IJABR, VOL.8 (1) 2018: 33-37 ISSN 2250 – 3579

33

SIGNIFICANCE OF FEEDING MULBERRY LEAF IN DIFFERENTSCHEDULES RAISED THROUGH ORGANIC BASED NUTRIENT

MANAGEMENT ON THE BODY WEIGHT OF YOUNG-AGE WORMS*Sudhakara, S.N., Narayanaswamy, T.K. & Narayanaswamy, K.C.

Department of Sericulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore-560 065, India*Corresponding author email: sudhakara.sn@gmail.com

ABSTRACTInvestigations were carried out on young-age worm rearing as influenced by the application of N through organic manuresand inorganic fertilizers. Significant differences were exerted with respect to feeding schedules (FS), treatments (T) andinteractions (FS × T). Among these FS2 (Chawki worms fed with S36 leaf + Late-age worms fed with M5 leaf) and T12

Recommended 20 tonnes compost + 300: 120: 120 kg N, P and K / ha / year through fertilizer yielded significantly higherfirst instar (0.0571 and 0.0615 g/10 larvae), second instar (0.3126 and 0.3210 g/10 larvae), third instar (1.177 and 1.2167g/10 larvae) and fourth instar larval weights (5.103 and 5.502 g/10 larvae) respectively. Among interactions, FS1T11 (Bothchawki + Late-age worms fed with S36 leaf Bio-fertilizers 10 kg each of Azospirillum + Aspergillus awamori/ha/yr + 20 %recommended N through each of Compost, Green manure, Castor oil cake, vermicompost and fertilizer + remaining P, Kthrough fertilizer recorded maximum towards first instar silkworm weight (0.0660 g/10 larvae). FS2T12 (Chawki worms fedwith S36 leaf + Late-age worms fed with M5 leaf with a combination of Recommended 20 tonnes compost + 300: 120: 120kg N, P and K / ha / year through fertilizer contributed more towards second, third and fourth instar larval weights(0.3280, 1.2260 and 5.523 g/10 larvaes respectively).

KEY WORDS: Feeding schedules, Mulberry, Silkworms, Nutrients, Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers, Silkworm weights.

INTRODUCTIONThe silkworm Bombyx mori L. being a monophagousinsect, derives almost all the nutrients required for itsgrowth and development from the mulberry leaf itself.Increased production of quality leaves for feedingsilkworms through mineral supplimentation play a vitalrole in the larval development and cocoon charactersHorie (1967). However, the inorganic nutrition throughapplication of fertilizers increases the mulberry growthand yield, but does not ensure the quality of leaves. Hence,the nutrient management systems for getting nutritious leafthrough organic manures is to be ensured for the bettergrowth and development of plants. Further, there aredistinct differences in the quality and quantity requirementof leaves for young and late age worms which is greatlyinfluenced by the varieties and nutritional quality ofmulberry leaf used as feed. Therefore, an investigationunder taken with a view to study the effect of feedingmulberry leaf in different schedules raised through organic

based nutrient management on the body weight of youngage worms.

MATERIALS & METHODSA research study was under taken at Main ResearchStation, Hebbal, UAS, Bangalore to work out the influenceof feeding mulberry leaf raised through the application ofrecommended quantity of N through different organic andinorganic sources on late age worm rearing. Silkwormfeeding with two different mulberry varieties (S36 and M5)in four feeding schedules (FS) viz., FS1 (chawki wormsfed with S36 leaf + late age worms fed with S36 leaf), FS2

(chawki worms fed with S36 leaf + late age worms fed withM5 leaf), FS3 (chawki worms fed with M5 leaf + late ageworms fed with S36 leaf) and FS4 (chawki worms fed withM5 leaf + late age worms fed with M5 leaf) respectively.The leaves of two different mulberry varieties grownunder different treatments viz.,

T1 : 100 % recommended N through Compost

T2 :50 % recommended N through Compost + 50 % recommended N and remaining P, Kthrough fertilizer

T3 : 100 % recommended N through Green manure (Glyricidia maculata)

T4 : 50 % recommended N through Green manure + 50 % recommended N and remaining P,K through Fertilizer

T5 : 100 % recommended N through Castor oil cake

T6 : 50 % recommended N through Castor oil cake + 50 % recommended N and remainingP, K through Fertilizer

Organic based nutrient management on the body weight of young-age worms

34

T7 : 35 % recommended N through Compost + 30 % recommended N through Castor oilcake + 35 % recommended N through Green manure

T8 : 100 % recommended N through Vermicompost

T9 : 50 % recommended N through Vermicompost + 50 % recommended N and remainingP, K through Fertilizer

T10 : Bio-fertilizers 10 kg each of Azospirillum + Aspergillus awamori/ha/yr + 25%recommended N through each of Compost, Green manure, Castor oil cake andvermicompost

T11 : Bio-fertilizers 10 kg each of Azospirillum + Aspergillus awamori/ha/yr + 20 %recommended N through each of Compost, Green manure, Castor oil cake,vermicompost and fertilizer + remaining P, K through fertilizer

T12

(control): Recommended 20 tonnes compost + 300: 120: 120 kg N, P and K / ha / year through

fertilizerT13

(control): Only fertilizer 300: 120: 120 kg of N, P and K / ha / year

The experiment was conducted with 13 treatments and 3replications. In each replication 100 worms weremaintained. The CSR2 worms were reared as per packageof practices published by Dandin et al. (2014). The datawas analyzed statistically by using two way factorialRCBD as outlined by Cochron and Cox (2000).

RESULTSThe results on the mulberry raised through organic basednutrient management fed through different feedingschedules on the growth and young age silkworms aretabulated in tables 1 and 2 and are interpreted in the lightof earlier work. Significant differences were observed forfirst instar silkworm weight, being highest in T11 Bio-fertilizers 10 kg each of Azospirillum + Aspergillusawamori/ha/yr + 20 % recommended N through each ofCompost, Green manure, Castor oil cake, vermicompostand fertilizer + remaining P, K through fertilizer (0.0642g/10 larvae) followed by T10 Bio-fertilizers 10 kg each ofAzospirillum + Aspergillus awamori/ha/yr + 25%recommended N through each of Compost, Green manure,Castor oil cake and vermicompost (0.0631 g/10 larvae)and other treatments differed significantly from each otherwith respect to silkworm weight. Second, third and fourthinstar larval weights were significantly maximum in T12

Recommended 20 tonnes compost + 300: 120: 120 kg N,P and K / ha / year through fertilizer (0.321, 1.216 and5.502 g/10 larvae) respectively followed by T11 (0.317,1.201 and 5.489 g/10 larvae respectively) (Table 1 &2).Feeding schedules (FS2) resulted in significantlymaximum first instar (0.0571 g/10 larvae), second instar(0.3126 g/10 larvae), third instar (1.1776 g/10 larvae) andfourth instar (5.106 g/10 larvae) larval weight. Hence,feeding of chawki worms with S36 leaf and late age wormswith M5 leaf has increased the rearing parameters of thesilkworm. The increased larval weight recorded in FS2

might be due to the suitability of S36 leaf for young-ageworm growth.Among interactions, FS1T11 (Chawki worms + Late-ageworms fed with S36 leaf along with combination of Bio-fertilizers 10 kg each of Azospirillum + Aspergillusawamori/ha/yr + 20 % recommended N through each ofCompost, Green manure, Castor oil cake, vermicompostand fertilizer + remaining P, K through fertilizer recordedmaximum towards first instar silkworm weight (0.0660g/10 larvae). FS2T12 (Chawki worms fed with S36 leaf +

Late-age worms fed with M5 leaf with a combination ofRecommended 20 tonnes compost + 300: 120: 120 kg N,P and K / ha / year through fertilizer contributed moretowards second, third and fourth instar larval weight(0.3280, 1.2260 and 5.523 g/10 larvae respectively).

DISCUSSIONThis increased larval weight may be due to the wormrearing with leaf obtained through the application ofcompost, other organic manures and bioinoculants, whichimproved larval weights. The present findings were foundto be in conformity with the results of Jadhav et al. (2000)and Kherdekar et al. (2000), who reported increased larvalweights with the application of fertilizers andvermicompost for mulberry garden. Further, the increasedlarval weight are also due to the improvement in leafquality through the uptake of macro and secondarynutrients, which in turn has enhanced the growth anddevelopment of silkworms, resulting in higher larvalweight (Shankar (1990); Siddappakore (1992)).Thus the increased body weight of the worms might bedue to the presence of required nutrients, which aresupplied through the feeding of chawki worms with S36

leaf and late age worm with M5 leaf. However, there is nosuch similar work was conducted earlier. The nutritionalrequirements of the silkworm vary according to theirstages of growth and it depends on the nutritional status ofmulberry leaves Bose (1991). The study revealed thatchawki worms fed with S36 leaf and late-age worms fedwith M5 leaf (FS2) stood top for getting higher bodyweight with respect of first, second, third and fourth instar.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe authors express their heartfelt thanks to Department ofScience and Technology (DST) New Delhi for providingfinancial assistance for conducting the research work.

REFERENCESBose, P. C. (1991) Nutrition management for sericultureindustry. In “Non-Traditional Sectors for Fertilizer Use”.(Ed.H.L.S.Tradon), Fertilizer Development andConsultation Organisation, New Delhi, India, pp. 94-105.

Cochran and Cox. (2000) Experimental DesignProcedures for the Behavioural Sciences, Cole PublishingCompany, pp. 319-380.

IJABR, VOL.8 (1) 2018: 33-37 ISSN 2250 – 3579

35

Dandin, S. B., Jayant Jayaswal and Giridhar, K. (2014)Handbook of Sericulture Technologies, CSB, Bangalore,pp.346-373.

Horie, Y., Watanabe, K. and Ito, T. (1967) Nutrition ofsilkworm (Bombyx mori)–XVIII. Quantitativerequirements for potassium, phosphorus, magnesium andzinc. Bull. Seri. Expt. Stn., 22: 181-183.

Jadhav, S. N., Patil, G. M. and Giraddi, R. S. (2000) Effectof organic and in-organic manures and their combinationson M-5 mulberry and its impact silkworm productivity.Karnataka J. Agri. Sci., 13: pp. 744-749.

Kherdekar, R. C., Munde, A. T., Neharkar,. P. S.,Sonkamable, M. (2000) Effect of fertilizers on foliageyield of mulberry, Morus alba L. and economic traits ofsilkworm, Bombyx mori L. J. Soil. Crops., 10: 221-225.

Shankar, M. A. (1990) Nutritional management ofmulberry and effect on silkworm growth, development andsilk quality. Ph.D. Thesis, UAS, Bangalore, P. 410.

Siddappakore. (1992) Effect of different sources oforganic manures on yield and quality of mulberry inrelation to young silkworm rearing. M.Sc. (Seri.) Thesis,UAS, Bangalore, P.120.

TA

BL

E 1:

I stinstar and II ndinstarsilkw

orm w

eight (g/10 larvae) as influenced by feeding of leaf obtained by application of N through different sources of organic

manures and inorganic fertilizers

TA

BL

E 3:

Effect of different treatm

ents on the population ofC

hrysoperlaeggs and grubs in okra

Note: FS1 : C

hawki w

orms fed w

ith S36 leaf + L

ate age worm

s fed with S36 leaf

FS2 : Chaw

ki worm

s fed with S36 leaf +

Late age w

orms fed w

ith M5 leaf

FS3 : Chaw

ki worm

s fed with M

5 leaf + L

ate age worm

s fed with S36 leaf

FS4: Chaw

ki worm

s fed with M

5 leaf + L

ate age worm

s fed with M

5 leaf

Treatm

ents (T)

I stand II ndinstar silkworm

weight (g/10 larvae)

Mean

(T)

Feeding Schedules (FS)FS

1FS

2FS

3FS

4

I instarII instar

I instarII instar

I instarII instar

I instarII instar

I instarII instar

T1

0.05630.3073

0.05630.3073

0.05330.3053

0.05400.3043

0.05500.3061

T2

0.05300.3083

0.05430.3093

0.05000.3053

0.05130.3053

0.05220.3071

T3

0.05230.3063

0.05230.3053

0.04830.3023

0.04900.3033

0.05050.3043

T4

0.05500.3090

0.05530.3110

0.05030.3053

0.05130.3063

0.05300.3079

T5

0.05300.3063

0.05300.3063

0.04930.3033

0.04930.3023

0.05120.3046

T6

0.06030.3150

0.06030.3130

0.05630.3103

0.05830.3110

0.05880.3123

T7

0.05430.3143

0.05500.3130

0.05100.3073

0.05000.3073

0.05260.3105

T8

0.05330.3133

0.05400.3130

0.05000.3080

0.05030.3083

0.05190.3107

T9

0.05930.3150

0.05900.3170

0.05930.3130

0.06030.3113

0.05950.3141

T10

0.06400.3170

0.06400.3190

0.06200.3123

0.06230.3130

0.06310.3153

T11

0.06600.3190

0.06530.3220

0.06200.3150

0.06330.3150

0.06420.3178

T12

0.06200.3260

0.06230.3280

0.06030.3150

0.06130.3150

0.06150.3210

T13

0.05030.2990

0.05100.2990

0.04530.2930

0.04630.2930

0.04830.2960

Mean (S)

0.05690.3120

0.05710.3126

0.05370.3074

0.05440.3074

Feeding Schedules (FS)T

reatments (T

)Interactions (FS ×

T)

I instarII instar

I instarII instar

I nstarII instar

F-Test

**

**

**

SEm

+0.0002

0.00010.0003

0.00020.0005

0.0005C

D at 5 %

0.00040.0004

0.00080.0007

0.00150.0014

Organic based nutrient management on the body weight of young-age worms

TA

BL

E 2:

III rdinstar and IV

thinstar silkworm

weight (g/10 larvae) as influenced by feeding of leaf obtained by application of N

through different sources of organic

manures and inorganic fertilizers

Note:

FS1 : C

hawki w

orms fed w

ithS

36leaf +

Late age w

orms fed w

ith S36

leaf

FS2 : C

hawki w

orms fed w

ithS

36leaf +

Late age w

orms fed w

ith M5

leaf

FS3 : C

hawki w

orms fed w

ithM

5leaf +

Late age w

orms fed w

ith S36

leaf

FS4 : C

hawki w

orms fed w

ithM

5leaf +

Late age w

orms fed w

ith M5

leaf

Treatm

ents (T)

III rdand IVthinstar silkw

orm w

eight (g/10 larvae)M

ean(T

)Feeding Schedules (FS)

FS1

FS2

FS3

FS4

III instarIV

instarIII

instarIV

instarIII instar

IVinstar

III instarIV

instarIII instar

IVinstar

T1

1.12604.804

1.13204.813

1.11904.807

1.12304.812

1.12504.809

T2

1.13804.820

1.14704.830

1.13404.811

1.13504.814

1.13854.818

T3

1.14404.828

1.14474.844

1.13904.811

1.14204.807

1.14244.822

T4

1.16604.985

1.17004.907

1.14904.983

1.16404.982

1.16234.964

T5

1.17474.905

1.17204.913

1.16904.897

1.17604.899

1.17294.903

T6

1.18505.252

1.19205.264

1.18505.255

1.18505.256

1.18685.256

T7

1.17705.105

1.18105.167

1.18105.106

1.18405.103

1.18085.120

T8

1.18105.116

1.18505.189

1.17405.112

1.17605.111

1.17905.132

T9

1.19505.349

1.20105.372

1.19305.355

1.19305.354

1.19555.357

T10

1.19605.356

1.21705.385

1.19105.362

1.19505.360

1.19985.365

T11

1.20005.483

1.21875.513

1.19205.482

1.19305.481

1.20095.489

T12

1.23575.499

1.22605.523

1.20405.492

1.20105.496

1.21675.502

T13

1.10704.643

1.12304.656

1.11504.652

1.11504.649

1.11504.650

Mean (S)

1.17125.088

1.17765.106

1.16505.086

1.16785.086

Feeding Schedules (FS)T

reatments (T

)Interactions

(FS × T

)III instar

IV instar

III instarIV

instarIII instar

IV instar

F-Test

**

**

**

SEm

+0.0013

0.00010.0024

0.00030.0048

0.0005C

D at 5 %

0.00370.0004

0.00660.0007

0.01320.0015

IJABR, VOL.8 (1) 2018: 33-37 ISSN 2250 – 3579

IJABR, VOL.8 (1) 2018: 33-37 ISSN 2250 – 3579