Shipboard Energy Efficiency:Regulations, Standards & Opportunities

INTERTANKO LATIN AMERICA PANEL

Thomas Kirk, Director of Environmental ProgramsJ. C. Ferreira, VP South America

Rio de Janeiro31 October 2012

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Outline

IMO regulations on energy efficiency and management

Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)

Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP)

ISO 50001:2011 Energy Management Systems (EnMS)

Requirements with guidance for use

Target areas for energy efficiency

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CO2 Emissions from International Shipping

Source: Second IMO GHG Study 2009

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IMO Strategy for CO2 Emission Mitigation

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Potential CO2 Reduction Due to EEDI & SEEMP

Source: MEPC 63/INF.2; ref: MEPC 63/5/13

By 2020: reduction from BAU ~151mt or 13% –of which 76% is due to SEEMP and 24% EEDI

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De Facto Framework for Energy Efficiency

EEDIMeasure energy efficiency in terms of CO2 emissions at full-load draft and 75% MCRBenchmark energy efficiency of new ships against that of the world fleet of 1999-2009Benchmark to improve in phases

SEEMPAll ships to implement energy efficiency measures in serviceContinuous improvement

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Regulation 22Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP)1 Each ship shall keep on board a ship specific Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP). This may form part of the ship's Safety Management System (SMS).2 The SEEMP shall be developed taking into account guidelines adopted by the Organization.

Regulation 5Surveys4.1 An initial survey…shall verify…that the SEEMP required by regulation 22 is on board.4.4 For existing ships, the verification of the requirement to have a SEEMP on board…shall take place at the first intermediate or renewal survey whichever is the first.

Definition of “ship” – Art 2(4)A vessel of any type whatsoever operating in the marine environment and includes hydrofoil boats, air-cushioned vehicles, submersibles, floating craft and fixed or floating platforms

IMO Regulations on Energy Efficiency

Enter into force 1 January 2013New ships: EEDI and SEEMPExisting ships: SEEMP

SEEMP guidelines – Resolution MEPC 213 (63)

ImplementationDeveloped SEEMP in accordancewith guidelinesKeep a copy on boardSurvey – verify a copy is on board

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EEDI: The 99% Cases

fj = 1except for ice-class ships, or shuttle tankers

Main engine CO2 emission per unit time

Aux engine CO2 emission per unit time

PPTI = 0except where PTI is fitted

Peff = 0except where non-fuel propulsion assisting

system is fitted

DWT; 70% DWT for

containerships; GT for passengerships

Speed at Capacity and

75%MCR

fw = 1 unless optional

EEDIweather required

fc =1 except for chemical and LNG tankers

fi =1except for correction for

ice-class ships, CSR ships, voluntary

structural enhancement

PAEeff = 0except where fitted with

WHR system that generates power

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Reference EEDIs to be Reduced in Phases

Attained EEDI should not be more than referenced EEDI

Applicable only to 7 ship types at firstNot applicable to ships with diesel-electric, turbine or hybrid propulsion systems

Reference EEDIs to be reduced in phases

7 Ship TypesBulk carrierTankerGas tankerContainershipGeneral cargoRefrigerated cargoCombination carrier

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EEDI Impact on Designs

EEDI will drive optimization in ship design:

Reduce resistanceImprove propulsiveefficiencyRecover waste heatIncrease cargo carrying capacityReduce speedOther

Should understand the physics of energy losses

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Reduce Energy Losses

Typical distribution of energy losses for a tanker in BF6

Source: Second IMO GHG Study, 2009

52% Engine losses

32%Hull losses

16% Propeller losses

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Wave-making

Air resistance

Hull resistance

Residual resistance

Weather & waves

Axial loss

Rotational loss

Frictional loss

Transmission loss

Exhaust

Heat

Loss % (Bunker burnt = 100% available energy)

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Off-the-Shelf Solutions

Engine losses

Propeller losses

Hull losses

Waste heat recovery systemsOrganic Rankin Cycle

DuctsEnergy-saving devices for propellerContra-rotating propellersCLT, Kappel propellerPBCF

LSE coatingHull, bow, stern optimizationAir lubricationOther

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Energy-saving Devices

How to select energy-saving device?

How effective are the devices (in calm water and seaway conditions)?

How to tailor the energy-saving device to fit a specific ship?For example, how to optimize propeller/hull/rudder/ES device interaction?

Enough structural strength of the devices, no excessive vibration

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Improving Designs

Hull form, bow and stern redesigned and optimized for a range of operational drafts and sea states

Improved propeller design methodology – considering propeller-rudder interactions and operating profile

Improved engine technologyElectronic controlVariable-nozzle turbochargersLonger strokeSpread fuel efficiency across wider operating load range

Twin-screw? Higher propulsive efficiency at expense of first cost

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IMO Assessment of Energy Efficiency Measures

Reduce air/wind resistance Optimize superstructures

Reduce wave-making resistance by shape of stern

Optimize stern shape

Reduce friction resistanceLow friction coatingAir lubrication

Improve propeller efficiencyPre-swirl finsStern ductPost-swirl systemsSprit sternHybrid podsContra-rotating propeller

Waste heat recovery system

1 2 3

x

x x

x x x

x

x x

x x x

1 2 3

x

x x x

x

x x

x

x x x

x x x

14.5% 26.1% 37.7% 13.4% 17.1% 29.2%

300,000dwt Tanker 12,000teu Containership

Source: MEPC 60/4/36 – 16 Jan 2010

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OCIMF Assessment of Energy Efficiency Measures for VLCC

Summary CO2 emission improvement:

Resistance – 6%

Propulsion – 6.5%

Machinery – 7%

Operations – 5%

Source: MEPC 63/INF.7 – 25 Nov 2011

Use top-range low-friction coatingOptimize main dimensions and lines for life cycle cost

Improved propeller designs methodology including use of contracted loaded tip propellerPropeller pre-swirl device for sub‐optimal stern hull formImproved propulsion through best‐practice duct or vane wheel

Exhaust heat recovery using PTIImproved engine controlWind assistanceFrequency controlled pumps

Voyage optimization, including virtual arrivalOptimize maintenance of hull, propeller and machinery

(Not necessarily cumulative)

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Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan

Purpose of SEEMP is to provide a mechanism to improve efficiency in ship and unit operation

SEEMP may form part of a safety management system or environmental management system or may be certified under ISO 50001

Each SEEMP to be ship-unit-specific

SEEMP ideally linked to broader corporate energy management policy

Large number of ship operators operating more efficiently will make a difference

Limit onboard administrative burdens

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IMO Guidelines for SEEMP

Four-step continuous improvement process

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Implementing SEEMP

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SEEMP Development

SEEMP developmentEnergy auditing helps (if only just to unearth entrenched “habits”)Involve practitioners in development – “ownership” from outsetOwnership facilitates training and implementation

Incentive schemesThe success of the plan depends on willingness and enthusiasm of staff to implement it – and well

Training – ship and shore staffAbout the plan; and how it is to be managedOn new skills – as applicableOn implementationsExpectations and incentives

ImplementationGuidance should be provided by energy efficiency teamMonitoring and evaluation should be totally transparentAuditing should adopt constructive help-to-improve approach

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Energy Performance Indicator (EnPI)

For cargo ships, IMO recommends (not mandatory) energy efficiency operational indicator (EEOI) – MEPC.1/Circ.684

CO2 emitted per ton-mile

Required parameters for EnPIThe base represents useful work doneCO2 emitted – based on fuel burnt for useful work done

For PSVsThe base is measure of cargo by weight alone appropriate?

For AHTSThe base – e.g. for anchor handling is the number and weight of anchor and water depth; for tow is the deadweight tons and distance, etc.

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Action Plan

Prepare SEEMP (and CEEMP)Management policy and task responsibilitiesEnergy baselines and energy performance indicators; targets (if any)The energy-saving measures to be implemented; how and by whom; implementation period; etc.Methods of measurements, monitoring and recordkeepingThe improvement plansMethod of self-evaluation and improvement

Staff training and awareness – ship and shore

Implementation

Monitoring

Self-evaluation and improvement

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Sample SEEMP Form

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Where Should SEEMP Sit?

SEEMP can be a standalone document

It can be a part of the overall ship management system

ABS has incorporated EnMS certification into its existing HSQE certification

Now called HSQEEn

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ISO 50001 & SEEMP

For most operators, MARPOL Annex VI in its entirety is a legal requirement as mentioned in ISO 50001

The Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) is an ideal vehicle for shipboard energy efficiency under ISO 50001

SEEMP is mandatory beginning in 2013

SEEMP under ISO 50001 is audited and will have to meet more stringent requirements

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ISO 50001 & SEEMP

Areas where ISO 50001 will force SEEMP to be “above minimum”Documentation and documentation retention for audit purposeEnergy Efficiency audits on boardEEOI or equivalent becomes mandatoryGoals, targets becomes requirementsEach consumer and each measure (as identified in the ISO 50001 scopes and boundaries) shall be measuredRecords of review and corrective action to measures to be recorded

These aspects may should be considered when developing the SEEMP if the company has its eyes on ISO 50001 in the future

ISO 50001 and SEEMP fit together

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ISO 50001 EnMSOrganization’s commitment to:• Continuous improvement in energy

performance• Resources to achieve objectives and targets• Comply with legal and in-house requirements• Framework for setting and reviewing energy

objectives and targets• Purchase of energy-efficient products and

services• Documenting and communicating within

organizations• Policy regularly review and update

Source: ISO 50001

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EnMS Documentation Requirements

Policy

Scope to be covered

Energy objectives, targets and action plans

Documented energy planning process including criteria for the energy review process

Energy purchasing specifications

Numerous requirements for records to demonstrate conformance with a requirement

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ABS EnMS Model

The ABS Marine HSQE(En) GuideUpgraded to include new Energy requirementsA model integrated management system for Marine and Offshore application incorporating Safety, Health, Quality, Environment and Energy requirementsSingle integrated audits Class notation

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Existent Shipboard LAN

NS5 Server + On Board Module

NS5 Energy Module –Office

Master’s Dashboard

Corporate DashboardFleet Mgr’s

Dashboard

OWS

Tank levels

BridgeEmissions

Bridge Dashboard

Corporate Reports including “Extra-Financial” QSE Report

Compliance Reports• ISM• ISPS• ISO 14001

Electronically-generated Logs and Reports • Oil Record Log• Fuel switching• Ballast Log

NS5 Energy & Environmental Software

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Typical Benefits of EnMS

Decreased energy consumption translates to savings in cost

Reduces exposure to rising energy cost

Aligns comfortably with MARPOL energy efficiency regulations

Helps prepare for carbon accounting

Reduces environmental footprint

Improves corporate image and public perception

Improves operational efficiencies

Supports sustainable growth

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