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SIGN AND SYMPTOMS IN

NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES

Dr Nelly Y Rumpaisum G Sp S 

Department of Neurology

Medical Faculty Padjadjaran University

Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung

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Due to location

  Hemisphere

entral Nerves System

  Medulla

spinalis

ere!ralere!ellum

Brain section

ervical

"horacal#um!osacral

  Nucleus

Peripheral nerves system   $anglion

  Nerve root

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 Paralytic % damage

Due to pathophysiology

 &nitative ' distur!ance of transmision

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Cardinal symtoms

$eneral cere!ral disorders

High intracranial pressure

&nto(ication

Meta!olic disorders

Focal cere!ral disorders

Distur!ances of )*)S %

!rain stem

onsciousness

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Cardinal symtoms

Meningeal irritation + , &nfection

, Haemorrhage

, *adi( irritation

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Motor dysfunction + , central

ere!ral + hemiparese- hemiplegy

, .ascular , &nfection

, S/#

, Degenerative process

Medullar + segmental paralytic

, Upper motor % central

Hypertonic % spastic

Hyperrefle(ia

Pathological refle(

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, Perifer 

ranial nerve

Segmental + , Myotomal

, *adiculopathy

, Neuropathy

, #o0er motor +

Hypotonic % flacid

Hypo % arefle(ia

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Sensoric dys!unction "

1(teroceptive

Pain

"emperature

"ouch

Proprioceptive

.i!ration

Deep pain

Position

ere!ral

ortical

"halamic

Medullar 

*adicular 

/rganic

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Autonomic "

Symphatic

Parasymphatic

*egulation of !lood pressure-respiration- micturation- !o0el

ha!it- s0eating

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E#uili$rium "

entral +

ere!ellum

Posterior medulla spinalis

Peripheral +

.esti!ular 

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%i&'er Cortical Dys!unction "

Co&niti(e dys!unction 

Neuro!ehaviour 

Memory

&mmediate

*ecent

#ong term memory

#anguage

.er!al

Non ver!al

Dysle(ia

Dysgraphia

/rientation

"ime

Place

Person

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Pra(is

alculation

&nsight

1(ecutive function

.isuospatial

1motion

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%i&'er Cortical Dys!unction "

Degenerative  Dementia

.ascular  Stroke

S/#  &ntracranial tumor 

Neurotransmitter Psychiatric disorder 

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Symtoms "

Memory pro!lem

1(ecutive dysfunction

#anguage dysfunction- aphasia Disorientation

Disinhi!ition

Behaviour distur!ances

Dispra(ia

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  HATUR NUHUN