network will evaluate the prospective savings in carbon emissions (CO2) and explore the environmental effects of responding to changes in demand. It is expected that there will be considerable carbon savings compared to the separate and conventional generation of heat and power. The renewable/sustainable energy systems that are to be deployed on a decentralised scale can displace a significant amount of fossil fuels; the reduction in the use of these carbon intensive fuels will in turn result in a decline in carbon emissions. This is imperative for Sheffield to become a low-carbon city. Furthermore, the additional “decarbonisation” of the decentralised energy network can be assessed, through the examination of the use of alternative renewable fuel sources, such as biomass, solar or the use of low-grade waste heat. These environmental assessments will meet Deliverables 10, 12 and 13. The economic assessment for Deliverable 11 will then determine the financial savings that can be generated with the district energy network expansions (addressing the fuel poverty agenda), as well as identifying potential sources of funding that may be available through the many government-backed schemes and initiatives (Deliverable 14). The Renewable Heat Incentive and the Heat and Energy Saving Strategy are two policies that will be implemented in the next few years, where renewable district/community heating will be eligible for financial support. Finally, the business plan for investment in a network expansion will be outlined; this section of the final report will overview all the outcomes that have been achieved, which relate to each of the objectives defined herein. Dissemination of the data and key information is integral and thus presentations at relevant meetings/events will be vital to engage both public and private sector stakeholders. These will achieve the remaining deliverables identified in the initial heat mapping brief.


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6. REFERENCES

[1] Creative Sheffield (2010) The Sheffield Economic Masterplan: Transforming the City in One Generation, [Online]. Available: creativesheffield.co.uk/SheffieldEconomicMaster plan/

[2] Sheffield City Council (2010) Sheffield Development Framework, [Online]. Available: sheffield.gov.uk/planning-and-city-development/planning-documents/sdf

[3] Sheffield City Council (2010) Core Strategy, [Online]. Available: sheffield.gov.uk/ planning-and-city-development/planning-documents/sdf/core-strategy

[4] Creative Sheffield (2010) City Centre Masterplan 2008, [Online]. Available: creative sheffield.co.uk/DevelopInSheffield/CityCentreMasterplan/

[5] Creative Sheffield (2008) Sheffield City Centre Masterplan 2008, [Online]. Available: creativesheffield.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres/AF554189-D48E-4EEF-8BB5-F5477389 E4FC/0/CCMP FINALVERSIONApril09LowRes.pdf

[6] DECC, Department of Energy and Climate Change (2009) Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics 2009, [Online]. Available: decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/statistics/public ations/ dukes/dukes.aspx

[7] European Commission (1997) Communication from the Commission – Energy for the Future: Renewable Sources of Energy, White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan, [Online]. Available: europa.eu/documents/comm/white_papers/pdf/com97_

599_en.pdf

[8] Department of Trade and Industry (2003) Energy White Paper: Our Energy Future – Creating a Low Carbon Economy, [Online]. Available: dti.gov.uk/files/file10719.pdf

[9] DECC, Department of Energy and Climate Change (2010) Meeting the Energy Challenge – A White Paper on Energy, [Online]. Available: decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/public

ations/white_paper_07/white_paper_07.aspx

[10] DECC, Department of Energy and Climate Change (2009) Impact Assessment of Proposals for Implementation of the Community Energy Saving Programme – Summary: Intervention and Options, [Online]. Available: decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/

consultations /open/cesp/cesp.aspx

[11] DECC, Department of Energy and Climate Change (2010) Consultation on Community Energy Saving Programme, [Online]. Available: decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/consultat

ions/open/ cesp/ceps.aspx

[12] HM Government (2009) The UK Renewable Energy Strategy, [Online]. Available: decc.gov .uk/en/content/cms/what_we_do/uk_supply/energy_mix/renewable/res/res.aspx


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[13] DECC, Department of Energy and Climate Change (2010) Renewable Heat Incentive, [Online]. Available: decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/what_we_do/uk_supply/energy_mix/rene wable/policy/renewable_heat/incentive/incentive.aspx

[14] DECC, Department of Energy and Climate Change (2010) Renewable Heat Incentive: Consultation on the Proposed RHI Financial Support Scheme, [Online]. Available: decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/consultations/rhi/rhi.aspx

[15] DECC, Department of Energy and Climate Change (2009) Heat and Energy Saving Strategy: Consultation, [Online]. Available: hes.decc.gov.uk/consultation/download/index -5469.pdf

[16] Toke, D. and Fragaki, A. (2008) Do liberalised electricity markets help or hinder CHP and district heating? The case of the UK, Energy Policy 36, 1448-1456

[17] Kelly, S. and Pollitt, M. (2010) An assessment of the present and future opportunities for combined heat and power with district heating (CHP-DH) in the United Kingdom, Energy Policy 38, 6936-6945

[18] Veolia Environmental Services (UK) Plc (2010) District Energy – Facts and Figures, [Online]. Available: veoliaenvironmentalservices.co.uk/Sheffield/District-Energy/Facts--Figu res/

[19] Veolia Environmental Services (UK) Plc (2010) Energy Recovery Facility (ERF), [Online]. Available: veoliaenvironmentalservices.co.uk/Documents/Publications/Sheffield/Other/ho w _it_works.swf?epslanguage=en-GB

[20] Veolia Environmental Services (UK) Plc (2010) Energy Recovery – The Process, [Online]. Available: veoliaenvironmentalservices.co.uk/Sheffield/Energy-Recovery/ Energy-Recovery---The-Process/

[21] Veolia Environmental Services (UK) Plc (2010) Energy Recovery FAQs, [Online]. Available: veoliaenvironmentalservices.co.uk/Sheffield/Energy-Recovery/FAQs/#Q26 53

[22] Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2006) Guidance on Directive 2000/76/EC on the Incineration of Waste – Edition 3, [Online]. Available: defra.gov.uk/ environment/ppc/wasteincin/pdf/wid-guidance-edition3.pdf

[23] Veolia Environmental Services (UK) Plc (2010) Sheffield Emissions Data, [Online]. Available: veoliaenvironmentalservices.co.uk/Sheffield/Energy-Recovery/Emissions/

[24] Veolia Environmental Services (UK) Plc (n.d.) Sheffield District Heating Network, [Online]. Available: veoliaenvironmentalservices.co.uk/Documents/Publications/Sheffield/ sheffheat_web/index.htm

[25] DECC, Department of Energy and Climate Change (2010) Renewables Obligation, [Online]. Available: decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/what_we_do/uk_supply/energy_mix/rene wable/policy/renew_obs/renew_obs.aspx

[26] HM Government (2009) The UK Low Carbon Transition Plan: National Strategy for Climate and Energy, [Online]. Available: decc.gov.uk/assets/decc/white%20papers/uk%20 low%20carbon%20transition%20plan%20wp09/1_20090724153238_e_@@_lowcarbontransitionplan.pdf

[27] Porteous, A. (2005) Why energy from waste incineration is an essential component of environmentally responsible waste management, Waste Management 25, 451-459


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[28] Sheffield City Council (2010) Our Performance with Waste: National Indicators - Targets, [Online]. Available: sheffield.gov.uk/environment/waste/ourperformance

[29] Sheffield City Council (2009) Sheffield Development Framework: Core Strategy – Key Diagram, [Online]. Available: sheffield.gov.uk/planning-and-city-development/planningdocu ments/sdf/core-strategy

[30] Creative Sheffield (2010) Sheffield Economic Masterplan, [Online]. Available: creative sheffield.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres/F652AAC7-9FAE-4DE7-AD3D-D2BA4465ECBCBF/0/Economic Masterplan.pdf

[31] Heywood, I., Cornelius, S. and Carver, S. (2006) An Introduction to Geographical Information Systems 3rd ed., Harlow: Pearson Prentice Hall

[32] Newcastle University (2011) EPSRC Thermal Management of Industrial Processes: National Sources of Low Grade Heat Available from the Process Industry – Progress Report, [Online]. Available: research.ncl.ac.uk/pro-tem/components/pdfs/EPSRC_Thermal _Managemeng_progress_report_Newcastle_University_2%20(2).pdf

[33] E.ON UK plc (2010) Blackburn Meadows, [Online]. Available: eon-uk.com/generation/1490.

aspx

[34] E.ON UK plc (2007) Proposed New Renewable Energy Plant at Blackburn Meadows Sheffield: Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Statement, [Online]. Available: eon-uk.com/downloads/4_EON_BBM_Renewable_Energy_Plant_ES_Appendix_A_-_Scoping_Statement.pdf

[35] DECC, Department of Energy and Climate Change (2010) Energy Consumption in the United Kingdom: Domestic Data Tables, [Online]. Available: decc.gov.uk/media/view

file.ashx?filetype=4&filepath=Statistics/publications/ecuk/269-ecuk-domestic-2010.xls&minwidth

[36] Hawkes, A.D. and Leach, M.A. (2008) On policy instruments for support of micro combined heat and power, Energy Policy 36, 2973-2982

[37] DECC, Department of Energy and Climate Change (2010) Energy Trends: December 2010, [Online]. Available: decc.gov.uk/media/viewfile.ashx?filetype=4&filepath=Statistics/ publications/energytrends/1082-trendsdec10.pdf&minwid

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[39] RiDO Rotherham Investment and Development Office (n.d.) Waverley Development, [Online]. Available: rido.org.uk/major-developments/waverley-development


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7. APPENDICES

7.1 Appendix 1: List of Current District Energy Users

CURRENT DISTRICT ENERGY USER ESTIMATED HEAT LOAD (MW)

2 St.Pauls Place

2 Surrey Place (Deaf Club)

23 Northumberland Road (Cancer Information Centre)

63 Norfolk Road

8 Furnival Road (Plusnet)

Adamfield Tower Block

All Saints School

Bard Street Phase 1

Bard Street Phase 2

Bard Street Phase 3

BBC Radio Sheffield 0.15

Broomcross Building (Linac)

Brunswick House – NHS

Castle College

Castle College/Workshops

Castle College DHW

Castle Green

Castle House

Castle Market

Central Health Clinic

Central Library/Graves Art Gallery 0.34

Charles Clifford Dental Hospital

City Hall 0.37

Combined Courts

Concept House – Inland Revenue

Cornhill Tower Block

Crawshaw Tower Block

Crucible Theatre

Crucible Theatre – Chiller

Cutlers Inn Hotel

Dearing House

Derwent House

Eldon House

Eye Witness Works

Family Courts

Fountain Precinct

Freeman College

Hanover Twin Tower Block

Hilton Hotel

Howden House

Hyde Park Walk & Terrace


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Jurys Inn

Leverton Gardens – Gregory

Leverton Gardens – Keating

Leverton Gardens – Wiggen

Lyceum Theatre 1.2

Magistrates Court

Mayfield Court

Millennium Gallery 0.39

Milton House

Moorfoot Building (SCC)

New Oxford House

Norfolk Park Area Housing

Norfolk Park Primary School 0.04

NSPCC Young Persons Centre

Odeon Cinema

Old Parkhill

Parkhill Flats (New Standby Boiler House)

Parkway Edge

Pearl Assurance House

Ponds Forge Int. Sports Centre 3.5

Redvers House

Richfield House

Robertshaw Tower Block

Ruskin Gallery

S1 City Gate

Showroom Cinemas ~1.0

SHU Adsetts Centre

SHU Arundel Building

SHU Furnival Building

SHU Harmer Building

SHU Howard Building

SHU Owen Building

SHU Sheaf Building

SHU Stoddart Building

SHU The HUBs

St. Georges Community Health

St. Marie's Church

St.Pauls Hotel 3.5

SYPTE Arundel Gate – TIC

SYPTE Ponds Street Interchange

Telephone House

Terminal & Grain Warehouse

The Pinnacles

The Straddle

The Workstation

Town Hall 0.42

Transport Executive

UoS 3 Northumberland Road

UoS Admin/Gym

UoS Admin/Showers

UoS Amy Johnson Building

UoS Applied Science

UoS Arts Tower

UoS Bartolme House

UoS Bio Incubator


Page 65

UoS Biology Block Extension

UoS Biology Block/Alfred Denny Building

UoS Brunswick Street

UoS Bursars/Admin Building

UoS Central Annexe

UoS Chelsi Building

UoS Chemistry Beaumont

UoS Chemistry Dainton

UoS Chemistry North

UoS Chemistry North 2

UoS Cofield Pool/Goodwin

UoS Computing Services

UoS Division of Education

UoS Edwardian Building

UoS Elmfield Building

UoS Firth Court ~4.0

UoS Foundry Heating/Materials

UoS Geography Building

UoS Hadfield Tower (rooftop)

UoS Hicks Building

UoS ICOSS Building

UoS Information Commons

UoS Jessops Building (1658)

UoS Jessops West (1664)

UoS Mappin Building

UoS North Campus - Kroto Building

UoS North Campus - Stage 2

UoS North Campus Nanoscience

UoS Octagon Centre ~1.5

UoS Old Refractory

UoS Old Students Union Ext./Old Turning Chamber

UoS Old Students Union/Graves

UoS Plant Science

UoS Portobello Centre

UoS Psychology Annexe

UoS Psychology/Goodwin

UoS Quadrangle Building

UoS Robert Hadfield Building (1807)

UoS Shearwood Road/Drama Studios/English Literature

UoS St.Georges Church

UoS University House

UoS University Library

UoS West Wing/North Wing

Upper Chapel – (Channing Hall)

Victoria Hall

Walsh Court

Weston Park Hospital ~2.0

Weston Park Museum 0.29

Winter Gardens 0.22

Yorkshire Art Space


Page 66

7.2 Appendix 2: List of Large Energy Users

NAME TYPE

Royal Hallamshire Hospital (850beds) Large Hospital

Northern General Hospital (1100beds) Large Hospital

Weston Park Hospital Medium Hospital

Jessop Wing (262beds) Medium Hospital

The Claremont Hospital (41beds) Small Hospital

Thornbury Hospital (77beds) Small Hospital

Community Health Sheffield NHS Trust Small Hospital

Shirle Hill Small Hospital

Sheffield Childrens Hospital Small Hospital

Whiteley Wood Clinic Small Hospital

Jurys Inn Sheffield Large Hotel

The Beauchief Hotel Medium Hotel

The Rutland Hotel Medium Hotel

Kenwood Hall Hotel Medium Hotel

KSpace Serviced Apartments Medium Hotel

City Crash Pad Serviced Apartments Sheffield Medium Hotel

Grosvenor House Hotel Medium Hotel

Copthorne Hotel Sheffield Medium Hotel

Leopold Hotel Medium Hotel

Sheffield Park Hotel Medium Hotel

Premier Inn Sheffield City Centre Medium Hotel

Hotel Ibis Sheffield City Medium Hotel

Travelodge Sheffield Central Hotel Medium Hotel

Park Inn Sheffield Medium Hotel

Holiday Inn Sheffield Medium Hotel

Hilton Sheffield Medium Hotel

Premier Inn Sheffield Arena Medium Hotel

Travelodge Richmond Medium Hotel

Travelodge Sheffield Meadowhall Medium Hotel

Premier Inn (Meadowhall) Medium Hotel

Leopold Hotel, Sheffield Medium Hotel

Mercure St Paul's Hotel and Spa Sheffield Medium Hotel

Hotel Novotel Sheffield Centre Medium Hotel

Aston Hotel Sheffield/Rotherham Medium Hotel

Hotel Ibis Sheffield South Medium Hotel

Premier Inn Sheffield City Centre (St. Mary's Gate) Medium Hotel

The Fulwood Inn Small Hotel

The Garrison Hotel Small Hotel

The Harley Small Hotel

Nether Edge Hotel Small Hotel

Whitley Hall Hotel Small Hotel

The Priory Hotel Small Hotel

Staindrop Lodge Small Hotel

Best Western Cutlers Hotel Small Hotel

Riverside Court Hotel Small Hotel

Mosborough Hall Hotel Small Hotel

Days Inn Hotel Sheffield South Small Hotel

The Fairways Hotel Small Hotel

The Psalter Small Hotel

Sheffield Hallam University - Collegiate Crescent Campus Large Educational


Page 67

The University of Sheffield Large Educational

Sheffield Hallam University - City Campus Large Educational

King Ecgbert Medium-Large Educational

Silverdale Medium-Large Educational

High Storrs Medium-Large Educational

Tapton Medium-Large Educational

Notre Dame RC High Medium-Large Educational

King Edward VII (Upper) Medium-Large Educational

Meadowhead Medium-Large Educational

Ecclesfield Medium-Large Educational

All Saints Catholic High Medium-Large Educational

Firth Park Community Arts College Medium-Large Educational

Hinde House (Secondary Phase) Medium-Large Educational

Birley Community College Medium-Large Educational

City School Medium-Large Educational

Handsworth Grange Community Sports College Medium-Large Educational

Westfield Sports College Medium-Large Educational

Westfield Sports College Medium-Large Educational

Sheffield High School Medium-Large Educational

Sheffield Park Academy Medium-Large Educational

Stocksbridge High Small-Medium Educational

Bradfield Small-Medium Educational

Wisewood Small-Medium Educational

Myers Grove Small-Medium Educational

Abbeydale Grange Small-Medium Educational

Hillsborough College Small-Medium Educational

Chaucer Business and Enterprise College Small-Medium Educational

Yewlands Technology College Small-Medium Educational

Parkwood High Small-Medium Educational

Southey Green Community Primary Small-Medium Educational

Freeman College Small-Medium Educational

Sheffield City College Small-Medium Educational

Newfield Small-Medium Educational

Longley Park Sixth Form College Small-Medium Educational

Hartley Brook Primary Small-Medium Educational

Beck Primary Small-Medium Educational

Fir Vale Small-Medium Educational

Sheffield Springs Academy Small-Medium Educational

Birley Primary Small-Medium Educational

Sheffield College Peaks Centre Small-Medium Educational

Norton College Small-Medium Educational

Birkdale School Small-Medium Educational

Stocksbridge Nursery Infant Small Educational

Stocksbridge Junior School Small Educational

Nook Lane Junior Small Educational

Hallam Primary Small Educational

Totley All Saints CE Primary Small Educational

Oughtibridge Primary Small Educational

Dore Primary Small Educational

Nether Green Infant Small Educational

Loxley Primary Small Educational

Nether Green Junior Small Educational

Shooters Grove Primary Small Educational

Ecclesall CE Junior Small Educational

Lydgate Junior Small Educational


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Lydgate Infant Small Educational

St. Marie's Catholic Primary Small Educational

Malin Bridge Primary Small Educational

Marlcliffe Primary Small Educational

Greystones Primary Small Educational

Sir Harold Jackson Primary (now Bradway Primary) Small Educational

Dobcroft Infant Small Educational

Rivelin Primary Small Educational

Hillsborough Primary Small Educational

Westways Primary Small Educational

Grenoside Primary Small Educational

Westbourne School Small Educational

Hunters Bar Infant Small Educational

Sacred Heart Catholic Primary Small Educational

Fox Hill Primary Small Educational

Walkley Primary Small Educational

Parson Cross CE Primary Small Educational

High Green Primary Small Educational

Meynell Primary Small Educational

Carter Knowle Junior Small Educational

Mansel Primary Small Educational

Greenhill Primary Small Educational

St. Mary's (High Green) Catholic Primary Small Educational

Abbey Lane Primary Small Educational

Lowedges Primary Small Educational

Abbeydale Primary Small Educational

St. Thomas of Canterbury Catholic Primary Small Educational

Windmill Hill Primary Small Educational

Woodseats Primary Small Educational

Sharrow School Small Educational

Watercliffe Meadow Community Primary Small Educational

Lowfield Primary Small Educational

Longley Primary Small Educational

Lower Meadow Primary Small Educational

Lound Junior Small Educational

Mundella Primary Small Educational

Coit Primary Small Educational

Anns Grove Primary Small Educational

Monteney Primary Small Educational

Ecclesfield Primary Small Educational

St. Catherine's Catholic Primary Small Educational

Carfield Primary Small Educational

Firs Hill Community Primary Small Educational

Pye Bank CE Primary Small Educational

Byron Wood Primary Small Educational

Norton Free CE Primary Small Educational

St. Patrick's Catholic Primary Small Educational

Hucklow Primary Small Educational

Bankwood Primary Small Educational

Whiteways Junior Small Educational

Arbourthorne Community Primary Small Educational

Norfolk Community Primary Small Educational

Hatfield Primary Small Educational

Wybourn Community Primary Small Educational

Manor Lodge Primary Small Educational


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Owler Brook Nursery and Infant Small Educational

Emmaus Catholic and C of E Primary Small Educational

Valley Park Primary Small Educational

Concord Junior Small Educational

Limpsfield Junior Small Educational

Prince Edward Primary Small Educational

Charnock Hall Primary Small Educational

Acres Hill Community Primary Small Educational

Gleadless Primary Small Educational

Phillimore Community Primary Small Educational

Pipworth Community Primary School Small Educational

Intake Primary Small Educational

Woodthorpe Community Primary Small Educational

Greenlands Nursery Infant Small Educational

Stradbroke Primary Small Educational

Athelstan Primary Small Educational

Tinsley Junior School Small Educational

Birley Spa Primary Small Educational

Woodhouse West Primary Small Educational

St. John Fisher Catholic Primary Small Educational

Ballifield Primary Small Educational

Rainbow Forge Primary Small Educational

Mosborough Primary Small Educational

Brunswick Primary Small Educational

Emmanuel Junior Small Educational

Reignhead Primary Small Educational

Beighton Nursery Infant Small Educational

Dobcroft Junior Small Educational

Hunters Bar Junior Small Educational

Manor Lodge Primary Small Educational

Greenlands Nursery Infant Small Educational

Reignhead Primary Small Educational

Brook House Junior Small Educational

Deepcar St Johns CE Junior Small Educational

St. Wilfrid's Catholic Primary Small Educational

Green Line Oils Ltd Industry - Chemicals

Laporte Fluorides Plc Industry - Chemicals

Rhodia Eco Services Ltd Industry - Chemicals

Cadbury Trebor Basset Industry - Food & Drink

Georgia Pacific UK Ltd Industry - Pulp & Paper

SCA Hygiene Products Industry - Pulp & Paper

Stocksbridge Works Industry - Steelworks

Outokumpu Stainless Industry - Steelworks

Sheffield Forgemasters Engineering Ltd Industry - Steelworks

Betafence Ltd Industry - Steelworks

ERASTEEL (UK) Ltd Industry - Steelworks

Enpar Special Alloys Ltd Industry - Steelworks

Kiveton Park Steel Ltd Industry - Steelworks

Veolia Industry - Steelworks

Blackburn Meadows WWTW Industry - Steelworks

The Source at Meadowhall Industry - Steelworks

M1 Distribution Centre Industry - Steelworks

Magna Science Adventure Centre Industry - Steelworks

Town Hall Medium Public Administration

Sheffield City Hall Medium Public Administration


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Stocksbridge Fire Station Small Public Administration

Rivelin Valley Fire Station Small Public Administration

Hammerton Road Police Station Small Public Administration

Lowedges Road Fire Station Small Public Administration

Lowedges Housing Office Small Public Administration

Woodseats Police Station Small Public Administration

Central Fire Station Small Public Administration

West Bar Police Station Small Public Administration

Chapeltown Local First Point Small Public Administration

Jordanthorpe Housing Office Small Public Administration

Elm Lane Fire Station Small Public Administration

Ecclesfield Police Station Small Public Administration

Firth Park Access Point Small Public Administration

Newfield Green Housing Office Small Public Administration

Sheffield Headquarters Small Public Administration

Mansfield Road Fire Station Small Public Administration

Darnall Road Fire Station Small Public Administration

Darnall Housing Office Small Public Administration

Mosborough Fire Station Small Public Administration

Moss Way Police Station Small Public Administration

Wordsworth Avenue Housing Office Small Public Administration

Meadowhall Shopping Centre Large Retail

Crystal Peaks Shopping Centre Large Retail

Hillsborough Shopping Mall Medium Retail

WM Morrison Supermarkets Medium Retail

Tesco Medium Retail

Sainsbury's Supermarkets Medium Retail

Waitrose Medium Retail

The Moor Shopping Centre Medium Retail

Orchard Square Shopping Centre Medium Retail

ASDA Stores Medium Retail

Tesco Medium Retail



ASDA Stores Medium Retail

Sheltered Housing - Chantrey Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Callow Mount Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Sweeney House Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Balfour House Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Helliwell Court Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Westnall House Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Park View Lodge Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Broomfield House Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Charles Square Hamlet Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Cherry Tree Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Newgate Close Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Lytton Court Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - St Georges Court Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - John Trickett House Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Ernest Copley House Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Painted Fabrics Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Eva Ratcliffe House Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Cambridge Court Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Blackwell Court Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Orpen House Social Work with Accomm.


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Sheltered Housing - Elm Tree House Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Newman Court Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Holly Bank Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Welwyn Court Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Springwater House Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Newton Croft Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Blackberry Hamlet Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Low Edges Social Work with Accomm.

Sheltered Housing - Ernest Fox House Social Work with Accomm.

Bramall Lane Large Sports Arena

Hillsborough Football Stadium Large Sports Arena

Stocksbridge Leisure Centre Medium Sports Arena

Hillsborough Leisure Centre Medium Sports Arena

King Edwards Swimming Pool Medium Sports Arena

Zest Centre Medium Sports Arena

Heeley Pool Medium Sports Arena

Chapeltown Baths Medium Sports Arena

Graves Tennis & Leisure Centre Medium Sports Arena

Verdon Street Recreation Centre Medium Sports Arena

Ponds Forge International Sports Centre Medium Sports Arena

Concord Sports Centre Medium Sports Arena

Springs Leisure Centre Medium Sports Arena

Don Valley Stadium Medium Sports Arena

English Institute of Sport Sheffield Medium Sports Arena

iceSheffield Medium Sports Arena

Waltheof Sports Centre Medium Sports Arena

Sheffield Arena (13,500capacity) Medium Sports Arena

The Crucible Theatre Sports/Entertainment Venue

The Lyceum Theatre Sports/Entertainment Venue

The Studio Theatre Sports/Entertainment Venue

Ecclesall Library Other

Hillsborough Library Other

Broomhill Library Other

Weston Park Museum Other

Kelham Island Industrial Museum Other

Chapeltown Library Other

Millenium Gallery Other

Graves Gallery Other

Crystal Peaks Library Other

Ruskin Gallery Other

Central Library Other

Limpsfield Library Other

Stocksbridge Library Other

Stannington Library Other

Totley Library Other

Walkley Library Other

Greenhill Library Other

Upperthorpe Library Other

Parson Cross Library Other

Woodseats Library Other

Highfield Library Other

Ecclesfield Library Other

Jordanthorpe Library Other

Park Library Other

Firth Park Library Other


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Newfield Green Library Other

Manor Library Other

Gleadless Library Other

Frecheville Library Other

Tinsley Library Other

Shepherd Wheel (Museum) Other

Woodhouse Library Other

Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet (Museum) Other

7.3 Appendix 3: List of Other Buildings Where Data is Required

BUILDING POSTCODE

INDUSTRY

Georgia Pacific UK LTD (paper and pulp) S35 0ND

Veolia Environmental Services (steelworks) S4 7ZJ

Outokumpa Stainless (steelworks) S9 3XG

Sheffield Forgemasters Engineering Ltd. (steelworks) S9 2RX

Blackburn Meadows WWTW (steelworks) S9 1HF

The Source at Meadowhall (steelworks) S9 1EA

Stocksbridge Works (steelworks) S36 2JA

Enpar Special Alloys Ltd (steelworks) S35 9YR

Kiveton Park Steel Ltd (steelworks) S4 7ZJ

M1 Distribution Centre (steelworks) S9 1EW

BETAFENCE Ltd. (steelworks) S9 1TX

ERASTEEL (UK) Ltd. (steelworks) S9 5NF

Magna Science Adventure Centre (steelworks) S60 1DX

COMMERCIAL – RETAIL AND HOTELS

Meadowhall Shopping Centre S9 1EP

Crystal Peaks Shopping Mall & Retail Park S20 7PJ

Asda Supercentre S13 9BN

Asda Supercentre S35 2UW

Sainsbury's Superstore – Archer Road S8 0TD

Sainsbury's Superstore – Crystals Peaks S20 7PJ

Sainsbury's Superstore – The Moor S1 4PA

Tesco – Abbeydale S7 2QB

Tesco – Infirmary Road S6 3BU

Tesco – Ecclesall Metro S11 8PN

Tesco – Southey Metro S5 7HF

Tesco – Woodseats Metro S8 0SL

WM Morrison Supermarkets – Hillsborough S6 2GY

WM Morrison Supermarkets – Meadowhead S8 7UE

WM Morrison Supermarkets – Catcliffe S60 5TR

WM Morrison Supermarkets – Ecclesfield S35 9WJ

WM Morrison Supermarkets – Halfway S20 8GN

Waitrose S11 8HY

The Moor Shopping Centre S1 4PG

Orchard Square Shopping Centre S1 2FB

Hillsborough Shopping Mall S6 2LR

Rutland Hotel S10 2PY


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Kenwood Hall Hotel S7 1NQ

Sheffield Marriot Hotel S7 1NQ

KSpace Sinclair Serviced Apartments S1 4DA

Kspace West One Apartments S1 4JJ

Kspace Sharrow Point Apartments S11 8FT

Premier Inn Sheffield City Centre - St Mary’s Gate S1 3UP

City Crash Pad Serviced Apartments S1 4EQ

Grosvenor House Hotel S1 3EH

Copthorne Hotel Sheffield S2 4SU

Leopold Hotel S1 2GZ

Hotel Novotel Sheffield Centre S1 2PR

Premier Inn Sheffield City Centre S3 8LN

Hotel Ibis Sheffield City S1 2AR

Travelodge Sheffield Central Hotel S1 2JE

Park Inn Sheffield S1 2PR

Holiday Inn Sheffield S3 8LN

Premier Inn Sheffield Arena S9 2LU

Travelodge Sheffield Meadowhall S9 1JQ

Travelodge Richmond S2 1FF

Premier Inn Meadowhall S9 2YL

Aston Hotel Sheffield/Rotherham S60 5BD

The Fairways Hotel S60 5NU

The Harley S10 2HW

Nether Edge Hotel S7 1LN

The Priory Hotel S7 1LJ

Riverside Court Hotel S3 8GG

Mosborough Hall Hotel S20 5EA

The Psalter S11 8UR

The Fulwood Inn S10 3FG

The Garrison Hotel S6 2GB

City Lodgings Limited S3 8NB

Sheffield Park Hotel S8 8BW

The Beauchief Hotel S7 2QW

Norfolk Arms Hotel S11 7TS

Westbourne House S10 2QQ

Whitley Hall Hotel S35 8NR

Staindrop Lodge S35 3UH

Diplomats Lodge S3 9AE

EDUCATIONAL

Sheffield Hallam University – Collegiate Crescent Campus S10 2BP

Sheffield University – Addison Building S10 2TN

Sheffield Hallam University – City Campus S1 1WB

Sheffield High School S10 2PB

King Edward VII School (upper) S10 2PW

Tapton Secondary School S10 5RG

Notre Dame RC High School S10 3BT

Sheffield Park Academy S2 1RY

High Storrs School S11 7HL

Hinde House S5 6AG

Sheffield City College S2 2RL

Myers Grove School S6 5HG

Hillsborough College S6 2ET

Fir Vale Enterprise Centre S4 8GB

Sheffield Springs Academy S12 2SF

Sharrow School S7 1BE

Lowfield Primary S2 4NJ


Page 74

Wybourn Community Primary S2 5ED

Norfolk Community Primary S2 2PJ

Westbourne School S10 2QT

Birkdale School S10 3FD

St. Catherine’s Catholic Primary School S4 7BX

Whiteways Primary/Junior School S4 8EX

Carfield Primary School S8 9HJ

Owler Brook Nursery and Infant S4 8HQ

Greenlands Nursery Infant S9 4RP

Greenlands Junior School S9 4RP

Angram Bank Children's Centre S35 4HN

Arbourthorne Children's Centre S2 3WP

Athelstan Children's Centre S13 8HH

Bankwood Children's Centre S14 1LW

Beighton Children's centre S20 1EG

Birley Community Nursery and Children's Centre S12 3AB

Brightside Children's Centre S9 1AS

Broomhall Nursery and Children's Centre S10 2DN

Burngreave Children's Centre S3 9LB

Chancet Wood Children's Centre S8 7TR

Charnock Children's Centre S12 3HS

Darnall Children's Centre S9 4RA

Early Days Children's Centre S5 8GS

First Start Children's Centre Nursery S5 6HH

Fox Hill and Grenoside Children's Centre S6 1AZ

Grace Owen Nursery School S2 5SB

Hillsborough Children's Centre S6 2AA

Holt House Children's Centre S7 2EW

Lindsay Nursery S5 7WE

Meadow Children's Centre (Southey Shirecliffe) S5 8XJ

Monteney Children's Centre S5 9DN

Owler Brook Children's Centre S4 8HQ

Primrose Children's Centre S6 2TN

Sharrow Children's Centre S7 1BE

Shiregreen Children's Centre S5 0ER

Shiregreen Children's Centre S5 0GG

Shooters Grove Children's Centre S6 5HN

Stocksbridge Children's Centre S36 1DY

Tinsley Green Children's Centre S9 1SG

Valley Park Children's Centre S14 1SL

Woodhouse Children's Centre S13 7BP

Woodthorpe Children's Centre S13 8DA

Wybourn Children's Centre S2 5EE

Nether Edge Primary S7 1RB

Bradfield Dungworth Primary S6 6HE

Broomhill Infant S10 2SA

Clifford CE Infant S11 8YU

Dobcroft Infant S7 2LN

Dobcroft Junior S7 2LN

Gleadless Primary S12 2EJ

Grenoside Primary S35 8QB

Hallam Primary S10 4BD

Hucklow Primary S5 6TB

Rainbow Forge Primary S12 4LQ

St. Joseph's Catholic Primary S13 9AT

St. Mary's (High Green) Catholic Primary S35 3HY

Stannington Infant School S6 6AN


Page 75

Waterthorpe Nursery Infant S20 7JU

Abbeydale Grange Secondary School S7 2GU

Bradfield Secondary School S35 0AE

Ecclesfield Secondary School S35 9WD

Firth Park Community Arts College S5 0SD

King Ecgbert Secondary School S17 3QU

King Edward VII (Lower) Secondary School S10 5RG

King Edward VII (Upper) Secondary School S10 2PW

Meadowhead Secondary School S8 8BR

Newfield S8 9JP

Silverdale S11 9QH

Westfield Sports College S20 1HQ

Westfield Sports Centre S20 1HQ

Wisewood Secondary School S6 4BH

Yewlands Technology College S35 8NN

Longley Park Sixth Form College S5 6SG

Parkwood Academy S5 8UF

Aldine House S17 3ES

Bents Green Secondary S8 8JS

Heritage Park Community School S2 2RU

Holgate Meadows Community School S5 7WE

Mossbrook Primary S8 8JR

Becton School (formerly Oakwood School) S20 1NZ

Seven Hills Special School (Split Site until 2010) S2 3PX

Seven Hills Special School (Split Site until 2010) S8 8LN

Shirle Hill Education Service S20 1NZ

Talbot Specialist School S8 9JP

Administration and IT Centre (Educational Establishment) S1 4RG

Bannerdale Centre (Educational Establishment) S7 2EX

CDT Support Services (Educational Establishment) S7 2EX

Chapeltown Training Centre (Educational Establishment) S35 2UZ

Children's University (Educational Establishment) S7 2EX

C'mon Everybody City Learning Centre S5 8XJ

Construction Design City Learning Centre S2 1TR

Corporate Contract Consultancy (Purchasing) City Learning Centre S1 2HH

Development Education City Learning Centre S1 4SE

Duke of Edinburgh's Award City Learning Centre S2 3EN

Ethnic Minority and Travellers Achievement Service City Learning Centre S7 2EX

Extended Curriculum Team City Learning Centre S1 2SH

Intensive Support for Learning City Learning Centre S2 2JQ

Hospital Sector City Learning Centre S10 2TH

English Institute of Sport PfS Study Support Centre S9 5DA

Sheffield Playing for Success Study Support Centre S7 2EX

Sheffield Sharks PfS Study Support Centre S5 6AE

Sheffield United PfS Study Support Centre S2 4SU

Sheffield Wednesday PfS Study Support Centre S6 1SW

Norton College S8 8BR

Sheffield College Peaks Centre S20 8LY

SPORTS ARENAS/ENTERTAINMENT/LIBRARIES/MUSEUMS

Bramall Lane (Sheffield Utd Football Ground) S2 4RD

Hillsborough Stadium (Sheffield Wednesday Football Ground) S6 1SW

King Edward’s Swimming Pool S10 2LB

Hillsborough Leisure Centre S6 2AN

Zest Centre S6 3NA

Verdon Street Recreation Centre S3 9QS

Waltheof Sports Centre S2 1RY


Page 76

Heeley Pool Swimming Baths S8 0XQ

Myrtle Springs Leisure Centre S2 2AL

Concord Sports Centre S5 6AE

Don Valley Stadium S9 3TL

English Institute of Sport Sheffield S9 5DA

iceSheffield S9 5DA

Sheffield Arena S9 2DG

Sheffield Valley Centertainment S9 2EP

Chapeltown Baths S35 1RX

Graves Tennis & Leisure Centre S8 8JR

The Studio Theatre S1 1LA

Broomhill Library S10 5BR

Burngreave Library S4 7LF

Chapeltown Library & Children's Centre S35 1AE

Crystal Peaks Library S20 7PH

Darnall Library S9 5JG

Ecclesall Library S11 9PL

Ecclesfield Library S35 9UA

Firth Park Library S5 6QQ

Frecheville Library S12 4YD

Gleadless Library S12 3GH

Greenhill Library S8 7FE

Highfield Library S2 4NF

Hillsborough Library S6 4HD

Jordanthorpe Library S8 8DX

Limpsfield Library S9 1AN

Manor Library S12 2SS

Newfield Green Library S2 2BT

Park Library S2 5QP

Parson Cross Library S5 9ND

Southey Library S5 8RB

Stannington Library S6 6BX

Stocksbridge Library S36 1DH

Tinsley Library S9 1UY

Totley Library S17 4DT

Upperthorpe Library S6 3NA

Walkley Library S6 3TD

Woodhouse Library S13 7JU

Woodseats Library S8 0SH

Kelham Island Industrial Museum S3 8RY

Shepherd Wheel Museum S11 7ES

Botanical Gardens S11 8RA

Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet (Museum) S7 2QW

HOSPITALS/HEALTH CARE FACILITIES

Northern General S5 7AU

Royal Hallamshire Hospital S10 2JF

Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Jessops Wing S10 2SF

Shirle Hill Hospital S11 9AA

Sheffield Children’s Hospital S10 2TH

Thornbury Hospital S10 3BR

Community Health Sheffield NHS Trust S11 9BJ

The Claremont Hospital S10 3BR

Whiteley Wood Clinic S10 3TK

NHS Sheffield (Commissioning) Headquarters S9 4EU

Sheffield PCT (Provider Services) Headquarters S6 2LR

Brincliffe House NHS Sheffield S11 9BD


Page 77

Centre for HIV and Sexual Health S10 2BA

Fairlawns NHS Sheffield S6 1TT

Firth Park Clinic S5 6NU

Green Lane NHS Sheffield S35 9WY

Manor Clinic NHS Sheffield S12 2ST

Orgreave NHS Sheffield S13 9LQ

Sheffield Health and Social Care NHS Foundation Trust S10 3TH

The Longley Centre S5 7JT

Michael Carlisle Centre S11 9BF

Forest Close/Forest Lodge S35 0JW

Crisis Assessment Home Treatment Service S2 4EA

Northlands Community Health Centre S12 4QN

East Glade Centre S12 4QN

Argyll House S11 9AR

The Yews S35 0AU

SORT: Sheffield Outreach Team S3 7EZ

Limbrick Rd Day Service S6 2PE

City Rd Day Service S13 9WB

Pitsmoor Rd Day Service S3 9AQ

Moncrieffe Rd Day Service S7 1HQ

Howard Rd Day Service S6 5RX

Substance Misuse Service S1 4JP

Grenoside Grange S35 8QS

Kirkhill Resource Centre/Brooklees Day Hospital S8 7LE

Redwood Day Hospital S5 7AU

Birch Avenue S35 8QS

Darnall Dementia Group S9 4JT

Bolehill View S10 1QL

Foxwood S12 2SM

Hurlfield View S12 2UU

Norbury S5 7BB

COUNCIL/GOVERNMENTAL

New Bank House (council) S1 2DW

Central Buildings (council) S1 2GJ

Sovereign House – fl2-5 (council) S1 2DW

Sovereign House – Ground Floor (council) S1 2DW

Cathedral Court – fl5 (council) S1 1HD

Barkers Pool House – fl1-3 (council) S1 2HF

Palatine Chambers (council) S1 2HN

Castle Market Buildings – fl1-5 (council) S1 2AH

Yorkshire House – fl2 (council) S1 2GZ

1, St Peters Close (council) S1 2UK

7, St. Peters Close (council) S1 2EJ

Carbrook Office Park (council) S9 2EH

Meersbrook Offices (council) S8 9FJ

1-3 Peaks Mount (council) S20 7AN

Station Road, Darnall (council) S9 4JU

96-100 Middlewood Road (council) S6 4HA

164-170, Queens Road, Suite 4 (council) S2 4DH

92-98 Queen Street (council) S1 2DW

The Parade and Unit 7, The Mall, Hillsborough (council) S6 2LR

512-516, Manchester Road (council) S36 2DU

Chambers Court (council) S35 2XE

25, Station Road (council) S35 2XE

333, Wordsworth Avenue (council) S5 8NH

Moonshine Lane (council) S5 8RF


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Shipton Street (Former – Addy Street) (council) S6 3FJ

Verdant Way (council) S5 6LE

177, Spital Hill (council) S4 7LF

88, Gervase Road (council) S8 7PS

17, Jordanthorpe Centre (council) S8 8DX

The Old School, Darnall (council) S9 4JT

5, Chapel Street (council) S13 7JL

250, Park Grange Road (council) S2 3RD

12, Ulley Road (council) S13 8BB

607, Gleadless Road (council) S2 2BT

55, Jaunty Way (council) S12 3DZ

18-22 Union Street (council) S1 2JP

Solpro (council) S4 7WB

Part Staniforth Road, Depot (council) S9 3GZ

84, Sheldon Road (council) S7 1GX

Bannerdale centre (council) S7 2EA

33, Love Street (Former 51, Bridge Street) (council) S3 8NW

Crown Prosecution Service - Greenfield House Site S3 7BS

Department for Business, Innovation and Skills - Capital For Enterprise Ltd S8 0XN

Department for Business, Innovation and Skills - CORE S2 4LA

Department for Business, Innovation and Skills - Learning and Skills Council S2 5SY

Department for Business, Innovation and Skills - Yorkshire Forward S1 2BJ

Department for Children, Schools and Families (Dragoon Court) S6 2GZ

Department for Children, Schools and Families (Nursery) S7 1NF

Department for Children, Schools and Families S2 5AZ

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Sheffield East Parade) S1 2ET

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (The Quadrant NCCC2) S9 4WG

Department for Transport (British Transport Police Authority) S1 2BP

Department for Transport (Driver Vehicle Licensing Agency) S11 8HD

Department for Transport (Driving Standards Agency) S6 1TQ

Department for Transport (Driving Standards Agency) S9 4LR

Department for Transport (Highways Agency) S26 2BE

Department for Transport (Vehicle And Operator Services Agency) S13 9LT

Department for Work and Pensions (Head Office - Porterbrook House ) S11 8JF

Department for Work and Pensions (Head Office - Rockingham House) S1 4ER

Department for Work and Pensions (Head Office - Kings Court) S3 7UF

Department for Work and Pensions (Head Office - Steel City House) S1 2GQ

Department for Work and Pensions (Health and Safety Executive) S10 2GW

Department for Work and Pensions (Bailey Court) S1 3SY

Department for Work and Pensions (Church Lane) S25 2LY

Department for Work and Pensions (Cavalry and Lancer) S6 2GG

Department for Work and Pensions (Prospect House ) S13 7QX

Department for Work and Pensions (Unit 8 Twelve O’clock Court) S4 7WW

Department for Work and Pensions (Cavendish Court) S1 2DR

Department for Work and Pensions (Premier House) S1 2HG

Department for Work and Pensions (19 Eastern Avenue) S2 2FZ

Department for Work and Pensions (Hartshead Square) S1 2FD

Department of Health (Health Protection Agency) S9 1BY

Department of Health (NHS Blood & Transplant, Cathedral Court) S1 2HD

Department of Health (NHS Blood & Transplant, Sheffield Centre) S5 7JN

Department of Health (NHS Professionals, Distington House) S4 7QQ

Department of Health (NHS Professionals, Don Valley House) S4 7UQ

Department of Health (Retained Estate, Waterside Court) S9 2LR

HM Revenue and Customs (Concept House) S1 4LA

HM Revenue and Customs (Valuation Office Agency, Cathedral Court) S1 2HD

HM Treasury, Residual Estate S1 2GU

Home Office (UK Border Agency, Foundry House) S3 8NH


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Home Office (UK Border Agency, Vulcan House) S3 8NU

Ministry of Defence, Centre Point S1 2GJ

Ministry of Justice, Head Office (National Offender Management Service, Non Custodial) S1 4GE

Ministry of Justice, Head Office (Sheffield Crown Court) S3 8PH

Ministry of Justice, Head Office (3 West Bar Sheffield) S3 8PJ

Ministry of Justice, Head Office (8 Eastern Avenue) S2 2FY

Ministry of Justice, Head Office (269 Pitsmoor Road) S3 9AS

Ministry of Justice, Head Office (Norfolk Park) S2 2RU

Ministry of Justice, Head Office (East Parade) S1 2ET

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Rivelin Valley Fire Station S6 5FE

Central Fire Station S1 3FG

Mansfield Road Fire Station S12 2AE

Darnall Road Fire Station S9 5AF

Stocksbridge Fire Station S6 5FE

Lowedges Road Fire Station S8 7JN

Elm Lane Fire Station S5 7TU

Mosborough Fire Station S20 5BQ

West Bar Police Station S1 2DA

Hammerton Road Police Station S6 2NB

Woodseats Police Station S8 0SL

Ecclesfield Police Station S35 9WL

Moss Way Police Station S20 7XX

Sheffield Headquarters S9 2AD

Newfield Green Housing Office S2 2BT

Lowedges Housing Office S8 7PS

Darnall Housing Office S9 4JT

Jordanthorpe Housing Office S8 8DX

Wordsworth Avenue Housing Office S5 8NH

Chapeltown Local First Point S35 2XE

Firth Park Access Point S5 6QQ

SOCIAL WORK WITH ACCOMMODATION

Sheltered Housing – Chantrey S8 8DN

Sheltered Housing – Callow Mount S14 1PJ

Sheltered Housing – Newman Court S9 1LQ

Sheltered Housing – St George’s Court S3 7GP

Sheltered Housing – Blackwell Court S2 5PW

Sheltered Housing – Park View Lodge S6 4GH

Sheltered Housing – Cherry Tree S11 9EF

Sheltered Housing – Cambridge Court S8 9SN

Sheltered Housing – Sweeney House S36 1LH

Sheltered Housing – Elm Tree House S12 2TW

Sheltered Housing – Balfour House S36 1LQ

Sheltered Housing – Helliwell Court S36 2QH

Sheltered Housing – Westnall House S35 0GH

Sheltered Housing – Broomfield House S35 4HP

Sheltered Housing – Charles Square Hamlet S35 4FS

Sheltered Housing – Newgate Close S35 4PE

Sheltered Housing – Lytton Court S5 8AX

Sheltered Housing – John Trickett House S35 1RL

Sheltered Housing – Ernest Copley House S35 3JA

Sheltered Housing – Painted Fabrics S8 8HH

Sheltered Housing – Eva Ratcliffe House S5 9BE

Sheltered Housing – Orpen House S14 1AZ


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Sheltered Housing – Holly Bank S12 2BF

Sheltered Housing – Welwyn Court S12 3DL

Sheltered Housing – Springwater House S12 4HT

Sheltered Housing – Newton Croft S13 7JN

Sheltered Housing – Blackberry Hamlet S20 4TA

Sheltered Housing – Low Edges S8 7JG

Sheltered Housing – Ernest Fox House S35 8PZ

7.4 Appendix 4: Heat Loads for Industrial Sites

INDUSTRIAL SITE ESTIMATED HEAT LOAD (MW) POSTCODE

Cadbury Trebor Basset 4.991 S6 2AP

Green Line Oils Ltd. 2.274 S60 1RR

Laporte Fluorides Plc. 2.274 S61 4QH

7.5 Appendix 5: Heat Loads for Commercial Sites

COMMERCIAL SITE ESTIMATED HEAT LOAD (MW) POSTCODE

Oakbrook View Hostel 0.37 S10 3BN

7.6 Appendix 6: Heat Loads of Educational Buildings

EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENT ESTIMATED HEAT LOAD (MW) POSTCODE

Abbey Lane Primary School 0.17 S8 0BN

Abbeydale Primary School 0.11 S7 1RB

Abbeydale Grange 0.23 S7 2GU

Acres Hill Primary School 0.09 S9 4GQ

Angram Bank Primary School 0.13 S35 4HN

Anns Grove Primary School 0.06 S2 3DJ

Arbourthorne Primary School 0.12 S2 2GQ

Athelstan Primary School 0.14 S13 8HH

Ballifield Primary School 0.11 S13 9HH

Bankwood Primary School 0.17 S14 1LW

Beck Primary School 0.18 S5 0GG

Beighton NI (Nursery Infant) School 0.12 S20 1EG

Birley Community College 0.27 S12 3AB

Birley Primary School 0.24 S12 4XF

Birley Spa Primary School 0.14 S12 4QE

Bradway Primary School 0.08 S17 4PD

Brightside NI School 0.07 S9 1AS

Brookhouse Junior School 0.11 S20 1EG

Brunswick Primary School 0.17 S13 7RB

Byron Wood Primary School 0.16 S4 7EJ

Carfield Junior School 0.13 S8 9NJ

Carter Knowle Junior School 0.09 S7 2DY


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Charnock Hall Primary School 0.26 S12 3HS

Chaucer School (Business & Enterprise College) 0.27 S5 8NH

City School 0.34 S13 8SS

Coit Primary School 0.07 S35 1WH

Concord Junior School 0.04 S9 1NR

Deepcar St Johns School 0.10 S36 2TE

Dore Primary School 0.14 S17 3QP

Ecclesall CE Junior School 0.13 S11 7PQ

Ecclesall Infant School 0.05 S11 7LG

Ecclesfield Primary School 0.09 S35 9UD

Emmaus (Catholic and C of E) Primary School 0.05 S2 5FT

Firs Hill Community Primary School 0.21 S3 9AN

Fox Hill Primary School 0.15 S6 1AZ

Greengate Lane Primary School 0.13 S35 3GT

Greenhill Primary School 0.17 S8 7RA

Greystones Primary School 0.17 S11 7GL

Halfway (nursery) Infant School 0.06 S20 3GU

Halfway Junior School 0.10 S20 4TA

Handsworth Grange Community Sports College 0.30 S13 9HJ

Hartley Brook Primary School 0.25 S5 0JF

Hatfield Primary School 0.07 S5 6HY

Heritage Park Community School 0.05 S2 2RU

High Green Primary School 0.04 S35 4LU

Hillsborough Primary School 0.14 S6 2AA

Holgate Meadows Community Special School 0.06 S5 7WE

Holt House Infant School 0.09 S7 2EW

Hunters Bar Infant & Juniors School 0.11 S11 8ZG

Intake Junior & Infant School 0.10 S12 2AR

Limpsfield Junior School 0.09 S9 1AN

Longley Primary School 0.13 S5 7NA

Lound Infant School 0.04 S35 2EU

Lound Junior School 0.06 S35 2UT

Lowedges Primary School 0.09 S8 7JG

Lower Meadow Primary School 0.06 S8 8EE

Loxley Primary School 0.03 S6 6SG

Lydgate Infant School 0.12 S10 5FQ

Lydgate Junior School 0.11 S10 5DP

Malin Bridge Primary School 0.09 S6 4RH

Manor Lodge Community Primary School 0.11 S2 1UF

Mansel Primary School 0.15 S5 9QS

Marlcliffe Primary School 0.12 S6 4AJ

Meersbrook Bank Primary School 0.04 S8 9EH

Meynell Primary School 0.12 S5 8GN

Monteney Primary School 0.12 S5 9DN

Mossbrook Primary School 0.22 S8 8JR

Mundella Primary School 0.10 S8 8SJ

Nether Green Infant School 0.08 S10 3QP

Nether Green Junior School 0.14 S10 3QA

Netherthorpe Primary School 0.08 S3 7JA

Nook Lane Primary School 0.10 S6 6BN

Norfolk Park Special School 0.14 S2 3QF

Norton Free Primary School 0.05 S8 8JS

Oughtibridge Primary School 0.08 S35 0HG

Parson Cross Primary School 0.05 S6 1LB

Phillimore Primary School 0.15 S9 5EF

Pipworth Primary School 0.22 S2 1AA

Porter Croft (CofE) Primary School 0.04 S11 8JN

Prince Edward Primary School 0.25 S12 2AA


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Pye bank CofE Primary School 0.06 S3 9EF

Reignhead Primary School 0.16 S20 1FD

Rivelin Primary School 0.13 S6 2PL

Rowan Primary School 0.06 S17 3PT

Royd Nursery Infant School 0.11 S36 2PR

Sacred Heart Primary School 0.07 S6 2NU

Shooters Grove School 0.10 S6 5HN

Shortbrook Primary School 0.18 S20 8FB

Southey Green School 0.32 S5 8DN

Spring Lane College/Manor Young Child Centre 0.08 S2 2JR

Springfield Primary School 0.09 S10 2FA

St Anns Catholic Primary School 0.05 S36 1DG

St John Fisher RC School 0.08 S12 4HJ

St Maries RC School 0.05 S10 3DQ

St Mary's C of E Primary School 0.10 S6 2WJ

St Patricks RC Primary School 0.06 S5 0QF

St Theresa's School 0.05 S2 1EY

St Thomas More School 0.05 S35 8NN

St Thomas of Canterbury Catholic Primary 0.09 S8 7TR

St Wilfrids Catholic Primary School 0.07 S7 2HE

Stocksbridge High School 0.44 S36 1FD

Stocksbridge Junior School 0.09 S36 1AS

Stocksbridge NI (Nursery Infant) School 0.08 S36 1EJ

Stradbroke Primary School 0.19 S13 8LT

Tinsley Junior School 0.05 S9 1WB

Tinsley NI (Nursery Infant School) 0.09 S9 1UN

Totley Primary School 0.08 S17 4FB

Valley Park Primary School 0.11 S14 1SL

Walkley Primary School 0.25 S6 2RZ

Watercliffe Meadow Primary School 0.08 S5 7HL

Westways Primary School 0.18 S10 1NE

Wharncliffe Side Primary School 0.07 S35 0DD

Wincobank Nursery Infant School 0.08 S9 1LU

Windmill Hill Primary School 0.07 S35 1ZD

Wisewood Primary School 0.05 S6 4SD

Woodhouse West Primary School 0.08 S13 7BP

Woodseats Primary School 0.12 S8 0SB

Woodthorpe Community Primary School 0.09 S13 8DA

Woolley Wood School 0.12 S5 0TG

7.7 Appendix 7: Heat Loads for Leisure Areas

LEISURE FACILITY ESTIMATED HEAT LOAD (MW) POSTCODE

Stocksbridge Leisure Centre 0.66 S36 1EG

Heeley Pool 0.34 S8 0XQ

Springs Leisure Centre 0.26 S2 2AL

Centre In The Park 0.07 S2 2PL

Concord Sports Centre 0.88 S5 6AE

Crystal Peaks Library 0.09 S20 7PH

Firth Park Library 0.03 S5 6QQ

Acres Hill (Museum Trust) 0.04 S9 4RL

Leader House (Museum Trust) 0.02 S1 2LH

Bishops’ House (Museum Trust) 0.01 S8 9BE

Kelham Island Museum 0.45 S3 8RY


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Don Valley Stadium 0.46 S9 3TL

Ice Sheffield 1.24 S9 5DA

English Institute of Sport Sheffield 0.83 S9 5DA

Sheffield Arena 0.73 S9 5DG

7.8 Appendix 8: Heat Loads of Health Care Facilities

HEALTH CARE FACILITY ESTIMATED HEAT LOAD (MW) POSTCODE

Grange Crescent Day Centre 0.11 S11 8AZ

Woodside Day Centre 0.06 S3 9PB

Bole Hill View Residential Home 0.23 S10 1QL

Ravenscroft Care Home 0.22 S13 8RJ

Newton Grange Care Home 0.20 S36 1LN

Norbury Resource Centre Care Home 0.15 S5 7BB

Kirkhill Care Home 0.18 S8 7LE

Hurlfield View Resource Centre Care Home 0.17 S12 2UU

Foxwood Resource Centre Social Care 0.17 S12 2TW

Sevenfields Resource Centre Care Home 0.11 S6 4SB

Hazelhurst Care Home 0.16 S8 8DN

7.9 Appendix 9: Heat Loads for Council/Governmental Buildings

COUNCIL/GOVERNMENT BUILDING ESTIMATED HEAT LOAD (MW) POSTCODE

Olive Grove Depot 0.55 S2 3GE

Bannerdale Centre 0.35 S7 2EX

Medico Legal Centre 0.21 S3 7ES

Sheaf Training 0.16 S5 7BH

Archives 0.04 S1 4SP

South Yorkshire Labs 0.04 S35 9YR

Meersbrook Park Offices 0.08 S8 9FL

Brockwood Park Training Centre 0.07 S13 7QH

Carbrook Offices 0.23 S9 2DB

Acres Hill Storage Facility 0.09 S9 4LR