Should you always support an ally?

•The scramble for Africa has run its course. The territories in Africa have been distributed… •Not equally however…

•Not to the approval of indigenous African tribes…•To the benefit of (satisfied) …Great Britain, France, Spain•Wishing for More(unsatisfied)…Belgium, Italy, German

•This distribution of land/territories in Africa has brought opportunities in the form of natural resources to some, other feel resentment and even anger.

CSI: 1914-06Do Now: Identify the name

of this European leader.

I am the heir to the Austrian throne and I control the mighty empire of Austria-Hungary. I often visit the various territories of my empire. My wife Sophie is hesitant to visit Sarajevo this month as the nationalist group the “Black Hand” an organization which promotes Serbian nationalism, does not approve of Austria-Hungary controlling Serbia, and many of them have attempted to assassinate me before. Luckily, for my country we have alliances with Germany and if any difficulties should come our way, Germany will have to come to our aid.

WHO AM I?

Assassination and UltimatumCSI Answer: I am the

Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Ferdinand and Sophie were shot by 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip (right), a Serbian nationalist member of the terrorist organization Black Hand.

As a result of alliances, Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia and the alliance system pulls all the powerful European nations into WWI or The Great War.

The MAIN

Causes of

World War I

EQ: What attitudes, innovations and events caused WWI? What factors motivated the U.S. to enter WWI?

Marching Toward War

MAIN IDEAS Science & Technology; Advances in weaponry,

from improvements to the machine gun and airplane, to the invention of the tank – all led to devastation during World War I

Economics; The war effected many European economies. Desperate for resources, the warring governments converted many industries to munitions factories. They also took greater control of the production of goods

Power & authority; The quest among European nations for greater power played a role in causing

Essential Questions: Identify the four MAIN factors that lead to the start of “the Great War” – World War I Which of the forces at work in Europe played the greatest role in helping to prompt the outbreak of war?

Evaluate the aspects of warfare introduced and utilized during WWI. Analyze/Predict how the impact of these aspects of future conflicts. Were the conditions of the Versailles Treaty fair? Consider all the nations affected..

Based on the terms of the treaty could the future been predicted…

Militarism: the development of the armed forces as a tool of diplomacy.

1880 1914

Germany 1.3m 5.0m

France 0.73m 4.0m

Russia 0.40m 1.2m

Militarism

Alliances: pact, coalition or friendship between two or more parties, made in order to advance common goals and to secure common interests.

Military AlliancesBefore World War I

Imperialism: military, economic, political, cultural control over a weaker territory by a stronger one

•The 14 nations of Europe had agreed on the division of Africa land at the Berlin Conference.

•However, over time relationships were strained as individual nations were able to gain more power based on resources and location.

•All the great powers were competing for colonies / territory.

•The British feared Germany in Africa.The Austrians feared Serbia / Russia in the Balkans.

The Rise of Nationalism

•The growth of nationalism—deep devotion to one’s nation—caused intense competition among the Great Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, and France.

•The Great Powers competed for markets and territory.Intense nationalism in the nations of the Balkans led to demands for independence among Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians, and others.

Triple Alliance (1881)

Rising Tensions in Europe

Crisis in the BalkansThis mountainous

peninsula in the southeastern corner of Europe was home to an assortment of ethnic groups. With a long history of nationalist uprisings and ethnic clashes, the Balkans was known as the “powder keg” of Europe.

Assassination and UltimatumThe couple was

shot by 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip (right), a Serbian nationalist member of the terrorist organization Black Hand.

UltimatumDescription: page of the

official response of the government of Serbia Austrian ultimatum of July 23, 1914. 

Austria delivers an ultimatum to Serbia with numerous demands on July 23, 1914. Serbia agreed to most of the demands trying to avoid war.

Alliance SystemAlliance System

The Tangled Web- Identify the countries/personalities depicted?

The Schlieffen Plan

Germany’s military plan to defeat France and Russia.

“Knock out blow” aimed at France first.

Avoid French defences by invasion of Belgium 8/3/1914.

Germans thought Britain would not intervene.

Why did Britain get involved?

Britain had Ententes with France and Russia.

Only “friendly agreements” but French and Russians given impression Britain would fight.

The Schlieffen Plan

Sir Edward GreyBritish Foreign Secretary … “There’s some devilry going on in Berlin”

Battle of the Marne

The 1st WWI Battle Triple Entente victoryStopped Germans from entering Paris

Setting the stage for four years of trench warfare – Western Front

Trench Warfare

6. Warfare/Life5. Weapons4. Soldiers3. Foot2. Body Lice1. Rats

Life in a Trench

EQ: How do Wilson’s 14 points attempt to establish peace in

Europe? Why was the Treaty of Versailles a failure?

AMERICA ACTS

The War at Home War industries Board

Encourages use of mass production to increase efficiency

Eliminate waste by standardizing products

Production in the US increased by 20% Fuel Administration

March 1918- Daylight savings time Use of longer daylight to conserve energy

Wages and Prices Rise Wages through most industries

increased, though so did food and housing costs

Stockholders in large companies saw enormous profits

Boom in Labor Unions1916 (2.5 million) by 1919 (4 million

Financing the War: EconomicTaxes raise

revenue for the war (35.5 billion) Progressive income

tax (16th amendment)

War Profit TaxPublic Borrowing

(selling bonds) Excise Taxes

Tobacco/Liquor/Luxury Items

Social: Committee on Public Agency Committee on Public Information

Attack on Civil Liberties: Anti- Immigration Hysteria

Propaganda agency:A biased

communiacation designed to influence people’s thoughts and actions.

George Creel- thousands of artists in the US are commissioned jobs to make paintings, posters and sculptures promoting the war effort

Highly successful

Many immigrants from Germany and Austria-Hungary lost their jobs

Orchestras refused to play music of Beethoven and Mozart/ Schools stopped teaching German language and German authors books were removed from US libraries

Violence: Many Germans were lynched and beaten if it became known that they were from Germany.

ESPIONAGE AND SEDITION ACTS: 1917-18 Fine of $10,000 and 20 years in prison for

interfering w/ war effort or subversive comments Clear violation of _____ amendment rights Led to over 20,000 prosecutions/targeted socialists

and labor leaders

War encourages social change

African AmericansA) support for the war (WEB DuBois)Germans are not for “darker races”African American support would strengthen

calls for racial justice in the US over timeB) Non-supporters (William Monroe Trotter)

Victims of racism should not support the efforts of a racist government

The Great Migration: large scale movement of blacks to northern cities Escape racial discrimination in the

south Jobs in the north (esp. now that

Europeans were less likely to immigrate and were being ostracized)

Many cotton field ruined by crop disease

WomenWomen begin taking on jobs

that were previously held by men

Volunteer work with the Red Cross/selling victory bonds

Women’s Peace Party (1915 Jane Addams)

Women’s war effort helped encourage women’s suffrage

1919- Congress passed 19th amendment. By 1920, the amendment is ratified by the states.

Wilson’s 14 points Group 1- Prevention of another war

Focus on points 1 – 5

Group 2- Boundary Changes Focus on points 6-13

Group 3-14th pointFocus on the League of Nations

Treaty of Versailles 1. Established 9 new nations ( including : Poland,

Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia) Carved out 5 territories of the Ottoman Empire

Became temporary colonies of England and France Germany prohibited from maintaining an army Germany forced to pay $33billion dollars in war reparations over

time2. WEAKNESSES: A. Humiliation of Germany Germany could not realistically pay all of the war debtRussia excluded from peace talks (lost more territory than

Germany)Ignored claims of colonized people for self-determination3. US never joins League of Nations

Many in the US feared joining league because they thought it would compromise US “isolationism”

Legacy of the War Strengthened US military power and the

power of the federal government

Left political and social unrest in Europe

Treaty of Versailles did not solve anything Desire for vengeance would bloom in

Germany in the 1930s (Hitler’s rise to power