short novel 3
DESCRIPTION
]]'grS tuk d if ;awG u ab;uk d jzmxG uf vmNyD ; t&d yf aumif ;aumif ; &rS m}} ]]zk d ;wG wf wk d Y td rf rS m yef ;tk d ;eJ Y pk d uf xm;wJ h *syef jruf uav;awG ua&m rvS bl ;vm;/ rtmus,f uawmh a'gif ;uav; u aewJ h yH k uav; azmf NyD ; ñ§ yf r,f ajymwmyJ }} uk d rsd K;onf yif h ouf uk d rod rom &d I uf um oD csif ;quf í nnf ; avonf /TRANSCRIPT
www.myanmarc
upid.
net
rpE´m
0w¬Kwkdrsm; (3)
rpE´m
trnf&if; csdKcsdKwif jzpfonf/
1947 ckESpf pufwifbmv 4 &uf aeYwGif arG;zGm;onf/
zcifrSm OD;xGef;wif(ref;wif)jzpfNyD; rdcifrSm a':oef;wif
jzpfonf/
i,fpOfu NrdKUr trsdK;orD; txufwef;ausmif;wGif ynm
oifMum;cJhonf/ 1965 ckESpfwGif wuúokdvf0ifwef; atmifjrif
onf/
1965 ck atmufwkdbmvxkwf aiGwm&D r*¾Zif;wGif yg0if
aom ]uRefrq&mr} 0w¬Kwkdonf yxrqHk;aom yHkESdyfpm
jzpfonf/ 1965 ckESpfrSpí r*¾Zif;0w¬Kwkdrsm;ukd jr0wD?
aiGwm&DwkdYwGif BudK;Mum; a&;om;cJhonf/ 1971 ckESpfwGif
&efukef pufrIwuúokdvfrS AdokumbGJUukd &½SdcJhonf/ AkdvfBuD;
MuL;ausmf OD;pD;aom ]AdokumtzGJU-2} wGif Adokumtjzpf
0ifa&mufvkyfukdif&if; 1972 ckESpfwGif yxrqHk; vHk;csif;0w¬K
jzpfaom ]i,folrkdY rodyg} ukd a&;om;cJhonf/
pma&;ouf tESpf 30 ausmf twGif; r*¾Zif;0w¬Kwkd½Snf
aygif; 70 cefY? 0w¬Kvwf 2 yk'fESifh vHk;csif;0wK¬ 12 tkyf
wkdYukd a&;om;cJhonf/ xkdtxJrS ]b0tdyfruf yef;tdyfruf}
onf 1994 ckESpftwGuf trsdK;om;pmay 0w¬½Snfqkukd &½SdcJh
onf/ vHk;csif;0w¬K 12 tkyfteuf 10 tkyfukd ½kyf½SifBuD;
(okdYr[kwf) AD'D,kdtjzpf ½kduful;cJhonf/
cifyGef;onfrSm OD;pef;armif (Adokum) jzpfonf/ orD;
at;Nidrf;csrf; ESifh om; rkd;Nidrf;csrf; jzpfonf/
tzHk;ESifhtwGif;yef;csD pHwkd;
rsufESmzHk;cGifhjyKcsuftrSwf 197^99(3) ESifh
pmrlcGifhjyKcsuf trSwf 82^99(1) wkdYt&
OD;0if;jrifh(01512)? 0if;jrifhatmifpmay?
315? 2-c &yfuGuf? axmufMuefYwkd;csJY? r*Fvm u
xkwfa0í
rsufESmzHk;ESifh twGif;pmom;ukd
aဒ:cifcif0if;(02670)? uvsmatmhzfquf?
152? uRef;a½TNrdKifvrf;? ok0PÖ u yHkESdyfonf/
pmtkyfcsKyf aZmf0rf;
wefzkd; 250 usyf
yg&rDpmay
230?29 vrf;(txufvrf;)? &efukef(zHk; 253246)
2 ^4? urÇmat;apwDawmfrkcfOD;apmif;wef;? &efukef
295? aps;ta½SUvrf;? xm;0,f
yxrtBudrf
1999 arv
tkyfa& 1500
pdf rSwfwrf;
uGefjyLwm pmpDpm½dkuf ESifh tacsmowf pdf wnf;jzwfol
KyiLinChanMyae
MMCP pdf Creator Group
rSwifqufonf/
jrefrmtD;bGwftjzpf
yxrtBudrf
'DZifbmv 2008
rmwdum
1/ opfyifuav;rsm;
8
2/ uRefrrSmom wefcdk;&Sd&ifav 20
3/ OD;cuf a':oufESifh t&yfxJuvlrsm;taMumif; 34
4/ tbdk;BuD;ESpfa,muf &Sdavonf
51
5/ tbGm;BuD;ESpfa,muf &Sdavonf 67
6/ jrefrmtrsKd;orDESpfa,muf &Sdavonf 84
7/ puf0dkif;
105
8/ tar
109
9/ rusnf;udk;yif
118
10/ pkefa&
129
11/ qefa&
149
12/ xD;
163
13/ qXrajrmuf &efol
180
14/ cEmh0ef
204
15/ Mum;vdkuf&aomaMumifh
211
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 8
opfyifuav;rsm;
olwkdYonf prf;acsmif; &yfuGuf&Sd wpfckaom vrf;wkduav; wGif
aexkdifMuavonf/
Ä
ae0ifoGm;NyDjzpfonf/
0if;0gaom a&Ta&mifonf wHpufNrdwfcsif; qufaeaom
tdrftrkd;rsm; ay:odkY wtdtdESifh NydKNyD;qif;vmaeonf/ zkefrsm;
trdIufrsm; wifNyD; npfxyfxyf jzpfaeaom oGyfrkd;rsm;onfyif
a&T&nfavmif;NyD; opfvGifvSy aeoa,mif &Sdavonf/
]]a&Ta&mifawG aysmufoGm;&if arSmifvmawmhr,f}}
ukdrsdK;onf a&Tjcnfa&Twef;rsm;ukd ai;Munfh&if; ESajrmaerdonf/
ckvkd ae0ifqnf;qmtcsdefwGif zkeftvl;vl; oJtvl;vl;ESifh
aqmhíupm;í aumif;vSaom i,fb0ukdvnf; wpfqufwnf;
owd&onf/
]]ukdrsdK;}}
wpfzuftdrfrS ausmfausmfu vSrf;ac:onf/
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 9
]]*DwmBuD; ykdufNyD; ai;aevkdufwm? b,folYukd vGrf;aewmvJ
[if}}
]]vGrf;p&m r&Sdao;ygbl; ausmfausmf&,f}}
]]vGrf;p&m r&Sdao;bl;om qkdw,f? ukdrsdK;ai;aewmjzifh MumvSNyD?
q&mruawmif ajymoGm;ao;w,f/ tJ'Dvlu taqG;orm;BuD;vm;[if
wJY}}
]]b,f q&mruvJ}}
]]ausmfausmfh usL&Sifq&mrav? ckeuyJ jyefoGm;wm}}
ausmfausmfhwGif usL&Sifq&mr ESpfOD; &Sdonf/ wpfOD;u jzLjzL
oG,foG,fav; jzpfonf/ wpfcgwpf&H ukdrsdK;ESifh vrf;rSm qHkrdvQif
rodromav; NyHK;um EIwfqufwwfonf/ aemufwpfOD; uawmh
rsufESmuav;u vSaomfvnf; tom;ndKNyD; t&yfykavonf/ olYt&yf
eD;yg;&Snfaom vG,ftdwfBuD;ukd vG,fum 'a&maomyg; vrf;avQmuf
wwfol jzpfavonf/
]]q&mr jzLjzLav;u vm;}}
]][kwfw,fav? ukdrsdK; oabmusvkdYvm; [if}}
]]rif;[mu r[kwfao;ygbl;uGm}}
]]bmjzpfvkdYvJ[if? rvSbl;vm;}}
ausmfausmfu NyHK;pyfpyfESifhar;onf/ ukdrsdK; vkdufírNyHK;rday/
cyfjzLjzL cyfazsmYazsmYESifh yg;vsm;[ef&Sdaom ausmfausmfhukd pl;pdkufí
Munfhrdonf/
]]tck rif;b,fESpfwef;a&mufNyDvJ [if}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 10
]]ajcmufwef;}}
]]reufykdif; ausmif;wuf? ausmif;uae tdrfjyefa&mufawmh
usL&Sifq&mru a&mufvma&m? q&mr jyefoGm;awmh rkd;csKyfNyD?
tdrfpmawG vkyf&jyefa&m}}
]]tif;av}}
]]rif; b,ftcsdef oGm;upm;wHk;}}
]]tr,fav; armifrsdK;&,f? rif;uvnf; vlrkduftm;ay;
b,fvkdar;vkdufwmwHk;/ 'Davmuf MuyfrwfNyD; *&kwpkduf BudK;pm;
ckdif;aewmawmif rif; taumifu pmawmfw,f atmufarhvkdYvm;/
yxr 'kwd, &zkdY aeaeomom tqifhwpfq,fxJawmif wpfcgrS
r0ifao;bl;}}
tdrfa&SUu ,kZeyifuav;ukd a&avmif;aeaom ausmfausmf\
tazu rausreyf 0ifajymonf/
]]wpfOD;wnf; oD;oefY *&kpdkufapcsifvkdYom tdrfac: oifae&wm?
olYusL&Sifzkd;u enf;wm r[kwfbl; armifrsdK;a&U? 'gawmif tckrS
ajcmufwef; &Sdao;wm? ukd;wef;q,fwef;rsm; a&muf&if q&m
b,fESpfa,muf ac:&r,f rodbl;? vlwkdif; vlwkdif;yJ tNydKiftqkdif
BudK;pm;aeMu&wmuGJ.}}
ausmfausmf\ tazu a&yHk;ukdcsNyD; uwfaMu;ukd
aumufukdifonf/ vHk;vHk;0kdif;0kdif;av; jzpfaeatmif yHkazmfNyD;
ñ§yfxm;aom ,kZeyif uav;onf a&Ta&mifazsmhazsmh qnf;qm&dyf0,f
NidrfNidrfuav; &yfaeavonf/ xkd;xkd;axmifaxmif xGufvmaom
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 11
tcsdKU tnGefYuav; rsm;onf uwfaMu;pmrdNyD; ajray:odkY
jywfusvmonf/
]]om; xrif;pm;&atmifav}}
taru xrif;pm; vmac:onf/ arT;ysHUvmaom y'wfpm
[if;csdKeHYav;ukd &SL&if; ukdrsdK; xrif;qmoGm;onf/
]]rdpkd;a&m tar? jyefrvmao;bl;vm;}}
]]'DaeY usL&Sif tcsdefykd&Sdr,fwJY}}
]]tif; pmar;yGJeD;vSNyDukd;}}
ukdrsdK;onf *Dwmukdcsum ae&mrSxonf/ nDrav;rdpkd; rygvSsif
xrif;0kdif;u rpkdajyawmhay/ nDrav;u ausmif;u taMumif;? tdrfu
taMumif;? vrf;u taMumif;awGukd xrif;pm;&if; a0a0qmqm
ajymwwfol jzpfavonf/
]]rdpkd;oli,fcsif; a0a0rmuawmh 0kdif;eJUoifw,f ajymw,f}}
taru tazYyef;uef xJokdY tom;av; wpfzwf OD;cs&if;
pum;ponf/
]]olwkdYu wwfekdifwmukd;uG,f}}
tazu cyfwkdwkdyif ajymonf/
ukdrsdK;uawmh bmrQ rajymbJ xrif;ukdom iHkYí pm;onf/ olY
toufu ESpfq,fhig;ESpfom &Sdao;onf/ vGefcJhaom ajcmufvurS
bDtD;bGJU &cJhonfh tif*sifeD,m ylylaEG;aEG;uav;rkdY usL&Sif
a&pD;aMumif;BuD;wGif olukd,fwkdif arsmyg ul;cyfcJh&ol jzpfonf/
olYwkef;uvnf; [kdusL&Sif 'DusL&Sif ajy;umvTm;um wuf&if;
q,fwef;atmifcJh &onf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 12
tck olYnDrav; q,fwef; a&mufvmawmY &kd;&kd;usL&Sif?
[krf;(r)usL&Sif awGxuf ykdqef;vmonf/ wwfEdkifol av; ig; q,f
a,mufcefY wpf0kdif;pm pkNyD; bmompHk q&mpHk wpf0kdif;wnf;
oifaompepf[k ajymonf/ trsm;tac:u 0kdif;usL&Sif [l\/
tpkd;&ykdif;u ta&;,laeawmh wdwfwqdwf vkyf&onf[kqkdonf/
ykdNyD;awmhvnf; aps;BuD;vmonf/
]]ynma&Ttkd; vlrckd;qkdayr,fh tJ'D ynma&Ttkd;BuD; &zkdYtwGuf
aiGtkd;BuD;&SdrS jzpfrSm tara&U}} [k ajymvdkufcsifaomfvnf; ukdrsdK;
rajymawmYay/ xkdpum;vHk;rsm;ukd y'wfpm[if;csdKESifhtwl
vnfacsmif;xJ arQmNyD; rsdKcsvkdufonf/
]]q,fwef;ukdawm. trSwfaumif;aumif;av;eJY atmifapcsifw,f}}
taru qufajymawmhukdrsdK; Nidrfraeekdifawmhacs/
]]trSwfaumif;awmh bmjzpfrSmrdkYvkdYvJ tar&,f]]
]]q&m0eftif*sifeD,mjzpfwmaygh/ om;vnf; q,fwef;rSm
BudK;pm;cJhvkdY trSwfaumif;cJhvkdY tck tif*sifeD,m jzpfaeNyD r[kwfvm;}}
]]tarhq&m0ef ukdawmh rajymwwfbl;? uRefawmf tif*sifeD,m
jzpfawmh bmxl;vkdYvJ tar&m? taru tvkyfr0ifeJY?
oabFmvkdufygqkd}}
]]tvkyf 0ifwm r0ifwmukdxnfhrajymeJY? 'gu aemufykdif;udpö/
q,fwef;rSm trSwfaumif;aumif;eJY atmif? vkdif;aumif;aumif; &zdkYu
yxr? 'grS olrsm;atmufrusrSm]]
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 13
taru cyfqwfqwfajymonf/ a,musfm;csif; NydKif?
om;orD;csif; NydKif? um;csif; NydKif? t0wftpm;csif; NydKifaeaom
vlYavmuBuD;xJ0,f taronfvnf; vlxJu vlwpfOD;om jzpfonf/
]]orD;av;u trfpDrSmav}} [laom pum;ukd tarvnf; ajymcsif
&Smayvdrfhrnf[k ukdrsdK;u *&kPmESifh awG;&if; vnfacsmif;wGif
eifaeaom xrif;vkwfukd twif;rsdKcsvkdufonf/
]]igi,fi,fwkef;u ajcmufvukd wpfwef;EIef;eJY twef;awG
ausmfausmfwuf&awmh q&mawGu olwkdYtdrfrSmac:NyD; naetcsdefykd
oifay;wwfw,f/ pdwfygvufygukd tvum; rwfwif; oifay;Muwm?
oDwif;uRwfus&if taru z&kH,kdav;wpfxkyfeJU
za,mif;wkdifwpfxkyfukd yef;uefjym;xJ xnfhNyD; oGm;uefawmhckdif;w,f}}
tazu wrf;wvGrf;arm[efESifhajymonf/ olYtawG;ESifhol
rausreyf jzpfaeaom taru bmrQjyefrajymay/ ajymp&m pum;awG
trsm;BuD; &Sdaomfvnf; yg;pyfydwfNyD; Nidrfaevkdufonf/
ukd,frwwfEdkifaom tvkyfwpfckukdawG;NyD; rausreyf jzpfae&jcif;onf
rnfrQ pdwfqif;&Jp&m aumif;aMumif; ukdrsdK; aumif;aumif;
em;vnfavonf/
xrif;0kdif;onf wdwfwdwfqdwfqdwfyif NyD;oGm;onf/ taru
yef;uefaq;aepOf ukdrsdK;u pm;yGJodrf;um trIdufvSnf;onf/
tazuawmh jcH0wGif&yfumaq;vdyfzGm&if; nDrav;tm; arQmfavonf/
]]zdk;wGwfaemf? xrif;pm;wm ckxd rNyD;ao;bl;vm;/ pmusufawmh
vkdYqkd? tdrfpmawG rNyD;ao;bl; r[kwfvm;}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 14
tdrfa&SUrS a':tmus,f\ toHu ysHUvGifhvmonf/
olYtrnf&if;u a':cifoef;a0 jzpfonf/ odkYaomf tmus,fvGef;
ojzifh ukdrsdK;u a':tmus,f [k usdwfNyD; trnfay;xm;jcif;
jzpfonf/
zkd;wGwfu oli,fwef;ausmif;om; jzpfonf/ olYtpfr
wkwfwkwfu okH;wef;ausmif;ol jzpfonf/ olwdkYvnf; [krf;(r)usL&Sif
,l&onf[k ukdrsdK;u aemufajymifajymwwfonf/ olwkdYq&mru
pdwfwkdNyD; t&kdufMurf;onf[k ajymvSsif zkd;wGwfu &Sufukd;&Sufuef;ESifh
&,fwwfavonf/
]]'DaeYn tvSnfhusoluawmh zkd;wGwfjzpfrvm;? wkwfwkwf
jzpfrvm;? ESpfa,mufvHk;jzpfrvm;}}
ukdrsdK;u *DwmBudK;ñ§d&if; awG;onf/ olwkdYtar a':tmus,fu
]]usL&Sifay;&w,f qkdwm ukd,fwkdifroifEkdifwJh olawGuom ay;&wm}}
[k ausmfausmfwkdY tdrfuMum;atmif cyfus,fus,f ajymavh&Sdonf/
zkd;wGwfESifhwkwfwkwfwkdY ESpfOD;pvHk;ukd olukd,fwkdifpmoifonf/
pmoif&if; pdwfwkdvQif xkd;wwf? acgufwwf? vdrfqGJwwfonf/
xkdYaMumifh npOfnwkdif;yif wpfOD;OD; aomfvnf;aumif;?
ESpfOD;vHk;aomfvnf;aumif; idk&wwfavonf/
]]a&aEG;Murf;ukd uBuD;&&pf r owf&w,f[Jh? usef;rmwmu
uBuD;,yifh e owf&w,f? taotcsm rSwfxm;}}
a':tmus,f\toHukd em;axmif&if; ukdrsdK;onf ]]ig
b,fvkdvkyfNyD; pmzwfwwf? a&;wwfvmygvdrfh}} [k jyefpOf;pm;rdonf/
rSwfrSwf&& r&SdvSay/ olwkdY oli,fwef; t&G,fwkef;u tdrfpm[lí
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 15
rvkyfcJh&onf ukdum; owd&onf/ ausmif;u jyefvmvQif
ausmif;vG,ftdwfukd ypfcsum wpfcsdK;wnf;aqmhavh&Sdonf/
aemufwpfaeY reufrS vG,ftdwfukd aumufvG,fum ausmif;oGm;onf/
]][Jhtaumif-ausmif;ujyefvm&if vG,ftdwfukd zkwfceJ ypfNyD;
aqmhzkdYpdwful;aewmyJ? vkyfprf; tdrfpmawGukd? wpfxkdifwnf;vkyf?
'Dvkdom tjrJaqmhzkdY pdwful;ae&if b,fvkdvkyfNyD; pmawmfawmhrSmvJ?
pzsif;uav;jzpfoGm;vdrfhr,f}} [k a':tmus,fu olYom;zkd;wGwfukd
qlylaevQif ukdrsdK;u ]]tif*sifeD,mavmufawmh jzpfEdkifygw,fAsm? NyD;rS
oabFmvkdufcsifvkdufaygh}} [k pdwfxJrS jyefajymaerdwwfonf/
]]om;......}}
taru ab;rSac:awmh ukdrsdK; vefYoGm;onf/ tawG;vGefaeojzifh
olYab;wGif tar 0ifxkdifaeonfukdyif rodvkdufay/
]]om;tvkyfu bmwJhwHk;}}
]]bwf*suftopfp&ifawmh tif*sifeD,mawG
trsm;BuD;ac:p&m&Sdw,f ajymwmyJ/ pau;0if&if0if? r0if&ifvJ
wpfvav;&meJY tvkyfoifaygh tar&,f}}
]]pau;0if&ifvJ ynmawmfoifawG bmawGu csufcsif;oGm;csifrS
oGm;&rSmaemf}}
taru ukdrsdK;ukd tm;ukd;arSsmfvifh[efESifh Munfhaeonf/
]]'grsdK;qkdwm ajymvkdY &wmrS r[kwfwmbJ tar&,f? tMumBuD;
apmifhae&ifawmif oGm;csifrSoGm;&wmrsdK;}}
]]tif;.......}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 16
taru rodrom oufjyif;csonf/ jcpm;NyD;aqG;pjyKaeaom
tdrfeH&H opfom;jym;rsm;ukd ai;MunfYaeonf/ ]]ighom;BuD;
EdkifiHjcm;oGm;rS um;a&mif;NyD; tdrfjyif&r,fa[h}} [k ajymavh&Sdaom
pum;ukd ukdrsdK; Mum;a,mifrdonf/ pufrIwuúokdvf
a&mufpwkef;uawmh ]]EkdifiHjcm;u um;ygvm&if tarpD;zkdYxm;yg
tar&/ tdrfjyifzkdYawmh tomxm;prf;yg? uRefawmf tdrftopf
0,fay;yghr,f/ 0if'grD,m BudKufovm;? tif;vsm;vrf; BudKufovm;?
a&TawmifMum;vrf; BudKufovm;}} [k avoHjrifhjrihfav;
ajymcJhrdao;onf/
]]oabFm vkdufcsif&ifawmh om;&JU tefu,farmifarmif u
EdkifiHjcm;ukrÜPDawGeJY wkduf&kduf qufay;NyD; cefYpm&atmif
vkyfay;r,fwJh}}
]]tajctaet&aygh tar&,f}}
]]om;u oabFmrvkdufcsifbl;vm;}}
]]wwfEkdif&ifawmh tif*sifeD,myJ vkyfcsifwmaygh tar&,f?
uRefawmfoifcJh&wJh owåKwl;azmfa&;qkdwmuvJ oabFmvkdufwmeJY
wjcm;pD? ynmukd ajcmufESpfvHk;vHk; oifvmNyD;rS.....}}
]]at;av? tajctaet&ayghuG,f? taruawmh ighom;csrf;omwm
jrifcsifwm wpfckygyJ}}
ukdrsdK;onf tarhukd Munfh&if; 0rf;enf;vmonf/ pum;vHk;awG
trsm;BuD;ukd &ifxJodkYrsdKcs&if; *Dwmukd pwif wD;cwfavonf/
]]i,fpOfu uav;wdkYb0[m aysmfyg;zkdY&m vG,fygw,f?
ukd,f&wmeJY wif;wdrfa&mifh&J}}
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 17
]][if;-'DvkdyHkeJY &ygvdrfhr,f yxr BuD;/ [kdw&kwfrom;av;rsm;
b,favmufawmfvJ? bmar;vkduf ar;vkduf a'gufa'gufukd ajy;vkdY}}
a':tmus,f\toHu ukdrsdK;\oDcsif;oHxuf us,favonf/
]]pm;csif&if 0ifpm;r,f? tdyfcsif&if 0iftdyfr,f}}
]]tHr,f? b,ftcsdefrsm;&Sdao;vkdY rif;u tdyfikdufae&wmvJ? pmukd
pdwf0ifwpm; usufprf;}}
ausmfausmf\tazu atmfonf/
]]tyltyifuif;wJh uav;b0ukd wpfcgjyefNyD; a&mufcsifao;w,f}}
ukdrsdK;onf oDcsif;qkd&if; ]]rif;wu,f uav;jyefjzpfcsif&JUvm;}}
[k ukd,fhukdukd,f ar;Munfhrdonf/
xkdYaemuf ]]igh[mig vlBuD;jzpfae&wmyJ aumif;ygw,f}} [k
wpfqufwnf; awG;rdavonf/
]]'D tdrfa&SUu Am'Hyifukd xdyfuaecsdK;ypfvkdufrS
aumif;r,fxifw,f}}
tazu jcH0rS vSrf;ajymonf/
ukdrsdK;wkdY tdrfa&SU jcHtjyifbufwGif uyfNyD; Am'Hyifav;wpfyif
pkdufxm;onf/ Am'HyifwGif wpfNydKifeufwnf; a0a0qmqm
xGufvmwwfaom yk&pfzl;&Gufopf uav;rsm;ukd vnf;aumif;?
tpdrf;Eka&mif &GufEkrsm;ukd vnf;aumif;? tpdrf;&ifha&mif &Guf&ifhrsm;ukd
vnf;aumif;? eD0ga&miforf;NyD; ajrjyifay:odkU 0Jqif;vmwwfaom
&Guf0grsm;ukd vnf;aumif; tukefvHk;ukd ukdrsdK;ESpfoufrdavonf/
olYt&yfESpfjyefcefY &SdaeNyDjzpfaom Am'Hyifav;atmufrS jzwfwkdif;
trSwfw& armfMunfhrdNrJ jzpfonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 18
]]'grS tukdif;awGu ab;ukdjzmxGufvmNyD; t&dyfaumif;aumif;
&rSm}}
ukdrsdK;onf Am'Hyifuav;ukd *&kPmoufpGm vSrf;Munfhrdonf/
]]uRefrawmh ausmfausmfwdkY tdrfa&SUu ,kZeyifav;ukd
oabmusw,f/ vHk;NyD; 0kdif;aewm cspfp&mav;}}
]]zkd;wGwfwkdYtdrfrSm yef;tkd;eJYpkdufxm;wJh *syefjrufuav;awGua&m
rvSbl;vm;/ rtmus,fuawmh a'gif;uav; u aewJh yHkuav;
azmfNyD; ñ§yfr,f ajymwmyJ}}
tazESifhtaru tcsDtcs ajymaeMuonf/ xrif;pm;yGJwGif
rMunfrvif jzpfcJhonfukd arhoGm;MuyHk &avonf/
]]tyifav;awG olYbmomol BuD;ygapvm; tar&,f? vHk;csifvHk;?
0kdif;csif0kdif;? &Snfcsif&Snf olYobm0av;eJYol aeygapawmhvm;}}
ukdrsdK;pdwfxJrS ajymrdonf/
]][J.-ra&TzJpm;wmu MumZHvufokyf rkefYzufxkyf? Muufom;
qefjyKwf acgufqGJokyfu armifa&cJpm;wm/ 'gukd taotcsm
rSwfxm;ygqkd? trSwfukd r&Sdbl;/ cPcP rSm;aewmyJ? uJ[m}}
a':tmus,fu Zkd;ceJZwfceJ acgif;ukd vSrf;acgufvkdufonf/
zkd;wGwfvnf; acgif;ukdyGwfum w½Iwf½IwfESifh idkavonf/ wkwfwkwf
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 19
crsmvnf; olYbufodkY vSnfhvmrnfukd aMumuf[efwlonf/ olYa&SUrS
rSwfpkpmtkyfxJrS taemf&xmrif;taMumif;ukd em;uGJatmif atmfusuf
avonf/
]]armvkdufwm tar&,f? um;awGuvJ usyfvkdufwm wtm;yJ}}
nDrav;\ yef;vsaomtoHukd NcH0qDrS Mum;&onf/ cPaevQif
tdrfay:wufvmrnf/ a&tkd;pifqDodkY wef;oGm;NyD; a&aomufrnf/
]]xrif;qmvkdufwmtar&,f? a&awmifrcsdK;csifawmhbl;}} [k ajymrnfukd
BudKodaeonf/ ]]ukdukd&,f-rdpkd; usL&SifoGm;zkdY um;av;wpfpD;avmuf
0,fray;ao;bl;vm;}} [k ajymOD;rnfukdvnf; BudKNyD;Mum;a,mifae
onf/
ukdrsdK;onf yifhoufukd rodrom &dIufum oDcsif;qufí nnf;
avonf/
]]jzLpifwJh ESvHk;om;av;[m ta&miftrsdK;rsdK; pGef;xifaeNyD}}
Ä Ä Ä
('*kefr*¾Zif;? 1986 {NyD)
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 20
uRefrrSmom wefckd;&Sd&ifav
5 ESpft&G,f/
uRefr i,fi,fwkef;u uRefr&JU araru yHkajymjyw,f/
armifESrESpfa,mufukd olwkdY&JUtazu awmxJrSm
xm;ypfcJhwJhyHkav/ tJ'D armifESrESpfa,muf [m 0rf;enf;yufvufeJY
ajcOD;wnfh&m avSsmufoGm;&if; rkefYawGeJY aqmufxm;wJh tdrfuav;
wpfvHk;ukd awGY&w,fwJh/
tdk;-wu,fajymwm? tukefvHk;ukd rkefYeJY t[kwfaqmufxm;wmwJh
odvm;/ NcHpnf;&kd;uvnf; rkefY? 0if;wHcg;uvnf; rkefY?
tdrfeH&HawGuvnf; rkefY? jywif;aygufawGuvnf; rkef.? aemufNyD;
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 21
opfyifawGuvnf; rkefY? tukefvHk;ukd csdKcsOfawG? acsmuvufawG?
bDpupfawG? a&cJrkefYawGeJY aqmufxm;wmav/
uRefrav ararqufajymjyaewJh yHkukdawmif taotcsm qufNyD;
em;raxmifEkdifawmhbl;/ tJ'Dvkd rkefYeJY aqmufxm;wJh rkefYtdrfBuD;ukd
pdwful;eJY awG;MunfhNyD; aysmfvkdufwm/ upm;&if;eJY qmvm&if
ararhqDukd ajy;NyD; ]]arara&-orD;qmw,f}} vkdY ajymp&m
rvkdawmhbl;/ qmvm&if qmwJhae&mrSm awGYwmukd tomav;
zJhpm;vkduf&kHyJ? [m-[/
NcHpnf;&kd;vnf; pm;vkdY&w,f? tdrfeH&HawGukdvnf; pm;vkdY&w,f/
tkd- t&rf;ukd aysmfp&maumif;rSm/ uRefrrSmom wefckd;&Sd&ifav
tJ'Dvkdtdrfav;rsdK;ukd ckcsufcsif; uRefr&JU a&SUrSm ay:vmatmif zefqif;
vkdufcsifw,f/
Ä
10 ESpft&G,f/
10 ESpforD; t&G,fwkef;u uRefrav wu,fhukd ydefydefuyfuyf
uav;&,f? uRefr&JU e*kdtom;u rjzLygbl;/ 'gayrJh aeylpyfcg;
aqmhvGef;vkdY tJ'Dwkef;u uRefr&JU tom;u ndK&Hkrubl; jymNyD;
rnf;aew,f/
taru twif;zrf;csKyfNyD; oeyfcg; vdrf;ay;&ifvnf; tom;
wjcm; oeyfcg; wjcm;rkdY xl;NyD; jzLrvmygbl;/ uRefr&JUtom;
wu,f rnf;ayr,fh uRefrukd ]]tom;rnf;r? ukvm;r}} vkdYrsm;ac:&if
uRefr odyfNyD;pdwfqkd;wmyJ/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 22
wpfaeYwkef;uvnf; ukdwkd;eJY &efjzpfw,f/ ukdwdk;qkdwm uRefrwkdY
tdrfa&SU tdrfu aumifuav;av/ olYMunfhvkduf&if jzLzyfjzLa&mfeJY
ykd;[yfjzLuav; usaewmyJ/ olYtazzwfwJh pmtkyfxlxlBuD; awGukd
em;vnf; rvnfbJ vkdufvkdufNyD; zwfcsifa,mif aqmifaewm/
vltxifBuD;atmifvkdY aerSmaygh/ vlBuD;awGuawmh csD;usL;w,f/
]]ukdwdk;uav;[mav-t&G,feJYrvkdufatmif vlBuD;qefw,f wJh?
awmfw,f wJ.}} [if;/ uRefruawmh olYukd txifrBuD;aygif/
emrnfwpfckawm. ay;xm;w,f/ ]]ya&mfzufqm tl&SD;}} vkdYav/
wpfaeYwkef;u rkd;uav; zGJzGJ&Gmawmh armifarmifwkdY? zkd;wufwdkY?
txGef;wkdYwpfawG vrf;r qif;NyD; abmvHk;uefMuw,f/
uRefrukdjrifawmh ]]a[h-ukvm;r abmvHk;uef&atmif vmav}} wJh/
uRefruvnf; xbDwkdwkd0wfNyD; abmvHk;uefr,fvkdY
xGufvmwmaygh/ cgwkdif;vnf; tJ'DvkdyJ upm;aeMuwmyJ/ tJ'gukd
tl&SD;u ajymw,fav/ ]]tom;rnf;}} wJh? ]]ukvm;r}} wJh? ]]ydefwm&kd;r}}
wJh? ]]abmvHk;uefwmeJY eifeJYbmqkdifovJ}} wJh/ ]]oGm;
tdrfay:jyefwuf}} wJh/
uRefru ]]atmifr,f bmvlyg;0wmvJ? owåd&Sd&if csrvm;?
vmcJh}} vkdY pdefac:awmh olwkdYwpfawGu 0kdif;&,fMuw,f/ ukdwkd;u
uRefrukd oem;ovkd Munfh&if; ]]a,musfm;aumif; qkdwm rdef;rawGeJY
tzufvkyfNyD; &efjzpfavh r&Sdbl; [}} wJh/ tESpfESpftvv uwnf;u
tjrifuyfaewJh uRefru olYukd ajy;NyD; ukd,fwpfapmif;
wkdufypfvkdufawmh olu ab;ukd wdrf;NyD;a&Smifvkdufw,f/ aemufNyD;
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 23
]]rrkdufprf;ygeJY ukvm;r&m wJh? eif&efjzpfcsif&if rdef;rawG aygygw,f}}
vkdY ajymao;w,f/ txGef;uvnf; uRefrukd oem;ovkd Munfh&if;
]]eifuvnf; awmf&kHpGmyg ukvm;rav;&m}} wJhav/
tdk-rkef;vkdufwmrsm; "m;eJYukd EkyfEkyfpOf;ypfcsifw,f/ uRefrrSmom
wefckd;&Sd&ifav tJ'DtaumifawG ukd "m;eJYEkyfEkyfpOf;
ig;ydig;csOfodyfovkd tkd;xJ zdodyfNyD; vrf;av;cGqHkrSm csNyD; acG;awGukd
auR;vkdufcsifw,f/ t[kwfajymwm/
Ä
15 ESpf/
araruajymw,f? orD;BuD;vm&if q&m0efrBuD; jzpfatmif
ckuwnf;u pmukd zdNyD; BudK;pm;ygwJh/ 'grS aq;ausmif;wufcGifh
&rSmwJh/ tif;-uRefrvnf; q&m0efawmh jzpfcsifom;yJ/ trSeftwkdif;
&Sif;&Sif; 0efcH&&if aq;ukcsifvkdYawmh r[kwfygbl;/
[kd;wpfcg aq;&kHBuD;a&mufwkef;u q&m0efraygufpav;awG
*sLwDukwfjzLjzLav;awG 0wfNyD; em;usyfuav;awG vufuukdifNyD;
MuG<uav;awG avSsmufoGm;wmukd tm;usvkdYyg/ 'gayrJh wDaumifawG
zm;awGukd rukdifcsifygbl;/vlaoawG ukdif&rSmawmh
omaMumufao;w,f/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 24
ukdwkd;uawmh q&m0efvkyfrSmwJh/ txGef;uawmh tif*sifeD,m
vkyfrSmvkdY ajymw,f/ aemufNyD; ]]ukvm;r wJh? eif-jzpfajrmufrSmvnf;
r[kwfbJ tyifyef;cHNyD; pmusufraeeJU? at;at;aq;aq;
tif*sifeD,muawmfyJ vkyfygvm;}}wJh/ aoemus zkd;wufuawmh
NyHK;NyHK;yJ/ ]]iguawmh rD;pOfMunfhNyD; u &rSmyJ]] wJh/ ajymrSmaygh olu
pmrS rawmfwm/ v ppfpmar;yGJawG rSmawmif bmompHk atmifcsifwm
r[kwfbl;/
ararwkdY azazwdkYuawmh wpfcsdefvHk;yJ ]]pmusuf? pmusuf}} vkdY
ajymaewmyJ/ uRefrav pmusuf ysif;ayr,fh pmawmhawmfcsifygw,f/
uRefrrSmom wefcdk;&Sd&ifav pmawGukd rusuf&bJ tvkdvkd
wwfNyD;om;jzpfatmif vkyfvkdufrSmyJ/ b,fu prf;prf; nmu prf;prf;
tukefwwfNyD;om; tukefodNyD;om; t[rf;? b,favmuf
aumif;vkdufrvJ/
Ä
touf 20/
a[mawmh-zkd;wufuvnf; uRefrukd BudKufw,fwJh/
txGef;uvnf; BudKufw,fwJh/ ukdwkd;uvnf; BudKufw,fwJh/
tvsifwkef;uawmh olwkdYuyJ tom;rnf; aygufausmfr? ukvm;r
qkdNyD;awmh.........[m....[/
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 25
yGifhyGifhvif;vif;ajym&&if olwkdY oHk;a,mufvHk;ukd uRefr
cifNyD;om;yJ/ 'gayrJh rdef;uav;qkdawmh ukd,fu vkdufBudKufvkdY&wm
r[kwfbl;/ ukd,fhukd BudKufwJholawGxJuom a&G;&wm r[kwfvm;/
araruawmh ukdwkd;eJYoabmwlyHk&w,f/ wlrSmaygh ukdwkd;u
q&m0efavmif;ukd;/ uRefruawmh ukdwdk;ukd r,lcsifygbl;/
wpfoufvHk; avBuD;avus,fawG aNymNyD; q&mvkyfwmcHae&rSm/
zkd;wufukdvnf; rpOf;pm;csifbl;/ olu pmrSrawmfwm/
q,fwef;awmif raeYwpfaeYurSatmifwm/ &awmhvnf; toHk;ruswJh
ar*smvkdif;/ bDtufpfpDbGJUav;&atmifawmif renf; zspfn§pf
BudK;pm;&r,fholrsdK;/ 'Dawmh b,folusefao;vJ/ t[uf-txGef;
yJaygh/ r&,feJYaemf/
txGef;ukd uRefr wu,f a&G;rSmyg/txGef;u tif*sifeD,m
avmif;av-&kyfuvnf; acsmw,f/ &,fp&mawGvnf; ajymwwfw,f/
uRefrpdwfaumuf&ifvnf; rajy ajyatmif acsmhw,f/ uJ-
bmvkdao;vJ? 'DvkdvlrsdK;ukdrS vufrcH&if b,folYukdvufcH&rSmvJ/
aeOD;-aeOD; wkd;wkd;av;ajymjyr,f/ &Suf&SufeJY ajym&wmaemf r&,fygeJY/
tvsifwkef;u txGef;u uRefrukd odyfcspfw,fvkdY uRefrxifwm?
wu,fusawmh uRefru txGef;ukd odyfcspfaewmukd;/
ol 'Dhjyif rdef;uav;eJY pum;ajym&if uRefr rBudKufbl;/
wpfcgwkef;u txGef; uRefrwkdYar*smu qwfaumhvwfaumh
aumifrav;awGeJY oleJY &,f&,farmarm ajymaeMuwkef;ursm; qkd&if
uRefr &ifxJrSm b,fvkdBuD;rSef;ukd rodbl;/ odyfNyD;idkcsifwmyJ/ tkd-
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 26
uRefrrSmom wefckd;&Sd&ifav? txGef;&JU rsufvHk;awG EIwfcrf;awGukd
uRefrwpfa,mufuvGJvkdY b,frdef;rukdrS rjrif&atmif pum;vnf;
ajymvkdYr&atmif vkyfypfvkdufcsifw,f/
Ä
25 ESpft&G,f/
raeYnu uRefrom;uav; arG;w,f/ om;OD;qkdawmh
0rf;emcsdefu t&rf;MumwmyJ/ aemufNyD; wu,farG;wJh tcsdefusawmh
n§pftm; r&SdawmhvkdY n§yfqGJ&w,f/ tkd-a0'emawGukd pmzGJY
raecsifawmhygbl;av? om;av;&JU idkoHMum;&wmeJY a0'emawGvnf;
tvkdvkd aysmufawmh wmyJ[m/
om;av;u txGef;eJY wlw,f? EIwfcrf;yg;av;eJY/ aemufNyD;
uRefreJYwlvkdY yg;csdKifhav;vnf; ygao;w,f/ uRefru ]]om;av;u
odyfvSwmyJaemf}} qkdawmh txGef;u acgif;ndwfw,f/
]]wpfavmuvHk;rSm tvSqHk;aemf}} qkdawmhvnf; acgif;ndwfwmyJ/
aemufNyD; uRefrwkdYESpfa,muf wpfa,mufukdwpfa,muf MunfhNyD;
&,frdMuw,f/ tkd-uRefrrSmom wefckd;&Sd&ifav uRefr&JUom;av; ukd
urÇmay:rSm tacsmqHk;? tvSqHk;? tawmfqHk;? txufjrufqHk;?
tjrifhjrwfqHk; tkd-aumif;qkdorSs taumif;qHk;jzpfatmif
zefwD;ay;vkdufcsifw,f/
Ä
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 27
touf 30/
raeYwkef;u uRefr&JU oli,fcsif;wpfa,muf qHk;oGm;w,f/
OD;aESmuftajr§;a&mifwmvkdY ajymwmyJ/ wwGJwGJeJYodyfcifcJhwm
r[kwfayr,fh bDat twlatmifcJhMuwJhol tcsif;csif;qkdawmh
rtm;wJhMum;xJu a&mufjzpfatmif oGm;&w,f/ tkd-olYrSm om;orD;
oHk;a,muf usefcJhwmyJ/ uav;vlrr,fav;awG/ tBuD;rav;u
ig;ESpf&SdNyD? tawmfav; odwwfaeNyD qkdawmh olYtar&JU
&kyftavmif;ukdMunfh&if; &dIufBuD;wiif idkae&Smw,f/
tkd-uRefr aMumufvkdufwmav/ uRefrrsm; tJ'Dvkd jAKef;pm;BuD;
aooGm;&if b,fvkdvkyfrvJ/ uRefrom;av;awG ratrJhNyD;
usefcJhawmhrSmyJ aemf/ bk&m;-bk&m;/ awG;awmif rawG;&Jbl;/ olwkdYukd
rateJYxyfwl b,foljyKpkEkdifrSmvJ/ b,fol ,k,EkdifrSmvJ/ uRefr
usef;rmatmifae&r,f/ touf&Snfatmif ae&r,f/ uRefr&ifaoG;awG
twGufav/
tdrfa&mufawmh om;uav;ESpfa,mufukd zufNyD;
rsuf&nfusrdw,f/ txGef;uawmh uRefrukd MunfhNyD; &,fw,f/
]]&l;yghuGm}} wJh/ &l;w,fyJ ajymajym? aygw,fyJ ajymajym? bmyJ
ajymajym uRefruawmh ao&rSmukd aoravmuf aMumufaerdw,f/
tkd-uRefrrSmom wefckd;&Sd&ifav aorif;ukd trdefYay;xm;r,f/ &Sif
uRefrem;ukd a,mifvkdYawmif rvmcJhygeJYOD; vkdY/ uRefrrSm vkyfp&mawG
trsm;BuD;&Sdao;w,fvkdY av/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 28
Ä
touf 35/
'DaeY om;wkdYatmifpm&if;xGufw,f/ om;BuD;u ig;wef;atmifNyD?
om;i,fu oHk;wef;atmifNyDav/ atmifpm&if;awG oGm;Munfhawmh
zkd;wufeJY awGUw,f/ olvnf; olYuav;awG atmifpm&if;
vmMunfhwmwJh/ ol uRefrwkdY vrf;xJu ajymif;oGm;wm MumNyD/
uRefreJY rawGUwmvnf; MumvSNyD/
]]b,fhES,fhvJ tif*sifeD,muawmfBuD; vSvkdY0vkdYygvm;}} wJh/
olvnf; 0aewmyJ/ olYrdef;rbufu ykdufqH&Sdw,f/ tck
bmvkyfaeovJ qkdawmh olu &,fw,f/
]]uefx&kdufav; bmav; vkyfrvm;vdkY}} wJh/
uRefru.....]][if-eif tdrfaqmufwwfvkdYvm;}} qkdawmh olu
w[J[J &,f&if;-]][-'Dynm wwfzkdY bmcufovJ/ eifha,musfm;vkd
ajcmufESpfvHk;vHk; oifrSwwfr,f xifovm;}} wJh/
olYrdef;reJY olYa,mufzawG uvnf; NrdKUxJrSm aq;cef;zGifhzkdY
pDpOfaew,fwJh/ txl;ukq&m0efawG iSm;NyD; xkdifckdif;rSmav/ ]]ukdwkd;ukd
xkdifckdif;ygvm;}} qkdawmh zkd;wufu ESmacgif;&IHUw,f/ ]]ukdwkd;u
txl;ukvnf; r[kwf? orm;awmfvnf; r[kwf? &kd;&kd;q&m0efukd
igwkdYu w,fNyD;roHk;csifbl;}} wJhav/ tif;......ygwdwf&SyftuÐseJY?
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 29
ig;oHk;vHk; pD;u&ufeJY? Adkufuav;uvnf; r&TJw&TJeJY/
zkd;wufMunfh&wm olaX;*kdufuawmh tjynfhyJ/
uRefrvm;? uRefrvnf; csrf;omcsifwmaygh? uRefr
om;av;awGukd ausmif;um;eJY ausmif;wufckdif;r,fhtpm;
ukd,fykdifum;av;ukd ukd,fwkdifarmif;NyD; ausmif;vkdufykdYcsifwmaygh/
pdefem;uyftBuD;BuD;? pdefvufpGyftBuD;BuD;vnf; 0wfcsifwmaygh/
0if'grD,mwkdY? a&TawmifMum;wdkYrSm wkdufeJYvnf; aecsifwmaygh&Sif?
uRefrrSmom wefckd;&Sd&if &kyf0w¬Kypönf; vkdtyfcsufawG tukefvHk;ukd
uRefra&SUrSm 0kef;ceJ ay:vmatmif zefqif;vkdufrdrSmyJ/
Ä
touf 40/
'DESpf om;BuD; q,fwef;ajz&r,fav/ bmomu ajcmufbmom/
jrefrmpmz,fxm;vkdufNyD; usefwJh ig;bmomukdawmh usL&Sif,l&r,fwJh/
0kdif;eJUoifrS [efrSmwJhav/ 0kdif;qkdawmh wpfbmom wpf&mxm;?
ig;bmom ig;&myJ? 'gu avQmhwGufwm/ 'Dxufrsm;zkdY&Sdw,fwJh/
om;i,f&JU usL&Sifzkd;uvnf; wpfv wpf&mausmfw,f/ txGef;&JUvc
wpfvwpfaxmifavmuf &ayr,fh olwkdY usL&Sifzkd;awG EIwf&if
uRefrwdkYrdom;pk wpfvvHk; ipdefqefukdawmif rcsufbJ qm;jzL;NyD;
pm;&awmhr,fxifw,f/ qefukd xrif;jzpfatmif csufae&&if
rD;aoG;zkd;u wufvmOD;r,f r[kwfvm;/ txGef;uawmh xHk;pHtwkdif;
cyfaysmfaysmfyJ/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 30
]]uka#&Spfq,f olaX;om; bmvkdYrGJoGm;wmvJ odvm;/
om;orD;awG usL&Sifay;&vkdYwJhuG/ rMum;zl;bl;vm;}} vkdY ajymNyD;
&,faeao;w,f/ uRefruvnf; ]]rGJwmu taMumif;r[kwfbl;?
rGJp&mykdufqH&SdzkdYu taMumif;}} vkdY cyfjywfjywf ajymrdw,f/
raeYnuawmh ]]txGef;&,f? tjyifrSm uefx&kdufuav;
bmav;rsm; vkyfzkdY pdwfrul;awmhbl;vm;/ wpfzufwpfvrf;u
0ifaiGav; NrdK;NrdK; jrufjruf &Sdwmaygh}} vkdY acsmhacsmharmharmh
ajymrdw,f/
txGef;uawmh tMumBuD;ai;aeNyD;rS acgif;cgw,f/
]]rjzpfygbl;[m}} wJh/ ]]tukefvHk;ukdawmh rqkdvkdygbl;/ 'gayrJh
uefx&kduf vkyfaeMuwmawGu zkd;wufvkdvlrsdK;awGrsm;wm?
wwfvkdYvkyfMuwmrS r[kwfwmbJ wJh? bdvyfajrckd;? opfom;ckd;?
oHacsmif;ckd;NyD; tjzpfuav;? tjrifvS&kHav; aqmufaeMuwm/
'grSvnf; tjrwftpGef; rsm;rsm; usefrSmr[kwfvm; wJh/ ukd,fuawmh
taotcsm wGufcsufNyD; ckdifcHhatmif a&&Snfaumif;atmif
aqmufrSmqkdawmh tjrwfrxGufbJ tdwfxJu pkdufae&OD;r,f}} wJhav/
]]olwkdYvkdyJ aqmufaygh txGef;&,f}} qkdawmh txGef;av-uRefrukd
pl;pl;&Gm;&Gm; vSrf;MunfhNyD; a'gowMuD; ajymw,f/
]]raumif;rSef;odvsufeJY rckdifrSef;odvsufeJY aiGrsufESmukdMunfhNyD;
ighacgif;xJu ynmawGukd iguvTifhypf&rSmvm;}} wJh/ uRefrvnf;
bmrS qufrajymcsifawmhygbl;/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 31
wpfaeYwkef;uvnf; udkwkd;eJUawGYw,f/ olu uRefrwkdYxufawmh
omw,f/ pvHk;eHygwf ukd,fykdifum;av; pD;Ekdifw,f/ olYaq;cef;u
qifajczHk;rSm? 'gayrJh vlrsm;w,f/ awmfw,fqkdNyD;awmhvnf;
owif;arT;w,f/ ]]wkdufraqmufao;bl;vm; ukdwdk;&JU}} qkdawmh olu
&,faew,f/ ]]vlemrsm;wmom eifjrifwmukd;? vlem wpfa,muf
wpfa,mufukd bmrS&wm r[kwfbl;qkdwmawmh eifu odwmrS
r[kwfwm}} wJh/
]]q&m0efawG aq;cef;xkdifNyD; csrf;omw,f qkdwmvnf;
tBuHtzefav;awG &Sd&wmyJ/ "mwfrSefXmewkdY "mwfcGJcef;wkdYeJY
em;vnfrI,lNyD; rvkdvJvkdvJ "mwfrSef&kdufckdif;? aoG;ppf? qD;ppfckdif;
0rf;ppfckdif;/ vlemuawmh q&m0efckdif;w,fqkd rsufvHk;rsufqHjyL;NyD;
tajy;tvTm;vkyf&wm? toufab;[mukd;/ wpfcsDwnf;eJY wpf&mausmf
ESpf&mavmuf acsmua&m? csrf;omwJholqkd taMumif;r[kwfygbl;?
wpfcsdKU acs;iSm;NyD;ukMu&wm? iguawmh oem;wwfw,f? pdwfvnf;
aysmhw,f[/ qif;&JwJhvlemawGqkd&if rwwfEkdifrSef;odawmh
aq;zkd;,l&wmawmif vufwGefYrdw,f/ wcsdKUusawmhvnf;
q&m0efoabmaumif;rSef;odvkdY aq;xkd;aq;ay;NyD;rS ]wpfusyfyJ
ygw,f} qkdwmrsdK;u &Sdao;w,f}} vkdY ajymNyD; &,fw,f/
aemufNyD;.....]]bmyJajymajym ighb0ukd igauseyfygw,f/
om;orD;awGukdvnf; usL&Sifaumif;aumif; ay;xm;Ekdifw,f?
iuRJqefukd qDjyef[if;eJY pm;Ekdifw,f? awmfNyDaygh}} wJh/ ]]'guawmh
eifh bufukd;? eifhrdef;ruawmh bmrSrajymbl;vm;}} qkdawmh ukdwkd;u
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 32
&,fvkdufwm/ ]]'guawmh rdef;rukd;}} wJh/ ]]rdef;rqkdwm a,musfm;xuf
avmbBuD;wwfwmyJ}} wJh/
wpfaeYwkef;uawmh olu zkd;wufeJY awGYvmao;w,fwJh/ olu
csLoHygatmif nnf;jyawmh zkd;wufu oem;oGm;w,fxifyg&JU/
NrdKUxJu olYaq;cef;rSm vmxkdifcsifxkdifzdkY ajymw,fwJh av/
]]olYaq;cef;xdkifawmh olwkdYaq;cef;a&SUrSm olwkdYa&mif;wJh aq;awGukd
vlemawGaomufzkdY rvkdvJvkdvJ nTef;ay;&rSmaygh[m/ igu 'Dvkd
rvkyfcsifao;bl;}} wJh/
tif;......zkd;wufwkdYrsm; csrf;omcsifawmhvnf; csrf;omNyD;&if;
csrf;om&if;yJaemf/ tjyefusawmh tjrefum;ukd usyfusyfeJY
twif;wkd;wuf? tv,facgif oHzifxdkifcHkuav;ay:rSm [kd,drf;'D,dkifeJY
xkdif&if; ]]igom zkd;wufukd ,lrd&if om;wkdYtwGuf usL&Sifzkd;ukd tckvkd
ylaep&m vkdrSmr[kwfbl;}} vkdY rawG;aumif;awG;aumif;
awG;rdao;w,f/ vGefcJhwJh tESpfESpfq,favmufwkef;u
olwkd.oHk;a,mufxJrSm zkd;wufu pmtnHUqHk; twHk;qHk;/ tckawmh
olu toGufqHk;? tvsifqHk;? tcsrf;omqHk;/ olwwfwJh ynmawGukd
aq;ausmif;xGufukdwdk;a&m pufrIausmif;xGuf txGef;a&m
rwwfMuwmuawmh trSefyJ/
ukdwdk;uajymw,f/ rdef;rqkdwm avmbBuD;w,fwJh/
[kwfrvm;awmh rodbl;/ uRefrav txGef;xufykdNyD; avmbBuD;w,f/
txGef;xufykdNyD; csrf;omcsifpdwf rsm;w,f/ olu MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf;
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 33
b0rSm cyfaysmfaysmf cyfNyHK;NyHK;aeEkdifayr,fh uRefruawmh rNyHK;Ekdif
raysmfEkdifbl;/ ukdwkd;wkdY txGef;wkdY&JU acgif;xJu ynmawG
todpdwf"mwfawGeJY OD;aESmufawGukd zkd;wuf&JU OD;aESmufeJU
vJay;vkdufEkdif&if aumif;r,faemf/
[if;......uRefrrSmom wefckd;&Sd&ifav......./
ÄÄÄ
(uvsm? 1986? ZGef)
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 34
OD;cuf a':oufESifh t&yfxJu vlrsm;taMumif;
]]olwkYd vifr,m;vm;? cifp&maumif;ygw,f? 'gayrJh a,musfm;u
ykdoabmaumif;w,f}}
OD;cufESifh a':oufwkdY vifr,m;ukd trsm;u xkdodkYyif aNymwwf
onf/
wcsdKUwavuawmh ]]rdef;rBuD;uawmh cyfqkd;qkd;&,f}} [k
jznfhpGufajymonf/ udkaxG;uawmh a':oufukd qkd;onf[k rxif?
odkYaomf OD;cufavmuf oabmraumif;onfuawmh trSefyif/
]]qkd;w,f aumif;w,f qkdwm EIdif;,SOfjcif; r[kwfvm;/
EkdYESpfa&mif[m t0gESifh,SOf&if NzLaeayr,fh tjzLqGwfqGwf
eJY,SOf&ifawmh 0goGm;wmaygh/ tif;av-OD;cufeJY,SOf&ifawmh a':ouf
wif ruygbl;? vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m qkd;oGm;MurSmyg}}
ukdaxG;u rMumcPawG;rdwwfonf/ 'D&yfuGuf?
'Dvrf;uav;xJokdY ola&mufvmonfrSm oHk;ESpfeD;yg;cefY&SdNyDrkdY vrf;xJrS?
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 35
&yfuGufxJrS vlawG taMumif;ukd tweftoifh wD;rdacgufrd
aeNyDjzpfonf/
OD;cufwkdYvifr,m;ESifh ukdaxG;u tcef;csif;uyfvsuf jzpfonf/
ESpfq,fhav;ay rsufESmpm&Sdaom tdrfukd Mum;xJrS
oHk;xyfom;eH&Hjcm;um q,fhESpfaypDrQNyD; ykdif;xm;Mu&onf/ ukdaxG;u
vlysdKBuD; wpfukd,fwnf;? OD;cufwkdYuvnf; uav;om;i,f r&Sd?
'Dawmh olwkdYtcef;av; ESpfcef;onf qlqlnHnH r&SdbJ Nidrfouf
at;csrf;onf/ xrif;csdKifhqGJpm;aom ukdaxG;twGuf a':oufu
yefaxGazsmf? ig;ydaxmif;? i&kyfoD;aMumf ponfrsm;ukd omru
wpfcgwpf&Hvnf; olwkdYcsufaom qDjyef[if;ESifh [if;csdKylylav;rsm;
ukdyg owdw& ay;wwfonf/
pmwkdaypa&;aom ukdaxG;uvnf; pmrlc&vSsif &ovkd
acgufqGJaMumf? MumZHaMumf? aygifrkefY? udwfrkefY ponfrsm;ukd
olwdkYtwGuf 0,fcsrf; vmwwfonfrkdY tdrfeD;csif;toGif ruawmhbJ
aqGrsdK;&if;csmozG,f cifrif&if;ESD;aeNyD jzpfonf/ tpOftNrJ wNyHK;NyHK;ESifh
oabmaumif;vGef;aom OD;cuf\ taMumif;ukd odovkd wifpD;onf
ausmonf[k xifvSsif enf;enf;rQ rcHcsifwwfaom a':ouf\
taMumif;ukdvnf; rodrjzpf odvm&avonf/
]]olaumif;vGef;vdkY igvlqkd; jzpfaewm ukdaxG;&JU}}
a':oufu aq;vdyfuav; waighaighzGm&if; ajymwwfonf/
]][kwfwmaygh}}
ukdaxG;u pdwfxJrS usdwfí axmufcHonf/ ]]wpfaeYu udpöyJ
Munfhygvm;}} [k ylylaEG;aEG; udpöukd owd&onf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 36
OD;cufxHwGif bDajcmuf&m av;bD;um;uav; wpfpD; &Sdonf/
olyifpifr,lrDu &kH;rSrJaygufNyD; 0,fcGifh&cJhjcif; jzpfonf/
olyifpif,lawmh xkdum;uav;ukd ukd,fwkdifarmif;um wuúpD
qGJpm;onf/ wpfcgwpf&Hvnf; ukd,fwm&aom "mwfqD *gvef tykdukd
a&mif;pm;um tdrfwGifyif oufoufomom xkdifaewwfonf/
rnfokdYyifqkdap? xkdum;uav;ESifh xkd"mwfqDuav;onf OD;cufwkdY\
qeftkd;ukd jznfhwif;ay;ae&onfukdawmh ukdaxG;omru
tm;vHk;odMurnfyif jzpfonf/
xkdokdYodonfhMum;xJrS ododBuD;ESifh tdrfa&SUtdrfrS OD;tHk;cifu
OD;cufqDrS "mwfqDukd rMumcP awmif;wwfonf/ ]]OD;cufa&-
uRefawmhum;uav; toHk;rsm;oGm;vkdYAsm? "mwfqDwpf*gvefavmuf
acs;ygOD;/ eufjzef "mwfqDqkdif oGm;p&mawmif rusefawmhbl;/
wpf*gvefavmuf vkyfygOD;Asm}} ponf ponfjzifh yHk;uav; qGJ qGJNyD;
a&mufvmwwfonfrSm ukdaxG;odorQyif oHk;cgavmuf&SdNyD/ olr&Sdckduf
rodckduf vm,loGm;onfrsm;vnf; &SdvdrfYOD;rnf[k xifonf/ okdYaomf
jyefay;onfukdawmh wpfcgrQ rawGY&/
udk,fh[mukd,f raocsmí a':oufukd wkd;wkd;usdwfusdwf
ar;Munfhawmh ]]"mwfqD wpf*gvef tjyifbufrSm b,faps;aygufovJ
eifvJodygw,f ukdaxG;&,f? tJ'D ukdtHk;cifu ykdNyD;awmhawmif
odOD;r,f? 'gaMumifhvnf; vmvm EdIufaewmaygh? acs;w,f acs;w,feJY
vlMum;aumif;atmifom atmfatmf oGm;wm[Jh/ wpfcgqkd wpfcgrS
jyefr&zl;ygbl;}} [k pdwfysufvufysuf ajymonf/
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 37
aemufwcg OD;tHk;cifu yHk;uav;qGJNyD; ]]OD;cufa&}} [k
vmac:awmh a':oufu ]]"mwfqDvm;-a&mif;pm;zkdYxm;wm awmfa&U?
vkdcsif&if aygufaps; ay;cJh}} [k qD;í ajymonf/ OD;tHk;cifu
]]cifAsm;uvJ vlukdjrif&if "mwfqDvmacs;w,f xifawmhwmukd;?
qkdifrSm tif*sif0kdifawG ay;aeNyDvkdY vmajymwmygAs}} [k
t&Sufajyajym&if; rtDrvnfESifh jyefoGm;onf/
OD;cufuawmh tm;emvGef;í tdrfcef;xJrS rxGuf&J? ]]"mwfqDav;
wpf*gvef b,favmufrsm; wefrSmrdkYvJ rdef;r&,f? tm;emp&m
aumif;vkdufwm}} [k avaysmhav;ESifh qD;ajymawmh a':ouf u
]]b,fuvm "mwfqDav; wpf*gvef&rSmvJ? "mwfqDBuD; wpf*gvefyg?
tJ'D "mwfqDBuD; wpf*gvef b,favmufwefovJqkdwm &SifvJod
uRefrvJod? tJ'D OD;tHk;cifvJod wpfwkdif;vHk;od wpfjynfvHk;od}} [k
tdrfa&SUtdrfrS Mum;atmif toHus,fus,fESifh [pfonf/
]]b,fol w&m;ysufysuf ukd,frysufygeJY rouf&,f}}
]]tkd-ysufrSmyJ? oabmaumif; wmukd tcGifhta&; ,lNyD; wifpD;
aewJh[mukd}}
]]'guawmh rif;u wifpD;aew,fvkdY oabmxm;aewmukd;?
ulnDcGifhBuHKvkdY ulnD&w,fvkdY bmvkdY oabmrxm;EkdifovJ}}
]]tr,fav; av;-OD;armifarmifcuf&,f? ulnDw,f qkdwm
wpfcgESpfcgyJ jzpf&rSmaygh awmh? 'Dvkdom tNrJ ulnDae&&ifav
usKyfwkdY rD;zkdacsmifu qeftkd;BuD; qefcyfvkdufwkdif; *svpf-*svpfeJYyJ
jrnfae&rSmukdvnf; awG;MunfYprf;ygOD;}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 38
]]tif;-[kwfwmaygh}} OD;cufu bmrQjyefrajymaomfvnf;
wpfzufcef;rS ukdaxG;u acgif;ndwfNyD; axmufcHrdonf/
]]xrif;iwfaewJhol vm&if vmcJhprf;yg? ukd,frpm;bJ auR;yghr,f/
wu,f 'ku©a&mufae&ifvnf; vmyg? rulnD&if roufwkdY tjypf?
tckawmh a,musfm;wefrJh tkef;qHBudK;avmuf a&TqGJBudK;BuD; vnfyif;rSm
qGJxm;NyD; odef;ausmfwef ukd,fykdifum;BuD;vnf; pD;aeNyD;
ukd,ftoHk;vkdvkdYrS "mwfqDwpf*gvefavmufukd tjyifaps;eJY
r0,fEkdifbl;vm;-r0,fEkdifvkdY acs;&ifaum? bmudpö jyefray;Edkif&wmvJ}}
a':oufu wpfzspfawmufawmufESifh qufí ajymaepOf OD;cufu
xD;uav;qGJum tdrfay:rS qif;oGm;onf/ aps;xdyfu
vufzuf&nfqkdifwGif em;at;yg;at; oGm;xkdifawmhrnfukd ukdaxG;
odavonf/ a':oufESifh uawmufuq jzpfwkdif; OD;cufwpfa,muf
vufzuf&nfqkdif oGm;xkdifNyD; pD;u&ufzGmwwfonf/ pD;u&uf
oHk;vdyfavmuf qufwkduf zGmNyD;vQifum; bmrQrjzpfouJhokdY tdrfukd
at;at;aq;aq; jyefvmonf/ wpfcgwpf&H pHy,fyef;onf?
ca&yef;onf? uHhaumfyef;onfrsm;ukd vrf;rSm awGY&vQif
a':ouftwGuf yef;rsm; 0,fvmavh&Sdonf/ ]]roufa&-a&mh
rif;yefzkdY}} [k NyHK;NyHK;BuD;ajymvQif plykyfykyf jzpfaeaom
a':ouf\rsufESmonfvnf; ajyavsmhoGm;wwfavonf/
wpfcgwpf&Hawmhvnf; a':oufESifhtNydKif ukdaxG;yg a&mNyD;
a'gojzpf&onf/ bmudpöjzpfjzpf olYrSm cHbufucsnf;
cHae&aomaMumifh jzpfavonf/ OD;cufESifhrkdY vufzuf&nfqkdifrSm
awGYvQif rnfolrQ vufzuf&nfzkd;ay;&ef rpOf;pm;Muawmhay/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 39
tm;vHk;twGuf &Sif;ay;&efrSm OD;cuf\ b0ay;wm0ef[k
owfrSwfxm;Mu[ef &Sdonf/ trsm;ESifhtwloGm;aom c&D;wGif
tav;qHk;ypönf;ukd o,f&efrSmvnf; OD;cuf\ b0ay;wm0efyif
jzpfonf/ olYtaygif;toif;rsm; aiGvkdvQifvnf; twkd;rygbJ
aiGacs;&efrSm OD;cuf\ b0ay;wm0ef jzpfovkd? jyefrqyfyguvnf;
tqHk;cH&ef wm0ef&Sdavonf/ OD;cufonf aumif;zkdY&efom
arG;zGm;vmoljzpfí olaumif;jcif;twGuf rnfolurQvnf;
txl;wvnf aus;Zl;wif&efrvkd? todtrSwfjyK&efrvkd [laom
taetxm;rsdK; jzpfaeawmh ab;rSaeNyD; ukdaxG;u a'gojzpf&onf/
]]vlqkdwm b,fvkd[mawGrsm;ygvdrfh? oabmaumif;w,fqkd&if
tcGifhta&;awG zdNyD;,lawmhwmyJvm;? wpfaeUuvJ wpftdrfausmfu
OD;xGef;atmifwkdYvifr,m; MunfhygOD;? aps;xdyfuaeNyD;
vufzuf&nfqkdif xGufvmwJhOD;cufukd vrf;BuHKo,foGm;ygqkdNyD;
aps;jcif;tav;BuD; ay;vkdufw,f/ OD;cufu rEkdifreif;eJU w,rf;,rf;
qGJvm&w,f/ a[m-olwkdYvifr,m; uawmh bk&m;yef;pnf;av;
wpfpnf;pD ykdufNyD; ayghayghyg;yg; jyefvmvkdufMuwm}}
wpfaeYwkef;u tjzpfukd pOf;pm;NyD; ukdaxG;u topfwpfzef
xyfNyD; a'gojzpfcsifvmonf/ olwdkYvifr,m;tdrfwGif
jcif;awmif;csay;NyD; tdrfjyefa&mufawmh OD;cuf y&kyfqDykvif; &Smonf/
a':oufukd rvdrf;ckdif;&Jawmh ukdaxG;qD ul;vmNyD; ]]ighausm eJY cg;ukd
y&kyfqDenf;enf; vdrf;ay;prf;yg ukdaxG;&m}} [k wkd;wkd;ajymavonf/
OD;cufukd y&kyfqDvdrf;ay;aepOf &,f&,farmarmESifh
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 40
tdrfa&SUrSjzwfoGm;aom olwkdYvifr,m;ukd jrifawmh ukdaxG;u
yg;pyftNidrf raeEdkifawmhbJ
]]aMomf-cifAsm;wkdY vifr,m;uawmh MunfEl; aevkdufMuwm?
OD;cufBuD;awmh jcif;awmif; tav;BuD; qGJcJh&vkdY cg;emaeNyDAs}} [k
vSrf;atmfonf/
]]tkd-jzpfrSjzpf&av OD;cuf&,f? qkdufum;iSm;vkduf&if ESpfusyfyJ[m?
tvum;ae&if; qGJoGm;awmh uRefawmfvJ tm;emvkdY Munfhaevkdufwm}}
OD;xGef;atmifu pdwfraumif;[efESifh tm;emjcif;BuD;pGm ajymonf/
'Dawmh ukdaxG;vnf; axmif;ceJ jzpfoGm;um- ]][kwfvm;-
OD;xGef;atmifu odyftm;emwwfwmyJ aemf? uRefawmfvJ tJ'Dvkd
tm;emwwfcsifvkdufwm? qkdufum;c ESpfusyfavmuf oufom&if
enf;wm rSwfvkdYvm;}} [k ajymypfvkdufonf/
ynmwwfvifr,m;uawmh &,f&,farmarmESifh rMum;csif[ef
aqmifoGm;Muonf/
]]cufvkdufwm ukdaxG;&m? rif;uvJ roufvkd ygyJvm;/
pdwfaumif;av; wpfck arG;prf;yg[? arG;prf;yg}}
olUcg;ukd ol vufESifhESdyfaeaom OD;cufu olawmfaumif;w&m;ukd
a[maeao;onf/ 'Dawmhvnf; ukdaxG;u ]]qufajym&ifvJ ightqkd;yJ
jzpfawmhrSm? awmfMum olUrdef;rBuD;u cyfqkd;qkd; qdkwmeJYwif rNyD;bJ
olYtcef;ab;u vluvJ aumif;wmr[kwfbl; qkdwmyg
qufvmOD;r,f}} [k rausreyfESifh pOf;pm;aerdavonf/
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 41
rnfokdYyifqkdap? OD;cuf oabmaumif;onfuawmh trSefyif?
'gukdawmh ukdaxG;vufcHonf/ pdwfapwem aumif;vSaom
OD;cufwpfa,muf aeYpOfaeYwkdif; ukokdvfawG&aeonfrSmvnf;
trSefyif/ okdYygaomfvnf; ab;rSaeNyD; yg&rDjznfh&ol a':ouf
omru ukdaxG;yg a&mNyD; tukodkvfw&m;awG yGm;rsm;ae&onfuawmh
cufvSygonf/
]]bmyJjzpfjzpfaygh a':ouf&,f? olY[molawmh pdwfcsrf;om
aewmyJ[m? vTwfomxm;vkduf}}ukdaxG;u pdwfcsOfaygufNyD; ajymawmh
a':oufu aq;ayghvdyfwkdav;ukd waighaighzGm&if; NyHK;wwfonf/
]]'gawmif eifodwm bm&SdOD;rSmvJ ukdaxG;&JU? igwkdY
tdrfaxmifouf tESpfESpfq,favmuf twGif;rSm 'grsdK;awGu cPcP}}
aq;vdyfrD;ckd;rsm;ukd ai;Munfh&if; a':oufonf ukefvGefcJhaom
q,fpkESpfrsm;ukd jyefajymif; pOf;pm;aeonf/
]]wpfaeYwkef;u olu bk&m;qkyefcsifw,fwJh ukdaxG;&JU? odvm;/
tJ'DaeYupNyD; igvJ bk&m;rSm aemufaemifb0awGrSm oleJY
rqHkqnf;yg&apeJYawmhvkdY usdwfNyD; qkawmif;aerdawmhwmyJ? igu
,aomf"&ma'0Dvkd yg&rDjznfhEkdifr,fholrS r[kwfwm/ OD;cufuawmf
jzpf&wmawmif pdwfyifyef;vSNyD? tukodkvfawG rsm;vSNyD}}
a':oufajymrSyif ,aomf"&ma'0Davmif;vsm crsm
b0tqufquf yg&rDrsm;ukd rnfrQBudK;pm;í jznfhqnf;cJh&&Smrnfukd
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 42
taotcsm awG;Munfhrdawmhonf/ txyfxyftHhMoNyD;
MunfndKcsD;usL;rdawmhonf/
]]wpfckawmh aocsmw,f ukdaxG;&JU}}
a':oufu aq;ayghvdyfwkd uav;ukd tdrfcg;yef;wGif zdí
Ni§drf;owf&if; cyfajcmufajcmuf &,fonf/
]]igav pdwful;xJrSm tprf;aoMunfhrdwm cPcPyJ/
olt&ifaorvm; igt&ifaorvm;awmh rodbl;aygh? 'gayrJh olYrom
eJY ighrom? olYromrSm ykdNyD; vlpnfum;rSmawmh taotcsmyJ/ olu
ighxufykdNyD; pdwfapwemaumif;w,f/ aemufNyD; ol ulnDcJhzl;wJh
vlawGuvnf; trsm;BuD;av}}
Ä
pdwful;xJrSm cPcP tprf;aoMunfhaom a':oufwpfa,muf
jAKef;ceJ wu,faooGm;awmh ukdaxG;crsm tBuD;tus,f
wkefvIyfoGm;onf/ opfom;ckwifuav;ay:wGif Zmyk0gyg;yg;
vTrf;xm;aom a':oufukd Munfh&if; aojcif;w&m;\jrefqefyHkukd
r,HkMunfEkdifatmif jzpfaeonf/
]]naexrif;yGJNyifae&if; rl;w,frl;w,fqkdNyD; vJoGm;wm
awmufavQmuf toufyg ygoGm;awmhwmygyJAsm}}
vmorQvlrsm;ukd OD;cufu rcsdwifuJajymjyaeonf/
a,musfm;wefrJh rsuf&nfawG NzdKifNzdKif us&Smonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 43
]]w&m;eJYajzyg OD;cuf&,f? 'Dvrf;ukd wpfaeY oGm;Mu&rSmcsnf;yJ
r[kwfvm;}}
OD;tHk;cifu OD;cuf\vufarmif;ukd ñ§pfukdifum tm;ay;onf/
]]a':cufBuD;u pdwf&if; odyfaumif;wm? ajymp&m&Sd&if
a[ma[m'kdif;'kdif;eJY? aemufNyD; bmukdrS trSwfxm;aewm r[kwfbl;}}
[k qufcsD;usL;onf/
OD;xGef;atmifwdkYvifr,m;uvnf; ]]OD;cufBuD;-vkdwJh tultnD
ajymaemf}} [k oHk; av; cg xyfNyD;ajymonf/ vufzuf&nfqkdif
xkdifazmfxkdifzufrsm;u yef;jcif;wpfjcif; ykdYonf/ vrf;xJrS vlrsm;u
yef;acGwpfacG ykdYonf/ OD;cuf\um;BuHKukd apmifhpD;NyD;
NrdKUxJvkdufwwfaom acgif;&if;tdrfrS a':xm;xm;u
a':ouf\vufxJodkY opfcGyef;wpfpnf; vmxnfhay;onf/
]]'DvkdusawmhvJ vlawGu rqkd;Muygbl; a':ouf&JU}}
ukdaxG;u a':oufukd cPEdI;NyD; ajymjycsifpdwfyif aygufvmonf/
rsufvHk;tpHkukd pHkrSdwfxm;NyDjzpfaom a':oufuawmh
bmukdrQvnf;rMum;? bmukdrQvnf; rjrifawmhonfrdkY
wnfNidrfat;pufvSonf/ olYtem;okdY w0D0D0Jvmaom ,ifrsm;ukd
,yfawmifwpfacsmif;ESifh ajcmufarmif;ay;aeaom ukdaxG;ukdomru
olYrsufESmay:okdY w&G&Gwufaeonfh y&GufeDrsm;ukd owdxm;NyD;
z,f&Sm;ay;aeaom OD;cufukdyg vkH;0Oayu©m jyKxm;avonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 44
]]a':oufBuD;u wpfae&m&muaeapmifhNyD; MunfhcsifMunfhaerSm?
tJ'gqkd&if vlawG pnfpnfum;um; 0ifMu xGufMu eJY qkdwm
awGYoGm;rSmyJ? auseyfoGm;rSmyJ}}
ukdaxG;u awG;aerdonf/ a':ouf\ emrfcE¨muav;onf
avxJwGif 0JvGifhum xGufroGm;ao;yJ rsufESmusufwGif
aomfvnf;aumif;? eH&HwGif aomfvnf;aumif;? olY acgif;&if;u
ESif;qDyef;tkd;uav;wGif aomfvnf;aumif; NidwG,faevdrfhOD;rnf[k
xifaeonf/ olYqDodkY a&mufvmMuolrsm;ukd wpfa,muf ESpfa,muf
ponfjzifh a&wGufaevdrfhOD;rnf [kvnf; xifaerdonf/
]]olr&SdbJ igraecsifbl; ukdaxG;&JU? 'gaMumifhrkdY aocsif;ao&if
igt&if ao&ygapvkdY cPcP qkawmif;rdw,f? 'gayrJh ighqkawmif;
rjynfhbl;}}
OD;oufu wkef,ifvdIufvIJpGm ajymonf/
]]olu ajymwwfao;w,f/ olYromrSm vlpnfum;rSm
r[kwfbl;wJh/ Munfhprf; ukdaxG;&,f? vlawGrS trsm;BuD;yguGm}}
ukdaxG;u rsuf&nfokwf&if; acgif;ndwf axmufcHonf/
a':ouf\tokbonf olxifcJhovkd r[kwfbJ pnfpnfum;um;
&Sdonf/ tokb&uf rwkdifrDu owif;vmar;ol rpJovkd
tokbwGifvnf; vkdufygykdYaqmifol rsm;avonf/
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 45
okdYaomf wpfckawmh xl;qef;onf[k ukdaxG;xifonf/
vkdufykdYolrsm;onf aoola':oufukd oem;p&maumif;onf[k
rajymMuay/ ukdaxG; wpfcsdefvHk; Mum;ae&onfu ]OD;cufBuD;
oem;ygw,f} wJh/
Ä
olwkdYuom oem;aomfvnf; OD;cufukd aorif;uawmh
oem;[efrwlay/ a':oufqHk;NyD; ig;vcefYaeawmh OD;cufqHk;onf/
&kwfw&uf &ifbwfxJwGif atmifhvmaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ ukdaxG;u
q&m0efajy;ac:ao;aomfvnf; toufrrDawmhay/ q&m0efu
OD;cuf\rsufcGHukdvSefum vufESdyf"mwfrD;ESifh xkd;MunfhNyD;
acgif;cgaomfvnf; ukdaxG;onf OD;cufaoNyD[k r,HkMunfEdkifatmif
jzpfaeonf/
]]tkd.....tdyfaewmxifyg&JU? MunfhygOD;? olYvufawG
aEG;aewmyJ[m}}
ukdaxG;u acGacGuav; tdyfae[ef&Sdaom OD;cufukd
tomvIyfEId;MunfYrdonf/ yHk;uav;qGJum ]OD;cufa&} [k ac:NyD;
a&mufvmaom OD;tHk;cifukdvnf; ]]MunfhygOD;Asm? vmprf;ygOD;?
OD;cufBuD; tdyfaewmvm; rodbl;? EdI;prf;ygOD;}} [k ua,mifuwef;
ajymaerdao;onf/
OD;tHk;cifu ]]"mwfqDav; wpf*gvefavmuf}} [k ajymvQif
cgwkdif;vkdyif vl;vJxNyD; ykdufaysmhESifh pkyfxkwfay;vdrfhOD;rnf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 46
aemufNyD;awmh ]]tif;-rouf&Sd&if pdwfqkd;OD;rSm}} [k olYukd
cyfwkd;wkd;vmajymvdrfhOD;rnf[k xifaeao;onf/
okdYaomfvnf; onfwpfcgawmh OD;tHk;cifcrsm "mwfqD&roGm;&Smay/
"mwfqDyHk;BuD;ukd ypfcsum tdrfjyifokdY cyfjrefjrefjyefxGufoGm;onf/
vrf;ay:wGif vIyf&Sm;oGm;vmaeolrsm;ukd vSrf;NyD; ]]OD;cufqHk;NyDwJh?
OD;cufqHk;NyDwJh}} [k oHywfay;xm;aom t&kyfwpfckvkd
atmfajymaeonf/
cPaeawmh vrf;xJrS vli,frsm; a&mufvmMuonf/ OD;cufukd
a&csdK;cef;xJ r oGm;um a&csdK;ay;NyD; a':ouf tavmif; jyifzl;aom
opfom;ckwifav;ay:wGifyif wifNyD; jyifMu qifMu onf/
ukdaxG;u NrdKUxJwGifaeaom OD;cuf\wl0rf;uGJ wlr0rf;uGJ
rsm;qDokdY zkef;qufum taMumif;Mum;&onf/ em&D0ufcefYaeawmh
olwkdYwpfawG a&;BuD;okwfysm a&mufvmMuonf/ ckwifay:wGif
yufvufuav; jrif&aom OD;cufab;wGif &yfum acwårQ ikdNyD;aemuf
wl0rf;uGJu armfawmfum;vkdifpifpmtkyfukd ta&;wBuD;&Smonf/
wlr0rf;uGJuawmh tdyfcef;xJ wef;0ifum ckwifatmufrS oHaowåmukd
arTavonf/
xkd wlESifhwlr rsm;u OD;cufwkdYqDukd wpfESpfaevkdY wpfacgufyif
rSefrSefa&mufMuolrsm; r[kwfawmh vrf;xJuvlawG rajymESifh?
tcef;csif;uyfaeaom ukdaxG;ESifhyif &if;&if;ESD;ESD; &Sdonfr[kwfay/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 47
olwdkYuvnf; rnfolYukdrQ ta&;rpkdufEkdifbJ [kd&Smonf&SmESifh
rsufuvJqefysm jzpfaeawmh ukdaxG; tawmfpdwfnpfoGm;onf/
xkdYaMumifh OD;cufukd ckwifay:wGif jyifqifí Zmyg;yg;ESifh
tkyfay;NyD;aomtcg udk,fhtcef;ukd,f jyefaewmyJ aumif;rvm;vkdY
pOf;pm;rdonf/ okdYaomfvnf; OD;cufBuD;ukd wpfa,mufwnf;
rxm;cJh&ufaomaMumifh ajc&if;bufrS &yfum aMuaMuuGJuGJ
Munfhaerdonf/
ukdaxG;u at;at;aewwfolrdkY t&yfxJwGif vlodrsm;vSol
r[kwfay/ owif;ar;&ef NzdK;NzdK;ajzmufajzmuf a&mufvmolrsm;onf
rnfolYukd OD;wnfNyD; pum;ajym&rnfrodbJ aMumifwufwuf
jzpfaeMuonf/ OD;tHk;cifu 0ifNyD; ajymqkd{nfhcHaomtcgrS twefi,f
tqifajy oGm;onf/ okdYaomfvnf; MumMumae&ef rpOf;pm;MuawmhbJ
0wfauswef;ausar;NyD; jyef&ef[efjyifMuonf/
OD;cuf\ &ifbwfxJwGif aumufumiifum rcHEkdifr&yfEkdif
atmifhvmonfrSm bmaMumifhygvdrfh [k awG;&rSmxuf olwkdYusefcJhaom
um;ESifh twGif;ypönf;rsm;ukd b,folu qufcH&&SdoGm;rnfenf;
qkdonfukd ykdNyD; pdwf0ifpm;aeMuonf/ yufvufuav; jyifxm;aom
OD;cufukd wpfcsufom vSrf;MunfhMuNyD; tdrfa&SUwGif &yfxm;aom
bDajcmuf&m av;bD;um;uav;ukdawmh tcgcg MunfhMuavonf/
um;uav;\ wefzkd;ukd pdwfxJrS jzwfMunfhaeMuonf/
]]oHk;&uf xm;r,fwJh}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 48
]]'Dvkdqkd tokbu oefbufcgaygh? &kH;zGifh&ufBuD; jzpfaeNyD}}
]][kwfyg&JUAsm? jyefvmykdYzkdY vG,fyghrvm;}}
]]uRefrwdkYausmif;rSmvJ tpnf;ta0;&Sdr,fxifw,f}}
]]tdrfvm owif;ar;xm;NyDyJAsm-awmfa&maygh? aemufNyD;
ukd,fholrod? olYukd,frod}}
olwkdYu tokb&Sifjzpfaom wlESifhwlrukd iJhMunfh&if; wD;wkd;
ajymMuonf/
]]OD;cuf&JUtokbukd OD;cuf&JUrsufESmeJYyJ vkdufNyD;ykdYMuygvm;Asm}} [k
ukdaxG;u &ifxJrS wD;wkd;ajymaerdonf/ okdYaomfvnf; OD;cufaoNyDrkdY
OD;cuf\rsufESmukd axmufxm;&ef rnfolurQ pOf;pm;[efrwlMuay/
ukdaxG;onf a':oufwkef;uvkdyif OD;cuf\tem; 0Jvmaom
,ifaumifrsm;ukd ,yfawmifwpfacsmif;ESifh apmifhNyD;armif;ay;onf/
]]OD;cufBuD;&JU emrfcE¨mav;[m wpfcgwnf; vGwf&muRwf&mukd
0JvGifhNyD; xGufoGm;ygap}} [k qkawmif;aerdonf/
oHk;&ufaeawmh OD;cufukd oN*ØK[favonf/ pnfpnfum;um;awmh
r[kwfvS/
OD;tHk;cifu ]]&kH;rSm tpnf;ta0;&SdvkdYAsm}} [k ajymNyD;
OD;xGef;atmifurl ]]eufjzefawmh rykdYjzpfawmhbl; ukdaxG;a&? udpöav;
enf;enf;&SdvkdY}} [k ajymonf/ Com
mercial
use o
f this b
ook w
ill be
at you
r OW
N RISK !
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 49
a':xm;xm;uvnf; ]]ausmif;rSm oif&kd;ñTef;wrf;ñd§&r,fwJh?
ykdYjzpfatmifawmh BudK;pm;NyD; jyefvmr,f}} [k rwifrus ajymoGm;onf/
okdYaomf jyefvmonfukd rawGY&ay? xkdYaMumifh OD;cuf\ tokbonf
cyfajcmufajcmufESifh NyD;pD;oGm;onf/
xHk;pHtwkdif; tokbum;ukd cyfokwfokwfarmif;?
okomefa&mufawmh um;xJrS tacgif;ukd cyfokwfokwfcs?
rD;oN*ØK[fpufxJ cyfokwfokwf xkd;xnfhum usdK;usdK;usJusJ vkdufyg
ykdYaqmifolrsm;vnf; wufokwf&kdufum jyefoGm;avonf/
OD;cufukd wpfa,mufwnf; xm;cJhum csufcsif; jyefroGm;csifao;
ojzifh ukdaxG;wpfa,mufom okomefwGif usefcJhonf/ aemufxyf
tokbwpfck csufcsif;qufí a&mufrvmao; aomaMumifh
rD;oN*ØK[fpufa&SUwGif acwåcPrQ vl&Sif;aeonf/
ukdaxG;onf ausmufeH&Ha&SUwGif EGrf;aysmhpGm &yf&if;
qdwfwpfaumif 0g;pm;aeaom yef;acGukd Munfhum rsuf&nf
&pf0Jaeonf/ xkdyef;acGuav;ukd ydkYxm;olrSm ukdaxG; jzpfonf/
OD;cuftwGuf wpfckwnf;aom yef;acGvnf; jzpfonf/ yef;acGrS
]OD;cuf touf 65ESpf} [laom pmwef;uawmh yJhyJh&GJU&GJU jzpfaeayNyD/
]]OD;cufu ulnDwwfvkdY olYrom[m pnfr,fqkd-a':ouf &JU?
ckawmh b,fvkdjzpfwmvJ}} ukdaxG;u pdwfxJrS ajymaerdonf/
]]tokb ykdYw,fqkdwm aowJhvl twGufvm;? touf&Sif
usefwJhvl twGufvm; [if....? vlawG[m 'DvkdyJvm;}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 50
wpfpHkwpfa,mufu wpfpHkwpfckaom tajzukd ay;apcsifaeonf/
tajzukdvnf; Mum;csifaeonf/ ukdaxG;onf jiif;cHkcsif? &efjzpfcsif?
jiLplcsif aeonf/ OD;cufwkdY? a':oufwkdYursm; olYem; tomuyfum
wpfckck wD;wkd;ajymavrvm;[laom tawG;&l;ESifh
em;pGifhxm;rdaomfvnf; bmoHukdrQ rMum;&acs/
]]vlawG[m 'DvkdyJvm; [if...? 'DvkdyJvm;}}
ukdaxG;u pdwfxJrS tqufrjywf a&&Gwfaerdonf/ xkdpOfwGif
ESif;qDyef;awG aiGyef;awGukd wvIyfvIyf 0g;pm;aeaom qdwfokd;BuD;u
olYukd cyfapGapG vSrf;Munfhonf/ xkdYaemuf ]]yJ......[J....[J..}} [k
rIefawawESifh atmfvkdufavonf/
Ä Ä Ä
(tPÖ0gr*¾Zif;? trSwf 2)
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 51
tbkd;BuD;ESpfa,muf&Sdavonf
(1) OD;armifarmifpdef
]]toufajcmufq,fausmfqkdwm bmBuD;ao;wm vkdufvkdY}}
OD;armifarmifpdefu ukd,fvHk;ay:rSefa&SUwGif &yfum pOf;pm;onf/
toufajcmufq,f ausmfvmaomfvnf; olu wjcm;tbkd;BuD;awGvkd
ezl;rajymif? qHyifrusJay/ *kwfydk;xGufxGuf? Akduftuftufvnf;
r[kwf[k ukd,fhukdudk,f tm;ay;onf/ i,fpOfu tm;upm;
vkdufpm;cJhaom t&SdefESifh udk,fcE¨muvnf; uspfvspfqJ? oefrmqJ[k
xifonf/ okdYaomf qHyifjzLawG acgif;wpf0ufcefY &Sdaewm
cufvSonf/ 'gudkawmh bmrQ rwwfEkdif/ bD*sifqkd;aq; ukdom
tm;xm;&avonf/
]]wD&Syftjymav;0wfNyD; pD;u&ufuav;rsm; cJxm;&if 'uf'Du
wu,fhukd rif;om;yJa[h}}
om;BuD;u ajymwwfonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 52
]]eifwkdY'uf'Dukd tvum; ajr§mufay;raeMueJYOD;aemf? e*kduwnf;u
cyfvIyfvIyf&,f? w,fNyD; Nidrfcsifwm r[kwfbl;}}
a':wifarpdefurl olYa,musfm;ukd odyfNyD; pdwfrcsay/
]]rmrDuvnf; 'uf'Du toufyJajcmufq,fausmfvkdY yifpifawmif
,laeNyD[m}}
orD;uajymawmh OD;armifarmifpdef NyHK;rdonf/ ]]a,musfm;qkdwm
a&ozef;yifvkdyJ orD;&JU? tkdavoD;avvkdY qkdpum;&Sdw,f}} [k
ajymcsifaomfvnf; raumif;wwfí yg;pyfydwfxm;vkdufonf/ awmfMum
tbGm;BuD; Mum;oGm;NyD; MuufrBuD; uawmfovkd xNyD; atmfrnf
pkd;aomaMumifh jzpfonf/ aMumufaomaMumifhawmh r[kwf/
oDcsif;xJuvkd ]]cspfvkdY....cspfvkdY}} [k vnf; r[kwfw&kwf rajymcsif/
cspfwkef;u cspfcJhaomfvnf; tckawmh awmifnmpH ra[oD?
tqDwHk;a'0DBuD;ukd pm;zkdY aeaeomom Munfh&kHESifhyif tDaeNyD
jzpfonf/ &Sif;&Sif;ajym&vQifawmh em;nnf; rcHcsifaomaMumifh
jzpfavonf/
]]rdef;rqkdwm tlwkdrsdK;uG? wpfq,fhajcmufESpforD;vnf; wkdwmyJ?
ajcmufq,fausmf tbGm;BuD;vnf; wkdwmyJ}}
wcgw&Hawmh &,farmNyD; ajymrdonf/ tlwkdvQifvnf; wkdp&m/
oluvnf; ajcNidrfNidrf raewwfcJhonfukdawmh ukd,fhukdukd,f
todom;yif/ tvkyfxJrSmwkef;uawmh tvkyfxJrSmrkdYvkdY
pm&;racsmacsmav;awGESifh qHk&BuHK&onf/ ukd,fuvnf; 0goemav;u
ygavawmh qHkawmhvnf; qHkvkdY? rqHkawmhvnf; qHkatmif BudK;pm;&if;
wpfa,mufr[kwf wpfa,mufawmh &ifckefp&mav; &Sdaewwfonf/
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 53
tckawmh toufajcmufq,f jynfhNyDrkdY OD;armifarmifpdef
tNidrf;pm;,l&NyD jzpfavonf/ yifpifpm;wkdY obm0 tpykdif;wGifawmh
raewwfrxkdifwwf jzpfcJhonf/ tvkyfpm;yGJukd vGrf;rdonf/
&ifckefp&mav;rsm;ukdvnf; wrf;wrdonf/
pD;yGm;a&;t&rl yifpifpm;NyD; 0ifaiGavsmhoGm;onfukd ylp&mrvkdacs/
om;ESpfa,mufu EkdifiHjcm;oabFmwGif ti,fwef;t&m&Sdrsm; jzpfonf/
orD;BuD;u om;BuD;xuf &mxl;wpfqifhjrifhaom
om;BuD;\oli,fcsif;ESifh arwåmrQum vufxyfoGm;onf/ tckawmh
om;OD;av;yif oHk;ESpfom; &SdaeNyD jzpfavonf/ orD;i,fuawmh
bGJY&tNyD; tdrfrSmwGifyif xkdifaeonf/ vufonf;eDqkd;vkduf?
rdwfuyfvdrf;vkduf ESifh tvSjyif&if; olYukd ydk;yef;Muolrsm;xJrS
q&m0efukd ,l&aumif;rvm;? oabFmom;ukd ,l&aumif;rvm;?
um;yGJpm;ukdyJ ,l&aumif;rvm;[k a0cGJr& jzpfaeonf/
OD;armifarmifpdef uawmh olYorD;ukd olpdwfcsonf/ ol\
tawG;tac:ukd olYom; olYorD;awG tm;vHk; tarGqufcHMuonf/
olYb0twGuf taumif;qHk;? tyltyif r&Sd? pnf;pdrfcsrf;omESifh
jynfhpHkpGm txm;EkdifqHk;olukd orD;i,fu a&G;cs,fvdrfhrnf/ om;BuD;
orD;BuD; oHk;OD;pvHk;vnf; axGvDumvDESifh &nf;pm;awG
rsm;cJhMuaomfvnf; aemufqHk;awmh olwkdYb0twGuf
taumif;qHk;tazmfukd olwkdYa&G;cJhMuonf/
om;BuD;\a,mu©ru pOfYtkd;wef;wGif aeonf/ jrefrmpum;ukd
aumif;pGm ryDaomfvnf; vkyfief; oHk; av; ck jzefYNyD; vkyfaeolrkdY
usdusdwufatmif csrf;omonf/ om;i,fuawmh q&m0efr ESifh
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 54
&onf/ NrdKUqifajczHk;wGif aq;cef;zGifhNyD; awmfawmfav;vnf;
0ifaiGaumif;onf/ om;i,f\vpmukd arQmfp&mrvkd/ udk,fh0ifaiG ESifh
ukd,f &yfwnfEkdifonf/ t>rmarG;xm;aom uav;ESpfa,muf twGuf
emeD wpfa,mufpD iSm;Edkifonf/ BuD;vmvQifvnf;
usL&Sifaumif;aumif; xm;ay;Edkifrnfu aocsmonf/ ESpfa,mufaygif;
0ifaiGrkdY ykdykdvQHvQH &Sdonf/ wkdufraqmuf&ao;aomfvnf; ajr0,fNyD;NyD
jzpfavonf/
uJ-aemufNyD;awmh orD;BuD;/ ,xmblwususESifh
pOf;pm;a0zefEdkifaom OD;aESmuf&Sdonf[k olu auseyfpGm awG;onf/
wuúokdvf wufpOfu uAsmq&ma,mifa,mif bma,mifa,mifESifh
vG,ftdwfwpfvkH; vG,fum tNrJ ajcusifavQmufaewwfaom rGJcsmcsm
aumifav;wpfaumifukd oHa,mZOf jzpfvkdufao;onf/ olYtaru
pkd;&drfaomfvnf; olu rpkd;&drfcJh/ ]]orD;rSm OD;aESmuf &Sdygw,fuGm}} [k
ajymcJhonf/ olajymovkdyif jzpfonf/ tcsdefwefawmhvnf; orD;u
xkdvlydefuav;ukd cGmxkwfcJhavonf/
olua&m bmxl;oenf;/ wuúokdvfausmif;om;b0u cspfcJhaom
vSvSwkdY jrjrwkdYukd arhypfcJhonfyif r[kwfvm;/
a':wifarpdefwkdYbufu csrf;omonf/ xbDem;wGif pdefawGyif
pD0wfEkdifonf[k ajymMuonf/ a':wifarpdef\rdcifBuD;u olYorD;ukd
pdefawGñGwfaeatmif qifay;um om;orufaumif;aumif; &SmaepOf
bDatvufrSwfav;ykdufum a,mu©raumif;aumif; &Smaeaom olESifh
awGUMuonf/ orD;ukd rjrifzl;ao;bJ a,mu©rukd jrifuwnf;u
BudKufESifhNyD jzpfaomfvnf; orD;ukdjrifawmh ykdBudKufoGm;onf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 55
wifarpdef[lonfh rdef;uav;u jzLjzLazG;azG; ao;ao;oG,foG,fESifh
cspfpzG,f MuifempzG,fuav; jzpfonf/
csrf;omaomolukd &SmMuolcsif;twlwl ol\oli,fcsif;
&pfcsufbaumif; &oGm;onfu tom;rnf;rnf; rsufESmNyJNyJESifh
tdtdzkdifhzkdifhBuD; jzpfavawmh olu tjywftowf uHaumif;onf[k
qkd&ayrnf/ &kyfacsm oabmaumif;NyD; tdrfa&m? ajra&m? a&Ta&m?
pdefa&m tJ-um;a&m ygonfY r,m;tvdr®mukd &,lEkdifcJhonf/
onfvkdESifhyif olvnf; t&m&Sdaygufp jzpf? xkdYaemuf t&m&SdBuD;
jzpf? om;orD;av;OD;\zcif jzpf? b0\oufwrf; av;q,fcefYukd
pnf;pdrf&Sd&Sd oufoufomom jzwfoef;vmcJhonf/
tckawmh tNidrf;pm; [laom t&G,fokdYyif a&mufcJhNyD/ olYrdef;r
ao;ao;oG,foG,fuav;vnf; tqDwHk; tqDcJBuD; b0okdY a&mufcJhNyD
jzpfavonf/ rjzpfía&m cHEkdifyghrvm;/ rkd;vif;u rkd;csKyf yg;pyfu
wvIyfvIyfESifh pm;vnf; pm;EkdifvSonf/ [kdif;vwf(pf) um;ESpfpD;ukd
vkdif;oGif;xm;í &aomaiGonf ol pm;onfESifhyif ukef&onf
xifonf/
]]'D qDjyef[if;BuD;ukdawmh tDvSNyDAsm}}
OD;armifarmifpdefonf ol\ra[oDBuD;ukd aphaphMunfhrdwkdif;
wkd;wkd;nnf;rdonf/
wpfaeYawmh oli,fcsif;jzpfol ukdbatmif\ arG;aeYyGJwGif
tbkd;BuD;wokduf pkrdMuonf/ aomufwwfolu aomuf?
pm;wwfolu pm;? ajymwwfolu ajymESifh w0g;0g; w[m;[m;
&Sdavonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 56
]]zwfpmtkyfxJrSm bl;oD;EkEk rcl;&vkdY bmaMumifhrsm;
a&;xm;ygvdrfhAsm? bl;oD;qkdwm EkrS pm;aumif;awmhrSmaygh
[kwfbl;vm;}}
OD;armifarmifpdefu pD;u&ufuav;ukd [efygyg zGm&if;
cyfnufnuf ajymonf/
]]OD;armifarmifpdefu bl;oD;EkEk MudKufw,f xifw,f}}
]][m-b,fhES,fajymygvdrfh? BudKufNyDvm;Asm? bl;oD;EkEk
t&nfwnfav;rsm;qkd&if tdrfu qDjyef[if;BuD;eJY vJvkdufcsifao;}}
OD;armifarmifpdefu olYt"dyÜm,fESifhol ajymum w[J[J &,fonf/
b0\wwd, t&G,fykdif;ukd a&mufaeNyD jzpfaomfvnf; oluawmh
w&m;acGem;axmifvkduf? ykwD;pdwfvkdufESifh tcsdefrukefcsif/ ]] tedpö
tNrJ r&Sd? 'ku© qif;&Jjcif; wJhAs/ ighom;? ighr,m;? ightdrf? ighypönf;
pGJvrf;jcif;awGukd y,frS edAÁmefa&mufaMumif; w&m;trSefukd
bmnmuGduG}} qkdaom aqG;aEG;oHrsm; Mum;vQifvnf; tomxNyD;
a&SmifoGm;wwfonf/
'gawG em;axmifrnfhtpm; arqGd\ ]]pdwfnpf&if *DwmwD;ygvm;
ukdukd&,f}} [laom oDcsif;ukdom xyfjyefwvJvJ em;axmifawmhrnf/
}}tif;? *Dwmav; wpfvufavmufawmh &SmOD;rS}] [k wNyHK;NyHK;ESifh
awG;awmhrnf/
]]bl;oD;EkEkav;wpfvHk;awmh awGYxm;w,f OD;armifarmifpdef a&U}}
olwkdY0kdif; vlpkuGJcgeD;awmh OD;[ef0if;u wkd;wkd;av; uyfí
ajymonf/ olawmfcsif; owif;avGYavGYrkdY olwkdYESpfOD;u aygif;rdonf/
BuHKvQifMuHKovkd owif;aumif;av;rsm; yg;avh&SdMuonf/
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 57
]]Ekw,f Ekw,feJY txJu ykyfaerS [kwfayh jzpfaeOD;r,faemf?
tpmraMuvkdY aq;uk&&if MuD;awmifhMuD;rm;BuD;As? rvG,fbl;}}
]]tr,fav;? vwfvwfqwfqwfygAsm? tawmfav; EGrf;yg;vkdY
cifAsm;wkdYvkd wwfEkdifwJhvleJUqkd jzpfEkdifr,fxifvkdY ajymwm?
uRefawmfuawmh cifAsm;odwJhtwkdif; aiGukefaMu;us w,fcHEkdifwm
r[kwfbl;}}
OD;armifarmifpdefu ol\bwf*suftajctaeukd pdwfxJrS
wGufMunfhrdonf/ [kdif;vwfESpfpD;rS 0ifaiGESifh bPfwkd;ESifh rkdY
vkdonfxufyif ydkaeonf/ ol\yifpifvpmukdyif xdp&mrvkd/ okdYaomf
xkdaiGawGu pm&if;ESifh tif;ESifh rkdY rdef;ru tptqHk; odaeonf/
]]'gawG 'gawGukd odvkdY armifarmifpdefwkdYu 'Dvkd 'Dvkd
BuHxm;wm}}
OD;armifarmifpdefu awG;&if; NyHK;onf/ &kH;rSm rmZ'g bD600 av;
&pOfu rdef;ryif rodvkduf/ olYwGif &Sdaom pkaiGESifh
vSnfhí0,fvkdufNyD; wynfhausmf tkef;vGifukd vay;ESifh
iSm;xm;vkdufonf/ tkef;vGifu um;twGuf pay:rwifEdkifay/
um;iSm;caiG wpfaxmifhESpf&mudkawmh vqef;qef;csif;
vmay;wwfonf/ onfum;av;ukd t&if;NyKNyD; vkyfpm;cGifh
&aomaMumifh &Sdckd;rwwfvnf; aus;Zl;wifaeao;onf/ oluvnf;
ukd,fykdif um;av;ukd jyKjyKjyifjyif xdef;xdef;odrf;odrf;
armif;aomaMumifh tkef;vGifukd jyefNyD; aus;Zl;wif&avonf/
]]aiGtaMumif;u ajymp&m rvkdygbl; ukd[ef0if;&,f/ usKyfu
usKyf pdwfeJUawGY&if tifrwef vufvG,fwwfwmyg}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 58
olu pD;u&ufwkdukd jymcGufxJ zdacsvkdufonf/
a[m-&ifckefoH enf;enf;jrefvmovkd &Sdavonf/
Ä
(2) OD;axG;armif
]]ig\'l;emonf aq;ukír&yg}}
i,fi,fwkef;u &GwfcJhzwfcJh&onfukd OD;axG;armif rMumcP
owd&onf/ ol 'l;awGem? tqpftjrpfawG ukdufESifh cHpm;cJh&onfrSm
MumvSayNyD/ aq;ukívnf; r&ay/ wpfckawmh &Sdonf/
[kdorm;awmfBuD;jy? 'Dorm;awmfBuD;ESifh wkdifyif? EkdifiHjcm;u
[kdaq;rSm ponfjzifh wcrf;wem; aq;ukcJh&onfawmh r[kwfay/
aiGvnf;rwwfEkdif vlvnf;rwwfEkdifaom atmufwef;pma&;BuD;ayrkdY
xif;&SL;jrpfuav; aoG;vdrf;vkduf? tifem*sufqifav; aomufvkdufESifh
ukd,fhukdukd,f &rf;rSef;NyD; aq;ukae&ol jzpfonf/ tckawmh
tifem*sufqifukdyif raomufEkdifonfrSm MumayNyD/
]]a&ausmfxJu jrefrmaq;q&m emrnfBuD;w,f taz&JU?
jyMunfh&atmif}}
orD;uawmh zcifjzpfolukd q&maumif; orm;aumif;ESifh
jyapcsif&Smonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 59
]]jrefrmq&mvnf; aiGukefwmygyJ orD;&,f? olu prf;oyfc
r,layr,fh aq;zkd;usawmh oHk; av; q,f zkd; 0,fcsif0,f&rSm?
oleJYuk&if olYaq;aomufrS jzpfrSmaygh}}
]]oHk; av;q,f avmufuawmh acRwmEkdifygw,f taz&,f}}
orD;u awG;awG;qqajymonf/ olwkdYom;trd om;tz
oHk;a,muf NcdK;NcdK;NcHNcHav; pm;NyD; uk&ef pOf;pm;aeyHk &onf/
onfYxuf NcdK;NcH&vQif xrif;0kdif;wGif ig;yd&nfyif rygawmhyJ
qm;wpfyHk tv,fwGifcsum wkdYí wkdYí pm;&kHom &Sdawmhonfukdvnf;
qufNyD; awG;rdyHk&onf/
]]oHk; av;q,feJY NyD;yghrvm; orD;&,f? 'gu yxr wpfacguf?
raysmufrcsif; qufuk&rSm/ 'kwd,acguf? wwd,acguf awGukdvnf;
wGufMunfhOD;rSaygh? aemufNyD; tazha&m*gu rcHEkdifatmif
ukdufcJaewmrS r[kwfbJ? 'DvkdyJ oGm;oGm;vmvm?
pm;pm;aomufaomuf aevkdY jzpfaeom;yJ[muG,f}}
oluajymawmh orD;u NidrfoGm;avonf/ orD; ti,fruawmh
bmrQ rajymay/ aiG0ifatmifvnf; &Smwwfao;ol r[kwfawmh
xif;&SL;jrpfawGukdom ausmufysOfjynfhatmif wtm;zdzdNyD;
aoG;ay;wwfonf/ tvkyfrSjyefvm? a&rkd;csdK;tNyD;wGif xif;&SL;qDawG
vdrf;vkduf&vQif wpfudk,fvHk; yl&Sdef;vmum aeí xkdifí
oufomvSavonf/
]]tif;-ighrvJ 'DorD;av;ESpfa,muf &SdaevkdY awmfao;w,f}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 60
OD;axG;armifu rMumcP awG;rdwwfavonf/ olYrSmu
aqGrsdK;tiftm; enf;yg;vSonf/ taru wpfa,mufwnf;
arG;ay;xm;í nDtpfukdarmifESrvnf; r&Sday/ tazuvnf; apmapm
aoqHk;oGm;onf/ tarESifhtwl toufoHk;q,fausmf txd
aecJh&onfuawmh uHaumif;vSonf [k qkd&rnf/ oluvnf; &orQ
0ifaiGav; tarhukdtyf? taruvnf; ZD;,dkav; tkef;,dkav; xkd;um
azmufonfay;ESifh at;at;csrf;csrf; aecJhMuonf/ toufxufqHk;
'Dvkdyif aeoGm;&rnf[k xifaepOf taru &kwfw&uf rl;vJum
toufygoGm;awmh ol\at;csrf;aomb0av; ysufcJh&onf/
ukd,fht0wfudk,favQmf? ukd,fhxrif;ukd,fcsuf? ukd,fhtdyf&mukd,fcif;?
tcuftcJawGYvQif tarhukd wrf;wNyD; rsuf&nfusESifh
ajcmufaoGYwdwfqdwfvSaom tcsdefrsm;ukd ysif;&dNiD;aiGYpGm
jzwfoef;ae&onf/ ukd,fhxrif;ukd,fcsuf&onfrSm tqifrajyvGef;í
xrif;qkdifwGif vay;pm;aom tcgrS olYb0wGif wpfqpfcsdK;
vrf;auGYav; ay:vmonf/
xrif;qkdif&Sifta':BuD;\ ta>ct&Hrsm;pGmxJrS wpfOD;jzpfaom
orD;wkdYtarESifh awGYMuonf/ &Sif;&Sif;ajym&vQif tonf;ESvHk;u@?
arwåmu@ u olwkdY Mum;wGif odyfNyD; rBuD;cJhay/ olu
wpfa,mufwnf; txD;usef jzpfaeaom b0ukd NiD;aiGYaeonf/
[kduvnf; ]]0ufom;? Muufom;? trJESyf? ig;jrif;? ig;aowåm?
qdwfuvDpm bmpm;rvJ tpfukd}} [k xyfcgwvJvJ atmfum
vIyf&Sm;ae&aom b0rS vGwfajrmufcsifonf/
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 61
vkd&if;ukd twkdcskKyfvkdufvQifawmh olwkdYESpfa,muf
nm;Muavownf;[k tqHk;owf&rnf jzpfavonf/ okdYaomf
nm;Muavownf;onf tqHk;r[kwfbJ tpom jzpfaMumif;
aemufawmhrS od&awmhonf/ orD;BuD;ukd arG;awmh olYtoufu
av;q,fhav;ESpf &SdayNyD/ orD;i,fukd wpfcgarG;awmh av;q,fh&SpfESpf
&SdNyD jzpfonf/ rdom;pkav;OD;\ 0efukd ol\ wef;qHk;aeaom
atmufwef;pma&;vpmav;ESifh rxdef;Ekdif/ olYrdef;ru
ig;oavmufaygvQif tkd;BuD;ESifhaygif;NyD; aps;wGifcsum
atmfa&mif;zkdYvnf; 0efrav;/ o&ufoD;ukvm;w,fawGukd
rqvmEdkifEdkifESifh arT;aeatmifvkyfNyD; ZvHkESifhxnfhum
vnfa&mif;zkdYvnf; 0efrav;olrkdYom awmfawmhavonf/
a[m-uHrsm;qkd;csifjyefawmh vGefcJhaom oHk;ESpfcefYu
ol\ZeD;onfcrsm tonf;a&mifum toufqHk;oGm;&jyefonf/
orD;ESpfa,mufukd vufqGJum avQmufvSrf;&rnfYc&D;ukd arQmfMunfh&if;
ol [D;csNyD; ikdrdonf/
]]taz&,f rikdygeJY? orD;wkdY &Sdygao;w,f}}
orD;awGukd olu tm;ray;EdkifbJ orD;awGu olYukdjyefNyD;
tm;ay;cJh&onf/
ZeD;onfqHk;pOfu tysdKaygufuav; jzpfaeaom orD;BuD;onf
tckawmh q,fh&SpfESpf NynfhoGm;ayNyD/ oluvnf; rvS olYrdef;ruvnf;
odyfrvSygyJESifh orD;ESpfa,mufusawmh olwkdYESpfOD;qDu
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 62
taumif;av;awG pk,lum tawmfav; vSaeonf/ qDOD;axmywf
rpm;&ygbJvsuf tom;ta&u pkdjynfvSonf/ ESmwHay:ay:?
rsufvHk;0kdif;0kdif;? rsufESmzl;zl;av;awGESifh cspfpzG,faumif;avonf/
okdYaomf t0wftpm;awGu EGrf;yg;? tvSjyifypönf;uvnf;
bmrQr&Sdavawmh odyfNyD;ray:vGifvSay/
NyD;cJhaomESpfu tBuD;ruav; &Spfwef;atmifonf/ bmyJajymajym
&Spfwef;av;atmifxm;&if tvkyfuav; bmav;&zkdY vG,fwmaygh[k
tm;wuf&onf/ orD;av;uvnf; [kdar; onfar; BudK;pm;&Smonf/
ol\ oli,fcsif;wpfOD; ESpfOD; tvkyf&oGm;awmh xkd&kH;rsm;odkY
oGm;vnfNyD; owif;penf;emonf/
]]tefu,fBuD;wpfa,mufeJY arcifwkdY &kH;rSm awGYcJhw,f azaz?
tefu,fBuD;u ajymw,f/ t,fvf'D wpfae&mavmufuawmh
odyfrcufygbl;wJh}}
orD;u tm;wufoa&maNymavonf/ orD;ajymaom
tefu,fBuD;ukd aus;Zl;wifNyD; arwåmtxyfxyf ykdYrdavonf/
rMumrD orD;BuD; tvkyf&avonf/ ouú&mZfNzdKxm;aomfvnf;
olu rMumrD tNidrf;pm; ,l&awmhrnf jzpfonf/ toufuvnf;
ajcmufq,frS oHk;ESpfeD;yg;yif pGef;vmNyD jzpfonf/ 'DvkdtcsdefwGif
orD;BuD; tvkyf&vmonfhtwGuf 0rf;omrqHk;atmif &SdcJh&onf/
]]pmqufusufNyD; pmar;yGJ qufajzr,f taz}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 63
orD;u tm;wif;onf/ &kH;ukd xrif;bl; rxnfYbJ olYvkdyif
tdrfrS t0pm;oGm;onf/ xrif;bl;xnfhvQif vljrifaumif;atmif
qDESifhysm;ESifh ususee xnfh&awmhrnfrkdY olwkdY rwwfEkdifay/ yHkrus
yef;rus qHyifwkdav;ukd om;a&uGif;ESifh pkpnf;? oeyfcg;
yg;uGufusm;av; vdrf;um wufx&GeftuÐs cyfEGrf;EGrf;av;
0wfoGm;NyD; &kH;oGm;wwfaom orD;ukdMunfh&if; OD;axG;armif
pdwfraumif; jzpfrdonf/ olvnf; &kH;rSm vkyfaeolrkdY &kH;awGrSm
b,fvkd 0wfMu pm;Mu jyifMu qifMuovJ odonf/ wwfEdkifolu
wwfEkdifovkd 0wfMuonf/
0wfpHkukd wpfaNy;nD owfrSwfvkdufvQif tuÐstom;csif;?
xbDtom;csif; NydKifonf/ zdeyfcsif; vufukdiftdwfcsif; qHyifyHkpHcsif;
EIwfcrf;eDcsif; a&arT;csif;? tkd-rdef;ravmurSm NydKifp&mawGuawmh
qHk;rnfrxif/ xkdxkdaom tvSawmwGif olYorD;
rsufESmi,frnfukdawmh OD;axG;armif BudKí odNyD;om;yif/
]]ighorD; cHEdkif&nfawmh t&Sdom;yJ}}
tNyHK;rysufaom orD;udk MunfYum 0rf;om&onf/ okdYaomf
MumMumawmh 0rf;romcJh&ay/ orD;EIwfrS NiD;oHav;rsm;ukd
wpfpwpfpESifh Mum;vm&onf/
]]wuwJ vlcsif;olcsif; wlatmifukd raeEkdifbl;}}
xdkpum;uawmh orD;\ vufoHk;pum; jzpfonf/ rkefYukd
wpfrwfzkd; ig;rl;zkd;yif 0,frpm;bJ jcpfjcKyfpkum rdwfuyfbl; 0,fonf?
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 64
yg;eDbl; 0,fonf/ xkdYaemuf pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf
tvSjyifwwfvmavonf/
]][,f-rru vSw,fawmh}}
ti,fru tm;yg;w& csD;usL;onf/
]]'gawmifrS tnYHpm;awGrkdYvkdY odvm; i,fi,f?
taumif;pm;ypönf;awG taumif;pm;t0wfawGeJYom jyifvkduf
qifvkduf&&if b,favmuf aumif;vkdufrvJ}}
tBuD;ru jyefajymonf/ OD;axG;armif olwkdYukd apmif;Munfh&if;
&ifxJwGif av;vHñSdK;csHK;oGm;onf/ olwkdYtarukd wrf;wNyD;
rsuf&nf&pf0Jvmonf/ orD;wkdYtarom &SdvQifawmh ]][JhaumifrawG
odyfNyD; tvSrufraeMueJY? aumif;w,f atmufarhvkdYvm;}} bmvm;
ESifh qlylaigufirf;vdrfhrnf xifonf/ oluawmh e*kduwnf;u
pdwf"mwfaysmhnHholrkdY udk,fhom;orD; t&if;ukdyif pum;rmrmajym&ef
tiftm;&Sdol r[kwfay/
wpfaeYusawmh orD;BuD;u aq;ykvif;awG ,lvmonf/
]]'gu bDApf taMumtm;aumif;w,fwJh? 'gu bm;yvuf
tm;aq;aygh taz&,f? 'guawmh pDApf tcsOf"mwfaygh? vlBuD;eJY
wnfhw,fwJh}}
]]b,fu,lvmwmvJ orD;&,f}}
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 65
]]tefu,fBuD; OD;[ef0if;&JU rdwfaqGwJh taz&JU/ tefu,fBuD;
wpfa,mufu ay;vkdufwm}}
]]olu bmwJhwHk;}}
]]bmrSef;awmh rodygbl; taz&,f? csrf;awmhcsrf;omwmyJ?
orD;ukdvnf; oem;vkdYwJh}}
OD;axG;armif &ifxJwGif 'dwfceJ jzpfoGm;onf/ zkdvIdufNyD;
armoGm;onf/ axmifuJBuD; ajymovkd }}eifwem;wm emodygw,faemf}}
[k ajymvkdufcsifonf/ okdYaomf orD;\vkyfpmukd a0rQum
pm;&awmhrnfY b0wGif olYyg;pyfu bmrQ ajymí rxGufcJhay/
vmrnfhab;ukd jrifae&aomfvnf; wm;qD;Ekdifaomtiftm; r&SdcJhay/
]]nDrav;a& 'DrSm Munfhprf;}}
wpfnaewGifawmh txkyftykd;awG wpfayGUwpfykdufESifh
jyefvmjyefonf/ ta&miftaoG;pHkaom tuÐsp? xbDp rsm;ukd nDtpfr
ESpfa,muf jzefYMunfhvkdufMu? uyfMunfhvkdufMuESifh wcpfcpf
tljrL;aeMuonf/
]]tefu,fBuD;u ay;vkdufwmyJvm; [if}}
OD;axG;armifu ajcmufuyfaomtoHESifh ar;onf/
]][kwfw,f taz}}
orD;u &kd;om;pGmyif ajzonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 66
]]orD;u vS&JUom;eJY t0wftpm; odyfr0wfEkdifwmukd oem;vkdYwJh}}
]]orD;ukd tvum; ay;wmyJvm;}}
]]tkd-tvum;aygh taz&JU? tefu,fBuD;u
odyfoabmaumif;wmyJ? aemifvJ 0,fay;OD;r,fwJh}}
pifay:rSm wifxm;aom aq;ykvif;awGukd aygufcGJypfvkdufzkdY?
tuÐsp? xbDp awGukd eif;acsum qGJqkwfypfvkdufzkdY
aumif;aomfvnf; OD;axG;armif ae&mrS rvIyfrday/
&ifxJwGif qkdYNyD; usyfaeonf/ ESvHk;om;u qlnHMurf;wrf;pGm
vIyfcgaeonf/
ol\&ifckefoH wpfcgwnf;&yfNyD; toufyg aysmufoGm;vQif
aumif;rnf[k jyif;jyif;xefxef awmifhwrdavonf/
Ä Ä Ä
(py,fjzL? 1987? Zefe0g&D)
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 67
tbGm;BuD;ESpfa,muf&Sdavonf
(1) a':wifat;,Of
olYtrnfukd ]]a':wifat;&if}} [k a&;vQif tefwD,Of u
rBudKufacs/ ,yufvufukd nuav;owfaom }},Of}} udkrS olu
oabmusonf/ ,Ofaus;odrfarGYonfh t"dyÜm,f[k owfrSwfonf/
ajr;jzpfol yxrwef;ausmif;om; ]]atmifatmif}} url ]]uRefawmf\
tbGm;onf ]a':wifat;,if} jzpfygonf[k a&;vmzl;onf/
tefwD,Of\a,musfm; tNidrf;pm;twGif;0efrif; OD;wifarmifurl
]],Of,Of}} [k ac:onf/ olYxuf q,fESpfausmfausmf i,faom
ZeD;av;ukd awmfawmfav; cspfNyD; awmfawmfvnf; tvkdvkdufcJhyHk
&onf/ tckawmh wpfOD;u toufckepfq,fausmf wpfOD;u
ajcmufq,fausmf jzpfonf/ ckxufxd ]]ukdukda&? ,Of,Ofa&}} ESifh
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 68
MuifemaeMuqJqkdawmh om;orD;awGu wpfcgwpf&H usdwfNyD;
NyHK;Muonf/
orD;BuD;u ajr;tBuD;qHk; zkd;ausmfukd arG;awmh tefwD,Of
av;q,fhoHk;ESpfom &Sdao;onf/ qHyifukd tarmufaxmifum
jyifopfqHxHk; xHk;qJ/ tuÐsESifh EIwfcrf;eDukd ta&miftaoG;
wnDwnf;jzpfatmif qkd;qJ/ tif'kdeD;&Sm;ygwdwfukd orD;awGESifh
qifwl0wfqJumvqkdawmh ]]tbGm;}} tac:cH&rnfukd twefi,f
pdwfnpfcJhonf/
zkd;ausmfuvnf; olYtbkd; twk,lum tbGm;ukd tbGm;[k
rac:bJ ]],Of,Of}} [k vkdufac:awmh tefwD,Of
tBudKufusoGm;onf/ ]][Jh-bm,Of,OfvJ bGm;bGm;vkdYac:}} [k
orufu oifawmh ]]ac:ygapuG,f? qlraeprf;ygeJY? uav;udk
tvum; pdwfnpfatmif}} [k umqD; ajymcJh&ao;onf/
tckawmhvnf; ajr;tm;vHk;u ]],Of,Of}} [kom ac:Muawmhonf/
]]rif;wkdYtbGm; ],Of,Of} u odyfawmfwm? tbkd;u bmrS
rodbl;uG? &SmvkdY&&if olYvufxJ tyfvkdufwmyJ? 'DtdrfawG
ajrawG0,fwm olYtpDtrHawGcsnf;yJ}}
OD;wifarmifu csD;rGrf;wwfonf/ csD;rGrf;avmufatmifvnf;
tefwD,Ofu tajrmftjrifBuD;onf[k qkd&rnf/ OD;wifarmif ESifhtwl
e,fwum vSnfhNyD; ajymif;ae&pOfu aiGykdvQif ykdovkd? a&T'*Fg;
wpfjym;NyD;wpfjym; 0,fNyD; pkcJhavonf/ rif;uawmf tcsif;csif;yif
]]a':a&Tpk}} [lí trnfajymif ay;cJhMuonf[k qkdonf/
&efukefa&mufawmh ae&maumif;aumif;wGif
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 69
ajruGufus,fus,fwpfuGufukd tajy;tvTm; &Smonf/
tif;vsm;vrf;xJrSajrukd aps;rqpfbJ0,fonf/ ]]ukdukda&-'Dae&mawGu
odyfoefYwm? aemifus&if aps;aumif;rSm}} [k ajymcJhaom pum;ukd
OD;wifarmif ,ckxd Mum;a,mifao;onf/
vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif;oHk;q,fcefYu qkdawmh tdrfaps;ajraps;u
rMuD;ao;? tdrfaqmufypönf;uvnf; aygonf/ xkdYaMumifh
NcHus,f0if;us,f? xkxnfBuD;BuD;? rsufESmusuf jrifhjrifhESifh
tdrfwpfvHk;ukd ykdifcJhonf/ tefwD,Of pkxm;aom a&T'*Fg;rsm;um;
tawmfav; avsmhoGm;onf[k qkdonf/
tdrfwpfvHk; ykdifNyD;aomfvnf; tefwD,Ofu at;at;raeay/
[kdpyfpyf onfpyfpyfESifh pHkprf;um ]]ukdukda&-
wuúokdvf&dyfomvrf;em;rSm ajrav;wpfuGuf awGYxm;w,f/
,Of,Ofvkdcsifvkdufwm}} [lí vnf;aumif;? ]]'Dpdefem;uyfu cJom;
ukdukd&JU? odyfwefwmyJ? ,lvkdufr,faemf}} [lí vnf;aumif; rMumcP
ajymwwfonf/ OD;wifarmifu aq;wHBuD;cJ&if; ]],Of,Ofvkdcsif
,lvkdufav}} [k ajymvkduf&kHom jzpfonf/ usefwmawGukd
tefwD,Ofu MunfhNyD; pDpOfaqmif&GufoGm;avonf/
]]ukdukda&-'Dem;uyfuawmh jrwfaeNyDuG,f? xkwfvkdufawmhr,faemf}}
[k qkdvmawmha&m olu bmvkyf&rnfenf;/ aq;wHxJrS jymrsm;ukd
wa'gufa'gufacgufcs&if; ]],Of,OfYoabmyJav}} [k
ajymvkduf&kHomjzpfonf/ 'DvkdESifhyif ajrwpfuGufrS ESpfuGuf? oHk;uGuf/
tdrfwpfvHk;rS ESpfvHk;? oHk;vHk; ydkifvmcJhonf/ tdrfaps;awG? ajraps;awG
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 70
wufvmawmh tefwD,Ofonf xkdifaevsufu wpfodef;NyD;wpfodef;
wkd;um csrf;omonfxuf csrf;omvmawmhonf/
]]cufwmu om;awG orD;awGyJ ukdukda&U? tar taz
&Smxm;orQ tNrdKifhom; xkdifpm;zkdYyJ wwfw,f/ olwkdY[m olwkdY
tuGufjrifjrifeJY rBuHwwf? r&SmwwfMubl;}}
tefwD,Ofu tm;rvkdtm;r& ajymwwfonf/ tefwD,Of
tm;r&vnf; r&p&myif/ om;ESpfa,muf? orD;ESpfa,muf arG;xm;&m
ti,fqHk;rav; rSwyg; usefoHk;OD;u olwdkY tazeJY tawmfwlonf/
taumif;BudKufwwfaomfvnf; taumif;&atmif yifyifyef;yef;
BudK;pm;&rnfqkdvQifawmh tyifyef;rcHawmh/ &wwforQ
raumif;waumif;ESifh auseyfwwfonfh vlpm;rsdK;rsm; jzpfavonf/
ti,frwpfa,mufuawmh tefwD,Ofvkdyif a&mif;[,f 0,f[,f
wGuf[,f csuf[,f ESifh zswfzswfvwfvwf &Sdonf/
]]ajr0,f tdrfaqmufNyD; jyefa&mif;wm odyfukdufw,f rmrD}} [k
ajymonf/ okdYaomfvnf; vkyfief;oabmt& ay;&urf;&awmhrnf
qkdvQifawmh wDukd qm;ESifhwkdYovkd wGefYoGm;wwfonf/ xkdYjyif
tefwD,Ofvkd rsufESmvnf;rcsdK? tajymvnf; rcsdKacs/ ]]axmifjrif&if
&mpGefY&w,f orD;&JU? aemufNyD; rD;jyiform;? a&ykdufquform; u
pNyD; [kd; tay:qHk;txd ykdifatmifaygif;? olYae&meJYol
toHk;uswmcsnf;yJ? ay;wefwmukday;? auR;wefwmukdauR;}} [k
tefwD,Ofu oifwef;ay;onf/ okdYaomf orD;u axmif*Pef;ukdvnf;
vkdcsif? &m*Pef;ukdvnf; rpGefYEkdifESifh tukefvHk;tdwfxJ
xnfhcsifaeawmh vkyfief;u racsmarGYvSay/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 71
orD;BuD;u AkdvfrSL;uawmf jzpfonf/ aygaygrsm;rsm;
r&Sdaomfvnf; oifhwifhatmif aeEkdifonf/ om;i,fuawmh bGJY&tNyD;
EkdifiHjcm;oabFm vkdufckdif;wkef;u acgif;ukd wGifwGif,rf;cJhonf/ ]]rda0;
za0;? wkdif;a0; jynfa0; raecsifygbl;Asm? ukd,fhrSm 'Davmufqif;&JcHNyD;
pD;yGm;&Smp&m rvkdygbl;}} [k ajymonf/
tpkd;& tvkyfvnf; rvkyfcsifojzifh aq;0g;ypönf;rsdK;pHkukd
ta&mif;t0,f vkyfonf/ olY oli,fcsif; taygif;toif;
awmfawmfrsm;rsm; u q&m0efawGqkdawmh tawmfav; wGufajcukduf
onf[k qkd&rnf/ okdYaomf tefwD,Of rauseyf/ 'Dtaumif
oabFmom vkdufoGm;vQif tckae wkdufaqmufEkdifavmufayNyD/ ckawmh
ig;oHk;vHk; cJ? y*¾D&Syf 0wfNyD; plyguyf pD;&wmavmufESifh NyD;aeonf/
wkdufaqmufzkdY c&D;um; tawmfBuD; a0;ao;avonf/ tdrfaxmif
r&Sdao;awmhvnf; aiGukd pk&aumif;rSef;? ruf&aumif;rSef; rodao;acs/
]]tcufwumhtcufqHk;uawmh tBuD;aumifBuD;yJ}}
tefwD,Of tm;r&qHk;uawmh om;tBuD; jzpfonf/ t wD; t
w ESifh pD;yGm;a&; tjrifvnf; vHk;0r&Sdacs/ tjyif0ifaiGr&Sdaom
XmewGif vufaxmufñTefrSL;vkyfNyD; auseyfaeaom taumifjzpfonf/
okdYaomfvnf; vluom r[efonf/ uHuav;uawmh
taumif;om;yif/ *syefjynfukd ukd;vrQ Mumatmif avhvma&;oGm;&ef
ta&G;cs,f cH&onf/
]]EkdifiHjcm;aiGqkdwm tzkd;wefw,faemf? wGufwGufcsufcsuf vkyf}}
tefwD,Ofu wzGzG rSmonf/ acR;rukdvnf; ]][Jh-ypfuyfu
taumufcGef oHk;q,f&mESKef;yJ ay;&wm/ rSefum;u oHk;&m &mESKef;?
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 72
q,fquGmw,faemf/ eifha,musfm;ukd taotcsm pma&;ajymOD;}} [k
rSm&ao;onf/ okdYaomf acR;ru ]]ukdukdu vifqm 0,frSmwJh? rmrD&JU}}
[k NyHK;pdpdESifh ajymavonf/
]]'grsdK;um;qkdwm 'DrSm 0,fpD;Ekdifwm r[kwfbl;? ukd,foGm;wkef;rS
0,fvmEkdifwm/ tar&duefa':vm av;axmifhajcmuf&mqkdwm
jrefrmaiGeJUqkd oHk;aomif;cGJavmuf &Sdwm r[kwfvm;/
um;aumif;aumif;av; pD;&atmif? rmrDhukd bk&m;ykdY&atmifav}} [k
om;BuD;u pma&;NyD; qifajcuefum 0,fcsvmonfu ]]vifqm}} wJh/
ywfAvpfumwkdY? [kdif;vwfwkdYu a':vmESpfaxmifausmfavmufom
ay;&onf/ tcGefusawmh ajcmufaxmifavmufyJ aqmif&onf/
wpfywf&pfyif jzpfaomfvnf; aygufaps;u ESpfodef;ajcmufaomif;?
ESpfodef;&Spfaomif;avmuf &Sdonf/
]]eifhvifqmBuD;u [kdif;vwfum;ESpfpD;pm ay;&w,f? tcGefusawmh
wpfodef;avmufaqmif&ao;/ uJ-tJ'gBuD;ukd pD;aevkdYa&m
bmvkyfrSmvJ/ tJ'gukda&mif;? wkdufuav; bmav; aqmuf?
oH&kH;ukdiSm;/ tJ'DvkdvkyfrS wGufajcukdufawmhrSmaygh om;&,f}}
tefwD,Ofuajymawmh om;a&m acR;ryg ikdifaeMuonf/ tJ-
aemufaeYusawmh om;BuD;u wNyHK;NyHK;ESifh vmajymonf/ ygrpfukd
oHk;odef;ESifh 0,faeonf wJh? taumufcGef wpfodef;ausmfukdvnf;
ay;p&mrvkd? t&if; oHk;aomif;cGJukd oHk;odef;cGJ &rnfqkdawmh
q,fqjrwfaeNyDrkdY olYwGufudef;ESifhol tawmfauseyfaeonf/
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 73
]]'DrSm om;-um;u aemufwpfvausmfrS a&mufvmrSm?
bmhaMumifhavmae&wmvJ? um;aps;awGu wufOD;rSm om;&JU?
ypönf;a&mufrS ypönf;ukd ukdifa&mif;? ravmprf;ygeJY? rmrDhpum;
em;axmifprf;yg}}
tefwD,Ofu ajymawmh om;BuD;u odyfNyD; rMunfvif/
]]rmrDvkyfwmeJYyJ aps;awGjyefusoGm;awmh cufr,f/ 'Davmufawmif
r&awmh&if 'ku©}} [k wnnf;nnf; wnLnL vkyfaeao;onf/
a[m- tckawmh um;a&mufvmNyD/ naewkef;u om;BuD;a&m
acR;ryg 0rf;omtm;& a&mufvmMuonf/
]]rmrDa&-ckepfodef;ay;aeNyD}} wJh/ uJ-vGefcJhaom wpfvu
av;odef;cGJqkdaom um;onf tck ckepfodef; jzpfaeNyD? ae&if;xkdif&if;
ESpfodef;cGJ xyf&jcif; jzpfonf/ olwdkYajymovkd ygrpfukd
oHk;odef;cGJESifhom a&mif;rdvQif-]]tHrmav;av-awG;rd&kHeJYawmif
pdwfqif;&Jvkdufwm/ tJ'Dvkdomqkd&if igawmh ESvHk;a&m*g x?
aoG;wkd;vnf; wufrSmyJ}}
tefwD,Of &ifbwfukd zdxm;rdonf/ aps;awG wufvdrfhrnf[k
arQmfrSef;rdaomfvnf; 'Davmufawmif ckefaygufNyD; wufvdrfhrnf[k
rxifrSwfcJhrdacs/
]]rmrDuvnf; odef; av; ig; ajcmufq,f csrf;omae&ufom;eJY
ESpfodef;cGJavmufema&m bmjzpfao;vJ}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 74
om;i,fu aq;vdyfzGm&if; cyfayghaygh 0ifajymawmh tefwD,Of
pdwfqkd;onf/ om;awGorD;awG tukefvHk;ukd odrf;NyD; qlonf/
]]ESpfodef;cGJ rajymeJY igu ESpfusyfcGJukdawmif temrcHcJhvkdY eifwkdY
'Dvkdcsrf;omaewm[Jh od&JUvm;? [if-ESpfodef;cGJqkdwm enf;wJhaiGvm;}}
tefwD,Of pdwfqkd;awmhvnf; om;awGorD;awG NidrfoGm;Muonf/
]]tif;-ESpfodef;cGJ qkdwm b,fenf;yghrvJ? aqmufwwf&if
tdrfwpfvHk; jzpfw,f}}
orD;i,fu awG;onf/
]]a&Taygif,lNyD; wpf&mukd ESpfusyfwkd;eJY acs;&ifawmif wpfvukd
ig;axmif? [,f rqkd;bl;[Jh}}
orD;BuD;u awG;onf/
]]pdefem;uyfBuD;BuD;awmh yef&acsao;&JU}}
acR;ru awG;avonf/
Ä
(2) a':at;usif
tarusifu pmrwwfacs/ &Gmukd ]]t}} oHk;vHk;rsm; vmpOfuvnf;
ayumuyfumESifh aMu;rsm;aeaomaMumifh jzpfjzpfajrmufajrmuf
rwwfvkdufay/ vufrSwfxkd;&rnfhudpö ay:aygufaom tcgrsm;rSmyif
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 75
vufryHkpH ESdyf&aomol jzpfavawmh olYtrnfukd a':at;usifvkdY
a&;a&;? a':{MuifvkdY a&;a&; olu bmrQ rodacs/ bmrQvnf;
jyóem r&Sdacs/ v,fvkyfvkduf? xif;acGvkduf? aumufpkdufvkdufESifh
olY[mESifholawmh tom;usaeom;yif/ okdYaomfvnf; uHqkd;csifawmh
ukdzkd;armif wpfa,muf nbufwGif zm;vkduf&kduf&if; ykd;xdvmonf/
vSnf;u r&Sd? EGm;u r&Sd? aq;&kHu a0;ESifhrkdY aq;&kHtoGm; vrf;wGif
apmifykcufxJüyif toufukefoGm;onf/
ukdzkd;armif qHk;awmh tBuD;aumifu wpfq,fhig;ESpf? tBuD;ru
q,fhoHk;ESpf? ti,fru q,fESpf &SdNyD jzpfonf/ tarusifu
aumufpkduf&if;? zm;&kduf&if; awmrSmyif qufaecsif aomfvnf;
rjzpfawmh/
om;orD;rsm;u tjcm;tjcm;aom rdom;pkrsm;vkd NrdKUwufNyD;
pD;yGm;&SmcsifMuonf/ bmyJjzpfjzpf &GmrSmxufawmh ykdvQHrnf xifMuí
tarhukd ylqmMuonf/
onftcg om;orD;awG qE´ukd vkdufavsmNyD; aemufqHk;
NrdKUwuf&ef pdwfykdif;jzwfum &GmrS xGufvmcJhonfrSm
&efukefa&TNrdKUawmfBuD;ukd 'kwf'kwfxd a&mufonfYtcg jzpfonf/
&efukefwGif a&mufESifhaeaom ukdpHa&TwkdYvrf;jyrIESifh ygvmaom
em;uyfuav;ukd a&mif;um wJwpfvHk;xkd;onf/ 'DvkdESifhyif
usL;ausmfajr usL;ausmf&yfuGufü rdom;pkwpfpk wkd;vmavonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 76
&efukefa&mufpuawmh om;trdwpfawG wufnDvufnDESifh
BudK;pm;yrf;pm; vkyfMuonf/ tarusifu tkwfo,f? ajrzkdY?
tvkyfMurf;0ifvkyf? om;BuD;u qkdufum;eif;? orD;BuD;u
yJjyKwfa&mif;? orD;i,fu z&JoD;pdwfa&mif;ESifh NrdKifjrdKifqkdifqkdif
&Sdavonf/
tckawmh tarusif toufBuD;ayNyD? toufajcmufq,f
ausmfvmNyDqkdawmh tvsifwkef;uvkd yifyifyef;yef; rvkyfEkdifawmh?
om;awG orD;awG Munfhawmhvnf; 'DtarBuD;ukd tvum;
auR;xm;EkdifrnfYol wpfa,mufrQ r&Sdacs/
om;BuD;u aps;xJrS yJyifaygufonfvSwifESifh
tdrfaxmifusoGm;onf/ uav;wpfa,muf&vmawmh yifyef;onf[k
taMumif;jyum taomuftpm; zufvmonf/ rdef;rukd &kduf[,f
ESuf[,f vkyfwwfvmavonf/ rdef;rcrsm 'l;ESifh rsuf&nf
okwfae&onf/ tarusifu om;BuD;ukd ac:NyD; ]]rif;rvJ olrsm;
om;orD; ,lxm;NyD; rESdyfpufygeJYuG,f}} [k ajymawmh om;BuD;u
ai;aeonf/ ]]pdwfnpfw,f tar&? uRefawmfvJ yifyifyef;yef;
vkyfwmyJ? olvJ yifyifyef;yef; &SmwmyJ? 'gayrJh 'Db0uukd
rwufEkdifbl;/ 'DaeYrvkyfEkdif&if eufjzefiwfrJhb0}} [k ajymonf/
'Dawmh tarusifvnf; ]]rqDrqkdif rajymygeJYuG,f? rif;
t&ufzkd;usawmh b,fu xGufvmovJ? tJ'D t&ufzkd;ukd pkygvm;}}
[k ajym&onf/ om;BuD;u acgif;ukd wAsif;Asif; ukwfum ]]taru
uRefawmf t&ufaomufwmom ajymwm? tJ'D ykdufqHu uRefawmf
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 77
t&uf raomufvJ BuHzefNyD; ukefoGm;rSmyJ}} [k ajymavonf/
tarusif oufNyif;cs&Hkom &Sdawmhonf/
orD;tBuD;ruawmh a,mifajcmufq,ftkef;BudKifESifh &onf/
tkef;BudKifqkdonfY taumifu aygif;wefolukd aygif;? ay;wefolukd
ay;? r[kwfwma&m [kwfwma&m vkyf&Jol qkdawmh tapmykdif;u
tawmfav; acsmifvnfyHk &onf/ orD;\vnfyif;wGif a&TqGJBudK;
vufvufuav;ukdyif jrifvkduf&onf/ uav;ESpfa,muf &NyD;awmh
tkef;BudKif aAGazmufvmonf/ qwfaumh vwfaumh aumifrav;
wpfa,mufESifh wwGJwGJ jzpfvmonf/ emrnfysufenf;enf; &Sdaom
wpfckvyfr rdoef;MunfESifhvnf; &kwf&kwf&uf&uf jzpfvmonf/
wpfaeYawmh tkef;BudKif t&ufykef;rIESifh tzrf;cH&onf/
orD;BuD;crsm wikdikd w&,f&,fESifh [kdajy; 'Dajy; ajy;&&Smonf/
olYukd,fay:rS ajymifajymifvufvufuav;rsm;vnf; ukefoGm;onf/
okdYESifhyif tkef;BudKif jyefvGwfvmonf/ 0rf;omtm;& BudKaeaom
orD;qD jyefvmonf/ okdYaomf olwpfOD;wnf;awmh r[kwfay/
wpfckvyfr rdoef;Munf ukdyg vufqGJac:vmcJhjcif; jzpfonf/
orD;BuD;u tkef;BudKifukd qD;NyD;qJonf/ rdoef;MunfESifh
axmif;varmif;aMuatmif owfMuykwfMuonf/ om;awG orD;awGu
ikdMuonf/ aemufwpfaeYusawmh orD; tBuD;ronff
om;orD;ESpfa,mufukd vufqGJNyD; tarusifhqD jyefa&mufvmavonf/
ti,fruvnf; tdrfaxmifjyKcsifaeNyD jzpfonf/ okdYaomfvnf;
tpfukdESifhtpfr wdkY\ tdrfaxmifa&;ukd MunfYNyD; vefYae[ef&Sdonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 78
olu qvu wGif aeYpm; tvkyfor jzpfonf/ tkwf&Guf? oJ&Guf?
rqvm&GufESifh yifyef;&Smonf/ olBudKufaom aumifav;uvnf;
olYvkdyif aeYpm;qkdawmh olwkdYcspfc&D;onf a&SUrwkd;ombJ
vrf;wpf0ufwGif tDNyD; tkdifaeonf/ rtDí rtkdifí rjzpf/
olwkdY0ifaiGu wpfaeY ajcmufusyfcGJxuf rykdacs/
'Dawmhvnf; tarusifcrsm tvkyfrvkyfbJ xrif;pm;&ef
rjzpfEkdifawmhay/ 'l;qpfawGu txkdiftxwGif rcHEkdifatmif
emvGef;awmh oufoufomom xkdif&if; vkyf&aom tvkyfukd
a&G;&onf/ aps;toGm; vlpHk&m vrf;csdK;uav;wGif rD;zkduav;csNyD;
tqmyvmawG ZvHkawG cGufawGukd tem;rSm pDcsum acgufrkefY
vkyfa&mif;onf/ rD;&Sdef[yfojzifh ylvSaomfvnf;
tkwfo,f&onfxufawmh oufomavonf/ rkefYESpfaumif;aumif;?
xef;vsuf&nfaumif;aumif;? tkef;oD;rIefYav;yg rsm;rsm;xnfhawmh
tarusif acgufrkefY aumif;onf[k emrnfxGufaomfvnf; tjrwfu
odyfrusefacs/ okdYaomfvnf; om;trdESpfa,mufaygif; wpfaeY
wpfq,fhig;usyfavmuf 0ifaiGESifh pm;íawmh jzpfaeom;yif/
tckawmh tBuD;ru uav;ESpfaumif qGJNyD; a&mufvmayNyDrkdY
yg;pyfoHk;ayguf wkd;vmNyD jzpfonf/ 0ifaiGwkd;atmif b,fvkd
BuH&rnfenf;/
'def;'vdef;ewfyl;aeaom tBuD;ru acgufrkefYav; wpfckukdyif
uRrf;vkduRrf;? wl;vkdwl;ESifh tjzpf&Sdatmif rvkyfwwf/ ti,frESifh
vkdufNyD; tkwfo,fjyefawmhvnf; ukd,fawG ZufawG emvmum
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 79
aemufwpfaeYusawmh rvIyfEkdifawmhay/ bl;oD;aMumf
a&mif;jyefawmhvnf; qDyltkd;xJ bl;oD; txnfYwGif olYa,musfm;
tkef;BudKifukd r,m;i,fESifhtwl vSrf;jrifvkduf&í pdwfawG
a,muf,ufcwfoGm;onf/ ukdifxm;aom bl;oD;ukd qDyltkd;xJ
vTwfrcsbJ olYvufukdyga&mNyD; qDylxJESpfcsvkdufrdonf/
qDylusufusuf avmifum a,mif,rf; azmif;um;aeaom vufukd
renf;BuD; aq;ukae&onf/
]]'Dvifw&l;rukdawmh bmrSckdif;vkdY&rSm r[kwfawmhygbl;/ ckdif;orQ
aemufuae aq;vkdufukae&&ifawmh usKyfwkdYwpfawG xrif;&nfawmif
aomufEkdifrSm r[kwfbl;? ajrmif;ykyfa& cyfaomufNyD;
AkdufarSmufae&vdrfhr,f}}
tarusifu tonf;a&mESvHk;a&m [ufwufuGJaeaom orD;ukd
roem;Ekdifacs/ oDcsif;ukd [efusyefusrsm; qkdwwfvQif
vufzuf&nfqkdifwGif Mum;ae&aomoDcsif;vkd ]]tonf;ESvHk; qkdwm
tpmtdrf wpfckavmuf ta&;rBuD;wm trSefyJ}} [k
[pfvkdufcsifao;onf/ okdYaomf ajr;uav;ESpfaumifukdawmh
wu,foem;rdonf/ ukd,fauR;rS pm;&NyD; ukd,fqifrS 0wf&awmhrnfh
uav;rsm;ukd rypfy,fEdkif/ ukd,fu avQmhpm;NyD; auR;&onf/
]]ig;a&mif;&&if aumif;rvm; rodygbl;at}}
tarusif BuHrdBuH&m BuHonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 80
touf&SifNyD; &yfwnfEkdif&ef xrif;00 pm;EkdifzkdY vkdonf/
00pm;EkdifzkdY 0ifaiGwkd;zkdYvnf; vkdavonf/
]]taruvJ ukd,fuRrf;usifwmvJ r[kwfbJeJY? aemufNyD; tukokdvf
tvkyfBuD;}}
orD;i,fu wm;onf/
ajymrnfYomajym&aomfvnf; tarusifukd,fwkdif vkyf&rSm
cyfaMumufaMumufyif/ ukokdvfawG? tukokdvfawG ab;z,fxm;OD;/
ukd,fruRrf;usifonfukd oGm;vkyfNyD; t&if;jyKwfvQif bmrQrvkyfwwf?
aeYjyefwkd; ta<u;oHo&mwGif pkef;pkef;jrKyfNyD; [D;csikd&rnfhudef;
jzpfonf/ ukd,fu tkwfo,fwwf? acgufrkefY vkyfwwf&kHom&Sdonf/
orD;BuD;u
]]uRefrvufu temusuf&if t0wfiSm;avQmfyghr,f tar&JU}} [k
ajymazmfawmh &vmNyD jzpfonf/
]]at;-BuHprf;pnfprf;ygOD; at&,f? nnf;om;vnf; ausmif;rxm;
&ao;bl; r[kwfvm;}}
ajr;tBuD;u ig;ESpfNynfhoGm;NyD jzpfaomfvnf; ausmif;rxm;
&ao;onfukd tarusif pdwfraumif;/ okdYaomf wpfaeYwpfaeY
vlig;a,mufpm;zkdYyif tEkdifEkdif &kef;uefae&awmh pmtkyfzkd;?
cJwHzkd;awGukd acgif;xJ rxnfYEkdifacs/ tazqkdonfh taumifuvnf;
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 81
uav;awGukd vSnfhapmif;íyif rMunfhonfuawmh
pdwfemp&maumif;vSonf/
]]ig wpfaeY q,fjym; q,fhig;jym; pkoGm;r,f/ wpfv oHk;usyf?
wpfESpfukd oHk;q,fhajcmufusyf/ 'gqkd&if oli,fwef;
pmtkyfzkd;avmufawmh &aumif;yg&JU}}
tarusifu awG;onf/ zsmatmufukd q,fjym;aphwpfaph
aeYwkdif;xnfhonf/ 'gawmifrS rSefrSefxnfhEkdifonf r[kwf/ qefzkd;u
rjynfhvkduf qDzkd;u rNynfhvkdufESifhrkdY wpfrwfp ig;rl;p jyefjyefNyD;
,l&avonf/ xnfhonfhaeYwGif xnfhvkduf? ,lonfhaeYwGif ,lvkdufESifh
a&SUwkd;aemufqkwf csDwufvm&\/ raeYwkef;uawmh rSwfrSwf&&
a&wGufMunfhrdonf/ q,fjym;aph ESpfq,fhav;aph &Sdonf/ aemufxyf
q,fjym;xnfhvkdufonf/ pkpkaygif; ESpfusyfcGJ/
]]b,fqkd;vkdYvJ[Jh? ighrSm aiGykdaiGvQH ESpfusyfcGJawmif &SdaeNyDyJ}}
tarusifu cyfNyHK;NyHK; awG;onf/ tdyfrufxJwGif bkd;bkd;atmifukd
vdkuf&Smaerdao;onf/ zsmatmufu aiGta<u ESpfusyfcGJukd tqawG
wkd;vmatmif vkyfay;yg[k awmif;yef&ef jzpfonf/ Ekd;vmawmh
ukd,fh[mukd,f &,f&ao;onf/
]]a[m.....awmh}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 82
'DaeYawmh zsmatmufwGif bmrQ r&Sdawmhacs/ bkd;bkd;atmif r
rbJ bkd;bkd;ajymif r p oGm;acsNyD xifonf/ tarusifu
jyL;jyL;jymjymESifh zsmwpfcsyfvHk; vSef&Smonf/ rawGY/
]]OD;wkd;vmw,f bGm;bGm;.....aeYcif;wkef;u}}
ajr;tBuD;av;u ajymonf/ om;tBuD;aumifvmum zsmukd
vSefí &Sm,loGm;onfrSm usdef;aoygNyD/
]][if-'DtartkdBuD;rSm ukd,fhxrif; ukd,f&Smpm;ae&wm? ckxd
'Dtaumifu wpfESpfaevkdYrS wpfrwf ig;rl;avmufawmif axmufyhHazmf
r&wJhtjyif tarhacR;enf;pmukd uapmfaomufzkdY vm vm
EIdufao;w,f}}
tarusif wzspfawmufawmufajymum rsuf&nfusonf/
]]t0Dpdukd jzwfvrf;u oGm;r,fh taumif? ighykdufqHukd
uapmfaomuf&if tyif;tqdyfjzpfygapawmf}}
tarusifu ESyfñ§pf&if; usdefqJonf/ orD;BuD;u Nidrfaeonf/
orD;ti,fu ai;aeonf/ olwkdYtpfukdBuD;ukd olwkdY
rauseyfaomfvnf; bmrQrajym&J? vufjrefajcjrefESifh &kdufarmif;?
ykwfarmif; vkyfwwfaomaMumifh aMumufonf/
]]b,favmufygoGm;vJ tar}}
]]ESpfusyfcGJygat? odyfawmh rrsm;ygbl;}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 83
tarusifu 0rf;yef;wenf;ajymonf/
]]ESpfusyfcGJvnf; ESpfusyfcGJaygh? b,fenf;yghrvJ? qef0,f&if
EkdYqDav;bl; &rSm}}
tBuD;ru awG;onf/
]]MuufoGefeD0,f&if tpdwfom;}}
orD;i,fu awG;onf/
]]eHjym;0,f&if ig;csyfawmif &rSm? igwkdYwpfawG wpfa,muf
wpfcsyf pm;vkdY&w,f}}
ajr;uav;u awG;aeavonf/
Ä Ä Ä
(vHkrav;? 1987? Zefe0g&D)
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 84
jrefrmtrsdK;orD;ESpfa,muf&Sdavonf
]]rkdufu,fukd xrif;pm;zdwfcJhr,faemf rmrD}}
orD;jzpfol ]0if;yy} u cGifhawmif;ovkdajymawmh a':ESif;ESif;a0
pdwfvIyf&Sm;oGm;onf/
Murf;awGukd ajymifvufaeatmif wkdufzkdY? cef;qD;awGukd topf
vJzdkY? {nfUcef;xJrSm yef;tkd;vSvSawG jyifzkdY? aemufNyD; tdrfom
a&csdK;cef;awGukd wkdufcRwfaq;aMumzkdY ponf ponfjzifh vkyfp&m
tvkyfrsm;u acgif;xJwGif tpDt&D ay:vmMuonf/ xrif;[if;udpöu
awmh odyfta&;rBuD;/ jrefrmxrif;qkdif aumif;aumif;u [if;awG
0,fNyD; ]orD;av;0if;yy&JU vuf&mawGavuG,f} [lí twnfaygufESifh
ajymNyD; auR;arG;{nfhcH&kHyif/
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 85
a[m-ta&;BuD;qHk;udpöukd tckrSyif owd&awmhonf/ olu
t*Fvdyfpum;ukd xrif;pm;a&aomuf avmufom ajymEkdifqkdEkdifol
jzpfonf/ orD;\trsdK;om;rdwfaqG rkdufu,fuavwef uvnf;
taemufEkdifiHom;rkdY jrefrmpum;ukd wwfvSvQif ]aeacgif;yg&JUvm;}
[lonfavmufom wwfrnfjzpfonf/
]orD;av;u tcsuftjyKwf odyfaumif;wm/ tcsKyftvkyfvnf;
odyfawmfwm? rdef;uav;vJ yDovkdufwm t&rf;yJ?
oabmuvnf;odyfaumif;? olUudkvkdcsifwJholawG 0kdif;0dkif;vnfvkdY}
paom pum;rsm;ukd rkdufu,fuavwef\ em;&GufrSwpfqifh
OD;aESmufxJ tonf;ESvHk;xJ a&mufatmif rnfonfhbmompum;ESifh
&Tef;&Tef;a0atmif ajymNyD; avSmfcwfykdYay;&rnfenf;/
a':ESif;ESif;a0onf rdrdudk,frdrd rauseyfaompdwfESifh
oufjyif;csrdonf/ orD;ESifhrkdufu,fom vufxyfjzpfMurnfqkdvQifawmh
onftwkdif;aeí rjzpfawmh/ t*Fvdyfpum;ajym oifwef;wuf&rvm;?
q&mrukd tdrfac:oif&rvm;? wpfckckawmh vkyfrS jzpfrnf/ 'grSvnf;
orufESifha,mu©r qufqHa&; ajyvnfayrnf/ aemufNyD; olwkdYXmae
okdY vkdufvnfaom tcgüvnf; t*Fvdyfpum;ukd ruRrf;usifvkdY
jzpfrnfr[kwf/
]]tckvmr,fh we*FaEGqkdvQif aumif;rvm; rmrD}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 86
tckrS t*FgaeYqkdawmh Ak'¨[l;? Mumoyaw;? aomMum? pae
Mum;xJwGif av;&uf&Sdao;onf/ Murf;wkdufzkdY? cef;qD;vJzkdY tcsdef
aumif;aumif; &onfrkdY awmfao;onf/
]]olu b,fawmhjyefrSmvJ orD;&JU}}
]]olYtvkyfu rNyD;ao;ygbl;? aemufxyf av;vavmufawmh
ae&OD;r,fwJh}}
rkdufu,fuavwef jrefrmjynfokdY a&mufaeonfrSm av;ig;vcefY
&SdayNyD/ wnfaqmufa&; vkyfief;cGif wpfckwGif uRrf;usifoltjzpf
vma&mufae&jcif; jzpfonf/ orD;ESifh oduRrf;cifrifonf uawmh
ESpfvavmufom &Sdao;onf/
]]tif;-av;vqkdvnf; odyfrenf;ygbl;? onfMum;xJrSm orD;ukd
wrf;wrf;pGJ jzpfoGm;Ekdifygw,f}}
a':ESif;ESif;a0u olYorD;\rsufESm zl;zl;vSvSav;ukd tm;ukd;pGm
Munfhrdonf/ ukd,fvHk;oG,foG,fjrifhjrifhuav;uvnf; EdkifiHjcm;om;
tMudKuf[lí rJwif;rdonf/
a':ESif;ESif;a0\zcifonf tdE´d,ESifh jrefrmpyfaom jrefrmjynfzGm;
wpfOD;jzpfonf/ rdcifuawmh *E¨mv&mZfaoG; wpf0ufygonf/
xkdYaMumifh a':ESif;ESif;a0\aoG;ukd cGJwrf;csí pdppfMunfhvQif
tdE´d,aoG;u wpfrwfom;? *E¨mv&mZfaoG;u aemufwpfrwfom;ESifh
jrefrmaoG; ig;rl;zkd;rQ yg&Sdavonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 87
jrefrmaoG; ig;rl;om;wdwd ygaomfvnf; a':ESif;ESif;a0onf
jrefrmukd txifrBuD;vSay/
]]jrefrmawG[m t&SmtazG raumif;bl;wJh}}
rdcifu ajymonf/
]]tpktaqmif;uvnf; rawmfbl;}}
zcifu qkdonf/
]]todrf;tqnf;uvnf; rwwf}}
BuD;awmfu csD;usL;onf/
]]pnf;urf;uvem;vJ bmrSr&Sdbl;? ypfpvufcwf
aewwfwJholawG}}
bBuD;u axmrem jyKjyefonf/
xkdYaMumifh a':ESif;ESif;a0onf jrefrmjynfwGifaeum jrefrmig;yd
ESifh jrefrmiHjym&nfukd BudKufESpfoufpGm pm;oHk;&if; jrefrmukd
txifao;aeol jzpfonf/ onfMum;xJu a&Tbkdom;Zmwd
jrefrmppfppfjzpfaom orD;wkdYtaz OD;batmifESifh vufxyfjzpfcJhonf/
]]'guawmh ukdatmifu tifrwef tvm;tvm aumif;wJholukd;}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 88
[kwfygonf/ OD;batmifonf jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&; &NyD;p
umvwGif EkdifiHa&;avmuü usifvnf&if; &mxl;&mcH tBuD;BuD;&&ef
tvm;tvm rsm;pGm&Sdavawmh bmuawmf nmuawmf jzpfvkdaom
a':ESif;ESif;a0u OD;batmif\aoG;wGif bmaoG;u wpfrwfom;?
nmaoG;u ig;rl;om; [lí rqef;ppfcJhawmhay/
a':ESif;ESif;a0\wGufudef;onf wpf0ufrSefí wpf0ufrSm;cJhonf[k
qkd&rnf/
OD;batmifu a':ESif;ESif;a0ESifh vufxyfNyD;aomtcg EkdifiHa&;ukd
pdwf0ifpm;ao;aomfvnf; trwftjzpf ta&G;cH&ef rBudK;pm;awmhbJ
pD;yGm;a&;buf vSnfhonf/ qefpufqDpuf axmifonf/ tpkd;&ESifh
zufpyfvkyf&aom zufpyfvkyfief;rsm;wGif tjrifus,fus,fESifh
yg0ifvkyfukdifavonf/ xkdYaMumifh a':ESif;ESif;a0 arQmfrSef;ovkd
uawmfBuD;BuD; rjzpfcJh&aomfvnf; aiGyHktBuD;BuD;ukdum; ykdufrdcJhonf/
]]tif;-onftajctaetwkdif; qufoGm;&if jrefrmjynfrSm
tcsrf;omqHk; qkdwJholawGxJrSm pm&if;0ifEkdifNyD}}
a':ESif;ESif;a0u pdwful;ESifh &l;aeonf/ taysmfBuD;aysmfaeonf/
okdYaomf MumMumraysmfvkduf&ay/ OD;batmifonf rnfonfh
tajctaetxd BuD;yGm;Ekdifoenf;ukd wGufcsufrdaomfvnf;
ol\vu©PmwGif ygaom toufvrf;aMumif;u wkdovm;
&Snfovm; rqef;ppfcJhrdaomaMumifhvm;awmhrod? toufav;q,f
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 89
t&G,fwGif &kwfw&uf aoG;aMumjywfum qHk;yg;oGm;awmh
orD;i,fi,fav; ESpfa,mufukd zufum vl;aeatmif ikdcJh&avonf/
olu OD;batmifxuf oHk;ESpfBuD;aomaMumifh rkqkd;r jzpfcsdefwGif
av;q,fhoHk;ESpf&SdNyD jzpfavonf/ jrefrmwkdY\ tjrift&rl
aemuftdrfaxmifxl&ef roifhavQmfawmhay/
orD;wkdYtaz &Smay;cJhaom ypönf;yHku odyfrenf;aomfvnf;
wpfoufvHk;awmh xkdifNyD;rpm;avmuf/ qefpuf qDpufawGuvnf;
odyf[efrusawmhay/ rdef;rom;wpfOD;wnf; taeESifh
OD;pD;vkyfukdif&efvnf; rvG,f/ onfawmh a':ESif;ESif;a0
vkdif;ajymif;&onf/ yef;qkd;wef; ae&maumif;aumif;wGif
qkdifcef;wpfck0,fonf/ jrefrm yef;yk? yef;csD? ,Gef;xnf wkdYukd
nmbufjcrf;wGifvnf;aumif;? EkdifiHjcm; rdwfuyf? a&arT;? vufonf;eD
paom tvSukefrsm;ukd b,fbufjcrf;wGif vnf;aumif; wGJNyD;
a&mif;csonf/
jrefrmhtEkynmypönf;rsm;ukd trsm;qHk; pdwf0ifpm;olrsm;u
jrefrmwkdY r[kwfay/ EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm; jzpfonf/ okdYaomf
EkdifiHjcm;tvSukefrsm;ukd pdwf0ifpm;olawGuawmh EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm;
r[kwfjyef/ jrefrmrsm;om jzpfMuonf/ tckvkd wGJxm;awmh
,Gef;ypönf;vmMunfUaom urÇmvSnfhc&D;onf tcsdKUqDrS
tvSukefypönf;rsm;ukdyg aps;csdKcsdKESifh jyef0,fí &avonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 90
olYqkdifuvnf; jrefrmESifhxkdif;jzpf tvSukefrsm;ukd
vHk;0wifonfr[kwf/ ]x&D;&kdpf &Sdvm;? tmcsD r&Sdbl;vm; tefwD?
umae&Sif; 'Dtkd,ifh vkdcsifw,f} ponfjzifh ajymvmvkdYuawmh
]xkdif;ypönf; rwifbl;uGJU} [k cyfjywfjywfuav; jyefajymvkduf&onfrSm
t&om &SdvSonf/
olu a&arT;qkdvQif yGdKifpifwkdY? *RdKif;wkdY? csmvDwkdY? r'rf&kdcsfwkdY?
csife,f(5)wkdY ukdom wifcsifonf/ &ufAvGef
EIwfcrf;qkd;aq;awmifhESifh rufpfzufwmrdwfuyf? *RefqifESifh ,ufwav
ukd,fvdrf;aygif'g rsm;udkom a&mif;csifonf/ ypönf;ppf&rnfukd
tmrcHonf/ onfawmhvnf; aps;rsm;rsm;&onfu trSefyif/
aps;rsm;rsm; ay;Ekdifolrsm;uom olYqkdifodkYvmonf/
xkdYaMumifh a':ESif;ESif;a0\qkdifukd vmolrsm;rSm
EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm;ESifh jrefrmvlcsrf;om txufwef;pm;rsm;om jzpfonf/
]'guvJ orD;awG twGufyg? orD;awGukd EkdifiHjcm;om;awGESifh
&if;ESD;apcsifvkdY? aemufNyD; jrefrmxJu eD;pyf&ifvnf;
txufwef;pm;awGESifhyJ eD;pyfapcsifvkdY}
a':ESif;ESif;a0u awG;onf/ orD;wkdYi,fpOfuawmh
EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm; t0,ftjcrf;vmvQif oGufvufcsufcsmpGm ajymqkd
a&mif;csEkdifaom rdef;uav;wpfOD;ukd wpfv oHk;&may;NyD;
iSm;xm;cJh&onf/ ukd,fwkdifuawmh &TifyscsdKomaom rsufESmay;ESifh
wpfcGef;p ESpfcGef;p 0ifaxmuf ay;&avonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 91
orD;awGusawmh t*Fvdyfbmom ta&;tzwf tjyif pum;ajymyg
uRrf;usifatmif usL&SifawG tcgcg ay;NyD; zdzdpD;pD; oifay;cJhonf/
olarQmfrSef;ovkdyif orD;ESpfa,mufvHk; t*Fvdyfpm awmfMuonf/
orD;wkdY t&G,fa&mufNyD; tBuD;rav; ESif;yy bGJY&awmh qkdifwGif
xkdifapcJhonf/ xkdrdef;uav;ukdvnf; wpfvoHk;&may;NyD;
iSm;p&mrvkdawmh/
olarQmfrSef;ovkdyif ESif;yyonf EkdifiHjcm;om;rsm;ESifh
cifrifuRrf;0ifcJhonf/ jrefrmvlcsrf;omrsm;ESifh eD;pyfcJhonf/
okdYaomfvnf; BudKufr,fhBudKufawmh olYqkdifokdY ypönf;rSefrSef
vmoGif;aom oabFmom; wpfOD;ESifh BudKufcJhonf/
]]tck oabFmom; qkdayr,fh pmar;yGJajzNyD;atmif&if t&m&Sd
jzpfrSmyg rmrD&,f? aemufNyD; olYukrÜPDu olYukd odyf oabmuswm?
emrnfwyfNyD; jyefac:rSm? aemufxyf oHk;acgufavmufawmh tomav;
vkduf&OD;rSmyg}}
orD;u tar oabmrwlrnfukd pdwfyl&Smonf/ oluvnf;
odyfawmh oabmrwlcsif/ aumifuav;u oabFmom;qkdaomfvnf;
olYrdbrsm;u <u,fykd;<u,f0 r[kwf? NrdKUopfwGif aeaom
vlwef;pm;rsm; jzpfí a':ESif;ESif;a0 odyfoabmrawGYvSay/ onfYxuf
aumif;aumif;av; &csifaomfvnf; ukd,fhorD;u ygaeNyDrkdY bmrQ
rwwfEkdifawmh/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 92
wu,fhwu,fawmhvnf; jrefrmjynfwGif oabFmrSefrSef
wufae&aom oabFmom;ukd &onf qkdonfu enf;enf;aemaem
ukokdvfrS r[kwfwmyJ? pkwwfaqmif;wwfvQif tdrfykdif &mykdif?
um;ykdifESifh a&TaiGwGJvJ aeEkdifonf[k taumif;bufu awG;cJh&onf/
olarQmfrSef;ovkdyif orD;BuD;wkdY tdrfaxmifonf acsmifacsmif
vnfvnf csrf;csrf;omom &Sdonf/ &efukefNrdKUrS rcGmbJvnf;
ae&onf/
]]q&m0ef ,lvQifawmifrS ole,fajymif;orQ wwef;wef;
vkdufae&OD;r,f? onfavmufvnf; pkrdrSm r[kwf}}
tckawmhvnf; a':ESif;ESif;a0 auseyfaeNyD jzpfavonf/
orD;ESifhtwl acgif;csif;qkdif&if; ukdufrnfhypönf;av;rsm; 0,fjcrf;vm&ef
orufqDokdY pma&;&onfukd MunfarGYaeNyDjzpfonf/
]tif;-ighorD;i,fvJ oabFmom;ESifhyJ BudKufOD;r,fxifyg&JU}
a':ESif;ESif;a0u awG;onf/ orD;i,f\ aoG;xJwGif
tdE´d,aoG;u wpfrl;om;rQom &Sdawmhaomfvnf; tdEd´,rif;orD;
&SmrDvmw*kd;ESifh cyfqifqif oGm;wlaeonf/ tom;usawmhvnf;
tarhbufrS tbkd;ESifhwlum jzL0if;aeonf/ qHyif
eufeufuav;rsm;u ajzmifhpif;aeNyD; NyHK;vkduf&,fvkdufvQif
yg;csdKifhuav;u rodrom cGuf0if oGm;wwfonf/
]]tdrl&m u orD;ukd odyfvSwmyJwJh odvm; rmrD}} Com
mercial
use o
f this b
ook w
ill be
at you
r OW
N RISK !
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 93
]]tefu,f*sufqif u orD;vrf;avQmufwm a'gif;rav; uae
ovkdyJ wJh}}
]]rpöwmukdifZmu orD;ukd *sdef;zGef'g&JUavhusifhcef;awG
vkyfaeovm; wJh ar;aew,f}}
orD;i,f ajymavh&Sdaom pum;rsm;jzpfonf/
orD;i,fu orD;BuD;xuf ykdvSovkd ykdNyD;awmhvnf; oGufonf/
oH&kHk;{nfhcHyGJrsm;? aps;a&mif;yGJrsm;okdYvnf; rMumcP oGm;&wwfonf/
oGm;&avwkdif; tuÐsvuf&SnfESifh csdwfxbDukd 0wf&ef a':ESif;ESif;a0u
wzGzG wkdufwGef;wwfonf/
olu jrefrmvlrsdK;ukd txifrBuD;aomfvnf; jrefrm0wfpHkukdawmh
tvGefoabmusonf/ *syefuDrkdEkd? taemufwkdif;*g0ef&Snf ponfwkdYu
cg;wkwfjcif;? Akdufyljcif;? wifjym;jcif;ukd txdkuftavsmuf
zHk;uG,fEkdifrnf jzpfaomfvnf; jrefrm tuÐsESifhxbD uawmh
ukd,fvHk;ukd,fayguf rvSvQif b,fvkdrQ zHk;uG,fí r&atmif
'ku©ay;avonf/
orD;wkdYvkd vSNyD;om;rdef;uav; qkdvQifvnf; Munfhr0atmif?
aMumh&Sif;oyf&yfaeatmif taxmuftulay;onf/ tckacwfay:
rdef;uav;rsm;u ykd;tuÐs? zJtuÐs ajymifajymifvufvufrsm;ukd
Zmem;rsm;wyfum wkdwkdyGyG 0wfNyD; xbDusawmh ajcovHk;wpf0ufcefY
azmfxm;vkdufMuao;onf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 94
xkdxkdaom rdef;uav;rsm; vdyfjymav;rsm;vkd ysH0Jaewwfaom
{nfUcHyGJrsm;wGif orD;u ol\tqHk;tr twkdif; jrefrmtuÐsvuf&SnfESifh
csdwfxbDukdom 0wfqifoGm;wwfonf/ xkdYaMumifhvnf;
jrefrmrdef;uav;ukd jrefrmyDyDoo jrifzl;csifaom EdkifiHjcm;om;wkdYu
orD;\tvSukdom ai;armpdwf0ifpm;Muavonf/ orD;ESifh
&if;ESD;uRrf;0ifcsifMuavonf/
orD;u olwkdYzdwfac:vQif txkduftavsmuf oGm;wwfaomfvnf;
rdrd\tdrfokdYrl rnfolYukdrQ zdwfac:{nfYcHjcif; r&SdcJhzl;ay/ tckrS
yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf xrif;pm;zdwf&ef BuH&G,fjcif; jzpfavonf/
]]orD;}}
]]&ufpf rmrD}}
]]olu tdrfaxmifr&Sdygbl; aemf}}
]]uGJaewm oHk;ESpfavmuf &SdNyDwJh rmrD&JU? olrdef;rvnf;
aemufa,musfm; ,loGm;NyDwJh}}
orD;u vufonf;eDqkd;&if; at;aq;pGm ajymonf/
a':ESif;ESif;a0uawmh oufjyif;ukd usdwfícsonf/ wpfckvyfwkdY?
rkqkd;zkdwkdYukd jrefrmrsm;uom ta&;wBuD;xm;NyD; pOf;pm;aeMujcif;
jzpfonf/ urÇmrSmawmh 'gu ta&;rBuD;ygbl;[k awG;onf/
]]olu orD;ukd cspfw,fwJhvm;}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 95
]][kwfuJh}}
orD;u rodrom NyHK;aomfvnf; &SufpEkd; rjzpfvSay/
]]orD;ua&m}}
]]orD;uvnf; pOf;pm;aewmygyJ}}
]]vufxyfzkdYa&m}}
]]ol ajymrvmao;ygbl; rmrD&,f}}
]]ajymvm&ifa&m}}
onfwpfcgawmh vufonf;qkd;jcif;tvkyfukd acwå&yfum olYukd
armhMunfhonf/ rdcifjzpfol\ rsuf0ef;rSwqifh &ifwGif;ukdyg vSrf;NyD;
tuJcwfonf/
]]rmrD oabmrwlbl;vm; [if}}
orD;uar;awmh a':ESif;ESif;a0onf &kwfw&uf
bmjyefajym&rnfukd rodjzpfoGm;onf/ ]]oabmwlvkdufwmrSuG,f?
rD;&xm;BuD; OMoqGJovkd wlwlwlwlESifhawmif jrnfaeao;}} [k
jyefajymvdkufcsifaomfvnf; raumif;wwfaomaMumifh ]]oabmrwlbl;vJ
r[kwfygbl;uG,f}} [k r,kwfrvGef ajymonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 96
]]orD;om olESifh ,ljzpf&ifawmh rmrDeJY cGJoGm;&rSmyJ}}
orD;u awG;awG;qq ajymonf/
]]b,fwwfEkdifyghrvJuG,f}}
a':ESif;ESif;a0uawmh orD;ukd ESpfodrfh&onf/
]]onfvkdcGJ&wmrsdK;ukdawmh rmrDtm;ay;ygw,f orD;&,f}} [k
pdwfxJrS qufajymonf/ orD;vkdufoGm;NyD; [kdrSm tajcusoGm;rS
vkdufvnf&rnf/ tqifajyvQif ukd,fyg wpfygwnf; [kdrSmvkdufae?
tqifrajyvQifvnf; ukdufrnfhypönf;av;awG 0,fjcrf;NyD; jyefvm&kHyif?
t&SHK;r&Sd jrwfzkdYcsnf; jzpfonf/
]]wu,fhwu,fawmh taemufEdkifiHom; wpfa,mufeJY
vufxyf&w,f qkduwnf;u onfu rdef;rawGxuf
acgif;wpfvHk;awmh ykdjrifhoGm;wmyJ? [kdEkdifiHukd vkdufoGm;NyD;
tajccs&rSmua&m enf;wJh ukokdvfvm;? wpf&Gmrajymif;
olaumif;rjzpfbl;wJh}}
Ä
a':at;cifu ajymifvufNyD;om; Murf;jyifukd MuufarG;
wHjrufpnf;ESifh q,fBudrfajrmuf xyfvSnf;onf/ Murf;jyifwGif
xifaeaom ol\t&dyfukd iHkYMunfh&if; tJonf rkdufu,fuavwef
qkdwm bmBuD;rkdYvkdY onfavmuf ysm,mcwfaeMuygvdrfh[k
pOf;pm;aerdonf/ Com
mercial
use o
f this b
ook w
ill be
at you
r OW
N RISK !
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 97
]]tar}}
]]bmvJ [Jh}}
]]onfaiGzvm;BuD;ukd b,fem;rSm xm;&rSmvJ}}
]]ig b,fodrvJ? olwkdYukdar;rS odrSmaygh}}
a':at;cifu ol\orD; oif;oif;axG;ukd vSnfhrMunfhbJ
cyfqwfqwf ajymonf/
oif;oif;axG;u ESif;qDzl; tiHkawG xkd;pdkufxm;aom aiGzvm;ukd
[kdcs&rvkd? onfcs&awmhrvkdESifh aemufawmhvnf; {nfhcef;axmifhu
pm;yGJjrifhjrifhav;ay: oGm;wifxm;vkdufonf/
]]tar}}
oif;oif;axG;u ac:jyefonf/
]]bmvJ [Jh}}
]]tar-cPaeOD;av? ay; tJ'DMuufarG;? orD;
qufvSnf;vkdufyghr,f}}
oif;oif;axG;u a':at;cif\vufxJrS MuufarG;ukd
vSrf;qGJonf/ a':at;cifu vufukdvTwfay;vkdufaomfvnf;
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 98
orD;\rsufESmukd rMunfhay/ tdrfaemufaz;okdY rsufESmxm;wif;wif;ESifh
vSnfh0ifvmcJhonf/
oif;oif;axG;ukd rausreyfjzpfaeonfu oHk;&ufcefY&SdayNyD/
rsufESmukd jrifvkdufonfESifh a'go jzpfNyD; &kdufcsifvmwwfonf/
]][if;-aumifr? toufujzifh q,fhajcmufESpf jynfh&kH&Sdao;?
&nf;pm;u xm;csifaeNyD}}
tdrfaemufaz;wGif rwkd;wkdYvifr,m;u yef;uefcGufa,mufrsm;ukd
aq;aMumaeMuonf/ qDjyef[if;rsm;uawmh qkdifrS 0,fxm;í
tqifoifhjzpfaeayNyD/ refusnf;&Gufukdawmh pm;cgeD;rS okyf&rnf
jzpfonf/ yJBuD;[if;ukd ql;ykyf&Guf cyf&ef? rcyf&ef udpöu
raocsmao;ay/ ql;ykyf&GufeHYukd rkdufu,fuavwef ESpfoufrnf
rESpfoufrnfukd a':ESif;ESif;a0uvnf; taotcsm rqHk;jzwfEkdifay/
a':at;cifonf bmqufvkyf&rnfukd rodbJ acwårQ ikdifaerdNyD;rS
t0wfwpfckukd,lum aq;NyD;om; a<uyef;uefrsm;ukd wpfcsyfcsif;
okwfonf/
]]tpfrat;cif aeraumif;bl;vm;}}
]]bmjzpfaevkdYvJ}}
]]rsufESmraumif;vkdY}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 99
]]rsufESm raumif;wm pdwfraumif; vdkYygat? vluawmh
aeaumif;ygw,f}}
a':at;cifu nnf;nnf;nLnLajymonf/
olYrSmvnf; &ifzGifhp&mqkdvkdY rwkd;wkdYvifr,m;om &Sdonf/
okdYaomfvnf; rwkd;a,musfm; armifwif &Sdaewkef;awmh oif;oif;axG;
taMumif; odyfrajymcsif/ rwdk;rSwpfqifh olYa,musfm;ukd ol ajymNyD;
odonfuawmh udpör&Sdacs/
]]tpfrat;cifwkdYawmh onfn &wemyHk qkdufrSmyJ? ykdwJh[if;awG
trsm;BuD; o,foGm;vkdY&rSm odvm;}}
armifwifuawmh 0,fxm;aom [if;rsm;qDokdYom tm&kHa&mufaeyHk
&onf/
]]atmifr,fav;? tJonf qDjyef[if;awGukd a':uyfap;BuD;u
ay;ygvdrfhr,f tm;BuD;BuD;? Munfhae? tpfrat;cif jyef&if a&mh [Jh?
nnf;uav;awG twGuf qkdNyD; refusnf;&Gufokyf wpfZvHk
ay;vkdufvdrfhr,f odvm;}}
rwkd;u tdrfa&SUukd rodromuJMunfhum wkd;wkd;av; ajym&if;
usdwf&,faeonf/ a':at;cifuawmh vkdufr&,fEkdif? cyfikdifikdif
jzpfaeonf/ refusnf;&Gufokyfonf vnf;aumif;? ig;jrif;qDjyefonf
vnf;aumif; olYtawG;ukd rvTrf;rkd;Ekdifay/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 100
]]orD;tBuD;rkdY vdr®mrvm; rSwfygw,f? olupNyD; a,mufr
jrif;pD;xGufvmw,f? [if;....igav}}
a':at;cifu awG;&if;tHBudwfonf/
]]tckrS &Spfwef;ajzNyD;p &Sdao;w,f? aumifru eefYaeNyD?
vkdcsifvGef;vkdY ,lvJ ukd,fhjrefrmAk'¨bmomcsif; qkd&if awmfao;&JU}}
wpfaeYnu orD;\ ausmif;pmtkyfMum;xJrS pmwpfapmifukd
awGY&onf/ orD;u tcsdefrD0Suf&ef BudK;pm;aomfvnf; yef;a&mif
pm&Gufuav;ukd jrifuwnf;u olu vufjrefjrefESifh
vSrf;qGJvkdufonf/ jrif&&kHESifh &nf;pm;pmrSef;odí orD;\acgif;ukd
ememacgufypfvkdufonf/ zwfMunfhrdawmh vrf;xdyf ukefpHkqkdifrS
armifarmifpdefu ay;vkdufaMumif; od&NyD; a'gojzifh ausmukd
ylaeatmif xyfíxkypfvkdufonf/
]]nDrav; tpfukdESifh vufxyfNyD;&if tpfukdu ausmif;
qufxm;ay;rSmaygh? tpfukdYrdbawG b,favmufcsrf;omovJ nDrav;
odw,fr[kwfvm;? nDrav; a&TyHkaiGyHkay:rSm pH&rSmyguG,f?
wpfckawmh&Sdw,fav? tpfukdwkdYbmomxJukdawmh 0if&rSmaygh}}
pmukd wpfacgufwnf;om zwfvkduf&aomfvnf; tvGwfeD;yg;
&oGm;onf/ wpfukd,fvHk; &Sd&SdorQ aoG;rsm;vnf;
qla0vIyf&Sm;oGm;onf/ xlyloGm;onf/ rl;a0oGm;onf/
]][if-Akdif;wmr? eifu bmawG pdwful;aewmvJ}} Com
mercial
use o
f this b
ook w
ill be
at you
r OW
N RISK !
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 101
]]orD;rul;ygbl; tar&JU? olu olYbmomol orD;vG,ftdwfxJ
pmxnfhay;vkdufwmyg}}
]]tJ'D aocsif;qkd;ay;wkdif;a&m eifu bmudpö,lcJh&wmvJ
umvemr&JU}}
a':at;cifu olYorD; olYrsufpdatmufu aysmufoGm;awmhrvkd
aqmufwnf&mr& jzpfcJh&onf/ {nfYonf&Sif;NyD; at;at;aq;aq;&SdrS
rwkd;ukd &ifzGifhjyNyD; ikd&rnf/ uav;ig;a,mufESifh rkqkd;rrkdY
qif;&Jusyfwnf;onfuawmh trSefyif/ aqGrsdK;eD;pyfawmfaom
a':ESif;ESif;a0wkdY tdrfwGif vmNyD; ulnDvkyfukdifay;&if; aiGa&;aMu;a&;
tultnDukd avmufavmufvm;vm;rsm; &rvm;[k arQmfvifhpum;
ac:ae&aom tcsdefrkdY pdwftm;u i,fNyD;&if; i,f&if;? ikdNyD;&if;
ikdcsif&if; jzpfaeonf/
]]a&cJaowåmxJu a&cJwHk;awG tqifoifhxkwfxm;ygwJh}}
oif;oif;axG;u rD;zkdxJ jyef0ifvmonf/ tar\ rsufESmuJukd
rodromcwfum rvSrf;rurf;wGif 0ifxkdifvkdufonf/
]]eifhtar pdwfraumif;jzpfaew,fwJh? eif bmvkyfxm;ovJ}}
]][m rwkd;uvJ oif;oif; bmrS rvkyfygbl;}}
oif;oif;axG;u rvHkrvJ ajzonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 102
]]rkqkd;r om;orD; qif;&Jom; qkdawmh vlrav;csifbl; rwkd;&JU?
ukd,fu aewwfxkdifwwfrS? ydydjym;jym; raebJ qwfaumhvwfaumh
oGm;vkyf&ifawmh tacsmifBuHwJholESifh awGYrSmyJ? r[kwfbl;vm;}}
a':at;cifu a&cJaowåmxJrS a&cJwHk;uav;rsm;ukdxkwf&if;
w&m;apmif;a[monf/ armifwifu ykvif;? zefcGufESifh tjrnf;rsm;ukd
jyifaeonf/ av;axmifh 'defcJwHk;av;rsm; ay:wGif oGm;Mum;xkd;wH
uav;rsm; tqifoifh xkd;pkdufae&if; oD[kdVfo&ufaph aumuf0g;onf/
]]oif;oif;axG;u vdr®mygw,f? r[kwfvm; tpfrat;cif&JU}}
]]eifhnDrvm; vdr®mvkdufwmrS at}}
a':at;cifu EIwfcrf;ukd t&kyfqkd;atmifrJh&if; pum;ajym&ef
t&Sdef,lonf/
]]bmrS r[kwfygbl; rwkd;&,f? taru oif;oif;ukd olrsm;ay;wJh
&nf;pm;pm ,lvm&rvm; qkdNyD; nwkef;u acgif;acgufvkduf
ausmxkvkduf aygifwGif;aMumvdrfqGJvkdufeJU}}
a':at;cif rajymrD oif;oif;axG;u OD;atmifajymNyD;
rsuf&nf0Jvmonf/
]]tJonfpmukd b,folYqDu ,lvmwmvJ qkdwmukdvJ
xnfhajymvkdufOD;av? [if-eifu rsdK;rppf uav;awG arG;csifvkdYvm;?
bmomukd pGefYcsifvkdYvm; rdoif;oif;axG;&JU}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 103
a':at;cifu ajym&if; csufcsif;rsuf&nfusvmonf/ orD;uawmh
olYukd cyfai;ai;jyefMunfY&if; cyfusdwfusdwf &SdKufum
rsuf&nfokwfonf/
]]tar t&ifwkef;u ajymawmh orD;ukd csrf;omwJholeJU
&apcsifw,fqkd}} [k wkd;wkd;av; ajymonf/
]]a[m-vmNyDxifw,f}}
tdrfa&SUrS um;qkdufoHukdMum;awmh rwkd;ESifh armifwif
vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm; jzpfoGm;onf/ olwkdYwpfawG armaeatmif
wkdufxm;aom uRef;om;uGufwHk; Murf;ay:okdY zdeyfrcRwfbJ
eif;wufvmaom EkdifiHjcm;om;BuD;ukd pdwf0ifpm;pGm
acsmif;MunfhMuonf/
]]*GwftD;Aeif; rkdufu,f? ,ltm0Jvfurf;}}
]]a[mif;tm,l;}}
]]zkdif;...zkdif;....okdif;c,l;}}
]]tkd;....rkdifqGd? ,lvGwfcf qkd;jAL;wD;zl;vf}}
tdrfa&SUrS pum;oHrsm;u vQHwufvmonf/ a':at;cifuawmh
em;raxmiftm;? olYorD;vufukd wif;usyfpGm vSrf;qkyf&if; wkef&if
vdIufvSJpGm ajymavonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 104
]]onfvkd bmomrwl? vlrsdK;rwlwJh olrsdK;ukdawmh csrf;omvkdYru
ewfjynfac:oGm;r,fqkdqkd tar oabmrwlbl; orD;? orD;,lcsif&if
tarhukd t&ifowfoGm;? at;-tar raoao;&ifawmh orD;ukd
vkdufNyD; owfr,f? NyD;rS tarhukd,f tar owfr,f odvm;? tJ'gukd
NrJNrJrSwfxm;? ukd,fhtrsdK; ukd,fhbmomukd ukd,frS rapmifha&Smuf&if?
rav;pm;&if b,folu vmNyD; apmifha&SmufrSmvJ av;pm;rSmvJ
orD;&,f}}
Ä Ä Ä
(jr0wD? 1987? ar)
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 105
puf0kdif;
]]yJjyKwfwpfq,fom;vJ wpfusyfcGJjzpfaeNyDaemf}}
]]MumygNyD tpfr&,f}}
]][kd;t&ifwkef;u ig;rl;&,f}}
]]t&ifuaps; vmrajymeJY tpfra&? uRefrwkdY0,f&wmuvnf;
t&ifaps;r[kwfbl;/ wpfjynfukd ESpfq,fhESpfusyfay;&w,f?
jyKwfvkduf&if ESpfydómcGJyJ &w,fawmf}}
Ä
]]taumifvkduf av;usyf? tjcrf; av;usyfcGJ}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 106
]]Muufaps;uvJ BuD;vkdufwm[,f? wpfydóm av;q,f?
av;q,fhig;usyf wJh? igha,musfm; r[mpma&;BuD;&JU wpfvvHk;&wJh
vpmu Muuf ig;ydómzkd;avmufyJ &Sdygvm;[Jh}}
]]'DavmufrS ra&mif;&ifvJ rudkufbl; tpfr&JU? uRefrwkdY
,l&wmu oHk;q,fh&Spfusyfaps;}}
Ä
]]wpfq,fom;wpfusyfcGJ nDrav;a&? tpdwfom;,l&ifawmh
oHk;usyfcGJeJY,l? tif;c&rf;awGuGJY? tom;rsm;w,f? odyfcsdKw,f}}
]]c&rf;csOfoD;uvJ ckxd raygbl;aemf? cgwkdif; 'Dtcsdefqkd aygvSNyD}}
]]aMomf-tpfrwkdY ,l&wmvJ cgwkdif;vkd r[kwfbl; ighnDr&JU?
tckaps;u wpfaowåmukd wpf&mhoHk;q,f? 'gawmif renf;vk,ufNyD;
,l&wm}}
Ä
]]ta':a& a[m'DrSm i&kwfoD;pdrf;wpfyHk ,lvkdufNyDaemf? ykdufqHukd
ypfay;vkdufr,f? uefawmh uefawmh}}
]]i&kwfoD;pdrf;wpfyHkukd ig;rl;? wpfrwf r[kwfbl;}}
]]a[mawmf? 'gav;wpfyHkukd ig;rl; [kwfvm;}}
]][kwfw,f? ig;rl;yJ? wpfrwfzkd;a&mif;vkdY rukdufawmhbl;?
ukeft0ifuukd enf;aevkdY}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 107
]]aMomf-}}
Ä
]][if MuufoGefu topfvJjzpf? ao;vJao;? 'gawmif
q,fhav;usyfaps;? [kwfvm;}}
]][kwfw,f? [kdbufu enf;enf;BuD;wmuawmh q,fhajcmufusyf}}
]]pdwfnpfvdkufwm}}
]]pdwfrnpfeJY[,f? igwkdYuvJ a&mif;&wm pdwfnpfwmyJ?
igwkdY0,f&wmukdu aps;BuD;aeawmh...}}
]]tif;}}
Ä
]][,f-eifuvJ vkyfawmhr,f? wpf&mukd ESpfusyfvkdY? [kdwpfcg
ig0,fwkef;u ig;rl;&,f}}
]]ig;rl; ra&mif;Ekdifwm MumygNyD tefwD&,f}}
]]igu NcHxJausmf0ifwJhacG;ukd ypfcsifvkdYom 0,f&wm? eifh
avmufpmvHk;uvJ aps;wufNyD;&if; wuf&if;}}
]]'guawmh olrsm;enf;wlaygh cifAsm}}
]]tHrm? bm olrsm;enf;wlvJ? eifu ½THUwpfjynfukd b,fESpfusyfeJY
0,fae&vkdYvJ? ukefwifum;awG ta&mufenf;aevkdY ypönf;r&SdvkdYvm;?
MuufoGefvkd ½THUopfray:ao;vkdY ½THUa[mif;u aps;BuD;aewmvm;?
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 108
eifh½THUcif;ua&m rkd;zsufvkdY ysufoGm;ovm;? ESif;cg;&kdufvkdY
aooGm;ovm;}}
]]r[kwfygbl;Asm}}
]]uJ 'gjzifh eifh½THUu bmudpö aps;wufae&wmvJ? ajymprf;ygOD;}}
]]½THUuawmh aps;rwufygbl;Asm? 'gayrJh uRefawmfqm&if ½THUukd
ukdufpm;vkdYrS r&wm tefwD&,f}}
]]tJ.....}}
Ä Ä Ä
(ayzl;vTm? 1987? azazmf0g&D)
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 109
tar
ukdvlvSwkdY ukdrif;armifwkdYukdawmh ajymraeeJY&Sifa&U/ olwkdYu
ig;o&JawG/ wpfaeukef wpfaecef; &Gm&kd;ukd;ayguf avQmufNyD; &Sd&SdorQ
acsmif;awG ajrmif;awG nGefawG tkdifawGrSm uGefypfwJhtcg ypf?
ig;yufwJhtcg yuf? *Pef;EIdufwJhtcg EdIufeJU BuHK&ifBuHKovkd
ygPmwdygwuHudk usL;vGefaewJh tukokdvf taumifawG/
'gaMumifhrkdYvkdYvnf; usKyfa,musfm;ukdomcifu ajymwm/ emrnfu
vlvSomqkdvkdY wpfu,fvSw,f xif&if rSm;oGm;vdrfhr,f wJh/
tom;urnf;rnf; oGm;uusJusJ EIwfcrf;arG;uvnf;
xkd;xkd;axmifaxmif eJYrkdY vlt&Sifvwfvwfu aeNyD; ig;cl&kyf
aygufaewJh olwJhav/
ukdrif;armifqkdwJh vlukdvnf;Munfh/ olYrsufvHk;ESpfvHk;u eDusifusif
0kdif;pufpufeJU tjyifukdvnf; jyL;xGufaevkdufao;w,f/ olYrsufcGufrSm
ig;rsufvHk; vmNyD;wyfxm;wm usaewmyJ/ raocifuwnf;u
ig;&kyfxGufaewJholav/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 110
uapmfuvnf; aomufovm; rar;eJY/ naeapmif;rkdYvkdY
olwkdYwpfawG usKyfwkdYtdrfa&SUu jzwfoGm;&if tdrfxJtxdawmif
csOfpkwfapmfukdeHvkdY/ olwkdYudk,fu xGufwJh acR;uawmif acR;eHY reHbJ
uapmfeHY xGufaewJholawGav/
tif;-'DvkdvlawGeJY usKyfa,musfm;ukdomcifu bmvkdYrsm;
cifcifrifrif &SdcJhovJ rodygbl;awmf/ tif;av-ukdomcifu
'DvkdvlawGeJU omruygbl;? wpf&yfvHk;wpf&GmvHk; oleJYrwnfhwJhol?
rcifwJholrS r&SdbJ/ ajym&&ifvnf; udk,fhig;csOf ukd,fcsOfw,f
xifrSmyJ/ ukd,fha,musfm;rkdY ukd,fajymwm r[kwfygbl;/ ukdomcif[m
wu,fhukd &kd;? wu,fhukd at;wJh vlolawmfaumif;BuD;yJ/
olYtvkyfuvnf;yJ Munfhav? bk&m;BudKuf ewfBudKuf trsm;BudKufwJh
wu,fhukd or®mtmZD0tvkyf/ tJ-r,m;uawmh rBudKufbl;aygh/
&efukefvkdNrdKU&JU qifajczHk;rSm&SdwJh cyfpkwfpkwf rlvwef;ausmif;uav;u
cyfukyfukyf ausmif;q&muawmf vkyf&wm b,frdef;rua&m
BudKufrSmvJ/ [kwfbl;vm;/
Mo-'Dvkdqkd&if tif*sifeD,m? q&m0ef? oabFmom;ukd r,lbJ
bmjzpfvkdY cyfukyfukyf ausmif;q&mukd ,lao;vJvkdY ar;w,fvm;/
'Dvkdar;vmawmhvnf; usKyfu &Sif;&Sif;yJ ajzvkdufr,f/ tJ'D
tif*sifeD,mawG? q&m0efawG? oabFmom;awGu usKyfqkdwJh usKyfukd
wpfaumifwpfNrD;rQ rsufpdvnfvrf;rSm;NyD; vm rBudKufMuvkdYaygh/
[Gef;-vmBudKufvkdYuawmh ajymaep&mawmif rvkdbl;/ rdef;rtrsm;pk[m
OD;aESmufu t&ifoGm;NyD; tJ'DOD;aESmufoGm;wJh aemufukd tonf;ESvHk;u
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 111
vkdufw,fqkdwm rSwfxm;? trsm;pkvkdYajymwmaemf/ tm;vHk;ukdawmh
rqkdvkdygbll;/
rkqkd;rcsif;twlwl q&m0efuawmf? oabFmom;uawmf qkd&if
vufxJrSm pkrdaqmif;rdav; txkyftxnfav; usefEkdifwmaygh/
tdrfuav; ,muav; ykdifEkdifwmaygh/ [kwfbl;vm;/ tckawmh
usKyfa,musfm; vl&kd;BuD; vlat;BuD; vlYolawmfaumif;BuD; aoawmh
ausmif;q&muawmf rkqkd;r usKyfrSmav? bmusefcJhvJ od&JUvm;/
ajymr,f ajymr,f ajymjyr,f/ em;axmif/ uav;u oHk;aumifawmh/
aemufNyD; ta<u;uvnf; oHk;axmifawmh/ t[kwf/
rNyHK;eJYav? t[kwfajymwmyg/ usKyfrSmav uav;oHk;a,mufukd
ykdufNyD; ta<u;oHk;axmifukd &SdorQ em;uyfuav;? vufpGyfuav;
a&mif;NyD; qyfcJh&wmaygh/ tckawmh ausmif;q&muawmf rkqkd;r
usKyfcrsmrSm ajymif;zl;jyKwfa&mif;wJhtcg a&mif;?
yJyifaygufa&mif;wJhtcg a&mif;? bk&m;yef; a&mif;wJhtcg a&mif;?
BuHK&if BuHKovkd BuHK&ma&mif;wJh aps;onf jzpfae&NyDav/
usKyfukd,fwkdif&JU yg;pyfu wpfayguf? uav;oHk;aumif&JU
yg;pyfu oHk;ayguf? tm;vHk;aygif; yg;pyf av;aygufukd jznfhzkdY auR;zkdY
b,favmuf yifyef;w,fqkdwm nnf;jyraecsifawmhygbl;/ EkdY
nnf;jyaevkdYua&m b,folvmNyD; oem;rSmrkdYvkdYvJ/ aemufNyD; usKyfu
olrsm;oem;wmvnf; rcHcsifaygif/
tJ-ajymvufp pum;awmif jywfoGm;NyD/ ckewkef;u
usKyfajymaewm ukdvlvSwkdY taMumif;/ tJ'D ukdvlvSayghawmf?
aeYv,fu ig;wGJBuD;qGJvkdY tdrfa&SUa&mufvmw,f/ avSum;
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 112
tay:qHk;xpfrSm csxm;wJh ajymif;zl;jyKwfawmif;ukd zGifhMunfhNyD; ]]a&G
edyf[}} wJh/ usKyfu ]]edyfraeeJY ykdufqHray;bJ ta<u;0,fvkdYuawmh
'gMunfhxm;}] qkdNyD; vuf0g;axmifjyvkdufw,f/ &kdif;awmh &kdif;wmaygh/
'gayrJh 'DaumifawGu odyf,Ofaus;aevkdY r&bl;/ wpfcgwpfav
&kdif;ay;rS/ ukdvlvSuawmh &kdif;&efaum &,fvkdY pdwfqkd;yHkr&ygbl;/
olY&JU oGm;usJusJBuD;awGay:atmif w[J[J&,f&if;-
]]cifAsm;ajymif;zl; ta<u;r,lbl;/ 'gayrJh ykdufqHvnf;
ray;Ekdifbll;/ a&mh ig;wpfaumif ,lxm;}} qkdNyD; olYvufxJu
BudK;eJYqGJvmwJh ig;&HUBuD;ukd ypfay;w,f/
ig;BuD;u usKyf&JUajc&if;u Murf;ay:ukd Aef;ceJusvmNyD; wpfcsuf
ESpfcsuf xckefw,f/ usKyfvnf; vefYoGm;wmaygh/
]][Jh-eifh[mu t&SifBuD;}} vkdY atmfawmh olu w[m;[m;
&,f&if;
]]&Sifae&if aoatmifvkyfvkdufaygh}} wJh/
aemufNyD; awmif;xJu ajymif;zl;av;zl; EIdufNyD; xGufoGm;a&m/
bk&m;a&/ &Sifae&if aoatmifvkyfvkdufayghwJh/ ajymawmh
vG,fvkdufwm/ b,folu vkyfrSmvJ/ yg;[yfBuD; [yuf [yuf eJU
toufukdBudK;pm;&SLaewJh ig;BuD;ukd usKyfav wvefYvefY wzsyfzsyf eJY
pkdufMunfhaerdw,f/ 'Dig;BuD; aooGm;atmif usKyf b,fvkd vkyf&rvJ/
usKyfvm; Ak'¨bmomaygh/ bk&m;ukd aeYwkdif;rSefrSef r&Sdckd;rdayr,fh
usKyf[m Ak'¨bmomtppfyg/ wpfvaerS wpfcgawmif ykwD;wpfywf
jynfhatmif rpdyfrdayr,fh Ak'¨bmomw&m;awmfukd usKyf ,HkMunfw,f/
uH uH\ tusdK;ukd usKyf ,Hkw,f/ 0#fwkdY i&JwkdY tyg,fav;bHkwkdY
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 113
qkdwmukdvnf; ,Hkwmaygh/ olrsm;toufukd owf&if i&Jusr,f?
0#fvkdufr,f? wlaom tusdK; ay;wwfw,f qkdwmawGukd odwmaygh
&Sif&,f/ jcifwdkY ,ifwkdY uRwfwkdY oef;wdkYukd owfzl;ayr,fh
'DxufBuD;wJh taumifqkd&if usKyfu ykd;[yfawmif odyfNyD; owf&Jwm
r[kwfbl;/
bm&,f? 'Dig;BuD;ukd a&xJ jyefvTwfvkduf [kwfvm;/ tkd &Sif&,f?
'Dvkdawmhvnf; aemufNyD; - aemufNyD;? ig;u raoao;ayr,fh
emaeNyDav/ a&xJ jyefvTwfayr,fh &Sifr,fawmh rxifawmhygbl;/
aoawmh aorSmygyJ? tif;av? aor,fh twlwlawmh.... [if;-
pdwfnpfygw,f/
usKyfom; ti,faumifu om;[if;ig;[if;qkd&if odyfBudKufwm/
xrif;rsm;pm;&if tñD§ta[mufuav; ygvkdYuawmh acgif;ukd
razmfawmhbl;/
aMomf-&Sif&,f? ar;rS ar;&ufyav/ usKyfu aZmwduuawmfrkdYvkdY
tom;[if; aeYwkdif; auR;EkdifrSmvm;/ om;aps;ig;aps;awG
acgifcdkufaewmukdvnf; odom;eJY/ usKyfwpfa,mufwnf; &SmNyD;
av;a,mufpm;ae&wm/ qefzkd;awmifrS renf;&,f/ wpfcgwpfavrsm;
usKyfwkdYom;trdwpfawG ig;ydawmifrygbJ qm;yHkNyD; pm;&w,fqkdwmukd
,Hk/
tif;av? 'gaMumifhajymwmaygh/ ig;&HUqkdwm aps;xJrSm av; ig;
ajcmufq,f aps; a&mif;wm/ 'Dtaumifavmufqkd&if atmufxpf
tpdwfavmufawmh ay;&r,f/ enf;wJhaiGvm;/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 114
ukdvlvS pdwf&l;aygufwkef;rkdY ajymif;zl; av;zl;eJY vJoGm;wm/
ae&if;xkdif&if; tdrfay:a&mufvmwJhig;? ukd,feJYxkdufvdkY &wJhig;? tif;-
&Sifaewm cufw,f/
raeYwkef;u qDwpfq,fom; 0,fxm;wm &Sdw,f/ ig;&HU[if;ukd
qDuav; pkdpkdeJYcsufNyD; tdrfa&SUtdrfu &J,kd&Guf EkEkav;awG
oGm;awmif;NyD; tkyfcsufvkduf&if [if;...usKyfom;awG orD;awG
acgif;awmif azmfEkdifrSm r[kwfbl;/
tvkdawmf ukda&Tig;u w0kef;0kef; xckefaejyefNyD/ olYukdrsm;
usKyfu a&xJjyefvTwfay;r,f atmufarhaevm; rodbl;/ [if;-
ukdvlvS&,f ay;r,fhay;&ifvnf; wpfcgwnf; udpöwHk; vkyfay;cJhwm
r[kwfbl;/ tckawmh usKyfrSm jyóemyJ/
aps;xJrSmqkd&ifawmh opfom;wkwfeJY wjAef;jAef;&kdufwmyJ/
tif;....'gayrJh ig;&HUqkd&ifawmh acgif;ukd zd ñ§yf ukdif NyD; "m;eJYzdNyD;
jzwfypfvkdufwm jrifzl;w,f/ ig;BuD;uvnf; wzsyfzsyf&kef; vkdY/
toufuvnf; b,favmufjyif;ovJqkd&if acgif;jyKwfoGm;wmawmif
wGefYceJ wGefYceJ vGefYwkef;? bk&m;...bk&m; tJ'Dvkd udpöBuD;ukd usKyf
b,fvkdvkyf&rwHk;/
bmvkdYrsm; ig;&HUqkdwJhaumifu olrsm;xufykdNyD;
toufjyif;ae&w,f rodygbl;aemf/ 'Dtwkdif;xm;vkdYuawmh
naepmtrD olYtvkdvkdaozkdYawmh rvG,fbl;/
ukdvlvSuawmh ajymoGm;w,f/ rao&if aoatmif
vkyfvkdufayghwJh/ bk&m; bk&m;? tl,m;vkdufwmaemf/ usKyfb,fvkd
vkyf&rvJ/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 115
'gayrJh usKyfvkyfrSmyg/ vkyfukd vkyf&rSmyg/ rvkyfvkdYrS rjzpfbJ?
uskKyftjyif vkyfrJhola&m b,fol&SdvkdYvJ/ awmfprf;yg&Sif i&Jqkdwm?
0#fqkdwm ,Hkygw,fqkdrS/ aMumufvnf; aMumufygw,f qkdrS/ 'gayrJh
usKyf i&JukdaMumufae&if usKyfom; usKyforD;uav;awG
ig;[if;wpfcGuf vGwfoGm;rSmaygh/ [ifhtif;? tvGwfrcHEkdifygbl;/
i&Jqkdwm a0;ygao;w,f/ naepmxrif;pm;csdefu cPae&if
a&mufvmawmhrSm/
usKyfav wHcg;rif;wkyf xkd;wJh wkwfukd vSrf;MunfYrdw,f/
tJ'DwkwfeJY wtm; ESufxnfhvkduf&ifawmh wpfcsufyJaerSm/ 'gayrJh
acgif;aMuoGm;rvm; rodbl;/ [l;...odw,f r[kwfvm;/ ig;&HUqkdwm
acgif;u odyfpm;aumif;wm/ usKyforD;tBuD;u ig;&HUacgif;rsm;
pkyf&&if avmuBuD;awmif arhoGm;wwfwJh aumifr/
'Dvkdqkd aps;xJu ig;onfawGvkd acgif;jzwfypfvkduf&ifaum?
bk&m;- onfvkd wzsyfzsyfvGefYaewJh ig;BuD;ukd usKyfu b,fvkdukdifNyD;
b,fvkdzd&rvJ/ atmifr,fav;? awG;&wmawmif MuufoD;xvkdufwm/
tlawG tonf;awG ,m;vkdufwm/ &SifaewJh ig;BuD;ukd acgif;jzwfzkdY
aeaeomom usKyf &J&Jawmif rukdif&Jbl;/ uJ...b,fvkdvkyf&rvJ/
aMomf-usKyfrSm "m;rxufxuf wpfacsmif;awmh &Sdom;yJ/
usKyforD; tBuD;ru toufom q,fhESpfESpfyJ &Sdao;wm?
"m;aoG;awmh awmfawmfaumif;w,f/ olaoG;vkdufwJh "m;awGqkd&if
odyfjywfwmyJ/ wpfaeYwkef;u [kdbuftdrfu rndKuawmif
usKyforD;ukd rkefYzkd;ig;rl;ay;NyD; olY"m;ESpfacsmif; aoG;ckdif;aeao;wmyJ/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 116
usKyf MumMum pOf;pm;raebl;/ eH&HrSmxkd;xm;wJh "m;rukd
oGm;,lvkdufw,f/ awmfMumae usKyfom;awG orD;awG ausmif;u
jyefvmawmhr,f/ olwkdYa&SUrSm usKyfrvkyfcsifbl;/
yg;[yfBuD; yGyGxvmatmif BudK;pm;yrf;pm; touf&SLaewJh
ig;BuD;ab;rSm usKyfav 'l;axmufNyD; xkdifvkdufw,f/ "m;rukd
vufESpfbufeJYukdif? tHukd wif;wif;BudwfNyD; rsufpdukd pHkrSdwf? &Sd&SdorQ
tm;ukd tukefoHk;NyD; wtm;ckwfcsvkdufw,f/
"m;eJY ig;eJY xdoGm;wJh tcsdefrSm usKyf&ifxJu
uvDpmawG[mvnf; usKyfvnfyif;ukd tm;vHk;ckefwufNyD;
vmqdkYawmhwmyJ/
usKyfav rsufpdukd awmfawmfeJYrzGifh&Jbl;/ "m;atmufu
ig;uawmh rNidrfao;bl;/ w0kef;0kef;vIyfaewkef;yJ/
atmifr,fav;....usKyf&ifxJrvJ vIyfaevkdufwm 0kef;'kdif;ukdcgvkdY...
'gayrJh wpfcsuf ckwfNyD;NyD qkdawmh aemuftcsufawGu odyfrcufawmh
ygbl;/ oHk; av; ig; csuf wtm;ckwfvkdufawmh cg;v,favmufu
aeNyD; ESpfykdif;jywfoGm;w,f/
ESpfykdif;jywfaewmawmif wxGefYxGefY wvGefYvGefYeJY taMumqGJaewJh
ig;BuD;ukd r&Jw&JMunfh&if; usKyfav MuufoD;awG wjzef;jzef;
xaerdw,f/ bk&m; bk&m;? &ifxJrSmvnf; armvkdufwmaemf/
bk&m;rBudKufwJh tvkyfukd bk&m;tcgcgw&if; usKyf vkyfcJhNyDaum/
usKyfav usKyf vufxJu "m;ukd Murf;jyifay: vTwfcs&if;
oufjyif;t&SnfBuD; csrdw,f/ tdrfeH&Hukd rSDxkdifNyD;
cPtarmajzaerdw,f/
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 117
olwkdYwpfawG jyefrvmcif tdrfa&SUcef;u aya&aewJh Murf;awGukd
okwfoif&Sif;vif;xm;&r,f/ ig;[if; tNyD; csufxm;&r,f/
[l;-b,fi&J b,fvkd BuD;BuD;? b,f0#f b,fvkdvdkufvkduf
cg;pnf;NyD;awmh cH&awmhrSmyJ &Sifa&U/ odMum;rif;BuD;u bmajymajym?
i&Jrif;BuD;u bmajymajym tckqkd&if usKyfom; usKyforD;uav;awG
'DuaeYtwGuf naepmukd ig;[if;eJY pm;&awmhr,fav/
Ä Ä Ä
(cs,f&D? 1990? rwf)
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 118
refusnf;ukd;yif
]]ukdrsdK;u uRefrukd odyfcspfwm}}
rat;jru ajymwwfonf/
]]uRefrtazu tarhukd odyfNyD;ESdyfpufwmyJ? t&ufvJaomuf?
zJvJ&kduf 'DMum;xJ tarhvkyfpm pm;aeNyD; tarhukdvJ &kdufcsifESufcsif
ao;w,f? tazhukd uRefr enf;enf;rS rcspfbl;? uRefr BuD;vm&if
a,musfm;r,lbl;vkdY qHk;jzwfxm;wm/ a,musfm;awG&JU arwåmukd uRefr
enf;enf;rS r,Hkbl;}}
xdktcgrsdkK;wGifawmh uRefr NyHK;rdygonf/ r,HkvQif bmhaMumifhrsm;
a,musfm;,lxm;ao;owHk; [k awG;&if; NyHK;aMumif;ukd rat;jruvnf;
odygonf/
]]ukdrsdK;ukdvJ uRefr r,Hkcsifygbll; tpfr&,f? 'gayrJh bmvkdYvJ
rodbl; ,HkoGm;w,f}}
]]bmukd ,HkwmvJ [if}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 119
]]olu uRefrukd wu,fcspfw,f? wu,fñ§mw,f? wpfoufvHk;
razmufrjym;eJY MuifMuifemem &Sdvdrfhr,f qkdwmawG ukdaygh tpfr&,f}}
rat;jru &SufNyHK;av;ESifh ajymonf/
rat;jr\ yifukd trlt&monf Zkd;Zkd;ZufZuf ESifh oGufvuf
xufjrufaomfvnf; xkdtcgrsdK;wGifawmh El;nHYNyD; aysmhaysmif;
oGm;wwfygonf/
]]ol uRefrukd pBudKufwkef;u uRefrtouf q,fh&SpfESpfyJ
&Sdao;wm? uRefru axGvDumvDawG rsm;aeawmh uRefr touf
ESpfq,fh&SpfESpfusrS vufxyfjzpfwm? 'DacwfBuD;xJrSm tpfr&,f
b,fa,musfm;u 'DavmufMumatmif ZGJaumif;rSmvJ}}
]][kwfyg&JU? ckjrif ckBudKuf ckuGJwJhacwfrSm q,fESpfawmif
ZGJaumif;aumif;eJU apmifhw,fqkdwm awmf&kHarwåmrS r[kwfwm}}
]]'gaMumifhrkdYvkdYvJ uRefr,Hkrdwmaygh tpfr&,f.....}}
uRefronf rat;jrukdMunfh&if; twGif;pdwfrS usdwfNyD;
tm;usaerdygonf/ trSeftwkdif; 0efcH&vQif tenf;i,fvnf; remvkd
jzpfrdygonf/ uRefr\cspfolonf rat;jra,musfm; ukdatmifrsdK;\
oHk;yHkwpfyHkom ZGJaumif;cJhvQif rnfrQaumif;avrnfenf; [k
0rf;enf;pdwfESifh awG;rdonf/ xkdokdYomqkdvQif uRefrvnf; tckvkd
wpfukd,fwnf; tysdKBuD; jzpfae&vdrfhrnf r[kwfygacs/
]]ighvluawmh[,f-eifhvkd q,fESpf r[kwfygbl;? rdbukd
vkyfauR;csifvkdY oHk;ESpfavmufapmifhyg qkdwm}}
]]rapmifhbl;vm; [if}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 120
]]rapmifhvkdY ighrSm 'Dvkd jzpfaewmaygh [Jh? wpfESpfavmufyJ
apmifh&ao;w,f? olwkdY&kH;u aumifrav;wpfa,mufeJY csdwfrdoGm;NyD;
jAKef;pm;BuD; vufxyfoGm;wmyJ}}
]]a[mawmh}}
rat;jru uRefrukd oem;ovkd Munfhaeygonf/ r&Sufwrf;
0efcH&vQif uRefruvnf; uRefrukd,fuRefr oem;ygonf/ ighES,f
at;at;aq;aq;xkdifNyD; a&TaygifcH? aiGwkd;pm;aewm tvum;ae&if;
rdbaus;Zl;ukd wHkYjyefrav;? bmav;eJY tcsdefqGJrdw,f[k
ukd,fhukdudk,fvnf; tjypfwif rqHk;atmif jzpfcJh&onf/
olvufxyfoGm;pOfu pdefESifh oHyk&myJ aomufcsifovkdvkd?
ppfukdif;acsmif ajy;NyD; r,foDv&SifyJ 0wfcsifovkdvkdESifh vl;NyD;
vdrfhaeatmif cHpm;cJh&ygonf/ tckawmhvnf;
bmrQrvkyfjzpfcJhonfukdyif ukd,fhukdukd,f aus;Zl;wifae&ygao;onf/
tcsdef [laom aq;q&mBuD;u uRefr\ &ifxJrStemukd aumif;rGefpGm
usufNyD; temaz;wufatmif ukpm;ay;cJhNyD; jzpfygonf/
]]eifh ukdrsdK;ua&m q,fESpfvHk;vHk; eifhukd ikwfwkwfxkdifNyD;
apmifhaewmyJvm;? 'DMum;xJrSm b,foleJYrS rcsdwfrdbl;vm;}}
]]'guawmh tpfr&,f? [kdaumifrav; 'Daumifrav; eJYawmh
enf;enf;yg;yg; &kd;wkd;&dyfwdyfuav; awGawmh &Sdwmaygh? 'gayrJh
olcspfwmu uRefr wpfa,mufwnf;ukdyg}}
]]aMomf...}}
]][kwfw,f? uRefrukdom r&&if olYb0 ysufpD;rSm}}
]]b,folu ajymovJ [if}}
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 121
]]ukdrsdK;u ajymwmaygh}}
]]aMomf...}}
]]olYtcspf? olYarwåmawGu wpfaeYwpfjcm; wkd;oxufom
wkd;vmr,f? b,fawmhrS avsmhroGm;bl;? ysufjy,f roGm;bl; wJh
odvm; tpfr&JU...}}
]]b,folYarwåmawGvJ [if}}
]]ukdrsdK;&JU arwåmawGav}}
]]aMomf...ukdrsdK;u ajymwmvm;}}
]]tif;aygh...tpfruvJ}}
rat;jru uRefrukd ]t} &efaum [laom tMunfhESifh
Munfhygonf/ olauR;aom vufzufokyfuav;u pm;í
aumif;aeaomaMumifh uRefrvnf; Nidrfaevkdufygonf/ 'Dvkd
tajymrsdK;av;awGukd uRefr\cspfolvnf; ajymcJhzl;aMumif;ukd jydKifNyD;
ajymjy raecsifawmhyg/
]]ukdrsdK;u odyfNyD; vufa&;vSwm}}
]][kwfvm;}}
]]uRefrwkdY q,fwef;ajzawmhav? uRefrtwGuf rSwfpkawGukd
'kdifcHNyD; ul;ay;wm? pma&;puúL tjyma&mifeJUav? &Sif;NyD;oefYaewmyJ?
tpfr MuufoGefaMumfav; xyfxnhfOD;r,fav}}
]]vufzufom;yg xnfhygat? eifhvufzufu qDpdrfNyD; ESyfxm;vkdY
xifyg&JU? tdNyD; eyfaewmyJ? pm;vkdYaumif;vkdufwm}}
]]ukdrsdK; BudKufwwfvkdYav tpfr&JU? MuufoGefjzL
i&kwfoD;pdrf;av;awGukd yg;yg;vSD;NyD; xnfhe,fxm;wm}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 122
]][kwfyg&JU arT;aewmyJ}}
rat;jru vufzufom;a&m taMumfyg xyfNyD; xnfhygonf/
pm;aumif;wkdif;pm;&vQif naepmyg vGwfawmhrnf/
]]xrif;Murf;av;rsm; r&Sdbl;vm;[,f? vufzufokyfeJY xrif;Murf;
qkdwm tifrwefvkdufwm}}
]]&r,f tpfr? &r,f}}
rat;jru aMumiftdrfxJrS xrif;Murf; ,lvmay;onf/
]]'Dvkdqkd naepmxrif;? apmapmcsufrS? ukdrsdK;uvJ tpfrvkdyJ
xrif;Murf; tifrwefMudKufw,f/ xrif;ylae&if rpm;csifbl;wJh/
olYtwGuf xrif;Murf; usefcsifusef rusef&if apmapmcsufay;&w,f/
'grS olpm;&if rat;awmifrS aEG;&kHyJ&Sdw,f}}
rat;jru em&DukdvSrf;MunfYonf/
rGef;vGJESpfem&Dyif &Sdao;aomfvnf; csufcsif;yif xNyD;
qefaq;onf/ rD;aoG;rD;zkdukd rD;arT;onf/
]]xrif;ukdom yl&if rBudKufwm? [if;usawmh ylrS tpfra&?
at;&if rBudKufjyefbl;}}
]]ukdrsdK;uvm;}}
]]tif;aygh? rD;aoG;rD;zkdqkdwm csufcsif;arT;vkdY &wmr[kwfbl;?
vQyfppfrD;zkdvJ r&Sdawmh odyfcufwmyJ? wpfcgwpfav bmrS wnfp&m
r&SdawmhbJeJY [if;aET;&if vG,fatmifvkdY rD;aoG;rD;zkdukd rD;rNidrf;ao;bJ
waiGYaiGYrQOf;NyD; xm;&w,f/ rD;aoG;odyfukefwm? rD;aoG;aps;uvJ
tpfrodwJhtwkdif;}}
]]atmifr,fav;? rD;aoG;zkd;ukd arwåmwefckd;eJY arhypfvkdufprf;}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 123
uRefru ajymawmh rat;jru [uf[ufyufyuf &,favonf/
]]arwåmu arwåm? rD;aoG;u rD;aoG; wpfjcm;pDyJ tpfr&JU?
arhvkdYr&bl;}}
rat;jr &,fvQif oGm;wufuav;ay:vmNyD; tawmfav;
cspfp&maumif;ygonf/ tdrfaxmifouf oHk;ESpfausmfNyD jzpfaomfvnf;
uav;r&ao;ojzifh ukd,fcE¨mtvSvnf; ravsmhyg;ao;acs/
uspfuspfvspfvspfESifh vSyEkysdKqJyif jzpfygonf/
]]eifwkdY uav;r,lao;bl;vm;}}
vufzufuvnf; pm;aumif;aumif;ESifhrkdY uRefru
at;at;aq;aq; pm;&if; pyfpkrdygonf/
naepm xrif;ukdawmh at;at;aq;aq;rS jyefcsufawmhrnf/
taruvnf; apmapmrqmwwf? uRefruvnf; rat;jraumif;rIESifh
qmyifqmawmhrnf r[kwf/ pdefaygif? a&Taygifolrsm; vmvQifvnf;
tar Munfhvkyfvdrfhrnf/ vkdvQif vSrf;ac:vdrfhrnf/
]]r,lao;wm r[kwfbl; tpfr&JU? r&ao;wm}}
]]uav;r&ao;&if raumif;bl; rat;jr&JU? jrefjref&atmifvkyf}}
]]bmjzpfvkdYvJ}}
]][-'gu tdrfaxmifNrJatmif vkyfwJhBudK;av;yJ[m? awmf&kHwef&kH
pum;rsm;wmayr,fh uav;r&SdwJh vifr,m;awGqkd uGJukefa&m?
axmufxm;p&m om;orD; r&Sdbl; r[kwfvm;}}
zkdcHkavmufqkdifxm;aom xif;&SL;pav;rsm;ay:okdY rD;jcpfqHukd
csvkdufonf/ [kwfceJ wufvmaom rD;awmufuav;rsm;ukd
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 124
awGY&onf/ rat;jru rD;aoG;cJ cyfwefwef uav;rsm;ukd tay:rS
tom wifvkdufonf/
]]uRefrwkdYvifr,m;uawmh &SifuGJ uGJp&m taMumif;r&Sdygbl;
tpfr&,f}}
rat;jru rD;awmuf0g0gav;ukd Munfh&if; ckdifrmpGm ajymonf/
]]zG[Jh-vGJygap y,fygap? aouGJ uGJ&ifawmifrS atmufcsif;iSuf
awGvkd vkdufaoypfrSm}}
]]tHr,f...t[kwfvm;}}
]]r&,fygeJY tpfr&JU? wu,fajymwmyg? olt&ifao&ifvJ
uRefrvkdufaorSmyJ? uRefr t&ifao&ifvJ olvkdufaorSmyJ}}
]]atmifr,fav;-&kdrD,dkeJY*sL;vd,uf aovkdY 0ifpm;Muwmvm; [}}
'Dwpfcgawmh vufzufrsufESm ukdyif raxmufEkdif? uRefr &,frd
ygawmhonf/ uRefr&,fawmh rat;jr\ rsufESmuav; &Jwuf
vmygonf/
]]wu,fajymwmyg tpfr&JU? [if;-r,Hk&if apmifhMunfhygvm;}}
]]rMunfhyg&apeJY rat;jr&,f? eifwkdYvJ b,folrS raoMuygeJYOD;}}
rat;jru rcHcsifjzpfvm[efESifh a&aEG;Murf;tkd;ukd aqmifhí
csvkdufygonf/ xkdYaemuf rodromav; rsufapmif;cJum EIwfcrf;plí
ajymonf/
]][if;-uRefru wu,fukd cPavmuf aojyvkdufcsifao;}}
Ä
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 125
aornfhaoawmhvnf; rat;jronf OD;aESmufaoG;aMum jywfum
jAKef;pm;BuD; aooGm;ygonf/ aojcif;w&m;onf cPavmufESifh
rauseyfwwfaMumif;? xm0&w&m;ukdom vufukdifxm;aMumif;
rat;jr awG;csdefyif&vkduf&JUvm; rod&yg/
tdrfcsif;uyfvsuf qkdawmhvnf; rat;jrqD uRefr
csufcsif;a&mufoGm;ygonf/ ylylaEG;aEG; aysmhaysmh aysmif;aysmif; yif
&Sdao;aom olYukd Munfh&onfrSm aoNyD[k ,HkEkdifp&myif r&Sdyg/
]]MunfhMuygOD;Asm? tdyfaewmrsm;vm;? arsmaewmrsm;vm;}}
ukdatmifrsdK;u rat;jrukd ayGYzufxm;&if; rcsdwifuJ
ajymaeonf/ uRefrvnf; olESifha&mum rsuf&nfNzdKifNzdKifus&if; ]uRefr
t&ifao&if olygvkdufNyD;aorSm} [k ajymcJhaom rat;jr\ pum;ukd
owd&ygonf/
]]vm aqGaqG vmprf;}}
uRefru tdrfa&SUrS aqGaqGukd vufukwfum ac:cJhNyD; rD;zkdacsmifrS
"m;awG uwfaMu;awGukd vkdufNyD;odrf;ckdif; 0Sufckdif; &ygonf/
]]aeOD;....aeOD;? olwkdYtdyfcef;xJu <uufavQmufrSmvJ
abvD,Hykvif; awGYcJhw,f? 0Sufxm;OD;rS/ tJ'gvJ tdyfaq;vkdyJ?
trsm;BuD;aomuf&if aowwfwmyJ [Jh? [kdaMumiftdrf atmufu
<uufowfaq;xifw,f? tJ'gvJ 0Sufxm;ygOD;}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 126
toufukdtEÅ&m,fay;Ekdifaom ypönf;[lorQ aq;[lorQ odrf;&
qnf;& 0Suf&ESifh uRefrwkdYwpfawGrSm rsufuvJqefysm jzpfaeygonf/
]]jr&,f.....jr&JU? armif b,fvkdaecJh&rvJ? armifwpfa,mufwnf;
raecJhbl;? jr aemufukdvkdufcJhr,f odvm;}}
a,musfm;&ifhrBuD;wefrJhESifh atmfíidkawmh uRefrrSm rsuf&nfyif
rqnfEkdifawmhyg/ aool rat;jr xuf usef&pfol ukdatmifrsdK;u
ykdNyD; oem;p&maumif;aeygonf/
rat;jrtacgif;ukd rD;oN*ØK[fpufxJoGif;awmh ukdatmifrsdK;u
vTwfray;bJ twif;qGJxm;onf/ olYvufukd twif;0kdif;ajzMuawmh
rsufjzLvefumwufoGm;onf/ olYukd0kdif;NyD; ajcrcsdK;Mu? b0ifzdMu?
,yfcwfMuESifhrkdY rD;oN*ØK[fpufxJ a&mufoGm;aom rat;jrukdyif
owdr&EkdifMuyg/
]]ukdrsdK;....ukdrsdK;.....owdxm;av? w&m;eJYajzrSaygh}}
uRefronf ukdatmifrsdK;ukd ,yfcwf&if; ikdoHESifh azsmif;zsrdonf/
]]olYukd vTwfrxm;eJYaemf? waphwapmif;av; tuJcwfaeOD;}}
aqGaqGu uRefrukd owday;ygonf/ aqGaqG\a,musfm;url
&,fcsifonfukd xdef;xm;aom rsufESmxm;ESifh NyHK;&kHyJ NyHK;onf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 127
]]wu,faocsif&if "m;awG tqdyfawG rvkdygbl;uGm?
rD;yvyfaygufxJ vufEdIufvkduf&if wpfcsufwnf;yJ}} [k ajymawmh
aqGaqGu olYa,musfm;\ aygifwGif;aMumukd vdrfqGJonf/
]]vrf;jypum; ajymraeeJY? awmfMum olwu,f owd&NyD;
vkyfoGm;OD;r,f}} [k qlonf/ nusawmh uRefru
abvD,Hykvif;xJwGif aq;av;ESpfjym;om csefum ukdatmifrsdK;ukd
jyefay;vkdufonf/
aemufaeY reufusawmh aq;ykvif;ukd Munfhrdonf/
aq;ravsmhyg/ olY crsm tdyfraysmfonfukdyif tdyfaq;aomufrtdyfbJ
ikwfwkwfxkdifNyD; rkd;vif;[efwlygonf/ rsuf&nft0Jom;ESifh
xkdifNyD;ai;aeojzifh uRefru ]]w&m;eJYajzaygh ukdrsdK;&,f}} [k
ajym&jyefonf/
ukdatmifrsdkK;onf oufjyif;BuD; [if;ceJcsum uRefrukd
ai;Munfhaeygonf/ xkdYaemuf ]]rat;jr&JU "mwfyHkawGukd jzKwfNyD;
odrf;ay;xm;prf;ygAsm? uRefawmf jrifae&&if raewwfbl;?
pdwfraumif;vGef;vkdY}} [k cyfwkd;wkd;ajymygonf/
wkdwkdESifhvkd&if;ukdom ajymygawmhrnf/
rat;jrqHk;NyD; ajcmufvcefYtMum owif;pmxJwGif
]ESpfOD;oabmwl vufxyfNyD;pD;jcif;} aMumfjimwpfckukd awGYMu&ygonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 128
]uRefawmf armifatmifrsdK; ESifh uRefr rcifNyHK;Munf} wkdY
jzpfMuygonf/
uRefr rat;jrukd owd&aeygonf/ ]]ukdrsdK;ukd uRefr
r,Hkcsifygbl; tpfr&,f? 'gayrJh bmvkdYvJ rodbl;? uRefr
,HkoGm;w,f}} [k &SufNyHK;av;ESifh ajymcJhyHkukd jrifa,mif Mum;a,mif
aeygonf/
uRefrvnf; aeYcif;wkdif tdrfvmvnfolwkdYukd vufzufyGJESifh
{nfYcH&OD;rnf/
]]uRefr olYukd r,Hkcsifygbl;&Sif? 'gayrJh bmvkdYvJ rodbll;?
,HkoGm;w,f}} vkdYvnf; ajym&OD;rnf/
Ä
ajymp&mwpfck usefoGm;ygonf/
uRefr\trnfrSm ]cifNyHK;Munf} jzpfygonf/
Ä Ä Ä
(&ifckefyGifh? trSwf 1)
Com
mercial
use o
f this b
ook w
ill be
at you
r OW
N RISK !
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 129
pkefa&
aomhcwfNyD; ydwfxm;aom tcef;onf ,cifu EGJYaecJhaom
tcef;jzpfonf/ xkdtcef;xJwGif EGJY\ t0wftpm;rsm;? tvSjyifypönf;
rsm;? pmtkyfrsm;ukdomru ,cifu {nfhcef;wGif ae&may;NyD;
csdwfcJhaom EGJY\ "mwfyHkrsm;? EGJY pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf tuGufazmfí
xkd;cJhaom Zmpm;yGJcif;rsm;? ukvm;xkdifpGyfrsm;ukdyg xnfhxm;onf/
wpfaeYwkef;uawmh zdeyfpifwGif arhusefcJhaom EGJY\ a'gufjrifhzdeyfrsm;
ukdyg tcef;xJ oGif;ckdif;vdkufonf/
]]olwkdYwpfawG 'Davmufawmif pdwfemaew,f qkd&ifvJ
'Dypönf;awGukd bmvkdYrsm; tdrfrSm xm;ae&ao;vJ a':a':at;&,f?
ay;csifvJ ay;ypfvkduf? vTifhypfcsif&ifvJ tjywfvTifhypfvkdufa&m aygh}}
a':at;arESifh tprf; wkdYESpfa,muf cyfwkd;wkd; pum;wif;
qkdonfukdMum;awmh tefwDpkESifhtefwDEkonf wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; qwfceJ
vSrf;MunfhrdMuonf/ xkdYaemuf NydKifwlyif zswfceJ rsufpdjyefvTJvkdufMu
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 130
onf/ ]]tkd-BuHBuD;pnf&m ay;ypfvkdY? b,fjzpfrSmvJ? awmfMumae
EGJYjyefvm&if}} [k csufcsif; awG;vkdufrdMuaMumif; wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;
todrcHEkdifay/
]]ewfjynfqGJwifwm zifat;w,fqkdNyD; ckefqif;wJhaumifr?
tarqHk;uwnf;u EkdYbl;wkdufNyD; ykd;arG;ovkd arG;vmcJh&wJh aus;Zl;awG
ukdawmif enf;enf;av;rS raxmufxm;wJh aumifr? eifrjzwfEkdifvkdY
rjywfcsifae? iguawmh wpfouftjywfyJ}}
tefwDpku rMumcPyif a'gESifharmESifh ajymwwfonf/
]]tHrmav; av;? Eku rrpk rjywfEkdifrSmom pkd;&drfae&wm? Eku
emrnfom Ekwm? tonf;uawmh rmovm;rar;eJY rrpka&U?
'Dwpfoufrubl;? a[m'DrSm q,fouf q,fouf jywfw,f
atmufarh}}
tefwDEku vufq,facsmif; axmifjyum cyfrmrm
jyefajymwwfonf/
EGJYwpfa,muf olYcspfol\aemufokdY aumufaumufygatmif
vkdufoGm;cJhaom xkdaeYukdawmh a,mifíyif jyefrawG;csif/ olwdkYESpfOD;\
&ifxJwGif rD;[kef;[kef;avmifum rsuf&nfawGawG uscJhMu&onf/
aphpyfzkkdY &ufowfrSwfxm;NyD jzpfaom owkdYom;avmif;av;ESifhwuG
olYrdbrsm;ukd tm;emrsufESmyl&onfu wpfrsdK;? ]]uRefrwkdYwlruav;u
uRefrwkdY oabmwpfckwnf;yg? ta':awGu jzLqkd&ifjzL
rnf;qkd&ifrnf;? b,fawmhrS qefYusifwm r[kwfbl;}} [k
acgif;warmharmhESifh tajymBuD; xm;cJhavorQ t&SufBuD;vHk;vHk;uGJum
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 131
ywf0ef;usifukd rsufESmrjy&Jonfu wpfzHkESifhrkdY ESpfOD;pvHk; aoG;awG
w'kdif;'kdif;wkd;um tdyf&may: ypfvJcJhMuonf/
olwkdYESpfOD; t&kyfBudK;jywfjzpfNyD; tm;aq;awG bmawG
oGif;ae&aom umvwGif EGJY wpfcga&mufvmao;onf/ ]]tefwDwkdY
aeaumif;&JUvm;vkdY}} [k r&Jw&Jav;ajympOf ]]tHrmav;-rda&TEGJY&,f?
usKyfwkdYukd bmrsm; xyfESdyfpufcsifao;vkdYvJ? tarGrsm;&r,fvkdY
atmufarhvkdYvm;? r&bl;a[h aemf r&bl;}} [k oHNydKifatmfrdMuonf/
EGJYonf olwkdYukd wdwfqdwfpGm ai;Munfh&if; rsuf&nfawG
&pf0kdif;vmonf/ ]]EGJY tarGrrufygbl;}} [k ikd½IdufoHESifh ajymonf/
xkdYaemuf tcef;xJrS tomav; jyefxGufoGm;avonf/
]]tif;-rdEGJY rdEGJY? oif;uvJ rmetkd;yJuvm;}}
EGJYonf oloGm;pOfu 0wfvsufygoGm;aom a&TqGJBudK;? pdefqGJjym;
ESifh pdefvufpGyf wkdYukdyg jzKwfNyD; xrif;csuf a':at;arvufxJokdY
jyefay;ypfcJhonf/ ypönf;awGxkyfxnfhxm;aom pm&GufvGwfwGif ]]EGJY
bmypönf;rS rrufbl;? bm tarGukdrSvnf; rarQmfukd;bl;?
ukd,fhtay:rSm tart&if;vkd jyKpkcJhwJh ta':awGukd
cspfwJhpdwfwpfckwnf;eJY EGJY vmcJhwmyg? aemufaemif rvmawmhygbl;}}
[k a&;xm;cJhao;onf/
]]rr,korD;u rr,kvkd vmwmygyJvm; EkEk&,f}}
olYpmukd zwfNyD;awmh tefwDpk rsuf&nfusonf/
]]ukd,fhtay:rSm tart&if;vkd jyKpkcJhwJh ta':awGukd
cspfwJhpdwfwJh-tHrmav; av rdEGJY&,f? nnf; igwkdYukdcspf&if vlMum;xJ
rsufESmrjy&Javmufatmif bmvkdY t&SufcGJ&ovJ}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 132
tefwDEku olykdufxm;aom acgif;tHk;BuD;ukd EGJYtrSwfESifh
xkumxkum ajym&if; ikdonf/ ]]rr,ka&-tarwl orD;BuD;ukd
vmMunfhygOD;}} [k wrvGefrS tpfrukd vSrf;íwrf;wonf/
EGJY\rdcifonf vlBuD;rdb oabmrwlaom olYcspfolaemufokdY
EGJYvkdyif vkdufoGm;cJhzl;ol jzpfonf/ tdrfu tarGjywfaMumfjimawmh
olYwGif ygoGm;aom a&TqGJBudK;av;ukd jzKwfNyD; vlBuHKESifh
jyefykdYvkdufao;onf/
]]tppt&m&m vkdav;ao;r&Sd jynfYpHkwJhb0rSm aecJh&wJholyJuG,f?
qif;&JwJh'Pfukd MumMumcHEkdifrSm r[kwfygbl;}}
ararwkdYu rr,kwpfa,muf rsufESmatmufcsNyD;
jyefvmrnfhtcsdefukd apmifhcJhMuonf/ okdYaomf olYcspfol\rsufESmukd
wpfurÇmxifaeaom rr,ku qif;&JcsdKUwJhjcif;'Pfukd tNyHK;rysuf
onf;cHEkdifcJhonf/ rdbqDokdYjyefvmNyD; vuf0g;jzefY&ef
vHk;0pdwfrul;cJhay/
]]rdbukd b,fvkdyJ tmcH tmcH? aorif;ukdawmh oif;uav; tm
rcHEkdifawmhygvm; orD;&,f}}
EGJYukd arG;NyD; rD;wGif;xJrSmyif rr,k qHk;yg;oGm;awmh araru
csHK;yGJcsíikdcJhonf/ t&l;wpfykdif;jzpfaeaom rr,k\cifyGef;ukd
]]w&m;eJYom ajzayawmhuG,f? 'Db0 'DavmufyJ a&pufygwmukd;?
awGYBuHKqHkuGJ oHo&mc&D;onfawGyJ r[kwfvm;}} [k w&m;ESifh
ajzodrfh&if; olukd,fwkdif rsuf&nfrqnfEkdifatmif &SdcJhonf/
EGJYuav; oHk;vorD;cefY wGifum; rr,k\ cifyGef;onf
omoemhabmifokdY tNyD; 0ifa&mufoGm;avonf/ 'Dawmhvnf;
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 133
cifarpkESifhcifarEk nDtpfrESpfazmfu ykvkauG;av; wlri,fuav;ukd
acs;uvl ao;uvl jyKpk,k,cJhMu&onf/ rdcifrJhorD;av; &,fvkdY
toem;ykdum rsufESmwpfcsuf tñd§K;rcHbJ tvkdvkdufum tBudKuf
aqmifcJhMuonf/
]]ckawmh tvkdvkdufcJhorQukd oif;u trkdufapmfum;oGm;NyDav}}
tefwDpkwkdY pyf[yfxm;aom owkdYom;avmif;uav;u
rsdK;aumif;&kd;aumif; acwfynmwwf EkdifiHjcm;jyeft&m&Sduav;
jzpfonf/ ,Ofaus;zG,f&molwpfa,mufvnf; jzpfonf/ EGJY\cspfolu
EGJYESifh wuúokdvfwGif wpfwef;wnf;wufaeolrkdY bGJUyif
r&wwfao;ay/ qif;&JcsdKUwJhol[k rajymEkdifaomfvnf;
csrf;csrf;omomxJu r[kwfonfum; usdef;aoonf/ t&m&Sdjzpf&ef
EkdifiHjcm;jyef jzpf&efum; tawmfBuD;ukd tvSrf;a0;ao;olwpfOD;
jzpfavonf/
]]tif;-cspfolrsufESm wpfurÇmxifNyD; rkd;rjrif avrjrif
aysmfxm;vkdufOD; rdEGJYa&/ onfqDaps; onfqefaps; eJY 0ifaiGwpfjym;rS
r&Smwwfao;bJ oif;wkdY b,favmuf aysmfEkdifrvJ? igwkdY
apmifhMunfhaew,f/ wpfa,mufrsufESmwpfa,muf Munfh&if;
xrif;rqmbl; qkd&ifvJ b,favmuf Mumatmif rqmbJ rpm;bJ
aeEkdifrvJ....[if;....[if;}}
tefwDpku Budrf;onf/
wpfaeYaeYwpfcsdefcsdefwGif EGJYonf ol\rmeukd
tomab;csdwfxm;NyD; rsufESmatmufcsvsuf a&mufvmvdrfhrnf[k
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 134
tefwDpk arQmfvifhaeonf/ xkdokdY jzpfap&efukdvnf; odpdwfa&m?
rodpdwfa&m uyg tNrJ qkawmif;aerdonf/
]]tJ'DtcgusrS nnf;bmvkdcsifvkdYvmwmvJ vkdY ar;ypfvkdufr,f}}
awG;&onfESifhyif tawmfBuD;t&om&SdaeNyD[k tefwDpk xifonf/
EGJYikdaomtcg pdrf;pdrf;um;um; MunfYNyD; ]][if;-rkdufvkdufwJh
cifarEGJY&,f? vlBuD;awG vufeJYa&;wmukd ajceJYzsufOD;av? tckawmh
ESmacgif;usnfayGY awGYvmNyD r[kwfvm;}} [k ajymypfvkduf&rnf/
]]olwkdYESpfa,mufvHk; tvkyftukdifr&SdbJ b,favmufMumMum
aeEkdifrvJ/ aumifav;bufu b,favmufMumatmif
auR;xm;EkdifrvJ/ [if;....[if;? apmifhMunfh&OD;r,f}}
tefwDEkuvnf; ykwD;wacsmufacsmufpdyf&if; ajymwwfonf/
]]iguawmh tcsdefukdyJ apmifhaew,fa[h? tJ'DtcgusrS rdEk
nnf;tonf;u aysmhroGm;eJYaemf}}
tefwDpkuajymvQif tefwDEku rcHEkdifovkd cyfus,fus,f
jyefatmfwwfonf/
]][if;-a0;ao; a0;ao;? rdEkwkdYu bl;qkd&if z&kHroD;awmhbl;
rSwf}}
Ä
olwkdYapmifhaeaom xkdwpfaeYum; awmfawmfESifh a&mufrvmcJhacs/
EGJYxGufoGm;onfrSm wpfESpfausmfaeNyD jzpfaomfvnf; olwkdYarQmfvifhovkd
]]EGJYrSm;ygNyD tefwDwkdY&,f}} [k ajymvmcJhjcif; r&Sdao;acs/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 135
wpfaeYwkef;uawmh xrif;csuf a':at;ar aps;rSjyefvmonfrSm
cgwkdif;vkd NyHK;NyHK;&Tif&Tif r&SdvS[k tefwDpk xifonf/ cgwkdif;qkdvQif
]]rrpka&-ig;jrif;u wpf&mhig;q,faps;wJh? ig;z,fjcpf uawmh
wpf&mhESpfq,faps;av? 'geJY ig;Muif;taumifBuD;om;ukdyJ
ckepfq,faps;eJY 0,fvmw,f? &Srf;eHeHav;tkyfNyD; qDjyefcsufay;r,f?
aemufNyD; *sL;jrpfcsOf&nfav; csufr,faemf? uom wnif;BuD;awGuvJ
aumif;vkdufwmav? rrwkdYu aoG;wkd;&SdaewmeJY r0,fawmhbl;}}
ponfjzifh a0a0qmqm ajymavh&Sdaomfvnf; onfwpfcgawmh
qGJjcif;ukd pdwfrygvufryg qGJNyD; rD;zkdacsmifokdY cyfikdifikdif
0ifoGm;onf/ raeEkdifaom tefwDpku ]]a':at;ar bm&cJhwHk;}} [k
ar;awmh ]]Muufom;}} [k cyfwkdwkd ajzoGm;avonf/
]]ol bmrsm;jzpfvkdYygvdrfh}}
0rf;wGif;rS0ifvmaom txnfrsm;ukd pm&if;rSwfaeaom tefwDpku
MumMumraeEkdif? rSwfvufppm&if;ukd NyD;atmif cyfjrefjrefa&;vkdufNyD;
rD;zkdbufokdY vmcJhrdonf/
]]aps;xJrSm EGJYukd awGYcJhw,f odvm;}}
cyfwkd;wkd;ajymvkdufaom a':at;ar\toHukd Mum;&onfhtwGuf
rD;zkdacsmifwHcg;0okdY a&mufaeaom tefwDpkonf tomav;
aemufjyefqkwfvkdufonf/
]]rrEGJYvm;}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 136
i&kyfoD;axmif;aeaom tprf;u wkd;wkd;av; jyefar;onf/
]]tif;aygh? oluawmh ighukdrjrifbl;? c&rf;csOfoD;a&G;aewm..[if;
..}}
a':at;aru oufjyif;csonf/ jcif;awmif;xJrS Muufom;ukd
'eftkd;xJ aumufxnfYvkdufonf/
]]olYrSm ukd,f0ef&SdaeNyD}}
a':at;ar\toHu wkd;aomfvnf; tefwDpkurl olYem;0wGif
uyfNyD; AHk;uGJoGm;onf[k xifvkdufrdonf/
]]aumifrav;Munfh&wm ig pdwfraumif;bl;[,f? cgwkdif;
qef;qkdorQ cg;ay:wifaewJholu tckawmh EGrf;EGrf;e,fe,f
&Sdvkdufwm? aemufNyD; olYwpfoufeJYwpfukd,f b,fwkef;ursm;
aps;oGm;zl;vkdYvJ? a&Tay:jrwif aevm&wJholu tckawmh
c&rf;csOfoD;onfukd ]ykdykdomomav; csdefyg tpfr&,f} vkdY
avaysmhav;eJY ajymae&w,fav}}
,drf;ceJ rl;oGm;onfhtwGuf tefwDpkonf eH&Hukd vufESifh vSrf;í
axmufxm;vkduf&onf/
]rSwfyvm;[Jh rdEGJY} [k olYpdwfxJrS a&&Gwf vkdufaomfvnf;
olarQmfvifhcJhovkd 0rf;yef;wom rjzpfonfhtwGuf olYukd,fol
tHhMoaerdonf/
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 137
]]ukd,f0efu odyf&ifhaeNyDvm; [if}}
]]tif;-igvJ odyfawmh rrSef;wwfbl;[Jh? ylawmh ylaewmyJ}}
]]tefwDpkwkdYuvnf; aeEkdifvkdufwmaemf}}
]]aMomf-tcspfBuD;awmh trsufBuD;wmaygh? wu,fhwu,fu
olwkdYwlrukd olwkdY rsdKxm;rwwfcspfwmyg}}
wHcg;uG,fwGif &yfaeaom tefwDpku acgif;ndwfonf/
[kwfygonf/ EGJYukd olwkdY rsdKxm;rwwf cspfcJhygonf/
]]rrEGJY&JUtar uav;arG;&if; aooGm;wmqkd [kwfvm;
a':a':at;}}
]]tif;-[kwfw,f}}
tefwDpkonf tomuav; aemufqkwfum jyefxGufvmcJhonf/
&ifxJwGif vpf[mum uwkefu,if jzpfcsifaeonfhtwGuf tdyfcef;xJ
0ifvmum tdyf&may:vSJaevkdufonf/ EGJUonf &kyf&nfomru pdwfae
pdwfxm;yg olYrdcifESifhwlol jzpfonf/ olYrdcifvkdyif acgif;rmonf/
pdwfBuD;onf/ rmeBuD;onf/ olYrdcifvkdyif vlBuD;rdb\ oabmukd
ypfy,fonf/ cspfolaemufokdY aumufaumufygatmif vkdufonf/
xkdYaemuf olYrdcifvkdyif uav;rD;zGm;&if;...../
Ä
]bk&m;....bk&m;}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 138
tefwDpku w'def;'def;jrnfvmaom ESvkH;om;ukd vufESifh
tomzd&if; bk&m;wvkdufrdonf/ xkdYaemuf acgif;tHk;atmufrS
pdyfykwD;ukd vSrf;NyD; qGJ,lum ykwD;pdyfonf/ ykwD;pdyf&if; rr,k
taMumif; awG;vkduf? EGJYtaMumif;awG;vkdufESifh pdwfukd wnfjidrfatmif
rxdef;Ekdif/ ]uav;rD;zGm;&if; olYtarvkd wpfckckrsm; jzpfoGm;&if....
bk&m;.... bk&m;} [k aomujzpfvkduf? ]tarwif rubl; orD;
vufxufxd xif&mvkyfwJh trsdK;awG 'ku©ukday;vkdY rqHk;Edkifbl;} [k
a'gojzpfvkdufESifh acgif;awGukdufum aoG;wkd;vmonfh twGuf
aoG;usaq; xaomuf vkduf&onf/
xkdaeYwpfaeYvHk; tefwDpk acgif;awGtHkaeonf/ &ifawGckefaeonf/
txnfpm&if;rsm;ukdvnf; qufrrSwfEkdif? pdyfaeust"dXmefykwD;rsm;vnf;
rNyD;/
]]rrpk aeraumif;bl;vm;}}
naebuf qkdifodrf;NyD; jyefvmaom tefwDEku ar;onf/
olukd,fwkdifvnf; rsufESmraumif;acs/
]]acgif;awG ukdufvkdufwm tprf;a&? oHyk&m&nfat;at;
wpfcGufavmuf azsmfay;prf;[,f}} [k ajymNyD; tdyf&may:vSJum
rsufpdukd pHkrSdwfxm;onf/
]]tefwDEk oHyk&m&nf}}
]]at;....at;....xm;cJh}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 139
oHyk&m&nf&aomfvnf; csufcsif;xraomufEkdif? tdyf&mxJwGif
qufíacGaeonf/ twefMum ]EkEkMunfh&wm tawmfarmvmyHkyJ? EGJY
taMumif; rajymao;ygbl;av....} [k tefwDpku awG;onf/ awmfMum
]rrpku ckuwnf;u aysmhcsifaeNyDvm;} [k ajymvmvQif oluvnf;
cHcsifrnf r[kwf/
]]oHyk&m&nfav; aomufvkdufav EkEk}}
]][kwfuJh}}
]]rdw¬Dvmu txnfawGa&m a&muf&JUvm;}}
tefwDpk\ar;cGef;ukd tefwDEku pdwf0ifpm;yHkr&/
]]rrpk...}}
]]at;....}}
]]ckewkef;u olYukd vSrf;jrifvkdufw,f}}
tefwDEku tefwDpktm; rMunfhbJ rsufESmMuufukd armhMunfh&if;
cyfwkd;wkd; ajymonf/
]]ukd,f0efBuD;eJYvm;}} [k jyefar;onf/ tefwDEku tefwDpktm;
cyfvTJvTJMunfh&if;....
]]rrpka&m awGYvkdYvm;}}
]]a':at;ar ajymaewm Mum;wm....}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 140
]]tif;....}}
tefwDEku oufjyif;csum NidrfoGm;onf/ bwfpfum;rSwfwkdifwGif
&yfaeaom EGJYukd olu um;ay:rS vSrf;jrifvkduf&jcif; jzpfonf/
xkd;qkdufvmaom um;qDokdY pkNyHKajy;Muaom vlrsm;ukd pdwfysuf
tm;avsmhpGm ai;Munfhaeonf/
]]ukd,f0efBuD;wpfzufeJY trsm;vkdvJ rajy;Ekdif? trsm;vkdvJ rwkd;Ekdif?
tJ'DrSwfwkdifrSm ol b,favmufMumatmif qufNyD; &yfae&rvJ
rodbl;}}
tefwDEku oufjyif;csrdjyefonf/ yifyef;NyD; EGrf;e,fae[ef&Sdaom
EGJYukdawGY&vQif olYpdwfxJwGif tm;&NyD; auseyfoGm;vdrfhrnf[k
xifcJhaom txifonf rSm;aeaMumif; tHhMopGm od&onf/
]]EkEk....}}
tefwDpku ac:onf/ xkdYaemuf cyfqqar;onf/
]]eif pdwfraumif;jzpfaevm;}}
tefwDEku tefwDpktm; pl;pl;prf;prf; vSrf;Munfhonf/
]]rrpka&m....}}
tefwDEku jyefar;onf/ tefwDpku rajzacs/
Ä
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 141
]]EGJY Munfh&wm tm;enf;aeovkdyJ? tm;aq;vJ aomuf&JUvm;
rodygbl;[,f....}}
]]aMomf-tm;aq;wpfykvif;vJ b,favmufay;&rSef;rS rodwm....}}
]]t&ifwkef;u a,mu©reJY vkdufaewm tqifrajybl; xifyg&JU
tprf;&,f? tckawmh olwkdY oyfoyfiSm;aewJh tdrfcef;usOf;usOf;av;rSm
wpfa,mufwnf; ikwfwkwfxkdifNyD; uav;tuÐsav;awG csKyfae&Smw,f}}
]]olYa,musfm;u tvkyf&NyDvm; [if}}
]]tif;....'gayrJh aeYpm;yJ &Sdao;wm....}}
tckawmh tefwDpkonf rD;zkdacsmifwHcg;tuG,fwGif &yfNyD;
em;axmifwwfaeNyDjzpfonf/ xkdYaemuf tomav; jyefvSnfhum
tdyfcef;xJ yufvufukvm;xkdifwGif NidrfNidrfav; xkdifaewwfonf/
a':at;aru aps;oGm;wdkif; EGJYESifh awGYvmonf/ EGJY
i,fi,fuwnf;u tefwDpkwkdYESifhtwl csDykd;xdef;odrf;vmaom
tdrfawmfyg xrif;csufBuD;rkdY olu EGJYtay: oHa,mZOfBuD;vSonf/
]]oluawmh ighawGYwkdif; ar;&Smygw,f? tefwDpk aeaumif;&JUvm;?
tefwDEk aeaumif;&JUvm;eJY....}}
]]tefwDpkwkdYuvnf; aeEkdifvkdufwm vGefa&m....}}
]]igav 'DtaMumif;ukd ajymjycsifvkdufwm? 'gayrJh ig ajymrS
aoG;wkd;awG wufvmNyD; q&m0ef ac:&jyef&ifvJ 'ku©}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 142
tefwDpku yifhouf&SdKufonf/ ,ckvnf; wHcg;uG,fu &yfí
&yfí em;axmif&if; aoG;usaq;awG aomufae&onfukdawmh
a':at;ar rod&Smay/
]]uav;uvnf; arG;&awmhr,f? a,mu©reJYvJ tqifrajy?
ulnDjyKpkay;r,fh axG;awmfrdBuD;&,fvkdY wpfa,mufrS r&Sd? igawmh
pdwfraumif;ygbl; [,f....}}
]]uRefrwkdY wdwfwdwfoGm;NyD; jyKpkMur,fav....}}
]]a[;a[;....nnf;tefwDpk odoGm;rS ig;yg;rubl;? q,fyg;
arSmufoGm;r,f}}
ckwpfavm tefwDpk vHk;0 pdwfrNidrfawmhacs/ EGJY\ukd,f0ef
&ifhrmvmNyDqkdav olYpdwfawG vIyf&Sm;av jzpfaeonf/
wpfaeYwkef;uawmh EGJYonf tESD;ESifhxkyfxm;aom uav;eDwm&Jav;ukd
olYvufxJ vmxnfhNyJD; ]]EGJYukd,fpm; apmifha&Smufay;ygaemf}} [k
ikd½IdufoHESifh ajymonf[k tdyfruf rufonf/ xkdYaemuf tomuav;
aemufqkwfum xGufoGm;onf/ olu uav;av;ukd ydkuf&if; ]EGJYa&
EGJYa&....}} ESifh pdwfylyefpGm pkd;&drfBuD;pGm ac:aepOf tefwDEku
olYukdvmí EId;onf/
]]rrpk....tdyfrufrufaevm;}}
]]tif;....}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 143
olu oufjyif;&Snfukd qGJícsonf/ xkdtdyfrufukd qufí rruf
jzpfatmif vmí EdI;aom tefwDEkukdvnf; tawmfav;
aus;Zl;wifrdonf/
]]rrpk aeaumif;&JUvm;}}
]]eifa&m....tdyfraysmfbll;vm;}}
]]tif;....tdyfvkdYr&bl;}}
]]qkdifxGuf&wmvJ yifyef;om;[,f}}
]]'gaMumifhvJ r[kwfygbl;? wpfoufvHk;xGufvmwJh qkdifyJ[m}}
tefwDEku tdyf&mrSxum vrf;avQmufonf/ jywif;aygufzGifhum
&yf&if; toufjyif;jyif;½SLum touf½SLavhusifhcef; vkyfaeonf/
]]q,fhESpfem&Dawmif ausmfaeNyD? eifwpfa&;rS
tdyfraysmfao;bl;vm;}}
]]tif;....}}
]]aq;aomufNyD; tdyfvkdufygvm; EkEk&,f....}}
tefwDEkonf tefwDpktm; awGawGa0a0 vSrf;Munfhonf/
olwkdYESpfa,mufvHk; EGJYukd owd&aeMuaomfvnf; xkdokdY
owd&aeaMumif;ukd wpfa,mufESifhwpfa,muf odaeMuaomfvnf;
EIwfrS zGifhajym&ef 0efav;aeMuonf/ olu pajymEkd;? igu
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 144
pajymEkd;ESifh wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; apmifhaerdMuonf/ aemufawmhvnf;
ESpfOD;pvHk; EGJUukd owdr&csif[efaqmifum tdyf&mxJ jyef0ifMuonf/
tefwDpku xGufouf0ifoufukd rSwfonf/
tefwDEku ykwD;pdyfonf/
ysHUvGifhaeaompdwfukd csKyfxdef;&ef BudK;pm;&if; aemufqHk;awmh
tdyfaysmfoGm;Muonf/
Ä
we*FaEGaeYreuf tdyf&mEkd;vmawmh ESpfOD;pvHk; acgif;xJwGif
rMunfvifMuay/ aps;ydwfaomaeYjzpfojzifh tefwDEku rsufESmopf
aumfzDaomufNyD;rS pdwfat;vufat; jyeftdyfaeonf/ tefwDpkuawmh
bk&m;x&Sdckd;NyD; arwåmykdY trQtwef;a0onf/
olwkdYESpfOD;omru a':at;arvnf; aeraumif;ay/ xkdYaMumifh
reufaps;oGm;&eftwGuf tprf;ukd wm0efay;&onf/ tprf;u
aps;a&mufvQif rkefY[if;cg;qkdif t&ifajy;xkdifNyD; olYAkdufukdom
oltvsifjznfholjzpfonf/ wpfcgwpf&Hvnf; tuÐscsKyfqkdif 0ifNyD;
tuÐstyf&if; avaygaewwfao;onf/ xkdYaMumifhvnf; a':at;aru
tprf;rkdYvkdY aps;vTwf&vQif ]]nnf; aps;xJrSm tdrfaxmifusNyD;
uav;wpfa,mufarG;NyD;rS jyefrvmeJYaemf}} [k ajymvTwfwwfavonf/
]]tif;....tckvJ aps;xJrSm tdrfaxmifusaeNyD xifw,f}}
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 145
tefwDpku awG;onf/ bl;oD;ig;aygif;aMumfuav; pm;csifpdwf&Sdí
rSmvkdufonfrSmvnf; naepmusrS aygif;ípm;&awmhrnf xifonf[k
pdwfcsOfaygufaygufESifh awG;rdonf/
okdYaomf onfwpfcgawmh tefwDpk tawG;rSm;oGm;onf/ tprf;u
aps;jcif;awmif;qGJum cyfokwfokwfjyefvmonf/ okdYaomf
olYjcif;awmif; xJwGif bmrQygrvmacs/
]][Jh-eif bmrSr0,fcJhbl;vm;}}
tdrf0rS qD;ar;aom tefwDpktm; cyfayay cyfawGawG
vSrf;MunfhNyD; acgif;cgjyonf/
]]tprf;-eifbmjzpfvmvJ}}
&kwfw&uf pdwfwkdoGm;aom tefwDpku aigufvkdufaomtcg
tprf;u rsuf&nfawG vnfvmonf/
]]rrEGJYukd nu aq;&kHykdYvkduf&w,fwJh}}
]][,f-bmuav; arG;owJhwHk;}}
tefwDpku vTwfceJar;um xkdifae&mrS ckefxvkdufrdonf/ EGJY
ukd,f0ef&Sdaeonfukdvnf;aumif;? arG;cgeD;NyD jzpfaMumif;ukdvnf;aumif;
rodcsif[efaqmifae&ef arhavsmhoGm;onf/
]]rarG;Ekdifao;bl;wJh? ñ§pftm;r&Sdbl;wJh? AdkufcGJcsif cGJ&r,fwJh....}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 146
olYvufxJrS jcif;awmif;ukd ypfcsvkduf&if; tprf;u ikdoHygBuD;ESifh
ajymonf/ tefwDpkonf ukvm;xkdifvuf&ef;ukd wif;wif;usyfusyf
ukdifxm;vdkufrdonf/ ol&yfaeaom Murf;jyifonf ,drf;cgNyD;
&kwfw&uf edrfhqif;oGm;onf[kvnf; xifvkdufonf/
]]rrEGJYu ydefydefuav;&,f? aysmhaysmhuav;&,f? tm;vJr&Sdbl;?
bmtm;aq;rSvJ raomufEkdifbl;? tm;&SdwmvJ rpm;Ekdifbl;?
tck....tck....AkdufcGJvkdYrcHEkdif&if....}}
]]awmfprf;....tprf;....awmfprf;}}
{nfYcef;xJokdY &kwfw&uf a&mufvmaom tefwDEku
wtm;atmfvkdufonf/ olYrsufESmonf aoG;a&mifvTrf;um
EIwfcrf;rsm;u wqwfqwfwkefaeonf/
]]EkEkuawmh pdwfqkd;aewkef; xifyg&JU? 'gayrJh iguawmh
raeEkdifbl;? EGJYrSm tultnDvkdaeNyD? ypfxm;vkdY rjzpfawmhbl;} /
tefwDpkonf olYwpfukd,fvHk; at;pufvmonf[k xifvkdufrdonf/
olYpdwfukd olwif;um EIwfcrf;ukdzdí ukdufvkdufonf/
EkEkatmfvQifvnf; oljyefatmfrnf/ roGm;vkdYawmh rjzpf/
]]tprf;....}}
aMumifai;ai; &yfaeaom tprf;tm; Munfhum tefwDEku
pdwfr&Snfovkd atmfonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 147
]]eif....bmvkyfaewmvJ? roGm;ao;bl;vm;}}
tprf;u oufjyif;wpfcsufcsum rD;zkdbufokdY wGefYqkwfqkwfESifh
xGufoGm;onf/
]]t....prf;....}}
tefwDEku a'gowBuD; atmfjyefonf/
]]eif....b,foGm;rvkdYvJ}}
]]rD;....zkd xJukd....}}
]]'DtcsdefrSm eifu rD;zkdacsmifoGm;NyD; bmvkyfrvkdYvJ? oGm;....
tiSm;um;wpfpD;ukd oGm;iSm;? r& &wJh um;ukdiSm;?
awmif;oavmufaps;ukd ay;cJh}}
tprf;\ rsufESmonf 0if;ceJjzpfoGm;onf/ csmceJ vSnfhum
tdrfay:rS wpf&Sdefxkd;qif;ajy;onf/
]]rrpk....}}
tefwDEku cyfwkd;wkd;ac:onf/
]]EkEkukd pdwfqkd;csifoavmufqkd;? EkEkawmh 'Dtwkdif; MunfhraeEkdif
awmhbl;}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 148
tefwDpk\ &ifxJwGif wvSyfvSyfjzpfvmonf/
olYukd awmif;yefovkdMunfhaeaom tefwDEktm; rsuf&nfawG
a00g;aeaom rsufvHk;rsm;ESifh vSrf;Munfhonf/ ]]pdwfrqdk;ygbl;uG,f}]
[k EIwfrSajymvQif ikdoHygoGm;rnfpkd;í acgif;ukdom oGufoGufBuD;
,rf;jyvkdufrdavonf/
Ä Ä Ä
(tdyfrufzl;? trSwf 7? 1989)
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 149
qefa&
rwfaom avSum;usOf;usOf;uav;\ atmufqHk;xpfwGif&yfNyD;
tay:bufukd armhMunfhvdkufvQif bmukdrQ oJoJuGJuGJ rjrif&atmif
arSmifaewwfonf/ opfom;jym; avSum;xpfrsm;u tv,fwGif
twefi,fnTwfaeNyD/ zkefawG oJawGESifh w&Syf&Syf jzpfaeonf/
eH&HwGifuyfí wG,fxm;aom oHykdufvHk;vuf&ef;url tm;,lí
qGJzefrsm;ojzifh weJYeJYvIyfcsifaeNyD jzpfonf/ ESpfy&dapä'MumjrifhvSNyD
jzpfaomaMumifhvnf; ajymifvuf acsmarGYjcif; r&SdawmhbJ
ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;wGif yGef;aeavonf/
]]t&kyfqkd;vkdufwJh wdkuftkdBuD;? wufcsifp&m raumif;vkdufwJh
wkduftkdBuD;....}}
avSum;ajc&if;okdYa&mufwkdif; ukdOD;u tay:bufukd armhMunfhum
a&&Gwfavh&Sdonfukd pkd; owd&awmh wpfOD;wnf; NyHK;rdonf/
]]'DavmufvSwJh pkd;u bmjzpfvkdY 'Davmuft&kyfqkd;wJh
wdkuftkdBuD;rSm ae&wmvJ}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 150
ukdOD;u xkdokdYvnf; ar;wwfao;onf/ tppt&m&m
NyD;jynfhpHkaom b0wGif aevmaom ukdOD;onf &efukefNrdKU\
vlaerIp&dwf rnfrQ BuD;aMumif;ukd tao;pdyfodvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/
xkdwkduftkdBuD;\ tay:qHk;xyfrS tcef;usOf;uav;onfyif rnfrQ
wefzkd;&SdaMumif;ukdvnf; acgif;&SKyfcHNyD; awG;MunfhrnfholwpfOD;
r[kwfay/
]]ukdOD;&JU acgif;xJrSm aq;ynmyJ &Sdw,f/ tonf;xJrSmawmh pkd;yJ
&Sdw,f/ 'gqkd&if bmvkdao;vkdYvJ}} [k olu pkd;ukd jyefNyD; ar;cJh
ao;avonf/
]]'DaeY ukdOD;qDu pmrsm; a&mufaervm; rodbl;}}
pkd;u oHykdufvHk;ukd vSrf;qGJum wpfvSrf;csif; tm;,líwuf&if;
pOf;pm;onf/ tvsifu a&;aompmrsm;xJwGif ukdOD;u ]pkd; b,fawmh
vkdufvmrSmvJ} [k wzGzG ar;aecJhavonf/
]]tck ukdOD;aewJh bvufyl;NrdKUav;u vef'efeJY odyfra0;ygbl;/
NrdKUi,fuav; qkdayr,fhvJ yifv,furf;ajcjrdKUav; qkdawmh tawmf
om,mw,f? tckawmh aq;&kHuay;wJh tcef;usOf;uav;rSmyJ
ukdOD;aew,f? pkd; a&mufvmawmhrS 'DxufykdNyD; us,fus,f0ef;0ef;
&SdwJhae&mukd ajymif;Muwmaygh}}
]]raeYwkef;u aeomNyD; avvJ jidrfw,f? naeykdif;vJ
tem;&w,f? ukdOD;av-urf;ajcwpfavQmuf aomifjyifay:rSm
wpfa,mufwnf; vrf;avQmuf&if; pkd;ukd t&rf;yJ vGrf;aerdw,f?
oJjyifay:rSm ]pkd;} qkdwJhpmvHk;ukd tBuD;BuD;a&;xm;vkdufw,f}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 151
]]'DrSmawmh vG,fvG,f&wJhaygifrkefYukdyJ pm;ae&w,f?
wpfcgwpfavawmh jrefrmxrif; jrefrm[if;ukd odyfvGrf;wmyJ?
pkd;a&mufvmawmhrS csufauR;aemf}}
ponfjzifh ukdOD;a&;xm;orQ pmrsm;ukd pkd; tcgcgzwfNyD;
tvGwfyif &vkeD;aeNyD jzpfonf/
]]bmvkdvkdeJY ukdOD;oGm;wm wpfESpfausmfoGm;NyD}}
ukdOD;u olroGm;cif pkd;ukd vufxyfoGm;vkdaomfvnf; pkd;\arar
&kwfw&uf avjzwfoGm;ojzifh tpDtpOf ysufcJh&onf/ ukd,fcE¨m
atmufykdif;wpfckvHk; vIyfr&atmif jzpfoGm;aom rdcifukd ab;rSmxm;NyD;
zkwfylrD;wkduf vufxyf&ef ta&;vnf; pkd;u pdwfrygvSaomaMumifh
jzpfavonf/
]]tif;av-[kda&muf&if ukdOD;u pmar;yGJajz&OD;rSmeJY
tvkyf&Sm&OD;rSmeJY csufcsif;vJ aeom;usrSm r[kwfygbl;? pkd; aemufrS
vkdufvmwmyJ aumif;ygw,fav....}}
ukdOD;uvnf; ausauseyfeyfyif cGifhay;cJhonf/ ol
tajcwusjzpfvQif pkd;u csufcsif;vkdufvmrnf [kvnf;
,HkMunfpdwfcscJhyHk &avonf/
]]ararhukdypfNyD; pkd; ukdOD;aemufukd b,fvkdvkyf vkdufcJh&rvJuG,f}}
pkd;u &ifxJrS nnf;nLaerdonf/ wpfaeYwpfaeY qif;vkduf
wufvkduf csufvkduf jyKwfvkduf avQmfvkduf zGyfvkduf vSnf;vkduf
usif;vkdufESifh ayghyg;oGufvufpGm vIyf&Sm;aecJhaom araronf
tdyf&mxJwGif olrsm;xlay;rS xEkdifaomb0okdY a&mufaecJh&NyD jzpfonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 152
reufapmapmxum pkd;BudKufwwfaom [if;uav;rsm;ukd
zG,fzG,f&m&mcsufjyKwfNyD; xrif;bl; tqifoifhxnfhay;wwfaom
ararhcrsm olYtwGufxrif;ukdyif olYab;okdYykdYay;rS pm;Ekdifaom
tajctaeokdY a&muf&vdrfhrnf[k olYukd,fol b,fwkef;urQ
xifcJhvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/
]]pkd; i,fi,fwkef;u odyfcsLcsmw,fwJh? odyfvJ qkd;w,fwJh? oHk;
av;ESpforD;avmuftxd ydefydefao;ao;uav;yJ &Sdw,fwJh?
odyf&ifvnf; csDNyD;odyf&w,f? tdyfaysmfoGm;vkdY atmufcs&if Ekd;NyD;
idka&mwJh/ NyD;awmh araru pkd;ukd atmufrcsbJ vufxJrSm ayGUxm;&if;
wpfnvHk; xkdifvsufom; ikdufaewwfw,fwJh? odvm;ukdOD;/ pkd;
wuúokdvfa&mufwJhtxd bGJY&wJhtxd tvkyfvkyfwJhtxd araru pkd;ukd
uav;av;wpfa,mufvkd *&kpkdufcJhw,f? azazqHk;oGm;awmhvJ araru
t&G,faumif; vSwkef; acsmwkef;yJ &Sdao;wm? pkd;ukd iJhNyD;
aemuftdrfaxmif rxlcJhbl;av/ tckawmh ]pkd;....pkd;ukd jyefNyD;
tm;ukd;ae&wJh ararhukd ukdOD;aemufvkdufoGm;awmhr,f arar....} vkdY
pkd;u ajym&awmhr,fvm;}}
a&jcm;ajrjcm; rkdifaygif;rsm;pGm a0;aomae&mrS ukdOD;ukd pkd;u pdwfxJrS
vSrf;ajymaerdonf/
oHykdufvHk;ukd wif;wif;usyfusyf qkyfukdifum tay:qHk;
avSum;xpf ukd tm;,lí vSrf;wufvkdufonf/ 'DavSum;usOf;usOf;
uav;ukd wpfaeYvQif tenf;qHk; ESpfacgufrQ twuftqif;
jyKae&NrJjzpfaomfvnf; avSum;xdyfa&mufwkdif; pkd;armaewwfonf/
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 153
eH&HukdrSDum acwårQ tarmajzNyD;rS wHcg;arsmufvufukd
tomvIyf,rf;NyD; ]]rnGefY....a&}} [k cyfwkd;wkd;ac:onf/
w&Syf&SyfavQmufvmaom ajcoHu wHcg;0wGif &yfoGm;NyD;
csufjzKwfoHukd Mum;&onf/ tcef;wHcg; yGifhoGm;awmh oeyfcg;awG
ydef;aeatmif vdrf;xm;aom rnGefY\rsufESmav;ukd OD;pGmawGY&onf/
]]araraeaumif;&JUvm;}}
pkd;u ar;aeus ar;cGef;ukd ar;NyD; ararxkdifaeus
yufvufukvm;xkdifav; qDokdY tvsifpvkd vSrf;Munfhrdonf/
]]tbGm; 'DaeY 0rf;oGm;wm oHk;cg&SdNyD}}
]][kwfvm;}}
0&efwmwHcg;ukd ydwfxm;í twefi,farSmifaeaom tcef;xJwGif
araronf cgwkdif;aeYrsm;uJhokdYyif jidrfoufpGm xkdifaeonf/
*syfckwfapmif tndKBuD;ukd ycHk;xd qGJjcHKxm;aomaMumifh arar\
ao;auG;ydefvSDaom cE¨mukd,fav;rSm apmifatmufwGif aysmufaeonf/
trSwfrJh MunfhvkdufvQif apmifyHkBuD;ESifh wlaeonf/
]]arar 0rf;oGm;aew,fqkd}}
]]tif;....}}
araronf ukvm;xkdifab;wGif vm&yfaom pkd;ukd uav;av;
wpfa,mufvkd armfMunfhaeonf/ ao;i,f usOf;ajrmif;aom
ararhrsufvHk;xJwGif tm;i,f&dyf 0rf;enf;&dyf ,HkMunf&dyf
cspfciftm;ukd;&dyf paom t&dyftrsdkK;rsdK;ukd awGYae&onf/
]]raeYwkef;u pm;wJh rkefY[if;cg;aMumifh jzpfrSmyJ}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 154
pkd;onf vufxJrS Budrfjcif;av;ukd Murf;ay:wGif tomcsNyD;
ararhab;wGif 'l;axmufí xkdifonf/ jcHKxm;aom apmifBuD;ukd
tomrNyD; vufzsm;ajczsm;av;rsm;ukd prf;MunfhaomtcgwGif
&if;ESD;uRrf;0ifNyD; jzpfaom awmifwefBuD;eYHESifhtwl y&kwfqDeHUESifh
bDyD&SLaq;eYH wkdYukdyg a&mNyD; &SL&SdKuf vkduf&onf/
]]araru rkefY[if;cg;usawmh odyfMudKuf? aemufNyD; zifusawmhvJ
rvHk}}
pkd;u ajymaomtcg araronf uav;av;wpfa,mufvkd
jyHK;aeonf/ ]oHk;cgawmif oGm;xm;NyD;NyD} [laom oabmESifh
vufoHk;acsmif;axmifjyum ryDroajymonf/ ]]oHk;cgoGm;NyD;&if
oHk;cgxyfpm;OD;rSmyJ r[kwfvm; arar&JU? pkd;u 0,frauR;vJ rnGefYukd
twif; 0,fckdif;NyD; pm;rSmr[kwfvm;}} [k pkd;u cspfpEkd;qlawmh
rsufvHk;ydwfatmif &,faeonf/
]]rrpkd;vmrSyJ tbGm;vJ NyHK;vmawmhw,f? ckewkef;uawmh
olY[mol pdwfwkdwkdif; uRefrukd wpfcsdefvHk;atmfaewmyJ}}
]]atmifr,f....atmifr,f}}
araru rnGefYtm; rsufapmif;vSrf;cJum &efawGYonf/
]]araruvJ rnGefYav;rsm; odyfEkdifwmyJ? wu,fvkdYrsm; pkd; r&Sd&if
b,fhES,fhvkyfyghrvJ....uJ}}
trSwfwrJh ajymvkdufrdNyD;rS pkd;onf olYukd,fol rSm;oGm;rSef;
owdxm;rdonf/ pl;pl;0g;0g;ESifh pum;awGajymum twefi,f
&Tifvef;vmaom araronf &kwfw&ufjyefNyD; jidrfoGm;avonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 155
]]aeYcif;wkdif pkd;&Hk;oGm;&if araru rnGefYukdyJ tazmfvkyfae&wm
r[kwfvm;}}
pkd;u pum;ajy qufajymaomfvnf; araru Mum;[efrwlay/
*syfckwfapmiftxlBuD;ukd ycHk;xd jyefíqGJjcHKum OD;acgif;ukd
aemufbufwGif ckxm;aom acgif;tHk;av;ay: rSDcsvkdufonf/
wpfpHkwpfckukd awG;awmum 0rf;enf; tm;i,fae[ef&Sdaom
rsufvHk;rsm;ESifh ay:vpfa&mif ysufjy,faeaom tcef;wHcg;BuD;ukd
ai;pkdufí Munfhaeavonf/
]]rr 'DaeYvJ a&rvmbl;aemf}}
rnGefYu ajymonf/
]]atmufxyfrSma&m vmovm;}}
]]reufykdif;u enf;enf;yJ vmw,fwJh}}
]]'Dvkdqkd a&0,f&OD;awmhrSmayghh[,f}}
]]a&orm;uvJ awmif;vkdufwm w&m;vGef w&m;rif;}}
]]aMomfuG,f....'DavmufjrifhwJh avSum;BuD;ukd xrf;wif&wm
awmif;awmhrSmaygh? olawmif;wm ray;vkdY igwkdY ukd,fwkdif xrf;wif
EkdifwmrS r[kwfwm}}
tckawmh pkd;onf t&m&mukd cGifhvTwfaompdwfESifh MunfhwwfaeNyD
jzpfonf/ wpfpHkwpfckaom tcuftcJjzpfvmvQif
jypfwifjiLplaejcif;xuf ukd,fcsif;pmpdwfESifh cGifhvTwfvkdufjcif;u pdwfukd
ykdrkdí oufomapaMumif; em;vnfvmaomaMumifh jzpfavonf/
]]arar naeawmh qefjyKwfyJ aomufawmhaemf}}
]]tif;....}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 156
]]ararBudKufwJh ig;&HUqefjyKwfuav; 0,fay;r,fav}}
]]tif;....}}
ararhukd jyefvnf &Tifvef;vmatmif BudK;pm; Munfhaomfvnf;
ratmifjrifay/
]]ighrSm armifwpfa,mufa,muf 'grSr[kwf nDrwpfa,mufa,muf
&Sd&if odyfaumif;rSmyJ? tJ'gqkd&if ararhukd pdwfcsvufcs
xm;cJhvkdY&w,f? ta0;uaeNyD; vkdorQaxmufyHhrSmaygh}}
acGacGuav; tdyfaeaom ararhtm; Munfh&if; pkd;u
pOf;pm;aerdonf/ ararhukd wpfa,mufwnf; xm;&pfcJh&rnhfaeYukd pkd;
rMumcP awG;aerdovkd araruvnf; awG;aeyHk &avonf/
okdYaomfvnf; olwkdYESpfOD;pvHk;u rawG;rdovkd [efaqmif&ef
BudK;pm;aerdMuonf/
]'D yufvufukvm;xkdifav;rSm wHcg;ukd rsufESmrlNyD; xkdif&if;
igjyefvmr,fh tcsdefukd em&DwMunfhMunfheJY apmifhaewwfwJh arar[m
naeapmif;vkdY igjyefrvm&if....}
pkd; qufí rawG;&ufay/
Ä
cspfwJhpkd;....
pkd;ukd tNrJ owd&aew,f qkdwmukd,Hk? 'gayrJh pkd;uawmh ukdOD;ukd owdrS &&JUvm;vkdY ukdOD; oHo,awG 0ifaerdw,f....
cspfwJhpkd;....
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 157
ukdOD;b0rSm vkdcsifNyDqkd&if tjrJwrf;&cJhwmyJ? vkdcsif&iftjrJ&wJh ukdOD;yg? vkyfcsif&if tjrJjzpfwJh ukdOD;yg? tjrJwrf;jynfhpHkcJhwJh ukdOD;yguG,f....'gayrJh tckusawmh tvkdcsifqHk; pkd;ukd r&Ekdifawmhbl;vm; [if....
'DrSmpkd;....ukdOD;qDukd vkdufrvmcsifawmhbl;vm;? bmjzpfvkdY 'Davmufawmif tcsdefawG a&TUaewmvJ....
pkd;&JUararukd pkd;pdwfrcsbl;qkdwm ukdOD; odygw,f? 'gayrJh vufawGUusus pOf;pm;Munfhyg pkd;? olYtwGuf pkd; bmvkyfay;EkdifvkdYvJ? pkd;xuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm ykdNyD; tjyKtpkaumif;wJh olemjyKq&mrwpfa,mufukd &Smay;zkdY ukdOD;wm0ef,lygw,f? vkdorQaq;awGvnf; ykdYay;vkdY&aewmyJ? aemufNyD; ukdOD;wkdYuvnf; wpfaeYjyefvmrSmyJ r[kwfvm;....
'DrSmpkd;....tazmfrJhaewJh a,musfm;wpfa,muf? cspfolukd odyfNyD; wrf;waewJh a,musfm;wpfa,muf? tJ'Dvkd a,musfm;wpfa,muf&JU opöm[m tqHk;r&Sd ckdifjrJaeEkdifvdrfhr,f vkdYrsm; pkd;xifaeovm;? ukdOD;ukd odyfrsm; txifBuD;aeovm;....
tcgcgzwfcJhNyD;í tvGwfeD;yg;&aeaom pmuav;rsm;ukd pkd;u
wjrwfwEkd; jyefí zwfaerdonf/
]'Dtcsdefqkd ukdOD; bmrsm;vkyfaervJ}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 158
xkdokdYawG;rdaomtcg pkd;\&ifxJwGif qGwfysHUjyD; emusifvmonf/
rsufvHk;tdrfwGif a0hvnfaeaom rsuf&nfrsm;u yg;jyifay:okdY
twm;tqD;r&Sd pD;usvmonf/
]]rrpkd;....}}
rnGefY\toHukd tcef;tjyifbufrS Mum;vkduf&onf/ pkd;onf
rsuf&nfrsm;ukd uref;uwef; okwfum tdyf&may:rS tdyf&mcif;ukd
qGJícgum tvkyfrsm;csif[ef aqmifaevkdufonf/
]]rrpkd;-tbGm;u rkefY[if;cg;pm;r,fwJh}}
]]aMomf....taruvJav....}}
]]tck oGm;0,fay;&r,fwJh}}
pkd;onf rsufESmukd oeyfcg;rIefY tenf;i,fzkdYNyD; tcef;
tjyifxGufcJhonf/ rkefY[if;cg; pm;csifojzifh pdwfaumufaeom
araronf pkd;ukdjrifawmh tjypf&Sdaom uav;av;wpfa,mufvkd
NyHK;jyonf/ pkd;aemuf uyfvsuf ygvmaom rnGefYukdawmh rodrom
rsufapmif;cJí Munfhonf/
]]arar-rkefY[if;cg;pm;csifvkdYqkd}}
]]tif;....}}
]]araruvJav? pm;csifvkduf&if 'DrkefY[if;cg;yJ? tJ'guvnf;
0rf;oGm;wmu wpfrsdK;? aoG;wkd;wmu wpfrsdK;....}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 159
araru acgif;cgonf/ 'Dwpfcgawmh 0rf;roGm;?
aoG;rwkd;ygbl;[k ajymonfhoabm jzpfavonf/
0&efwmbufrS jywif;aygufrsm;ESifh wHcg;ukd zGifhxm;í
tcef;uav; u vif;vif;usif;usif; jzpfaeonf/
aEG;axG;awmufyaom eHeufcif;\ aea&mifjcnfonf ararhcE¨mukd,f
ao;ao;av; ay:okdY ,Sufjzm usaeonf/ pkd;onf ararh0rf;Akduf
uav;ukd pl;pkdufMunfh&if; ]'DAkdufuav;xJrSm ig ukd;vausmfausmf
aecJh&wmygvm;} [k awG;rdNyD; &ifxJwGif aEG;vmonf/
]]'Dvkdqkdvnf; wpfyef;uefyJ pm;aemf arar? trsm;BuD;awmh
rpm;ygeJYOD;}}
araru 0rf;omoGm;ovkd NyHK;NyD; acgif;ndwfonf/
wkdufcef;xJwGif taeMumvmojzifh ararhtom;rsm;onf ,cifuxuf
ykdNyD;jzLaeonf/ okdYaomf aoG;a&mifESifh pkdvef;jcif;um; r&SdvSay/
]]arar....pkd;eJY a[mvD0k'f upm;rvm;[if}}
]][ifh....tif;}}
]]csdKif;eD;csufum a&m}}
]][ifh....tif;}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 160
araru pm;yGJay:rS owif;pmukd awmif;onf/ pkd;onf
owif;pmav; ukd acwårQ ai;Munfh aeNyD; ]ararodoGm;wm
aumif;ygw,f av} [k pOf;pm;NyD; ,lay; vkdufonf/
rnGefUukd rkefY[if;cg; 0,fckdif;NyD;aomtcg pkd;onf ararhab;wGif
xkdifum y&dwfBuD;pmtkyfukd zwfonf/ okdYaomf pdwfukdawmh
xdef;csKyfírEkdif? ysHUvGifh vIyf&Sm;aeonf/
]]pkd;xuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm awmfwJh olemjyKq&mrukd ukdOD;
&Smay;Ekdifw,fqkdwm pkd;,Hkygw,f? 'gayrJh ol[m ararhtwGufawmh
ararhorD; pkd;rS r[kwfwmyJ ukdOD;&,f}}
pkd;u &ifxJrS wD;wkd;ajymaerdonf/ avNidrfNyD;
aeomaomaeYrsm;wGif ukdOD;onf yifv,furf;ajcwpfavQmuf
vrf;avQmufjzpfvdrfhOD;rnf jzpfonf/ okdYygaomfvnf; oJaomifjyifwGif
]pkd;} [lí a&;awmhrnf r[kwfonfum; aocsmvSonf/ ukdOD;onf
ol\acgif;xJrS aq;ynmrsm;ukd yGm;onfxufyGm; rsm;onfxufrsm;
vmapaomfvnf; ol\tonf;xJrS pkd;ukdrl wjznf;jznf; arS;rSdefum
aysmufoGm;atmif MudK;pm;vdrfhrnf xifonf/ xkdokdY aysmufoGm;atmif
cufcufcJcJ BudK;pm;&rvm;? vG,fvG,fululyif jzpfoGm;rvm;awmh pkd;
rpOf;pm;wwfacs/
]]pkd;&JU tonf;xJu ukdOD;ukdawmh arhaysmufzkdY rBudK;pm;ygbl;
ukdOD;&,f....pkd;....tjrJyJ owd&aerSmyg}}
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 161
pkd;u rsuf&nfawG &pf0Jvmjyefonf/ zwfvufp
y&dwfBuD;ukdvnf; qufrzwfjzpfawmhbJ awGai;aerdonf/
ukdOD;onf ,ckawmh ol wrf;wrf;ww pm;csifaeaom
jrefrmxrif; jrefrm[if;rsm;ukd pm;ae&NyD xifonf/ xkdokdYpm;&if;
wpfcgwpf&HwGif ]pkd;} [laom rdef;uav;ukdrsm; owd&avrvm; [k
awG;aerdonf/
tcef;xJokdY cyfMurf;Murf;a0SY,rf;NyD; wkdufcwfvmaom avaMumifh
eH&Hay:rS jyu©'def&Gufrsm;onf wzsyfzsyf vIyf&Sm;oGm;Muonf/
&ifxJwGif ylavmifNyD; ajcmufaoGYaeojzifh pkd;onf at;jraomavukd
avmbwBuD; &SdKufí&SLvkdufonf/ okdYaomf xkdavrsm;onf
pkd;&ifxJa&mufawmh rD;jyif;jyif;ESifh qD;íwdkufvkdufovkd
ylavmifoGm;Muavonf/
]]o....rD;....}}
araru ryDro ac:onf/ owif;pmukd aygifay:wGif
jzefYxm;&if; xdwfvefYwkefvIyfae[ef&Sdaom rsufvHk;rsm;ESifh pkd;ukd
vSrf;Munfhaeonf/
]]ukdOD;&JUvufxyfNyD;pD;aMumif; owif; r[kwfvm; arar?
a'gufwmarjrwfol eJYav? olwkdYcsif; [kdrSmawGYNyD; [kdrSmyJ
vufxyfvkdufMuwmwJh? pkd;....odNyD;ygNyD}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 162
pkd;u toHrwkefatmif xdef;NyD; ajymvkdufonf/ rsufvHk;tdrfwGif
&pf0Jaeaom rsuf&nfrsm; ukdum; ararawGYoGm;rnf pkd;aomaMumifh
y&dwfBuD;pmtkyfukdom iHkYNyD; oJBuD;rJBuD; Munfhaevkdufonf/
]]o....rD;....}}
pkd;u armfrMunfh/ cspfcifpGm? MuifempGm? oem;pGmESifh ,lusHK;r&
Munfhae&SmrnfY ararhrsufvHk;rsm;ukd jrifvQif pkd; ikdrdvdrfhrnf/
araru pkd;\vufrsm;ukd vSrf;í qkyfukdifonf/
ararhvufzsm;rsm;u at;aeonf/ vufacsmif;ydefydefav;rsm;uvnf;
rodrom wkef,ifaeonf/ vufonf;rsm;vnf; &SnfaeayNyD/
]]ararhvufonf;awG &SnfaeNyD}} pkd;u wD;wkd;ajymum pm;yGJay:rS
vufonf;nSyfuav;ukd vSrf;,lonf/
]]odyft&kyfqkd;wJh wkduftkdBuD;wpfckrSm pkd;&Sdaew,f ukdOD;/
wufcsifp&m raumif;wJh avSum;tkdBuD;ukd aeYwkdif; qif;csnf
wufcsnf vkyf&if; 'ku©dw tartkdBuD;ukd jyKpkaew,fav....}}
pkd;u ararhvufonf;av;rsm;tm; nDnmoyf&yfpGm nSyfay;&if;
&ifxJrS wD;wkd;ajymaerdavonf/
Ä Ä Ä
(uvsm? Ekd0ifbmv? 1989)
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 163
xD;
rD;aoaeaom aq;vdyfwkduav;ukd EIwfcrf;axmifhwGif rxdwxd
av; cJum eH&HrSD&if; ikdufaewwfaom ukda&cJukd Munfhrdwkdif; rpdefjr
pdwfxJwGif rtDrom jzpfwwfonf/
xkdYaemuf tar cPcPajymcJhzl;aom pum;ukd owd&onf/
]]vifa,musfm; trSDo[Jr&SdwJh rdef;r[m rkd;xJavxJrSm xD;rygbJ
vrf;avQmufae&wJholeJY wlw,f/ rkd;'Pfav'Pfukd tkyfrkd;NyD; umuG,f
ay;r,fholr&Sdbl;aygh}} wJh/
Ä
ukd,fhbmomMudKufí ukd,fhbmom,lcJhaom vifa,musfm;yif
jzpfaomfvnf; rpdefjronf ukda&cJukd pdwfwkdif;rusvSacs/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 164
ol wpfjym;ruseftyfaom vcaiGav;ukd vufxJwGif wif;wif;
qkyfrxm;EkdifbJ wwdwwdESifh ajymifovif;cgoGm;aom
tcgrsm;wGifum; ykdí pdwfwkdwwfavonf/
]]uav;awG wpfjyHKwpfacgif;BuD; arG;xm;NyD; vcwpfckwnf;ukd
tm;ukd;aevkdYawmh rjzpfbl; ukda&cJa&? tjyifpD;yGm;a&;av;vJ
BuHOD;zefOD;rS}}
vwpf0ufausmfvQif rpdefjru xkdpum;ukd wpfaeYvQif
ESpfcgavmuf ajymrdwwfonf/
]]tif;....[kwfwmaygh? MuHavuGm? MuH....MuH....}}
rSdef;ikdufaeaom ukda&cJu rsufpdukd ryGifhwyGifh zGifhMunfhum
axmufcHonf/
xkdYaemuf ryGifhwyGifhrsufpdukd jyefvnfrSdwf&ef BudK;pm;onf/
]]uskKyfrMuHwwfvkdY awmfhukd BuHckdif;aewm..awmfhukd....}}
rpdefjru aigufqwfqwf ajymaomtcgwGifum; ukda&cJcrsm
twefi,f rsufpdus,foGm;um oufjyif;ukd rodrom cswwfavonf/
]]tif;av....'gqkdvJ MuH&wmaygh}}
]]b,fvkdMuHrSmvJ ajym}}
]][....csufcsif;BuD;vm;}}
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 165
]]tkd-yg;pyfuwif ajym&rSm? bmcufvkdYvJ? ajym....tckajym}}
]][....yg;pyfuajym&wmvJ vG,fw,f atmufarhvkdYvm;?
tJ'Davmufrsm;awmfae&if igu bmudpö pma&;vkyfaeawmhrSmvJ?
'D*sDwkdY trf'DwkdY wufvkyfaerSmaygh}}
rpdefjru ukda&cJtm; rsufapmif;tBuD;BuD; xkd;onf/
plyGplyG a&½Gwfonf/ 'kef;ceJ 'kdif;ceJ aqmifhonf/
xkdtcsdefwGif uHqkd;rkd;arSmifusNyD; olYtm; rsufpdaemufatmif
vkyfrdaom tBuD;aumifwkdY tvwfaumifwkdYonfvnf;
aumif;aumif;twG,fcH&wwfonf/
ukda&cJuvnf; oufjyif;tBuD;BuD;csonf/
yg;pyfrSaq;vdyfwkdukd jzKwfonf/ xkdYaemufjyefwyfonf/
rD;jcpfukdvSrf;,lum rD;ñSdonf/ bmukdrQrjrifovkd bmukdrQ
rMum;ovkd tm;vHk;ukd vspfvsL½Ionf/ aq;vdyfwkdukd rD;ckd;awG
waxmif;axmif;xatmif zGm½Idufonf/
q,frdepfcefYMumaomtcgwGifum; eH&HukdjyefrSDonf/
aq;vdyfukd arhwpfcsuf avsmhwpfcsufzGmonf/
aemufxyf q,frdepfavmufMumaomtcgwGifum; rsufpdarS;NyD;
jyefvnfikdufrsOf;oGm;wwfavonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 166
Ä
]]olYukdrsm; ajymvkduf&if tJ'Dvkd tqHk;owf&awmhwmyJ
tpfrpdefMunfa&U? pdwfukd b,favmuf ysufovJ rar;eJY}}
rpdefjru txufatmuf tpfrjzpfol a':pdefMunftm; &ifzGifh
wwfonf/
a':pdefMunf\a,musfm;u *E¨mv&mZfaoG;ygonf/
naewapmif;wGif ukda&cJvkdyif eH&HukdrSDí xkdifwwfaomfvnf;
tdyfikduf aewwfonfawmhr[kwf? w&kwfayoD;ukd wa*smufa*smuf
wGufaewwfoljzpfonf/ olYacgif;ao;ao;av;xJwGif
rnfonfhypönf;ukd a&mif;oifhaMumif;? rnfonfypönf;ukd avQmhaps;ESifh
aumuf xm;oifhaMumif;? rnfonfYypönf;ukd avSmifxm;oifhaMumif;
ponfrsm;ukd tNrJwGufcsufae[ef&Sdonf/w&dyf&dyf wufvmaeaom
ukefaps;EIef;ESifh tNydKif olYvpOf0ifaiG ukdvnf; w&dyf&dyf wkd;vmatmif
BuHEkdifzefEkdifol jzpfonf/
xkdYaMumifh rpdefjrwkdYvkdyif uav;ig;a,muf arG;xm;aomfvnf;
olwkdYrdom;pku iuRJqefazG;azG;ukd tom;qDjyefig;qDjyefESifh
zG,fzG,f&m&m pm;EkdifMuolrsm; jzpfonf/
]]wpfvwpfv avmufw,fukd r&Sdygbl; tpfr&,f aygif& ESH&
acs;& iSm;&eJY vHk;vnfcsmvnfukd vkdufaewmyJ}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 167
rpdefjru avmuBuD;ukd tawmfyif pdwfysufvufysuf
jzpfaeonf/ tckaeom odMum;rif;BuD;u em;uif;BuD;ESifh
ukd,fxifjyum ]vkd&mqkukdawmif;ap} [k qkdvkdufvQif edAÁmefr*fzkdvfukd
&ufwkdwkdESifh a&muf&ygvkd\ [laomqkukd awmif;rdrnfrxif/
]]wynfhawmfr\a,musfm; ukda&cJonf tpfra':pdefMunf\
a,musfm; ukd,kpGrfvkd t&SmtazG aumif;ygapbk&m;}} [k qkawmif;
vdkufrdrnf xifonf/
okdYaomf wm0wðomewfjynfrS y@KurÁvmjrausmufzsmonfvnf;
wif;vm[efrwl? odMum;rif;BuD;uvnf; ukd,fxifrjy? 'Dawmhvnf;
ukd,kpGrfu ayoD;wa*smufa*smuf wGufaecsdefwGif ukda&cJu
ikdufNrJwdkif; ikdufaewwfavonf/
]]ukda&cJBuD; awmf&Smygw,fat}}
tcgwkdif; rpdefjr ajymvQif bmrQ jyefrajymwwfaomfvnf;
'Dwpfcgawmh tpfrpdefMunfu ukda&cJbufrS a&SUaevkdufonf/
]]t&ufraomuf? zJr&kduf? aemufNyD; ti,ftaESmif;vJ r&Sd}}
tpfrpdefMunfu olYorD; vmcsaom vufzufokyfyef;uefukd
rpdefjrbufodkY wkd;ay;onf/
]]vif&,f r,m;&,fvkdY jzpfvm&if aiGa&;aMu;a&;xuf
opömw&m;u ykdNyD; ta&;BuD;ygw,f pdefjr&,f? tdrfaxmifwpfckrSm
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 168
wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf r,HkMunf&? pdwfrcs&bl;qkd&if b,fvkdvkyfNyD;
pdwfcsrf;om&awmhrSmvJ}}
rpdefjronf tpfrjzpfoltm; zswfceJ Munfhvkdufrdonf/
emMunf;aMuuGJrIrsm;ESifh rIefNyD;rIdif;aeaom rsufvHk;tpHkukd csufcsif;
owdxm;vkdufrdonf/
]]bmjzpfvkdYvJ[if tpfr? tpfukd,kpGrfu}}
]]at;-eifhtpfukd,kpGrfu r,m;i,f,lxm;w,fav}}
tpfrpdefMunfu rpdefjrtm; rMunfhbJ rsufESmvTJxm;&if;rS
cyfjywfjywfajymonf/
]]aumifrav;u i,fvJ i,fw,f? acsmvJ acsmw,f? vSvJ
vSw,f/ eifhwlr tBuD;r rdwl;eJYrS ½G,fwlavmuf &SdrSm}}
]][if....orD;t½G,fav;}}
rpdefjru wtHhwMo a&½Gwfrdonf/
tpfukd,kpGrfonf pD;yGm;&Sm&efudpörSvGJNyD; tjcm;
taysmftyg;rsm;wGif pdwf0ifpm;vdrfhrnf[k olxifrxm;rdcJhacs/
]]iguawmh toufav;q,fausmfvkdY ig;q,fem;uyfaeNyD/ vlu0?
Adkufuyl? cg;uwkwfqkdawmh tawmifhpm; tajzmifhpm; parmav;eJYawmh
b,fvkdrS r,SOfEkdifawmhbl; rpdefjra&}}
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 169
]]bk&m;....bk&m;}}
rpdefjru tpfrpdefMunf\ 0rf;AdkufplplBuD;ukd Munfh&if; usdwfNyD;
bk&m;wrdvkdufonf/ tpfrpdefMunfavmuf rqkd;aomfvnf;
olYAkdufonfvnf; ylonfyif/ Akdufacgufu xl? cg;u wkwfESifhrkdY
0rf;AkdufESifhcg; wpfqufwnf;jzpfaeNyD jzpfonf/ ukda&cJuyif
wpfcgwpf&H ]]rpdefjra&}} [k rac:bJ ]]rvdyfcg;a&}} ]]rzm;zifa&}} ESifh
aemufajymifNyD; ac:wwfonfukd owd&rdonf/ 'gwifruao;
abmfvDtuÐs yHkusyef;us r0wf&onfrSmvnf; tawmfMumaeNyD
jzpfonf/
'Dawmh cg;atmufykdif;rvSonfomru cg;txufykdif;uvnf;
Munfhaysmf½Iaysmfav;yif &Sdvdrfhrnfr[kwfonfrSm aocsmaeonf/
rsufESmuawmh tysdKuwnf;u ½GufMurf;a&usdKqkdawmh tckvkd
EIwfcrf;eDaygif'gESifh ta0;BuD;a0;ae&aomb0wGif....
]]bk&m; bk&m; ukda&cJvJ wwfrsm;wwfEkdif&if ti,fav;
wpfa,mufavmuf vkdcsifaeNyDvm; rodbl;}}
vufzufokyfwpfZGef;ukd ua,mifuwef; aumfpm;vkduf&if;
rpdefjru pdwfvuf rcsrf;ompGmESifh awG;onf/
]]tpfrodwm MumNyDvm;}}
]]tif;....ESpfvavmuf½SdNyDxifyg&JU}}
tpfrpdefMunfu rsuf&nfokwfonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 170
]]oluawmh zHk;xm;wmaygh? iguvJ olYMunfh&wm tuJr&wmeJY
olrodatmif vkdufacsmif;wm? wpfcgwnf; wef;NyD;awGYwmyJ}}
]]tpfr bmvkyfvJ}}
]]igvm;}}
tpfrpdefMunfu tHukd wif;wif;usdwfonf/
xkdYaemuf wpfpHkwpfckukd rsdKcsvkduf&ovkd wHawG;ukd yifyef;BuD;pGm
rsdKvkduf&if; rpdefjrtm; cyfaysmhaysmh NyHK;jyonf/
]]igav? tJ'Dae&mu olrodatmif wdwfwdwfav; jyefxGuf
vmcJhw,f}}
]]a[m....awmh}}
]]eif pOf;pm;Munfhav? igodaeNyDqkdwmukd olod&if bmvkyfrvJ
rxl;awmhbl;qkdNyD; ajymifajymifwif;wif; a½SUwkd;awmhrSmaygh?
ckd;ay;ae&mu ajymifBuD; ay;awmhrSmaygh? ighrSm uav; ig;a,mufeJY
olYvkyfpmxkdifpm;ae&wm? bmrSvJ vkyfwwfukdifwwfwm r[kwfbl;/
oleJYuGJ&if ig bmvkyfpm;rSmvJ? ruGJEkdifao;wJh twlwl rodcsif
[efaqmifaewm awmfao;&JUvkdY xifwmyJ[,f}}
'Dwpfcgawmh rpdefjronf olYtpfrtm; tawmfBuD;
txifBuD;oGm;onf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 171
toem;BuD;vnf; oem;oGm;rdonf/ ukda&cJom 'DvkdvkyfvmvQif
olu tpfrpdefMunf wHkYjyefenf;rsdK;ESifh wHkYjyefrnfr[kwfonfum;
aocsmavonf/
]]ukda&cJukd eifu r&Sm&aumif;vm; razG&aumif;vm;eJY
pdwfqkd;aew,f/ ol trsm;BuD;r&SmEkdifayr,fh ol&SmvkdY azGvkdY
&orQav; eifhvufxJ tukefa&mufwmyJ[m? 'gqkd&if
eifrauseyfoifhbl;vm;}}
]]auseyf&r,fwJhvm;}}
rpdefjru olYukd,fol jyefar;Munfh&if; pdwfrcsrf;rom jzpfrdonf/
rjynfhpHk rvHkavmufaom tdrfaxmifwpfckwGif tcsdeftm; &wkdif;
xkdifikdufaewwfaom tdrfaxmifOD;pD;ukd ol rnfuJhokdY
auseyf&rnfenf;/
]]eif r½IMunfukd odw,fr[kwfvm;? ukd,kpGrf&JU nDrav}}
]]tif;....odw,f}}
r½IMunfonf tom;jzLjzL ao;ao;oG,foG,fuav;ESifh
tysdKwkef;u awmfawmfav;vSonfukd rpdefjrodonf/
atmufqkduftawmfrsm;rsm;&aomXmewpfckrS t&m&SdwpfOD;ESifh
vufxyfoGm;onf/ awmfawmfav; [efusyefus &SdNyD;
pkrdaqmif;rdonf [laom owif;ukdvnf; Mum;ae&onf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 172
]]olYa,musfm;u t&ufraomuf&ifawmh aumif;w,f/ 'gayrJh
t&ufuav; 0ifoGm;wmeJY olYukd &efvkyfawmhwmyJ? taMumif;r&Sd
taMumif;&SmNyD; qlawmh ylawmh ½kdufawmh ykwfawmhwm}}
]][if....[kwfvm;}}
]]trl;ajyawmhvJ ukdukdrSm;ygw,faygh? jyefacsmhaygh? 'gayrJh ukdukdu
cPcPrSm;aeawmh r½IMunfcrsm rsuf&nfeJY rsufcGuf....}}
]]raeYwkef;uawmifvmao;w,f? yg;BuD;wpfzufa,mifvkdY?
ukd,kpGrfu a'gojzpfNyD; eif 'Daumifukd uGmypfygvm;? bmvm;eJY
ajymaeao;w,f}}
]][kwfom;yJ? uGmypfvkdufygvm;}}
]][,f-uav;ESpfa,muf &aeNyD[Jh? uGmvkdYvG,frvm;? aemufNyD;
igwkdYqDrSm rkqkd;rukdrS vlav;pm;ao;w,f? wpfckvyfqkd&if
ywf0ef;usifuvJ av;pm;wmr[kwfbl;}}
tpfrpdefMunfu awG;awG;qq ajymonf/
wuf<u ½Tifvef;jcif; r½dSaom rsufvHk;rsm;onfum; rIefNyD;
rIdif;aeonf/ ta&mifawG rSdefazsmhaeonf/
]]ig tck nbuftm;&if w&m;xkdifaew,f}}
]]tHr,f tpfru}}
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 173
tpfrpdefMunfonf pdwfESvHk; El;nHhaomfvnf; bk&m; w&m;ukd
odyfNyD; owdw&&Sdol r[kwfaMumif; rpdefjrodonf/
]]tapmykdif;uawmh qHyifawGjzwf&rvm;? aumuf& rvm;?
at½kd;ApfoGm;wuf&rvm;? ydefydefoG,foG,fav; jzpfoGm;atmif
tpm;avQmh&rvm;? trsdK;rsdK;pOf;pm;wmaygh[,f....}}
]]'gayrJh bmvkyfaeae av;q,fausmf[m av;q,fausmfygyJ?
toufESpfq,f aumifrav;vkdawmh b,fawmhrS jyefvSvmrSm
r[kwfawmhbl;/ tJ'gawGukd jrifvmawmh ig vufavQmhvkdufw,f?
tck bk&m;pmtkyf zwfw,f? w&m;xkdifw,f? ukd,hfpdwfukd ukd,f
at;csrf;vmatmif tJ'Denf;eJYyJ BudK;pm;awmhr,f}}
rpdefjronf oufjyif;ukd t½SnfBuD;csvkdufrdonf/
avmuBuD;wGif bmaMumifhrsm; romr,m tdrfaxmifawG
aygrsm;ae&avoenf;/
aiG½Sdjyefawmh opömw&m;r&Sd? aiGESifhopömw&m; ½Sdjyefawmhvnf;
tMuifemw&m;r½Sd? tMuifemw&m;av;½Sdaom tdrfaxmifusawmhvnf;
aiGu csdKUwJhjyef? tajccHvkdtyfcsufawG rjynfhpHkjyefawmh pdwfwkdMu
&efjzpfMujyef/
]]tkd....pdwfnpfygw,f? jyefwmyJ aumif;ygw,f}}
rpdefjru ae&mrSxum xbDjyif0wfonf/ abmfvDtuÐsu
avsmh&davsmh&J Akdufuylyl cg;uwkwfwkwfESifh odyfNyD; ½IcsifpzG,f
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 174
raumif;vSaom cE¨mukd,f wpfckukd rSefAD½dkrS rSefxJwGif vSrf;í
awGYvkduf&onf/
]]tif;-'DcE¨mukd,fBuD;ukd MunfYaysmf½Iaysmf jzpfvmatmif qifp&m?
jyifp&m tuÐst0wftpm; vSvSyy opfopfvGifvGif r½Sdjyefawmh
ykdqkd;wmaygh}}
rpdefjru rSefxJrS t&dyfukd rsufarSmifukwfí Munfhrd&if; cg;oD;pGm
awG;onf/
]][Jh-eifu jyefawmhrvkdYvm;}}
]]tif;-naepmrcsuf&ao;bl;}}
]]a&mh....a&mh? uav;awGzkdY rkefYav;,loGm;OD;}}
tpfrpdefMunfu bDpupfrkefYwpfxkyfESifh aiGtpdwf xkwfay;onf/
]]rkd;awGuvJ tHkYvkdY rnf;vkdY? eifhrSm xD;a&myg&JUvm;}}
]]ygw,fav....a[m'DrSm}}
rpdefjru taygufawGtzmawGjynfhaeaom olYxD;BuD;ukd
vSrf;,lum csdKif;Mum;wGif ñSyfonf/
oufwrf;tawmfMumNyDjzpfaom xD;½Gufrsm;uvnf;
trnf;a&mifawG jy,fvGifhum ta&mifrGJaeavonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 175
awmf½Hkwef½Hk rkd;zGJus½HkavmufESifhawmh 'DxD;BuD;ukd zGifhNyD;
aqmif;csifp&m raumif;vSay/ tpfrpdefMunfu rpdefjr\ csdKif;Mum;rS
xD;BuD;ukd acwårQ pkdufMunfhNyD; cyfajcmufajcmuf &,farmonf/
]]tar cPcPajymwm owd&ao;vm; rdpdefjr}}
]]bmvJ}}
]]vifa,musfm; r½dSwJh rdef;r[m rkd;a&xJrSm xD;rygbJ
avQmufae&wJholeJY wlw,f qkdwmav}}
]]tarom ½dSao;&if uRefru jyefajymcsifaewm tpfra&U?
xD;awmhaqmif;xm;yg&JU? 'gayrJh tJ'DxD;u tpkwfBuD;jzpfae&if
rkd;a&awG azmufazmufaygufusNyD; ½TJwmpkdwmygyJ vkdYav}}
'Dwpfcgawmh olwkdYESpfOD;pvHk; wpfOD;ukd wpfOD;Munfhum
[uf[ufyufyuf &,frdMuonf/
xkdYaemuf tpfrpdefMunfu rcsdNyHK;ESifh cyfaysmhaysmh ajymonf/
]]taumif;pm; acgufxD;awG pwD;ukdif;awGvJ pdwfrcs& ygbl;[m?
avjyif; wkduf&if rkd;xJavxJrSm ukdif;BuD; aumhNyD; vefxGuf
oGm;wwfwmygyJ}}
tjyefvrf;usawmh rkd;awG oJoJrJrJ ½Gmonf/
rpdefjrvnf; olYxD;pkwfBuD;ukd zGifhumaqmif;&onf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 176
jynfwGif;jzpf zJxD;qkdawmh acgufxD;awGvkd ukdif;awGu
aumhvefoGm;jcif; r½Sday/
]]ukdif;rvef&ifawmfNyDaygh? rkd;a&aygufuswmawmh onf;cH[Jh....
onf;cH}}
rpdefjru olYukd,fol ajymonf/ rkd;a&awGu ab;uyufvkduf
a½SYuyufvkdufESifh/
yuf&onfYtxJ xD;t½Gufu rvHkbJ rkd;a&awG wpfaygufayguf
ckefqif;aeawmh tdrfa&mufaomtcg rpdefjr\ wpfukd,fvHk; ½TJepf
aeavonf/
tpfrpdefMunf ay;vkdufaom bDpupfrkefY rsm;onfvnf;
uRwfuRwftdwfxJ wGifyif tpdkjyefum aysmhavmufayNyD/
]]tpfrpdefjr rkd;rdvmovm;}}
wpfzufcef;rS oef;oef;cifu vSrf;í EIwfqufonf/
oeyfcg;awG azG;aeatmif vdrf;um yg;uGufxlxl uGufxm;aom
olYrsufESmav;onf arSmifukwfukwftcef;xJwGif rD;vHk;uav;wpfvHk;
xGef;xm;ovkd 0if;aeonf/
]]rkd;uvJ aumif;ovm; rar;eJY? ½Gmw,fqkd&if 'va[myJ?
uRefrvJ 'DaeY tjyifrxGufrdwm uHaumif;}}
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 177
oef;oef;cifu ajceif;pufuav;wpfvHk; ykdifonf/
tyfxnfrsm;ukd vufcHonf/ okdYaomf olcsKyfaom tuÐsrsm;u
yHkpHodyfrusvSí azmufonfawmh odyfr½SdvSay/
aeYcif;wkdif;awmh jyifqifNyD; tjyif xGufwwfonf/
ta&mif;t0,fav; vkyfonf[k qkdaomfvnf; bma&mif;í
bm0,frSef;awmh rpdefjrwkdY taotcsm rodacs/
tdrfa½SYtdrfrS rausmhurl ]]pufcsKyfwJh0ifaiGuvJ bm½SdwmrSwfvkdY?
olwkdYom;trd oHk;aepm;aewmeJY umrdEkdifyghrvm;? aeYcif;wkdif
tjyifxGufNyD; bmvkyfaerSef;rS rodwm}} [k pum;wif;qkdonf/
wpfcgwpfav usawmhvnf; &yfuGufxJrS vl½Iyfuav;rsm;u
]]rcifoef;cif&JU oef;cif? yef;uav;vkd vSaewmyJ Munfhaecsifonf/
yef;uav;vkd ñSdK;rSmukdvJ pkd;&drfygonf/ t[D-t[D-pkd;&drfygonf}} [k
tarSmif&dyfckdNyD; atmfoGm;wwfMuao;onf/
]]xD;ygayr,fh ½TJwmygyJat}}
]]aMomf....rkd; wu,fonf;vm&if 'DxD;avmufu b,fvkdvkyfNyD;
vHkEkdifrSmvJ tpfr&JU}}
]]xD;uvJ pkwfvkdYyg[,f? rkd;a&xJrSm 'Dtwkdif;avQmufcJhwmurS
aumif;OD;r,f}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 178
rpdefjru b,fbufvufxJrS rkefYxkyfukd tvwfaumiftm;
vSrf;ay;NyD; nmbufvufxJrS xD;ukd tdrfa½SYuysOfwGif cyfaqmifhaqmifh
ypfcsvkdufonf/
pkwfcsmcsmxD;ukda&m arT;BudKifvSyaeaom oef;oef;cifukda&m
pdwfxJwGif jrifjyif;uyf aerdonf/
]]orD;a&....tarht0wfAD½dkBuD;xJu uDrkdEkdwpfxnf xkwfcJhprf;?
a&vJvkyf&atmif}}
xbDatmufem;ukd pkukdifum a&ñSpfcs&if; cyf½GJU½GJUatmfonf/
okdYaomf ol½GJUonfukd ½GJUrSef;rodatmif xlydef;ydef;Ekdifaom
tBuD;aumifu....]][m....tarhrSm uDrkdEkdxbD½Sdw,f [kwfvm;}} [k
wtHhwMo a&½Gwfonf/ tvwfr ,lvmaom tqifrGJrGJ
ta&mifysufysuf w&kwfyGifh&kdufxbDukd rsufvHk;tjyL;om;ESifh
vSrf;Munfhaeonf/
]]aomuft BuD;}}
rpdefjru om;awmfarmifukd pdwfxJwGif axmremjyK&if;
xbDvJonf/ ajc&if;wGif yHkusoGm;aom a&pdkxbDukd aumufNyD;
a&ñSpfonf/
oef;oef;cifukd vSrf;rMunfhrdaomfvnf; cyfwkd;wkd;ajymaom
olYtoHukdawmh qufí Mum;&onf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 179
]]rkd; wu,fonf;vm&ifawmh bmxD;BuD; aqmif;xm;xm;
½TJwmygyJ tpfr&,f? 'gayrJh rkd;xJavxJrSm xD;uav;
aqmif;p&mygawmh £a`E´av;&wmaygh}}....wJh/
Ä Ä Ä
(pE´m? 1990? Zlvkdif)
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 180
q|rajrmuf&efol
1960 jynfhESpf/
uRefawmf ckepfwef; wufaomESpfwGif csrf;omESifh pwifNyD;
qHkqnf;rdygonf/
]]armifomatmif-'Dausmif;om;opfukd rif;&JUab;rSmxm;vkduf/
olaemufusaewJhpmawG ul;zkdYvJ pmtkyfay;vkdufOD;}}
*JMoarBwDykpämwpfyk'ftwGuf Bwd*HyHka&;qGJaepOf twef;ykdifq&mu
uRefawmf\ ab;okdY ausmif;om;opf wpfOD;ukd ac:vmygonf/
tom;ndKndK rsufESm0kdif;0dkif;ESihf qHyifwkdwdk ñSyfxm;aom
olYrsufESmav;onf ckepfwef; ausmif;om;ESifh rwlbJ ykdNyD;
i,f½G,fEke,f[ef &Sdygonf/
]]rif;emrnfu omatmifwJhvm;}}
q&mxGufoGm;awmh olu uRefawmhukd cyfwkd;wkd;vSrf;ar;onf/
]]at;....[kwfw,f? bmjzpfvkdYvJ}}
uRefawmfuvnf; wkd;wkd;jyefajz&if; olYukd pl;prf;ovkd
Munfhrdonf/
olu ol\ qHyifwkdwkdav;ukd nmvufESifh ukwf&if; [ufceJ
&,fonf/
]]omatmifqkdawmh aumufpkduform;emrnfBuD;aemf}} Com
mercial
use o
f this b
ook w
ill be
at you
r OW
N RISK !
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 181
]][....bmqkdifvkdYvJ}}
uRefawmf\toHu ½kwfw&uf us,foGm;ygonf/
]][kdoDcsif;xJrSm ygw,fav? zkd;omatmifa&....AsdKUAsdKU....
aumufpkdufzkdY vkdufrvm;? vkdufrvm;.... qkdwmav}}
olu toHaetoHxm;ESifh cyfwkd;wkd;qkdjy&if; &,faeonf/
uRefawmhukd avSmifrsm;avSmifaewmvm;[k awG;um pdwfwkdcsifcsif
jzpfoGm;onf/
]]ighemrnfuawmh csrf;om wJh}}
oluqufajymonf/
]]tif;....olaX;emrnfaygh}}
uRefawmhfpum;Mum;awmh olNyHK;oGm;ygonf/
]]'gayrJh rif;ukdMunfh&wmawmh aX;yHkvJ r&bl;}}
uRefawmfu aemufqufwGJpum;ukd qufNyD; ajymvkdufawmh
ol\NyHK;aeaomrsufESmav;onf ½IHUrJYrJYjzpfoGm;onf/
]]igu raX;ayr,fh ightazuawmh olaX;uG}}
]]rif;tazolaX;qkd&if rif;vG,fxm;wJh vG,ftdwfBuD;u bmvkdY
a[mif;ae pkwfae&wmvJ? rif;ukd bmvkdY vG,ftdwftopf
0,fray;EkdifwmvJ....uJ....}}
uRefawmfi,fi,fu awmfawmfqkd;ygonf/ pdwfvnf; tvGefqwf
ygonf/ ukd,fhukd &efpvmonf[k xifvQifvnf; cHavhr&Sdyg/
vufwHkYjyef&ef? &efjzpf&efvnf; enf;enf;rQ 0efrav; wwfyg/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 182
okdYaomf oluawmh uRefawmhvkd url;½SL;xkd;orm; r[kwfay/
olYukd &efpvmaom uRefawmhukd jyefvSefNyD; &efpum;ajym&efvnf;
pdwf0ifpm;yHk r&ay/
]]at;....[kwfw,f? 'Dwpfcg tazvm&if vG,ftdwftopf
0,fay;zkdY ajym&r,f}} olu ol\vG,ftdwfa[mif;BuD;ukd pkdufMunfh&if;
cyfwkd;wkd; ajymonf/ xkdYaemuf uRefawmhukd vSrf;MunfhNyD; ryGifhwyGifh
NyHK;jyonf/
]]ightazu olaX;qkdayr,fh igwkdYqD tNrJvmwm r[kwfbl;uG?
olYrSm rdef;rawGrS trsm;BuD;yJ}}
]][if....}}
ol\pum;ukd Mum;&awmh uRefawmf ½kwfw&uf thHMoNyD;
tm;emoGm;rdygonf/ olYrsufESmukd vufoD;ESifh wpfcsufavmuf
xkd;xnfhvkdufcsifaom pdwful;vnf; aysmufoGm;onf/
]]rdef;rawGuvnf; arG;vkdufMuwJh uav;awGqkdwm
ajymraeygeJYawmh? ightar wpfa,mufwnf;uwif ajcmufa,muf/
'djyif rdef;rawGuvJ tNydKiftqkdifukd w½Twf½TwfeJY arG;vkdufMuwm?
a[m wpfa,muf a[m wpfa,mufyJ/ tazao&if tazhtarGukd
rdef;r wpfusdyfavmufeJU om;orD; oHk;usdyfavmufu cGJ,lMu&rSm
[if;....[if;....}}
olu tckrSawGYaom uRefawmhukd yGifhvif;pGm ajymonf/
ol\qHyifwkdwkdav;ukd nmvufESifhukwf&if; &,fjyefonf/
'Dwpfcgawmh uRefawmfyg olESifhtwl vkdufNyD; &,farmrdonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 183
]]rdef;rawGuvnf; uJygw,fAsm/ olwkdYu *kPfawG aiGawG
rufwwfwmukd;/ rif;tazu olaX;r[kwfvm;}}
uRefawmfpdwfajyoGm;NyDrkdY uRefawmfzwfump tcspf0w¬KxJrS
pum;rsm;ukd ajymrdonf/ okdYaomf csrf;omu uRefawmhpum;ukd
vufrcH? acgif;cgavonf/
]]*kPfrufwmuawmh rdef;rrS a,musfm;rS r[kwfygbl;uGm/
vlawG[m *kPfrufwmygyJ? *kPfukd wu,frrufwJhol aiGukd
wu,frrufwJhol ½SdEkdifyghrvm;}}
]]½SdEkdifwmayghuG}}
]]iguawmh w,frxifygbl;}}
]]uJ....'Dvkdqkd rif;a&m *kPfrufovm; aiGrufovm; ajym}}
uRefawmfu tusaumufNyD; ar;rdjyefonf/ olYukd
&efvkdaomrsufESmxm;ESifh Munfhrdjyefonf/ oluawmh uRefawmhukd
]rodom;em;rvnf&efaum} [laom tMunfhrsdK;ESifh jyefMunfhum
NyHK;aeonf/
tckrSawGYaom uRefawmfwkdYESpfa,mufonf i,fi,fuwnf;u
aygif;vmaom olrsm;vkd csufcsif;&if;ESD;oGm;Muygonf/ olu
olYtaMumif;ukd ruG,fr0SufbJ yGifhvif;pGm ajymjycJhonfh twGufaMumifh
jzpfrnf xifygonf/
]]ightbkd;u ajymzl;w,f odvm;? olu *kPfvJrufw,f?
aiGvJrufw,f wJh? 'gaMumifh *kPf½Sdatmifvnf;aew,f?
aiG½Sdatmifvnf; vkyfw,f wJh....at; igvJ ightbkd;vkdyJ
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 184
*kPfvJrufw,f? aiGvJrufw,f? *kPf½Sdatmifvnf; BudK;pm;r,f?
aiG½Sdatmifvnf; BudK;pm;r,f}}
'Dwpfcgawmh uRefawmfrsufESm½IHU&rnfhtvSnfh jzpfonf/
uRefawmfzwfzl;aom tcspf0w¬KxJrS Zmwfvkdufrsm;uawmh
xkdokdYajymavhr½SdMuyg? *kPfESifhaiGonf cspfjcif;arwåm\ &efolawmfrsm;
jzpfMuygonf/
uRefawmhrsufESm cyf½IHU½IHU jzpfoGm;awmh olu bmrQ
qufrajymawmhbJ olaemufusaeaom pmrsm;ukd ul;&efjyifqifonf/
olYukd wpfpHkwpf&m acsypum; ajymvkdaomfvnf;
bmajym&rSef;rodí Nidrfaevkduf&onf/ wu,fawG;Munfhawmhvnf;
olajymonfrSm [kwfovkdvkd[k twGif;pdwfu awG;aerdjyefonf/
]]ul;&r,fhpmawGu awmfawmfrsm;w,f....rif;pmtkyfawG tdrfukd
wpf&ufavmuf iSm;vkdufygvm;}}
]]tif;....,loGm;av? wcsdKUpmtkyfawGvJ ighukday;vkdufaygh?
ulNyD;ul;ay;yghr,f? igu vufa&;awmh rvSbl;aemf}}
olu a&;vufppmukd &yfNyD; csdK½TifpGmNyHK;onf/ uRefawmhukd
aus;Zl;wifpGm vSrf;Munfhonf/
]]aus;Zl;ygyJ....zkd;omatmif&m}}
xkdaeY xkdtcsdefupNyD; olESifhuRefawmfonf wusufusuf
&efjzpfavh½SdMuaomfvnf; tcifrifqHk; twGJrdqHk; oli,fcsif;ESpfOD;
jzpfcJhMuygonf/
Ä
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 185
1964-65 ckESpf pmoifESpfwGif uRefawmfwkdYESpfOD;vHk;
pufrIwuúokdvfokdY wufa&mufcGifh &cJhMuonf/
]]igu tpkd;&vcpm;vkyfzkdYawmh 0goemrygbl;uG? 'gayrJh
bDtD;bGJU[m ½dk;½kd;bDtufpDbGJUxufawmh ykdNyD; *kPf½Sdwm trSefyJ}}
csrf;omonf ol\ed,mrtwkdif; ykdí *kPf½Sdonf[k
xifaombGJYukd &,l&ef a½G;cs,fcJhygonf/
]]ightbkd;u OD;odef;wJh? olYvufxufrSm odef;eJYcsDNyD;
csrf;omcJhw,fwJh/ a[m ightaz emrnfusawmh OD;oef; wJh? odef;eJY
t&if;wnfvkdufwm oef;eJYcsDNyD; wkd;yGm;vmw,f? uJ ighemrnfusawmh
tazu rSnfhay;vkdufwm csrf;om wJh? 'gayrJh ckxufxd
rcsrf;omao;bl;}}
olu rMumcP ajymwwfonf/ Mum;&zefrsm;awmh twefi,f
em;Mum;jyif;uyfrdonf/
]]tck ighvufxJrSm aiGwpfaxmifNynfhatmifawmif wpfcgrS
rukdifzl;ao;bl;? 'gayrJh ightouf av;q,fjynfhwJhtcgus&if
tdrfykdifeJY um;ykdifeJY aiGq,fodef;xufrenf; csrf;omae&r,fuG?
tJ'g[m igh&JU t"d|mefyJ}}
]]'DrSmcsrf;om? rif;ukd igtm;remwrf; ar;r,faemf? rif;u bmvkdY
'Davmuf csrf;omcsifae&wmvJ? bmvkdY 'Davmufawmif aiGpum;
ajymae&wmvJ}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 186
wpfcgawmh uRefawmfu NidrfraeEkdifawmhbJ ajAmifzGifhar;rdonf/
olonf odyfNyD; roHk;Ekdif rpGJEkdifaomfvnf; olaX;om; wpfOD;yif
jzpfonf/ raygrsm;aomfvnf; yg;½Sm;EGrf;yg;olawmh r[kwfyg/
]]igcsrf;omcsifwmu tcsufoHk;csufaMumifhyJ/ yxrqHk;tcsufu
ightartwGuf}}
olu uRefawmhukd cyfpl;pl;pkdufMunfhNyD; avat;av;ESifh
ajymonf/
]]ightar[m olaX;r,m;om vkyfae&w,f? olYb0[m
tvum;yJ}}
olESifhuRefawmf wwGJwGJESifh cifMuaomfvnf;? olYtdrfokdY
uRefawmfwpfcgrQ ra&mufzl;yg/ oluvnf; tdrfvnfvm&ef
zdwfac:jcif; vHk;0r½SdcJhay/
]]tdrf aumif;aumif;eJUae xrif; aumif;aumif; [if;
aumif;aumif;awG pm;ae&ayr,fh olYpdwfeJY olYukd,f bmukdrS pDrHykdifcGifh
vkyfykdifcGifh qHk;jzwfykdifcGifh r½Sdbl;/ olaX;uawmfeJY wlatmif pdefawG
a½TawGawmh 0wfpm;xm;&ygw,f/ 'gayrJh 'gawGukd olwu,fykdifwm
r[kwfbl;? wpfvwpfv tazwkdif;NyD;ay;wJh aps;zkd;uvGJvkdY
olYvufxJrSm aiGykdaiGvQHvJ r½Sdbl;}}
csrf;omu oufjyif;½Idufonf/ uRefawmhukd rcsdNyHK; NyHK;jyonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 187
]]igav-ightarukd aiGawGyHkNyD; ay;csifw,f? a&mh tar?
tarvkyfcsifwmvkyfzkdY vSLcsifwmvSLzkdY ay;csifwmay;zkdY vkdY
tm;&yg;&BuD; ajymcsifw,f? NyHK;oGm;r,fh tarhrsufESmukd
Munfhcsifw,f}}
olYukd uRefawmf wtHhwMo Munfhaerdonf/ olYtarukd ol
'Davmufcspfvdrfhrnf[k uRefawmfrxifcJhrdyg/
]]'kwd,tcsufuawmh ighqD ighb0xJukd a&mufvmr,fh
igh&JUom;orD;awGtwGufyJ}}
]][....tJ'gu ta0;BuD;vkdao;wmyJ}}
]]at;.....'gayrJh olwkdYtwGuf igu tppt&m&m BudKwifNyD;
jyifqifxm;csifw,f/ igr&cJhwJharwåm? igr&cJhwJh tcGifhta&;awGukd
tjynfht0ay;csifw,f? olaX;om;emrnfcHNyD; vG,ftdwfpkwfeJY
ajcusifausmif;wuf&wJh b0rsdK;ukd igrarhbl;}}
olYtoHu twefi,f wkef&DoGm;onf/ uRefawmfvnf;
tawmfav; rsufESmyloGm;onf/ olpNyD; ausmif;wufonfhaeYwGif
]]rif;taz olaX;qkd&if rif;vG,fxm;wJh vG,ftdwfBuD;u bmjzpfvkdY
a[mif;aepkwfae&wmvJ}} [k ar;cJhzl;aom uRefawmhpum;ukd olarhyHk
r&yg/
]]wwd, tcsufuawmh ightwGufyJ qkdygawmhuGm? csrf;omwJh
vlwpfa,muf[m qif;&JwJh vlwpfa,mufxuf ykdNyD; vkyfcsifwmukd
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 188
vkyfcGifh½Sdw,f? vkyfEkdifw,f r[kwfvm;}} wwd,tcsufudkawmh olu
cyfayghayghyif ajymonf/
csrf;omonf wpfaeYaeY wpfcsdefcsdefwGif olarQmfrSef;ovkd
csrf;omvm&rnfukd uRefawmf&mEIef;jynfh ,HkMunfrdonf/ olonf
aiG½Sm&ef aiGpk&ef 0goemukd ygolwpfOD; jzpfonf/ wpfae&mrS
wpfae&mokdY taysmfc&D;oGm;vQifyif b,fawmhrS vufvGwfoGm;avh
r½Sday/ xkda'owGif ½Sm;aomukefukd 0,foGm;NyD; jyefvmvQif
þa'owGif ½Sm;aomukefukd jyefNyD;o,fvmwwfol jzpfonf/xkdYaMumifh
olb,fc&D;oGm;oGm; b,fawmhrQ t½IH;r½Sdwwfay? tenf;qHk;
c&D;p&dwf avmufawmh ausNrJjzpfonf/
]]tckaeom aiGuav; oHk;av;ig;odef;avmuf½Sd&if
odyfaumif;rSmyJ}}
1970 jynfhESpf uRefawmfwkdY yÍörESpfwufaom tcsdefwGif
csrf;omu cyfnnf;nnf; ajymaewwfonf/ &efukefNrdKUajryHkukd
olYpm;yGJay:wGif jzefYcs&if; pl;pkdufNyD; Munfhaewwfonf/
]]oHk;av;ig;odef;qkdwm enf;wJhaiGvm;[? csrf;om&....rif;u
&efukefNrdKUukd 0,frvkdYvm;}}
xkdpOfu uRefawmfwkdY\ taqmifaMu;rSm wpfvvQif
ig;q,fhckepfusyfom jzpfonf/ xkdig;q,fhckepfusyfESifh taqmifu
eHeufwGif vufzuf&nf aumfzD wkdufEkdifonf/ rkefYauR;Ekdifonf/
xrif;pm;csdefwGif Muufom; 0ufom; auR;Ekdifygonf/ rkefY[if;cg;
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 189
wpfyGJukd taMumfryg wpfrwf? bl;oD;aMumfESifhrS jym;av;q,f?
qDcsufacgufqGJ wpfxkyf oHk;rwf? MumZHaMumf acgufqGJaMumf
ig;rwfqkdawmh odef;aomif;rajymESifh &maxmif[laom
aiGaMu;onfyifvQif uRefawmfwkdY twkdif;twmtaeESifh tvGef
rsm;jym;aeNyD jzpfonf/ wpfodef;[laom aiGyrmPukd pm;yGJay:wGif
yHkMunfhvQif xkdaiGyHkBuD;onf rnfrQ jrifhwufaernfukd uRefawmf
rSef;qíyif rMunfhwwfyg/
]]urÇmeJU,SOfMunfh&if tJ....wjcm;wkdif;jynfu NrdKUawmfBuD;awGeJU
,SOfMunfh&if igwkdY&efukefNrdKUu ajraps;awGu odyfenf;aeao;w,f
zkd;omatmifa&? wu,fh ae&maumif;awGrSmawmif wpfodef;
0ef;usifavmufyJ ½Sdao;w,f? wcsdKUae&mawGrSmqkd
aomif;*Pef;eJYawmif &w,f/ tckigawGYxm;wm oHk;av;ig;ae&m
avmufyJ&Sdw,f? igavmif;&Jw,fuGm tJ'DajrawGukd 0,fNyD;
ypfxm;vkduf? aemif av;ig;q,fESpfae&if a&mif;pm;? q,fq
q,fhig;q rubl; jrwfap&r,f....}}
]]'gqkd0,faygh}}
]]Mo....b,frvJ ykdufqH}}
]]rif;tazqDuawmif;aygh}}
]]om;orD;oHk;usdyfawmif ausmfaeNyDarmif? tazhaiGukd rSef;&if
pdwfqif;&J&rSmaygh}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 190
]]'gqdk a,mu©raiGeJU0,fuGm}}
uRefawmfu tajymiftysuf ajymvkdufjcif; jzpfonf/
ol&,farmvdrfhrnf xifaomfvnf; olu r&,fyg/ uRefawmhukd
cyfawGawG Munfhaeygonf/
]]tif;-tck ightoufu ESpfq,fhoHk;? tckae rdef;r,l&if
igtoufav;q,fqkd&if ighom; vlysdKayguf jzpfaeNyD/
odyfawmhrqkd;bl;/ ausmif;NyD;rS ,l&ifawmif enf;enf;
aemufusoGm;Edkifw,f/ tif;....aumif;w,f? om;OD;eJY tazeJY
touftpdyfxuf ykduGmoGm;&if raumif;bl;}}
olYab;wGif uRefawmf&Sdaeonfukdyif olu &kwfw&uf
arhoGm;[ef½Sdonf/ olY[mol wpfOD;wnf; a&wGufum
wGufcsufaeonf/
]]aeygOD;? rif;u rdef;r,l&atmif BudKufwJhol ½SdvkdYvm;}}
uRefawmfu ar;vkdufawmh olu uRefawmhukd cyfaMumifaMumif
vSrf;Munfhonf/ ]ig b,fvkdrdef;rukdrS BudKNyD; BudKufrxm;bl;av/
ighrdef;rjzpfvmr,fh olukdyJ tqifoifh BudKufvkduf½kHaygh}}
]]olYukd BudKufrvm&ifa&m}}
]][-igBudKufrvmEkdifwJholqkd&if igubmvkdY,l&rSmvJ}}
olu cyfvG,fvG,fyif ajymonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 191
oHk;vavmufaeawmh olYqDrS r*Fvmaqmifzdwfpm a&mufvmonf/
owkdYorD;u pufolaX;wpfOD;\ wpfOD;wnf;aom tarGpm;tarGcH
orD;av;jzpfavonf/
Ä
1980 jynfhESpf/
olonf uRefawmf\ tvkyfpm;yGJab;okdY a&mufvmavonf/
½kwfw&uf armfrMunfhjzpfaom uRefawmf\ab;wGif vufESpfbufukd
aemufokdYypfum cyf½kdU½kdU&yf&if; ]]uRefawmf q&mOD;omatmifeJY
cPavmuf awGYcsifvkdYygcifAsm}} [k ½kdusdK;pGm ajymonf/
]][m....csrf;om? rif;uGm}}
trSwfwrJh armfMunfhvkdufaom uRefawmfu 0rf;omtm;&
atmfvkdufawmhrS olu tm;&yg;& &,fonf/ uRefawmf\ycHk;ukd
remrusifxkd;onf/
]]rif;uGm....0vmvkdufwm....ausmif;wkef;uvkd ydefydefao;ao;av;
r[kwfawmhbl;? taqmufttHkyHkpHawG wtm;qGJNyD; t&rf;axmaeNyD
r[kwfvm; AdokumBuD;&JU}}
]]uRefawmfwkdYrSm vufvIyfrS yg;pyfvIyf&wJh b0qkdawmh
'Dvufuav; ESpfbufukd tem;ray;&JbJ wpfcsdefvHk; ckdif;ae&w,f
olaX;rif;&JU/ tm;csdefr½Sd em;csdefr½Sd? tm;upm;vJ rvkyfEkdif?
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 192
a*gufoD;½kdufzdkYqkd a0vma0;/ 'DawmhvJ tqDpkNyD;awmh
0vmwmayghAsm/ rcsrf;omí 0aom 0jcif;yg}}
]][....rif;u toufom BuD;vmw,f? vQmuawmh t&ifvQm
twkdif;ygyJvm;? uJ....uJ 'Dvkdqkd MunfhygOD;? csrf;omqkdwJh taumif?
olaX;emrnfeJYtaumif? wu,fa&m olaX;yHkaygufNyDvm;vkdY}}
olar;awmh uRefawmfa&m ola&m i,fb0ukd jyefowd&um
[uf[ufyufyuf &,frdMuonf/
]]rif; toufav;q,f rjynfhao;ayr,fh rif;arQmfrSef;ovkd
tdrfykdifum;ykdif ½SdaeNyDr[kwfvm;/ aiGvJ q,fodef;rubl; ½Sdr,f
qkdwm igodygw,fuGm/ rif;tarBuD;a&m aeaumif;&JUvm;}}
olu acgif;ndwfonf/
]]tar ckodyfNyD; pdwfcsrf;omaew,f? tarhukdjyKpkwJh
*kPfaus;Zl;aMumifhyJvkdY ig,HkMunfwmyJ/ igvkyforQtvkyfawGvJ
tNrJatmifjrifw,f odvm;? zkd;omatmif}}
]]uJ-tcka&m rif;wpfckckvkyfzkdY pOf;pm;NyD; ighqDa&mufvmwm
r[kwfvm;? rif; ighukd b,favmuf cifcif tvnfoufoufawmh
rvmtm;bl;qkdwm igodw,f}}
]]at;....[kwfw,f? rif;ukd tdrfyHkpHawG qGJckdif;zkdY}}
]]b,fae&mrSmvJ}}
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 193
]]ae&mawGrS pHkvkdY? vGefcJhwJhq,fESpfavmufu 0,fxm;wJhajrawG/
0if'grD,m a½TawmifMum; wHwm;jzL ajcmufrdkifcGJ ckepfrkdifcGJ
pGyfus,fpufvrf; uefvrf;}} xkdajrae&mrsm;onf
wu,fhae&maumif;rsm; jzpfonf/ vGefcJhaomq,fESpfu
&efukefNrdKUajryHkav;ukd pm;yGJay:wGif csNyD;Munfh&if; pdwful;,OfcJhaom
ol\pdwful;onf taumiftxnf ay:vmNyDjzpfonf/
]]rif; oH½kH;iSm;rSmvm;}}
]]tif;-iSm;vkdY&wJhae&mvJ iSm;? iSm;r&wJhae&m qkd&ifvJ
tdrfaqmufNyD;rS a&mif;awmh aps;ykd&wmaygh? ajrtaetxm;
vkdufMunfhNyD rif;pdwfBudKuf qGJcsifovkdqGJ? aumif;&if NyD;a&m
b,favmufukefukef igaqmufr,f}}
]]edyf[}}
uRefawmfvnf; 0rf;omoGm;ygonf/ ]]aps;oufoufomomav;
vkyfay;ygaemf ykdufqHodyfr½Sdygbl;? acRacRwmwmav; aqmuf&rSm}]
[laom tvkyf½Sifrsm;\ pdwfBudKuf toufomqHk;ukdom tNrJ
pOf;pm;ae&aom uRefawmhcifrsm Adokumb0ukdyif NiD;aiGYcsifaeNyD
jzpfonf/ csrf;omvkd tvkyf½SifrsdK;ukdum; tvGefYtvGef
uHaumif;aomtcgusrS wpfa,mufwpfav awGY&wwfygonf/
]]tdrfaps;awG ajraps;awGu rif;rSef;cJhovkd w&dyf&dyf wufvmaeNyD
oli,fcsif;? rif;awmh emrnfeJYvkdufatmif csrf;omOD;r,f?
tckcsrf;omwmxuf trsm;BuD;ykdNyD; csrf;omOD;r,f}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 194
]]a[h-a[h csrf;omaom csrf;om jzpfOD;r,faygh [kwfvm;}}
xkdaeYu uRefawmf tvkyftawmfysufoGm;ygonf/ olESifhtwl
a&mufwwf&m&m pum;av;awG ajym&if; i,fb0ukd jyefvGrf;&if;
aeYwpf0ufcefY ukefoGm;onf/
]]wpfckawmh ighb0ukd igrauseyfbl;uG odvm; zkd;omatmif/
igu om;orD; av;ig;ajcmufa,muf vkdcsifwm/ 'gayrJh tckawmh
om;av;wpfa,mufyJ &w,f}}
]]ryleJY? tJ'Dom;av;u rif;tazeJYwlae&if NyD;wmyJ? rif;twGuf
orD;acR;rawG wpfusdyfavmuf ac:vmay;vdrfhr,f}}
]]acG;aumif....rOD;rcRwfrajymeJY}}
csrf;omu uRefawmhukd qJonf/
]]ighom;u ukd;ESpfjynfhcgeD;NyDuG? 'Dtaumif pmodyfawmfw,farmif/
twef;xJrSmqkd tNrJ yxr csnfhyJ? OmPfvJ odyfaumif;w,f/
pmusufvkduf&ifvJ cPeJY &oGm;wmyJ/ 'gayrJh 0D&d,awmh enf;enf;rS
r½Sdbl;/ odyfysif;w,f? OmPfaumif;vGef;vkdYom olY[mol awmfaewm}}
olYom;taMumif; ajymaepOf ol\rsufvHk;rsm;onf
ta&mif½Tef;vufum NydK;jyufvmonf/ om;orD;twGuf BudKwifNyD;
csrf;omcsifcJhaom csrf;omonf ,cktcgwGif olYom;tm; rnfrQcspfNyD;
rnfrQtvkdvkdufaernfenf; [k uRefawmf pOf;pm;aerdonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 195
olYb0ukdol pDrHudef;csvmcJhaom csrf;omonf olYom;twGufvnf;
pDrHudef;awG BudKwifNyD; csaeavmufayNyD/
]]rif; uav;ukd odyfvTwfNyD; tvkdvkdufraeeJYaemf}}
]]ig tvkdvkdufcsifwmawmif vkdufp&m rusefawmhvkdY
pdwfnpfae&w,f oli,fcsif;}}
olu cyfNyHK;NyHK;ajymonf/
]]ightarua&m ighrdef;rua&m [kdbuf tbkd;tbGm;ua&m
oJoJvIyfaeMuwm? ol bmvkdkcsifvkdcsif csufcsif;yJ? aMomf....rif;ukd
ighom;emrnfajym&OD;r,f? om;emrnfu ]jynfhpHk} wJh odvm;}}
olYom;\b0ukd tppt&m&m jynfhpHkap&ef &nfñTef;NyD; ]jynfhpHk}
[k rSnfhaMumif;ukdum; ½Sif;jyp&m rvkdawmhyg? uRefawmf
em;vnfygonf/
]]om;uav;jynfhpHk? jynfhonfxuf jynfh? pHkonfxuf pHkzkdY
tazOD;csrf;omBuD;u BudK;pm;aewmaygh....[kwfvm;}}
uRefawmfu ajymvkdufawmh olu oabmuspGmESifh w[m;[m;
&,faeonf/
]]&efolrsdK;ig;yg;u rzsufqD;vkdYuawmh ighom; wpfoufrubl;?
q,fouf pm;rukefatmif ½SmazGpkyHkay;cJhr,fuG odvm;}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 196
zcifwpfOD;\ arwåm? apwem? arQmfvifhjcif;? wuf<ujcif;
a&mifjcnfrsm; ,Sufoef;aeaom olYrsufESmonf ½TifMunfvef;qef;NyD;
EkysdKaeygonf/
Ä
1990/
tcgwkdif; olu uRefawmhqD tNrJvmNrJjzpfaomfvnf;
'Dwpfcgawmh olYqDokdY uRefawmfoGm;aeygonf/
]]csrf;om....aiGaMu; csrf;omcJh&ayr,fh pdwfrcsrf;omcJh&ygvm;
csrf;om&,f}}
pum;yef;jzLjzLav;awG a<uusaeaom awmifaMumvrf;uav;rS
ajz;av;pGm avQmufvSrf;wufae&if; uRefawmf pdwfxJrS
a&½Gwfaerdonf/ vlola0;&m ppfukdif;acsmifokdY a½Smifajy;aeolrkdY
uRefawmhukd awGYrSawGYcsifyghrvm;[kvnf; awG;awm pkd;&drfaerdonf/
olESifhuRefawmf rawGYjzpfonfrSm ESpfESpfausmfausmf½SdayNyD/ 1987
ckESpf ESpfukefykdif;wGif uRefawmf e,fomvif EkdifiHokdY bGJYvGeftwGuf
ynmawmfoifoGm;&onf/ xkdpOfu csrf;oma&m ol\om;
jynfhpHkuav;a&m avqdyfokdY vkdufvHykdYaqmifMuao;onf/
uRefawmfu }}rif; bmvkdcsifvJ jynfhpHk? OD;OD; bm0,fcJh&rvJ}}[k
ar;awmh olu acwårQ rsufarSmifav;ukwf pOf;pm;NyD;rS &,fBuJBuJESifh
acgif;cgonf/ ]]uRefawmf bmvkdcsifrSef;awmif rodbl; OD;OD;&JU}} [k Com
mercial
use o
f this b
ook w
ill be
at you
r OW
N RISK !
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 197
ajymonf/ tpp t&m&m NyD;jynfhpHkaeonfrSm xif½Sm;aeonfh
oabmrkdY csrf;omu uRefawmhtm; rsufpypfjy&if; auseyfpGm
NyHK;aeonf/
]]tck ighom; q,fhckepfESpfjynfhawmhr,f odvm;? zkd;omatmif/
q,fh½SpfESpfjynfhwJhaeYus&if ig olYukd aiGt&if;tESD; xkwfay;r,f?
olvkyfcsifwJh pD;yGm;a&;tvkyfukdvkyf? 'grS olYtpGrf;tp
b,favmuf½SdvJ od&r,f? wkd;vm&if awmfvkdYyJ? avsmhoGm;&ifawmh
nHhvkdYyJayghuGm....aemf}}
]][kwfvm;....ighom;}}
]]i,fygao;w,f csrf;om&m}}
]]q,fh½SpfESpfqkdwm vlvm;ajrmufNyD oli,fcsif;&/ pD;yGm;a&;e,fxJ
wpf&ufapm a&muf&if wpf&ufapmNyD; csrf;omzkdYyJ r[kwfvm;/ igu
olYukd wrif vTwfay;wmyg? 'grSvJ ukd,fpGrf; ukd,fpawG wkd;vm
wufvmrSm}}
]]jynfhpHkwJh b0rSm csrf;omzkdY vkdao;vkdYvm;uGm}}
]]csrf;omzkdYawmh tNrJvkdaerSmaygh zkd;omatmif&m/ igu olYtwGuf
tvkyfvkyfcJhw,f? oluvJ olYqDvmr,fh om;orD;awGtwGuf tvkyf
qufvkyf&rSmaygh}} csrf;omu ol\cH,lcsufrsm;ukd olYom;\acgif;xJokdY
½kdufoGif;aecJhonf/ olYom;onf olvkdvlpm; [kwfr[kwfukdrl
pOf;pm;rdyHk r&ay/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 198
]]uJ....oGm;awmh oli,fcsif;/ igu pma&;ysif;w,fuGm/ rif;qDukd
pma&;jzpfrSmawmh r[kwfbl;? pmrarQmfeJY/ 'gayrJh rif;jyefvm&if
tdrfyHkpHqGJzkdY ajrwpfuGuf ESpfuGufavmufawmh
½Sm0,fxm;r,f....'Dwpfcg e,fomvif pwkdifav;ayghuGm? [kwfvm;}}
avqdyftwGif;cef;xJokdY 0ifcgeD;awmh olu &,f&,farmarmESifh
EIwfqufonf/ olYtusifhtwkdif; uRefawmf\ycHk;ukd remrusif
xkd;vkdufao;onf/
]]tJ'g[m olYukd ig vl0wfeJY aemufqHk;awGY&wm jzpfaeNyDaygh}}
wdwfqdwfNidrfoufaeaom awmifcg;yef;wGif acwårQ &yfum
tarmajz&if; uRefawmfu pdwfrcsrf;ajrUpGm awG;rdonf/ olu
olYpum;twkdif; uRefawmhqDokdY pmra&;cJhay? uRefawmfuvnf;
olYqDupmukd vHk;0 rarQmfrd? 1988 ESpfukefykdif;avmufwGifrl
c&pfprwfuwf uav;wpfck a&mufvmonf/
]ajr0,fxm;NyD;NyD? aeaumif;&JUvm; oli,fcsif;} [k
wkdwkdwkwfwkwf a&;xm;onf/ 'Daemufawmh olYqDrS
bmowif;pum;ukdrQ rMum;cJh&ay/
1990 jynfh ESpfOD;ykdif;wGif uRefawmf jrefrmjynfjyefa&mufawmh
avqdyfwGif vmBudKolrsm;xJü olrsm;ygavrvm;[k xifrdao;onf/
okdYaomf ygrvmacs/ tdrfa&mufaom tcgusrS uRefawmhZeD;u
at;at;aq;aq; ajymjyonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 199
]]ukdcsrf;omBuD;awmh bkef;BuD;0wfoGm;NyD}}
]][....b,fvkdjzpfwmvJ}}
]]olYom;av; qHk;oGm;vkdYav}}
]][,f....jynfhpHkvm;}}
]][kwfw,f....jynfhpHkav;ukd olu aiGt&if;tESD;oHk;odef;
xkwfay;w,f/ pD;yGm;a&;wpfckck vkyfprf;uGm qkdNyD; ajr§mufay;w,f/
jynfhpHku aiGxkyfykdufNyD; ½Srf;jynfbuf wufoGm;w,fav/
ausmufwl;rvkdvkd ukeful;rvkdvkdaygh? oHk;vavmuf aeawmhrS
jyefa&mufvmw,fwJh? aiGvJ wpfjym;rS rusefawmhbl;? vluvJ
bdef;jzLpGJvmw,fwJh....}}
]][m uGm}}
]]olYcrsmvJ tJ'DawmhrS txdwfwvefYeJY ,lBuHK;r& jzpf&awmhwmyJ?
olYom;ukd acsmhajymvkduf? ajcmufajymvkduf? ikdajymvkdufeJU? 'gayrJh
olYom;u tbkd;tbGm;a&m? taztara&m? b,folYukdrS
*½krpkdufawmhbl;? olvkyfcsifwm? olvkdcsifwmukd tNrJ&cJhwJhuav;
r[kwfvm; tpfukd&,f? wpfoufvHk; twm;tqD;cHzl;wJh
olrSr[kwfwm? tJ'geJY wpfaeYusawmh olu qlylBudrf;armif;NyD;
q&m0eftdrfac:vm? tcef;xJ aomhcwfNyD; aq;jzwfckdif;zkdY pDpOfw,f/
tJ'DrSmwif olYom; xGufajy;awmhwmyJ? aemufwpfaeYusawmh
raumif;wJhrdef;rtdrfrSm aq;xkd;tyfwef;vef;eJY aoaewm
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 200
awGY&awmhwmyJ wJh? aq;vGefoGm;wm qkdvm; bmvm; rodygbl;
tpfukd&,f? pdwfrcsrf;omp&mBuD;yg? tpfukd pdwfraumif;rSmpkd;vkdY
pmxJawmif xnfhra&;awmhbl;? vmrSyJ odygapawmhvkdY}}
]]jzpfrS jzpf&avuGm}}
xkdaeYnu uRefawmf tdyfr&awmhojzifh tdyfaq;aomufNyD;
tdyfcJh&onf/ ol\om;ukd ol rnfrQcspfaMumif;? tm;xm;aMumif;?
arQmfvifhaMumif; uRefawmf todqHk; jzpfygonf/ olYom;i,f
qHk;yg;oGm;jcif;onf olpepfwus wnfaqmufcJhaom olYb0wpfckvHk;
tpdyfpdyftrTmrTm aMurGoGm;jcif;yif jzpfonf/
]]t&Sifbk&m;? 'Dausmif;rSm OD;Zif; OD;csrf;omrsm; ½Sdygovm;
bk&m;? olY&JU &[ef;bGJYtrnfukdawmh wynfhawmf taotcsm rodbl;
bk&mY}}
jrefrmukudúKyifBuD; atmufwGif wHjrufpnf; vSnf;aeaom
OD;Zif;wpfyg;ukd 0wfjznfh&if; ar;avQmufrdpOf uRefawmf\
aemufbufrS ac:oHukd Mum;&onf/
]]'umBuD; zkd;omatmif}}
uRefawmf uref;uwef;vSnfhMunfhrdawmh uRefawmhukd&Da0pGm
Munfhaeaom bkef;BuD;tkdBuD;wpfyg;ukd awGY&onf/ bk&m;....bk&m;-
uRefawmfwkdYuGJaeonfh ESpfESpfausmfausmf oHk;ESpfeD;yg; tcsdefav;twGif;
ol þrQtkdNyD; þrQ ydefoGm;Ekdifvdrfhrnf[k uRefawmf vHk;0rxifcJhrdyg/
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 201
pdwf\ at;csrf;&m at;csrf;aMumif;twGuf w&m;&dyfwGif vma&muf
ckdvIHaeaomfvnf; olY&ifxJrS rD;tylukd w&m;"r®jzifh trSefwu,f
rxdef;Ekdifao;aMumif;vnf; odom xif&Sm;aeygonf/
]]OD;Zif;taMumif;awG tukefMum;NyD;NyD r[kwfvm;}}
]]wifyghbk&m;}}
uRefawmfu acgif;iHkYxm;rdonf/ &ifxJwGif qkdYepfum
rsuf&nfawG pkdYwufvmonf/ olESifh awGYcsifvGef;aomaMumifh
wpfarQmfwpfac:BuD; tyifyef;cHum vma&mufcJhaomfvnf;
wu,fawGYawmh uRefawmhwGif ajymp&mpum; r½Sdawmhyg/
olY&ifxJwGif tvQHwnD;nD; awmufavmifaeaom rD;yHkBuD;ukd
Nidrf;owfEkdif&efvnf; uRefawmhwGif tpGrf;tp r½Sdyg/
]]bmvD&nfeJY ZD;azsmf&nfyg bk&m;}}
]]aumif;w,f? OD;Zif; nwkdifus&if avemwwfwmeJY tawmfyJ}}
]]usef;rma&; *½kpkdufyg bk&m;}}
]]aocsdefrwefao;bJeJY aorSmr[kwfygbl;Asm? tcsdefwefawmhvJ
oGm;&rSmaygh}}
uRefawmfwkdYESpfOD;onf pum;ukd jywfawmif;jywfawmif;ajym&if;
jynfhpHkukd owdr&csif[ef aqmifaerdMuonf/ ESpfOD;vHk; rsuf&nf0J
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 202
aeaomfvnf; wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; owd rxm;rdovkd [efaqmifaerd
Muygonf/
]]uJ....OD;Zif;vJ w&m;xkdifvkdufOD;r,f}}
em&D0ufcefYMumawmh olu uRefawmhukd rodrom ESifonf/
uRefawmfvnf; tvkdufwodESifh 0wfjznfhNyD; jyef&efjyif&onf/
jyefumeD;usrS ]]pdwfukd at;csrf;atmif pdwfeJYyJ jyKjyifyg bk&m;}} [k
avQmufrdonf/
]]rD;qkdwm avmifrd&if csufcsif;awmh b,fNidrf;yghrvJ
'umBuD;&,f}}
]]OD;Zif;&ifxJu rD;ukd OD;Zif;wpfyg;wnf;uom Nidrf;EkdifrSmrkdY
BudK;pm;NyD;Nidrf;yg bk&m;}}
'Dwpfcgawmh ola&m uRefawmfa&m rsuf&nfus&onf/
vuf½Sdtajctaet&awmh olY&ifxJu rD;ukdrNidrf;EkdifbJ uRefawmfyg
olESifhtwla&mNyD; avmifaeonf/
]]wu,fawmh usKyfnHhwmygAsm? usKyfom;[m usKyfvkdyJ
pdwf"mwfckdifrmvdrfhr,fvkdY xifcJhrdwmukd;}}
OD;Zif;u rsuf&nfokwf&if; wkef&DpGmajymonf/ ]]olYukd
usKyfurSmvkdufw,f/ ypönf;Opömqkdwm &efolrsdK;ig;yg; rzsufqD;&if
rysufpD;bl;uG/ tpGrf;&Sd&if ½Sdovkd wdk;zkdYcsnf;yJvkdY rSmvkdufw,f}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 203
olu uRefawmfESifhtwl ausmif;0okdY avQmufvSrf;NyD;
vkdufvmonf/
]]tckawmh ajcmufyg;ajrmuf &efolu ESdyfpufvkdufwm
ypönf;ukef½kHwif rubl; vl....yg....}}
OD;Zif;\toHu wdrf0ifoGm;onf/
]]uJ....uJ....oGm;awmh 'umBuD;}}
olu uRefawmhukd oGm;awmh[k ajymaomfvnf; uRefawmfu
&yfvQuf usefcJhum olu ausmif;0if;xJokdY jyefvSnfh0ifoGm;onf/
ur®|mef;ausmif;av;bufokdY jznf;nif;pGm avQmufoGm;onf/
uRefawmfonf rlvae&mwGif &yf&if; ol\ausmjyifukd
ai;Munfhaerdonf/ uRefawmf\em;xJwGif ol qkdYeifhaMuuGJpGm
ajymcJhaom pum;u yJhwifxyfNyD; usefcJhonf/
]]ajcmufyg;ajrmuf&efolu ESdyfpufvkdufwm ypönf;ukef½kHwifrubl;
vlyg....}}
]].... ajcmufyg;ajrmuf....&efolu....ESdyfpufvkdufwm.. .. ypönf;
ukef½kHwifrubl;.... vl.... yg....}}
Ä Ä Ä
(rl;,pfr*¾Zif;? trSwf 6)
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 204
cE¨mh0ef
olYukd uRefr pdwfwkdif;ruswm tawmfukd MumaeNyD/ olY touf
av;q,fausmfvmuwnf;u qkdygawmh/
tif;-a,musfm;awGtwGufuawmh qkd½kd;pum; ½SdwmyJ/
toufav;q,fausmfrS b0pwmwJh/ pD;yGm; Opöm todtvdr®m
OmPfynmawG[m tJ'DtcsdefrSm jynfhpHkvmwwfw,f r[kwfvm;/
tJ'gu a,musfm;awGtwGuf ajymwmygav/ uRefrwkdYrdef;rawG
twGufuawmh av;q,fausmfqkdwJh touf[m tawmfukd
&ifha&mfaeygNyD/ cE¨mukd,f taeeJYvnf; tjzpfxuf tysufbufukd
a½SY½IaeNyD? OD;wnfaeNyD/ jzLoDhoDcsif; ½Sdw,fr[kwfvm;/ ]]ykdvmwJh
tom;awG[m rvkdygwJh cg;ae&m}} qkdwmav? tJ'g[m odyfrSefwmyJ/
uRefrav olYukd rSefxJrSm Munfhrdwkdif; tJ'DoDcsif;ukd owd&w,f/
olYukd t&ifwkef;u wu,fhukd ydefydefao;ao;av;ygvkdY ajym&if
,Hkr,fholawmif ½SdrSmr[kwfbl; xifyg&JU..../
Munfhav....tck olYyHkukd? jrefrmjynfrSm tpma&pmawG tifrwef
aygrsm;<u,f0ygw,fvkdY oufaoxlaewJh cE¨mukd,fBuD;/ [l;.... Com
mercial
use o
f this b
ook w
ill be
at you
r OW
N RISK !
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 205
pdwfysufygw,f/ uRefr olYukd t&ifuxuf ykdNyD; rauR;rdwmuawmh
trSefyg/ oluvnf; odyfNyD; rpm;Ekdif½Smygbl;/ 'gayrJh
wpfaeYwpfjcm;awmh olYtvkdvkdukd 0wufvmwmyJ/ tif;....rdef;rawG[m
toufav;q,fausmfvm&if uspfuspfvspfvspf ao;ao;oG,foG,f
r½SdawmhbJ bmjzpfvkdYrsm; yGpdyGa&mif; jzpfvmMu&wmvJ-[if/
aygifrkefYa&pdrf jzpfcsifjzpf? 'grSr[kwf tDMumauG;a&pdrfavmufawmh
jzpfukefwwfMuwmcsnf;yJ/ >cif;csufawmh ½Sdwmayghav/ *sdef;azmif'gwkdY
cifoef;EkwkdY cif,karwkdY olwkdYuawmh av;q,fausmfayr,fh r0bJ
vSMuwkef;yg/ tif;av....olwkdYuawmh >cif;csufaygh/
rdef;rtrsm;pkuawmh olwkdYukd tm;us&if;eJY ]'gav;wpfckawmh
cGifhvTwfapcsifw,f armif&,f/ r0atmif BudK;pm;ayr,fh rvG,fygbl;
[l;....[l;} qkdwJh oDcsif;ukdyJ qkdaeMu&w,f/ vrf;av;
bmav;avQmuf? avhusifhcef;av; bmav; vkyfMuzkdYvnf;
ysif;Muw,f r[kwfvm;/
uJ....olYtaMumif; qufajymvkdufOD;r,f/ Adkufuylyl
cg;uwkwfwkwfeJY cyfzkdifhzkdifhrdef;rwpfa,mufukd pdwfxJjrifMunfhvkduf/
tJ'golyJ/ aemufNyD; NyHK;csifp&m ajym&OD;r,f/ yg;u tom;awG
avsmhvmNyD; ar;aphatmufrSm oGm;pkwmyJ? 'Dawmh yg;uydefNyD; ar;aphu
ESpfxyfeJY? ½kyf½Sif½kHawG pwkd;qkdifawGu ukd,fvHk;ay:rSefBuD;awGxJrSm
olYukdrsm; ½kwfw&uf vSrf;jrifvkduf&&if uRefrav pdwfukd
npfnpfoGm;wmyJ? ol[m uRefrxifwmavmufawmif MunfhvkdY
raumif;wm tcsdK;rajyawmhwmuawmh trSefyJ/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 206
r*Fvmaqmif qGrf;auR;av;rsm; wpfcgwpfcgoGm;r,fqkd&if olYukd
Munfhaysmf½Iaysmfjzpfatmif jyif&qif&wm[m tawmfukd rvG,fwJh
udpöyJ? 'gaMumifhrkdYvnf; aumif;jcif;ig;jzmxJrSm ]t½G,f\aumif;jcif;}
qkdwm a½SYwef;uygvmwmyJ qkdwm tckrSyJ oabmaygufrdawmhw,f/
olYcrsm ]t½G,f\aumif;jcif;} qkdwJh umvtwkdif;twmukd
vGefajrmufvmNyD; ]t½G,f\ raumif;jcif;} qkdwJh umv tykdif;tjcm;ukd
a&mufvmae½SmNyDyJ/ 'Dawmhvnf; tvsifwkef;uvkdawmh b,fckdif;vkdY
aumif;awmhrSmvJaemf/
ausmif;wkef;ursm; wpfnESpfn tdyfysuf½kHavmuf qkd&if olu
rIawmifrIwmr[kwfbl;/ wpfcgwpfav oli,fcsif;awGeJY
ESpfcsufoHk;em&Dxd xkdifNyD; avuefcsif uefaewwfwm/ nOfYvkHk;ayguf
yHkqGJcsifqGJ 0w¬KzwfcsifzwfeJU aecsifovkdaewm?
aemufwpfaeYusawmhvnf; ½TifvkdYMunfvkdY erl;exkdif;
jzpfraewwfygbl;/
[l;....tckrsm;awmh ajymrajymcsifawmhygbl;? tvkyfuav;rsm;vkdY
wpfnwpfavavmuf tdyfysufvkduf&if aemufwpfaeYus ,kdifaeNyD/
acgif;awG ukdufNyD; NiD;pDpD jzpfaeNyD/ pdwfawGvnf; wkdaeNyD?
worf;orf; wa0a0eJY anmifemem jzpfaeNyDav/ aemufNyD; ESpfn
okH;navmuf jyefNyD; jznfhtdyfwmawmif tdyfa&;r0awmhbl;..../
aMomf....aemufNyD; olYrsufvHk;awGuvnf; tvsifwkef;uvkd
raumif;awmhbl;/ rIefvmNyDav/ yxrawmh rsufpdrIefwmukd
rIefw,fvufrcHbJ ayawNyD; pmMunhfpmzwf vkyfaeao;w,f? 'gayrJh
pmvHk;awGu wjznf;jznf;0g;? wjznf;jznf;jym;NyD; owif;pmawmif
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 207
aumif;aumif;rzwfEkdifawmhrS olYukd rsufrSefwyfay;vkduf&w,f/
tif;....rsufrSefusawmh uRefru oleJYvkdufwmukd a½G;ray;wwfbl;/
pmMunfhrsufrSefukd rSef0kdif;BuD;BuD;eJYvkyfNyD; wyfay;xm;awmh
olYMunfh&wm jyL;wl;NyJwJeJY tcsdK;rajywmawmh trSefyJ?
rsufrSefwpfvuf wpfvufvnf; enf;wmrS r[kwfwm/ aemufxyf
av;ig;ajcmuf&m tukefcHNyD; topfvkyfray;Ekdifawmh olYcifrsm oleJY
rvkdufwJh rsufrSefBuD;ukdyJ wyfxm;&½Smwm tawmfukd MumaeNyD?
rsufrSefvJNyD; wyfay;awmha&m olY½kyfu b,favmufrsm; ykdNyD;
Munfhaumif;vmrSmrkdYvJ/ 'Dawmh uRefruvnf; ayawNyD; olYukd
'Dtwkdif; ypfxm;vkdufwmaygh? bmjzpfvkdY ykdufqH tukefcHaeawmhrSmvJ?
[kwfbl;vm;..../
tif;-ajymvufpeJY oltoHk;ruswmawGukd ajym&OD;r,f/ olu
rsufpdrIef½kHwif ruawmhbl;? qHyifawGyg jzLvmaeNyD/ yxrqHk;
olYacgif;rSm qHyifjzLwpfyif axmifaewm awGYwkef;uawmh uRefr
tawmfvefYoGm;w,f? aemufawmhvnf; 'gawG[m jzpfNrJ
"r®wmawGygyJ? Z&m&JUoabmobm0yJ? jyKjyifvkdY wGef;vSefvkdY&r,fh
w&m;awGrS r[kwfwmbJqkdNyD; pdwfukd ajzcs&w,f? 'Dawmhvnf;
pdwfxJrSm at;usoGm;wmygyJ? tckawmh olYacgif;u qHyifjzLawGukd
]wpfyif ESpfyif oHk;yif} qkdNyD; tNyHK;rysuf a&wGufvkdY&vmNyDav?
tapmykdif;uawmh om;wkdY orD;wkdYukd ]qHyifjzLwpfacsmif;
wpfusyfay;r,f a[h} qkdNyD; EIwfckdif;&w,f? om;wkdYorD;wkdYuvnf;
rkefYzkd;vkdcsifawmh tm;BudK;rmefwufeJU/ tckawmh qHyifjzLawG
wjznf;jznf; yGm;NyD; rsm;vmukefNyD/ wpfusyfray;Ekdifawmhbl;/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 208
wpfrwfyJ ay;r,fqkdawmh EIwfwJholawGvnf; odyfNyD;
pdwfrygMuawmhbl;/ tif;....aemif tESpfESpfq,favmufxd olqufNyD;
½SifoefaeOD;r,fqkd&if tJ'DtcsdefrSm olb,favmuf tkdpmaervJ?
&ifha&mfaervJvkdY uRefr rMumcP awG;rdw,f/ tkdjcif;qif;&J
qkdwm[m olYqDukd wjznf;jznf; eD;vmaeNyD qkdwmukdvnf;
uRefrowdxm;rdygw,f/ olav-'Dxufru qHyifawGjzLvmr,f/
'Dxufru rsufpdawGrIefvmr,f/ 'Dxufru anmif;wwf nmwwf
ukdufwwf cJwwf vmr,f....uRefr bmrS wm;vkdY&rSmrS r[kwfbJ?
olYukd uRefrykdifwmrS r[kwfbJav/
reufrkd;vif;vm&if uRefrrSm olYukd ½kH;a&mufatmifykdYzkdY ta&;ukdyJ
yxrqHk;awG;rdwwfw,f? tdrfuum; tqifajy&ifawmh [kwfyg&JU?
um;tqifrajyvkdY bwfpfum;usyfusyfukd wkd;NyD;awmhrsm; pD;oGm;&&if
olYcrsm acR;wNydKufNydKufeJY a[m[Jukd vkdufvkdY/ ½kH;a&muf&if
tvkyfrvkyfEkdifao;bl;? em&D0ufavmufawmh xkdifNyD;
armaewwfao;wm/ reufcif;wkef;u ½kH;ukd renf;ykdYxm;&wJh olYukd
naeusawmh uRefrrSm tdrfjyefykdYzkdY BudK;pm;&jyefa&m? wpfaeY wpfaeY
olYukdyJ ½kH;ac:vkduf? tdrfjyefykdYvkdufeJY uRefrvnf; yifyef;vSygNyD/
oluvnf; rvmcsif½Smygbl;/ tdrfrSmyJ at;at;vlvl aecsif½Smwmyg/
'gayrJh olYukd bmrS rckdif;bJ 'Dtwkdif; oufoufomom xm;&if
b,folu vcvmay;rSmvJ? tcsdefwefawmh olyJ qmrSm? olyJ
pm;csifrSm? olyJ 0wfcsifrSm? wu,fh wu,fuawmh olYtwGufyJ olYukd
ckdif;ae&wmyg/
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 209
tif;....'gayrJhvnf; tvsifwkef;uvkd ckdif;vkdY raumif;awmh
wmuawmh trSefygyJ/ awmfMumae rl;jyefNyD? awmfMumae armjyefNyD?
awmfMumae acgif;ukdufjyefNyD? awmfMumae oGm;ukdufjyefNyDeJY....
tkd....pHkaewmyJ/ wpfaeYwpfaeY olYukdyJ aq;wkdufvdkuf aq;vdrf;vkdufeJY
jyKpk,k,ae&w,f? wpfaeYuawmh a&m*gwpfck wkd;vmjyefNyD/
b,fbwf&ifbwfxJu pl;pl;NyD; atmifhw,fwJh/ uRefrvnf;
tawmfvefYoGm;w,f/ 'Dvkdqkd olYrSm ESvHk;a&m*g ½SdaejyefNyD xifyg&JU/
ESvHk;a&m*gqkdwm jzKef;ceJ 'ku©ay;wwfwJh a&m*grsdK;?
yifyifyef;yef;rvkyfbJ oufoufomom pdwfat;csrf;om ae&wJh
a&m*grsdK;? tif;-olYukd uRefr wkd;NyD;jyKpk&OD; *½kpkduf&OD;awmhrSmayghav/
wpfaeYwkef;uawmh a'gufwmwifa½Ta&;wJh ]av;q,fausmfvQif}
qkdwJh pmtkyfukd aumufzwfrdw,f/ av;q,fausmf&if jzpfvmwwfwJh
a&m*gawGtaMumif;ukd ynmay;NyD; a&;xm;wmav/ ESvHk;wJh?
aoG;wkd;wJh? qD;csdKwJh? aoG;xJrSm tqDydwfwmwJh? uifqmwJh? uifqmrS
&ifom;uifqm? om;tdrfuifqm? tqkwfuifqm?
tpmtdrfuifqm....tkd;....pHkaewmyJ..../
uRefrav tdrfa&mufawmh olYukd rSefxJrSmMunfh&if;
aoG;vefYaerdw,f/ ol[m toufav;q,fausmf cyf00 cyfzkdifhzkdifh
rdef;rwpfa,muf/ tJ'D....tJ'Da&m*gawGtjyif wjcm; rxifrSwfwJh
a&m*gawGuvnf; olYqD tcsdefra½G; a&mufvmEkdifwmyJ/ olYukd
ESvkHk;a&m*g rjzpfeJY? aoG;wkd;a&m*g vufrcHeJY? uifqm qkd&if
a0;a0;ua½SmifvkdY trdefYay;NyD; wm;Ekdif&ifawmh wm;vkdufcsifyg&JU/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 210
tif;....olUukd pdwfwkdif;ruswmuawmh trSefygyJ? 'gayrJh olYukd
uRefr wwfEkdiforQ oufomatmif aeaumif;atmifawmh
jyKpkae&OD;rSmyJ? olcsrf;w,fqkd&if taEG;tuÐs 0wfay;vkdY?
tkdufw,fqkd&if ,yfcwfay;vkdY? qmw,f qkd&if aumif;Ekd;&m&mav;
auR;vkdY ponfjzifh ayghav/
olYtwGuf aumif;r,fqkdwm rSeforQukdawmh cyfjrefjref
vkyfay;&rSmaygh/ olYukdvnf; uRefr rykdif/ oluvnf; uRefrukd rykdif/
'gayrJh uRefrwkdYESpfa,mufu cGJaevkdYvnf; jzpfwm r[kwfbl;/
uRefruvnf; olYukd rSDaew,f/ oluvnf; uRefrukd rSDaew,f/
uRefrwkdY[m ESpfa,mufrS r[kwfwm? wpfa,mufwnf;yJ [mukd;/
tif;-ol vHk;0ysufpD;,dk,Gif;NyD; uRefrukd vufrcHawmhwJh
tcsdef....bk&m;....bk&m;? tJ'Dtcsdefukd uRefr odyfaMumufwmyJ/
'gaMumifhrkdYvnf; olYukd rzsm;atmif rematmif owdxm;NyD; *½kpkdufNyD;
jyKpkae&wmaygh/ olYukd rBudKufayr,fh oleJYuRefr cGJvkdY rjzpfao;bl;?
oleJY uRefr uGJwJhaeYrSm uRefrvnf; 'Davmu uae
aysmufoGm;&awmhrSm....bmjzpfvkdYvJ odvm;? ol[m uRefr&JU cE¨mukd,f?
tifrwef ½SnfwJh oHo&m c&D;BuD;rSm 'Dwpfb0twGuf
cPem;ckdae&wJh uRefr&JU cE¨mukd,fBuD;rkdYvkdYaygh½Sif/
Ä Ä Ä
(uvsm? 1991? Zefe0g&D)
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 211
Mum;vkduf&aomaMumifh
]]bk&m;pl;}}
]]pl;}}
]]rkd;BudK;ypf}}
]]ypf}}
]]usm;ukdufao}}
]]ao}}
tbGm;a½Tu olr,HkMunfaomudpöqkdvQif wpfzufom;ukd xkdokdYyif
tm;remyg;rem usdefwG,fckdif;avh½Sdonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 212
Ä
tbGm;a½Tu ukokdvftifrwefaumif;onf/ touf½Spfq,f
ausmfaeNyDjzpfaomfvnf; cg;rukef;ay/ xkdYjyif qHyifvnf; odyfrjzL/
ol\orufjzpfol ndKndKwkdYzcif OD;at;aqmifu wpfacgif;vHk;eD;yg;
jzLaeaomfvnf; bGm;a½T\acgif;wGif qHyiftrnf;awG trsm;BuD;
usefaeao;onf/ xkdYjyif rsufpdvnf; odyfrrIefay/ owif;pmukd
aumif;aumif;MunfhEkdifao;onf/ okdYaomf zwfawmh rzwfEkdif/
pmvHk;rsm;ukd oJoJuGJuGJ rjrif&aomaMumifhawmhr[kwf/
pmrzwfwwfaomaMumifhom jzpfonf/ okdYaomf tbGm;a½Tu ol
pmrzwfwwfonfukd rnfolrQ rodap&/ vlxlvQif owif;pmukd
aumufukdifum [kdvSefonfvSef vSefavSmNyD; "mwfyHkawGukd
MunfhNrJjzpfonf/
bGm;a½Tukokdvfaumif;yHkrSm cg;rukef;½kH qHyifrjzL½kH rsufpdrrIef½kH
omruao;yg/ owduvnf; tifrwefaumif;aeygao;onf/
BuD;rSjzpfaom tjzpftysufawGukdomru i,fpOfu taMumif;awGukdyg
rSwfrdonf/ ol\arG;aeY? uG,fvGefol ndKndKwkdYtbkd;
olYcifyGef;\arG;aeY? olYom;orD;ig;OD;vHk;\arG;aeY? twlae
taxG;qHk;orD;jzpfol ndKndKwkdY nDtpfroHk;OD;\ arG;aeY ponfwkdYukd
yg tvGwf&onf/ 'kd;ceJ a'gufceJ vufwef;ajymEkdifonf/
]]igom tbGm;avmuf rSwfOmPfaumif;&if odyf[efusrSm}}
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 213
orkdif;q&mrjzpfol ndKndKu rMumcP ajymrdwwfonf/ olYcrsm
urÇmYorkdif; jrefrmhordkif;xJrS ouú&mZfrsm;jzifh vHk;vnfcsmvnf
vkdufaewwfojzifh ol\arG;aeYukdyif olY[mol owdr&bJ rMumcP
arhaewwfaomaMumifh jzpfonf/
]]'guawmh tbGm;u rSwfp&m 'gyJ½Sdwmukd;/ ykdykdwkdY rkdrkdwkdYvkd
tDauG;½Sif;awG oDtkd&DawG 'orudef;awG pm&if;Z,m;awG ½Iyfvm&if
rSwfrdcsifrS rSwfrdrSmyg}}
odyHÜorm;rsm;jzpfMuaom ykdykdESifhrkdrkduawmh olwkdYwpfawGxuf
tbGm;u ykdNyD;rSwfOmPfaumif;onf[k wxpfcs vufrcHcsifay/
tbGm;\ OD;aESmufwGif tuefYaygif;rsm;pGmonf ½Sif;aeonf/
'Dawmhvnf; olrSwfcsifaomt&mukd pepfwus rSwfxm;Ekdifonf[k
,lqcsifMuonf/
okdYaomf ½Spfq,fausmf[laom toufESifhwkdif;wmvQif
tbGm;\rSwfOmPfonf ½SmrS½Sm;atmif aumif;vSonfukdawmh
0dZÆmorm;a&m odyHÜorm;yg >cif;csufr½Sd vufcH&onf/
okdYaomfvnf; ukodkvfuHu olYbufwGif tptqHk;az;ulonfawmh
r[kwfay/ olYcrsm olrsm;ajymaom pum;ukdawmh awmf½kHESifh
rMum;Ekdif/ tawmfBuD;ukd em;av;½SmaomaMumifh jzpfonf/
em;av;olrsm; pum;ajymvQif tus,fBuD;aomfvnf;
jzpfwwfonf/ okdYwnf;r[kwf tvGefvQifvnf; wkd;wwfonf[k
qkdMuonf/ tbGm;a½Tu 'kwd,trsdK;tpm;wGif ygonf/ olu
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 214
wkd;wdwfnifompGm a½GUvsm;oGm;wwfaom ol\cE¨mukd,f
ydefydefyg;yg;ESifh avsmfnDpGm pum;ukdvnf; wkd;wkd;av;yif
ajymwwfonf/
olYukd em;av;onf[k tus,fBuD; atmfajymvQifvnf; rBudKuf/
okdYaomf tcsdKU em;av;olrsm;vkdvnf; tuif;ryg;acs/ tcsdKUolrsm;u
EIwfcrf;vIyfonfukd MunfhNyD; bmajymoenf; rSef;qí
MunfhwwfMuonf/ bGm;a½Tuawmh xkdodkYr[kwf/ olu
ar;csif&mar;NyD; ajzolu ajzcsifovkdajz? Mum;csifovkd
jyefMum;ypfvkdufonfom jzpfonf/
Oyrm-ndKndKwkdYtar a':at;cif reufaps;rS jyefvmwkdif;
tbGm;a½TESifh tcsDtcs ajymMuonfukd wpfcgavmuf
em;axmifMunfhvQif odEkdifonf/
]]aps;xJrSm ig;jrif;av;rsm; rawGUcJhbl;vm;at}}
]]rawGUbl; tar? ig;wefawGcsnf;yJ}}
]]Akdufom;r&&if r0,fwm aumif;ygw,f/ ig;jrif;qkd&if
acgif;eJYAkdufom;yJ aumif;wm}}
]]tar ig;jrif;BudKufrSef; odygw,f tar&,f? 'gayrJh aps;xJrSmu
ig;jrif;tppf r½Sdbl;? ig;wefukd ig;jrif;vkyfNyD; a&mif;Muwm}}
]]tkd-ig;Muif;awmh odyfrBudKufygbl;}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 215
]]tif;-ig;Muif;BudKuf&if taumif;om;/ ig;Muif;
taumifBuD;awGawmh awGUw,f}}
]][kwfvm;/ 'gayrJh ig;&HUajcmufu qm;ayghrS aumif;wm}}
]]qm;ayghwJh ig;&HUajcmufuawmh a½Txufawmif ½Sm;OD;r,f
tara&U? a½TurS ykdufqH½Sd&if 0,fvkdY&ao;w,f}}
]]ig;a½TawGawmh 0,frvmeJUaemf/ ig;a½TeHYu odyfñ§DwmyJ}}
]]ig;a½Tu ig;qkyfvkyf&ifawmh rqkd;ygbl; tar&,f?
ig;z,fqkyfxuf wGufajcukdufw,f}}
]]bm&,f....ykpGefajcmufwpfydóm ig;q,fawmif ay;&w,f
[kwfvm;}}
tarESifhtbGm;onf reufwkdif; aps;rSjyefvmwkdif; xkdokdYyif
tcsDtcs ajymavh½SdMuonf/ xkdokdY ajymMuwkdif;vnf;
ndKndKwkdYnDtpfrwpfawG usdwfNyD; NyHK;Mu&,fMu&onf/ bGm;a½Tu
trSwfonm aumif;vSaomaMumifh vGefcJhaom q,fhav;ig;ESpfu
aps;EIef;ukd pGJpGJNrJNrJ rSwfrdaeonf/ em;uvnf; rMum;?
atmfajymvQifvnf; rBudKuf/ rBudKufrSef;odawmh
tbGm;Mum;avmufatmif rnfolurQvnf; tNidKtjiifcHNyD; ratmf/
'Dawmhvnf; tbGm;a½Tonf olYpdwful;urÇmxJwGif olYukefaps;EIef;ESifh
olY[mol wvdrfhvdrfhESifh vdrfhaewwfavonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 216
]]Muufwpfydómav;q,fhajcmufusyfwJh? BuD;vkdufwJhaps;?
0,fpm;&wJholawG rGJa&maygh}}
wpfcgwpf&Hvnf; uGrf;,mxJxnfh&ef uGrf;oD;pdwfuav;rsm;ukd
oHqHkxJxnfhaxmif;&if; wpfOD;wnf; nnf;nLaewwf\/
]]0ufua&m wpfydómoHk;q,fqkdwm enf;wJhaps;vm;/ 'Dvkd
aiGcJukdufNyD; pm;ae&&if 'ku©ygyJ/ vlvkyf&wmvJ rvG,fygbl;at/
pdwfnpfp&m}}
tbGm;onf t*FvdyfuRefacwf? *syefacwf? vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;p
a&mifpHkaomif;usef;olacwf? zqyvacwf? awmfvSefa&;aumifpDacwf
ponfh acwftqufqufukd jzwfoef;ausmfvTm;cJh&aom vlom;wpfOD;
jzpfaomfvnf; olonf jrefrmjynf\ tajctaersm;ukd
vHk;0pdwf0ifpm;jcif; r½Sday/ pmuvnf; rwwfawmh bmpmukdrSvnf;
rzwf/ olpdwf0ifpm;onfrSm qef qD qm; i½kwf MuufoGef ESifh
Muufom; 0ufom; ig; ykpGef aps;om jzpfonf/ trsdK;orD;obm0rkdY
pdefawGa½TawGukd tweftoifh rufarmaomfvnf; olu pdeftaMumif;
a½TtaMumif; odyfrajymwwfay/
]]tbGm;u wu,fhukd rdef;rtppf? rD;zkdacsmifrSmae
rD;zkdacsmifrSmaysmf rD;zkdacsmifukd wu,fpdwf0ifpm;wJh wu,fhrdef;ryDowJh
rdef;rtppf}}
ndKndKu ol\tbGm;ukd csD;rGrf;ovkdvkd ½Iwfcsovkdvkd
ajymwwfonf/
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 217
]]rrndKajymyHku ykdykdwkdYu rdef;rtwkawG usaewmyJ}}
]]twkawmh r[kwfbl;/ 'gayrJh tbGm;avmuf rppfwmawmh
trSefyJ}}
ndKndKwkdY nDtpfrwpfawGu xrif;[if;csuf&efxuf
bGJUvGefoifwef;wuf&ef ykdNyD; pdwf0ifpm;Muonf/ EkdifiHjcm;bmom
oifolu oif? bGJUvGefwufolu wuf? uGefysLwmwGufolu wGufESifh
rqHk;Ekdifaom ynmrsm;ukd rarmEkdif ryef;Ekdif BudK;pm;NyD;
oif,laeMuolrsm; jzpfonf/
ynmwwfaom ynmawmfaom rdef;rwkdY\ obm0twkdif;
rD;zkdacsmifxJrS trsdK;orD;rsm;ukd txifao;onf[k rqkdomaomfvnf;
txiftjrifrBuD;vSonfuawmh trSefyif/ okdYaomf tbGm;ukd
olwkdYtm;vHk; cspfMuonf/ qDb,faps; qefb,faps; Muufb,faps;
0ufb,faps;ESifh vGefcJhaom q,fhav;ig;ESpfu aps;awGukd
wwGwfwGwf a&½GwfNyD; nnf;nLaevQif olwkdYtm;vHk; tbGm;ukd
cspfcifMuifempGm MunfhNyD; &,fMu&onf/
]]ightaru odyfukokdvfaumif;wm/ em;av;wmvJ olYtwGufawmh
ukokdvfwpfrsdK;yJ}}
ndKndKwkdYrdcifu xkdokdY ajymwwfonf/
]]obm0w&m;BuD;u tifrwefukd obm0uswm tar&JU/
vlawG[m i,fi,fwkef;u vIyfEkdif½Sm;Ekdif oGm;EkdifvmEkdif ½SmEkdifazGEkdif
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 218
pm;EkdifaomufEkdifMuw,f/ olwkdYtwGuf ajcaxmufawG vufawGoefzkdY
em;aumif;zkdY oGm;aumif;zkdY vkdw,f/ 'gayrJhvJ toufawGBuD;vmwJh
tcgusawmh tpmtdrfu awmf½kHwef½kHukd aMuatmif rajcEkdifawmhbl;/
'ghaMumifh tpmrmrmawG 0rf;xJ odyfra&mufatmif tbkd;BuD;
tbGm;BuD;awGukd oGm;usdK;ay;wmwJh/ aemufNyD; vlBuD;qkdawmh
pdwftaESmifht,Suf jzpfwmawGukdvnf; rcHEkdifawmhbl;wJh/ 'ghaMumifh
ckvkd rMum;oifhwm rMum;&atmif awmf½kHqkdvJ rjrif&atmif
em;av;wm rsufpdrIefwmawGukd zefwD;ay;xm;wmwJh}}
ykdykdu &,f&,farmarmESifh ajymonf/
]]'Dawmh tbGm;touf½Snfatmif eifhxbDukd enf;enf;
½Snf½Snfjyif0wfvdkufyg rdydkydk&,f/ igwkdYtbGm;u em;av;ayr,fh
rsufpdu odyfaumif;wm/ eifhxbD'l;qpfavmufukd jrif&if
pdwftaESmifht,Suf jzpfrSm {uefyJ}}
]][m....rrndKuvnf; xbDwkdwmrsm; bmqef;vkdYvJ/
jrefrmtrsdK;orD;avmurSm zuf½SifxGifp&mqkdvkdY xbDwkdvkduf
½SnfvkdufyJ vkyfp&m½Sdwm/ taruajymw,f cif,kar
i,fi,fwkef;uvnf; xbDwkdwkdacwf wpfcgxcJhbl;w,fwJh?
tJ'Dwkef;u ykdykdwkdYxufawmif wkdcsifwkdcJhOD;rSm}}
ykdykdu pum;Edkifvkí ajymaomfvnf; xbDukdawmh
jyefjyif0wfonf/ tbGm;rBudKufrSm pkd;aomaMumifhawmh r[kwf/
xbDwkdu twefi,f acwfukefoGm;NyD[k ,lqaomaMumifh jzpfonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 219
]]tbGm;rsufpdaemufvkdYvm;? rSm;ac:wmvm;rodbl;? wpfaeYwkef;u
ykdykdYukd ][Jh rdwkdwJh? ighuGrf;tpf,lay;prf;} wJh}}
ykdykd\pum;ukdMum;awmh wpftdrfom;vHk; 0g;ceJ &,frdMuonf/
]]tbGm; b,fawmhrS rSm;rac:bl;? rsufpdaemufwmyJ jzpf&r,f}}
ndKndKu rSwfcsufcsonf/
ae&mwumwGif tptaemufoefcsifaom ykdykdurl ]]aeOD;?
tbGm;ukd rsufpdwifrubl;? em;ygaemufoGm;atmifvkdY avmuBuD;eJU
qufoG,fay;vkdufOD;r,f/ t[rf;....tbGm; rMum; Mum;atmif
wtm;atmfEkdifaom toHpGrf;tm;ukd ay;oem;awmfrlygbk&m;}}
[lívnf; vuftkyfcsDum qkawmif;vkdufao;onf/
aemufwpfaeYusawmh ol\a½TbD;BuD;ukd oHaowåmxJrS
xkwfMunfhaeaom tbGm;em;okdY ykdykda&mufoGm;onf/ tbGm;a½SUwGif
vufjzefYcH&if; a½TbD;BuD;ukd awmif;onf/
]]ay;Ekdifygbl;at? usKyfrSm 'Da½TbD; wpfacsmif;yJ ½Sdawmhwm}}
tbGm;u avat;at;ESifh ajymonf/
]]'Da½TbD;u nnf;wkdY tbkd; vufaqmifay;wm?
wpfusyfcGJom;awmif½Sdwm at&JU? tckavmufqkd&if oHk;axmifavmuf
wefaeNyD}}
]]oHk;axmifr[kwfbl;? oHk;aomif; oHk;aomif;}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 220
]]at;av/ oHk;axmifqkdygrS igodygw,f? a½Taps;awGu
wufvmvkdufwm wpfusyfom;ukd ESpfaxmifav}}
tbGm;ukd pcsifaeaom rdykdykdu tbGm; em;tem;okdY yg;pyfawhum
wtm;atmfonf/
]]wpfusyfom;ukd ESpfaomif; ESpfaomif;}}
]]bm&,fat}}
]]ESpfaomif;}}
]]bk&m;....bk&m; eifbmajymw,f}}
]]wpfusyfom;ukd ESpfaomif;}}
]]ESpfaomif; [kwfvm;}}
tbGm;u r0Hhr&J ar;onf/ ykdykdu acgif;ukd wtm;ndwfjyonf/
]]tbGm;bD;u oHk;aomif;wefw,f? oHk;aomif;}}
]]bk&m;....bk&m; oHk;aomif;}}
]][kwfw,f/ oHk;aomif;? oHk;aomif;}}
]]bk&m;a&? igha½TbD;u oHk;aomif;awmif wefw,fwJh?
bmajymw,f rdykdykd? a½Twpfusyfom;ukd ESpfaomif; [kwfvm;}}
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 221
rsufvHk;rsufqefjyL;aeaom tbGm;ukdMunfhum wpftdrfom;vkHk;
yGJusaeMuonf/ tbGm;Mum;atmif wpfa,mufwpfvSnfh
0kdif;atmfMuonf/
]]wpfusyfom;ukd ESpfaomif;}}
]]tbGm;bD;u oHk;aomif;}}
tbGm;u olYa½TbD;ukdwvSnfh ykdykdukdwvSnfh Munfh&if;
r,HkEkdifatmif jzpfae½Smonf/
]]eif usm;ukdufao}}
]]ao ao wu,fao}}
tbGm;u tm;remyg;rem usdefwG,fckdif;awmh ykdykdonf
acgif;wndwfndwfESifh pdwfygvufyg vkdufvHusdefwG,f&if;
&,frqHk;Ekdifatmif jzpfaeonf/
tbGm;cifrsmrSmawmh xkdaeYwpfaeYvHk; *emrNidrfEkdif½Smawmhacs/
olYa½TbD;ukd xkwfMunfhvkduf aowåmxJ jyefxnfhvkdufESifh jzpfaeonf/
]]rdat;cif-nnf;uvJ a½TawG 'Davmufaps;wufaewm ighukd
rajymbl;? 'DvkdrSef;od&if ighqGJBudK;awG vufaumufawG a&mif;rypfbJ
odrf;xm;cJh&&if b,favmufaumif;rvJ}}
vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif;ESpfq,favmufu a&mif;cJh&aom qGJBudK;awG
vufaumufawGukdyif jyefawG;NyD; ESajrmaeaom tbGm;ukd Munfh&if;
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 222
ndKndKwkdYtazyif w[m;[m; jzpfaeonf/ xkdYaemuf ]acwfa[mif;u
tbGm;ukd acwfopfa&mufatmif a½TBudK;eJY qufay;vkdufwmvm;
orD;&JU} [k ykdykdYukd ajymonf/
]]t&ifwkef;u qGJBudK;a&m vufaumufa&m Mu,foD;ESpfpHka&m
a&mif;wmawmif 'Davmufr&bl;/ tckawmh 'DbD;wpfacsmif;wnf;awmif
oHk;aomif;wefaeowJh? tHha&m}}
tbGm;u avat;at;ESifh wNyHK;NyHK; ajymaeonf/ olYvufxJ½Sd
ypönf;u wefzkd;wufaeonf qkdawmhvnf; rdef;rwkdY "r®wmtwkdif;
pdwfcsrf;omaeyHk &avonf/
xkdYaemuf ol pGJpGJNrJNrJ rSwfrdaeaom ukefaps;EIef;rsm;ukd
owd&oGm;onf/ a½TawGaps;wufaeonfqkdawmh usefypönf;rsm;vnf;
olrSwfrdaom aps;EIef;wGif wnfNidrfpGm &yfwefYaevdrfhrnfr[kwf
qkdonfukd ol yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf taeESifh pOf;pm;rdcJh[ef wlavonf/
eHeufapmapmpD;pD; yxrqHk;ar;onfu yJNyKwfaps;jzpfonf/
yJNyKwfonfqDrS yJ0,fNyD; yef;uefav;ukdifum tdrfxJvSnfh0ifvmaom
ndKndKwkdYrdciftm; cyfpl;pl;vSrf;Munfhae&if; aumufumiifum ar;onf/
]]rdat;cif? tck yJNyKwfb,faps;vJ}}
]]ig;usyf tar}}
]]bm&,f....}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 223
]]ig;usyf ig;usyf}}
a':at;cifu olYrdcif\ em;tem;okdYuyfum wtm;atmfonf/
]]wpfydómvm;}}
]]r[kwfbl;/ wpfq,fom;}}
]]bk&m;....bk&m;}}
tbGm;onf xkdaeYtwGuf yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf bk&m;w
oGm;avonf/ yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf[k ajym&onfrSm aemufykdif;wGif
tBudrfBudrf bk&m;w&aomaMumifh jzpfavonf/
]]MuufOua&m b,favmufay;&vJ}}
]]av;usyfcGJ}}
]]q,fvHk;vm;}}
]]r[kwfbl;/ wpfvHk;? wpfvHk;? wpfvkHk;ukd av;usyfcGJ}}
]]bk&m;....bk&m;}}
tbGm;onf olYtwGuf rusufwusuf jyKwfay;xm;aom
MuufOjyKwfav;ukd rpm;&ufawmhovkd ai;Munfhaeonf/
]]yJqDu wpf&mhajcmufq,f}}
]]wpfyHk;vm;}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 224
]]r[kwfbl;? wpfydóm}}
]]wpfydómukd wpf&mhajcmufq,f? [kwfvm; orD;}}
]][kwfw,ftar? wpfydómukd wpf&mhajcmufq,f? wpfyHk;ukd
axmifhajcmuf&m ay;&w,f}}
]]bk&m;....bk&m;? qDrxnfhbJ jyKwfpm;vJ jzpfygw,fuG,f}}
tbGm;u olYa½SUrS Muufom;jyKwfaMumf yef;uefav;ukd
ai;Munfh&if; oufjyif;csonf/
xkdYaemuf r&Jw&J qufar;onf/
]]Muufom;ua&m}}
]]q,fhckepfusyf tar}}
]]wpfydómvm;}}
]]r[kwfbl; tar}}
]]tpdwfom;vm;}}
]][ifhtif;? wpfq,fom;}}
]]wpfq,fom;ukd q,fhckepfusyf [kwfvm;? 'Dvkdqkd wpfydómukd
wpf&mhckepfq,faygh}}
tbGm;u toHwkefwkefav;ESifh wGufcsufaeonf/ Com
mercial
use o
f this b
ook w
ill be
at you
r OW
N RISK !
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 225
]]bk&m;....bk&m;? 'Dvkdqkd Muufom;rcsufygeJYawmh orD;&,f?
0ufom;av; bmav;yJ csufygawmh/ 'geJY 0ufua&m}}
]]wpf&mhoHk;q,f}}
]]bk&m;a&....0ufawmif wpf&mausmfw,f}}
tbGm;u bk&m;wvkduf ndKndKwkdYu 0g;ceJ &,fvkdufMuESifh
wpftdrfvHk; qlnHpkdjynfaeonf/ wpfa,mufwpfvSnfhpD
atmfaeMu&ojzifh vnfacsmif;awGyif emaeaomfvnf;
rsufvHk;jyL;rsufqefjyL; jzpfaeaom tbGm;ukdMunfhum olwkdYtm;vHk;
tljrL;aeMu&avonf/
]]a[h....tbGm;ukd rsufjzL qkdufoGm;atmif qefaps; ajymjyvkduf
Mu&atmif}}
ykdykdu rkdrkdYtm; vufwkdYonf/
]]tbGm;a&-a[m'Dqef b,faps;vJ odcsifvm;}}
tbGm;\ xrif;yef;uefxJrS ykodrfay:qef;arT; xrif;
jzLjzLazG;azG; uav;rsm;ukd jyNyD; ykdykdu ajymonf/ tbGm;u olYukd
armhMunfhum ajymygOD;[laom trlt&mESifh ar;aighonf/
]]wpfjynfukd wpfjynfukd aemf}}
]]at; wpfjynfukd b,favmufvJ}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 226
]]ckepffq,feJY ESpfusyf}}
]]bmajymw,f? qefwpfjynfukd ckepfq,fhESpfusyf [kwfvm;? rdykdykd
eif½l;aeovm;}}
]]r½l;bl; tbGm;? taumif; taumif;}}
]][kwf&JUvm; rdat;cif? qefwpfjynf ckepfq,fhESpfusyfwJh}}
a':at;cifu acgif;ndwfaomfvnf; 'Dwpfcgawmh tbGm;u
,HkMunf[efrwlawmhay/ xHk;pHtwkdif; eif bk&m;pl;awG rkd;BudK;ypfawG
usm;ukdufaoawGESifh vHk;vnfcsmvnf vkdufukefavonf/
]]awmfMuygawmh[,f? atmf&vGef;vkdY vnfacsmif;awGvJ emaeNyD?
&,f&vGef;vkdY tmawGvJ emaeNyD}}
aemufqHk;awmh ndKndKwkdYtazu wm;,l&onf/
]]ightar xrif;pm;aewm at;at;aq;aq; pm;ygap? bmaps;
nmaps;awG b,folrS vmrajymMueJYawmh? oGm;Mu}}
okdYaomfvnf; tbGm;uawmh xrif;ukd
aumif;pGmrpm;Ekdif½Smawmhay/ qefMunfhvkduf qDMunfhvkduf
tom;vHk;av; ukdifMunfhvkdufESifh oufjyif;wcscs jzpfae½Smonf/
xrif;pm;tNyD; zD;Murf;iSufaysmoD;aps;ar;awmh ]]wpfzD;ukd
ig;usyf}} [k atmfajymonf/
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 227
]][if-taruvJ wpfzD;ukd tpdwfawmif ay;cJh&wm?
vuf&if;zD;BuD; av}}
]]at;-'gayrJh tarpdwfcsrf;omatmif ig;usyfvkdY ajymwma[h?
aemufukd ightarar;&if aps;trSef b,fawmhrS rajymMueJYawmh?
av;yHkwpfyHkavmufyJajym? Mum;Muvm;}}
rsufESmromr,mjzpfaeaom olYrdcifukd Munfh&if; a':at;cif
oem;aeonf/
]]awmfMum igwkdYvkyfwmeJY tarvJ ESvHk;a&m*g jzpfaeOD;r,f}}
tbGm;u touf½Spfq,fausmfNyD jzpfaomfvnf; ESvHk;a&m*gwkdY
aoG;wkd;a&m*gwkdY r½SdcJhzl;ay/ ol\orD;jzpfol a':at;cifu
qD;csdKa&m*g ½Sdaeaomfvnf;? orufjzpfol OD;at;aqmifu aoG;awG
w&dyf&dyfwufaeaomfvnf; tbGm;u bmqkdbmrQ rjzpfzl;ay/
xkdYaMumifh xrif;vnf; avsmh&efrvkd tcsdKwkdY tiefwkdYukdvnf;
a½Smif&efrvkdcJhay/
]]tbGm;u odyfukokdvfaumif;wm/ tJ'DvkdvlrsdK;u ao&ifvJ
a0'em rcH&bl;/ wdwfwdwfqdwfqdwfuav; aooGm;wwfw,f}}
wpftdrfausmfrS bbBuD;OD;barmifu rMumcP ajymwwfonf/
]]tar raoao;ygbl;/ taru toufBuD;ayr,fh Z&m&JUzdpD;rIukd
odyfrcH&bl;/ bma&m*g bma0'emrSvJ r½Sdbl;? aocsif;ao&if
uRefruom t&ifaorSm}}
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 228
a':at;cifuvnf; ajymwwfonf/ tbGm;ukd ½kwfw&uf
aoqHk;oGm;vdrfhrnf[k ol vHk;0rxifrSwfcJhay/
okdYaomf tbGm;onf ½kwfw&uf aoqHk;oGm;cJhavonf/
aemufwpfaeYreufusawmh tbGm; tdyf&mxaemufusaeonf/
wpftdrfvHk;wGif aemufqHk;rS xavh½Sdaom rkdrkdEkd;vmonftxd tbGm;u
xrvmao;acs/
]]tbGm; nu tdyfraysmfbl; xifw,f[/ 'DaeYawmh qefaps;
qDaps;awG tbGm;ukd rajymMueJYawmh}}
ndKndKu &,f&,farmarm ajym&if; tbGm;ukd oGm;EId;onf/
ckwifay:wGif nmbufapmif;&if; auG;auG;av; tdyfaysmf
ae[ef½Sdaom tbGm;uawmh Ekd;rvmawmhacs/ ndKndKu
xdwfvefYwMum;ESifh ]]tbGm;....tbGm; xawmhav}} [k ajym&if;
wtm;vIyfEId;awmh vufxJrS pdyfykwD;av;u vGwfusoGm;onf/ ]tbGm;
owdarhaewmyg? touf½SLvmrSmyg} ndKndKu xifaeaomfvnf;
tbGm;onf bbBuD;OD;barmif ajymovkd ½kwfw&uf aoqHk;oGm;cJhNyD
jzpfavonf/
Ä
]]tdyfae&if; OD;aESmufaoG;aMumjywfoGm;wm xifw,f}}
Commerc
ial us
e of th
is book
will
be at
your O
WN RISK
!
rpE´m 0w¬Kwkdrsm;(3)
}refrmhr#m;ewfarmif 229
]]ESvHk;u yHkrSefvnfywfae&mu ½kwfw&uf azmufjyefNyD;
toufyg ygoGm;wmyg? 'grsdK;u jzpfwwfygw,f}}
]]avjzwfoGm;wmyg½Sif}}
]]toufu ½Spfq,feJY oHk;ESpfwJh? 'Dt½G,faowm
bmrSpOf;pm;raeeJY? tkdvkdYaowmyg? ½Sif;aewmyJ}}
tbGm;ao&jcif; taMumif;ukd wpfa,mufwpfrsdK; trsdK;rsdK;
ajymMuonf/ tbGm;\ ½kyftavmif;ukd cGJpdwfNyD; rMunfhcJhonfhtwGuf
bmaMumifh aoqHk;&oenf; wyftyfaocsmawmh rnfolrQ rajymEkdif/
ykdykduawmh at;pufaeaom tbGm;\ cE¨mukd,fav;ukd
wtm;zufum idkonf/ xkdYaemuf ]]ykdykdwkdYu usm;ukdufvkdY raoayr,fh
tbGm;uawmh Mum;vkdufvkdY aooGm;wmvm; ajymygOD; tbGm;&JU}} [k
rcsdwifuJ ajym½Smavonf/
Ä Ä Ä
(uvsm? 1993? Zefe0g&D)
www.myanmarc
upid.
net
www.myanmarc
upid.
net