signposts series - oxfordshire road risk
DESCRIPTION
A sample report from the Signposts Series created by Road Safety Analysis Limited.TRANSCRIPT
Road Risk
In Oxfordshire
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WELCOME
Welcome to the SIGNPOST SERIES, a suite of reports to support professionals working in Road Safety. Designed
by Road Safety Analysis, these profiles provide an authoritative overview of performance that can assist in
directing investment and effort to reduce casualties on the roads.
For more information on other services offered by Road Safety Analysis, please visit
www.roadsafetyanalysis.co.uk
CONTENTS
Welcome .................................................................................................................................................................. 2
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................. 3
Overview of Oxfordshire .......................................................................................................................................... 3
Overall road risk ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
Crashes of all severities ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Fatal or serious injury crashes ............................................................................................................................. 4
Progress in reducing road risk .............................................................................................................................. 4
Road risk for pedestrians and pedal cyclists ............................................................................................................ 5
Pedestrian road risk ............................................................................................................................................. 5
Pedestrian risk on all roads .............................................................................................................................. 5
Pedestrian risk on urban roads ........................................................................................................................ 5
Pedal cycle road risk............................................................................................................................................. 6
Road risk for vulnerable motor vehicle users .......................................................................................................... 7
Motorcycle user road risk .................................................................................................................................... 7
Large motorcycle road risk ............................................................................................................................... 7
Small motorcycle road risk ............................................................................................................................... 7
Young driver involvement road risk ..................................................................................................................... 7
Appendix .................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Data sources......................................................................................................................................................... 9
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SIGNPOSTS IN ROAD SAFETY 2012: RISK OF
CRASHES ON ROADS IN OXFORDSHIRE
BY ROAD SAFETY ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
The SIGNPOST SERIES are road safety profile documents which provide comprehensive insight into risk faced by
local communities. Each profile examines either road risk on the network of a specific highway authority, or
risk experienced by the residents of a particular local authority district area. This profile examines risk of
crashes on Oxfordshire's road network.
All crash, vehicle, driver and casualty information in this document is derived from national STATS19 data for a
six year period from 2006 to 2011. The figures in this profile refer to crashes recorded within the boundaries of
the Oxfordshire council area. The STATS19 dataset is available to the road safety community for detailed
analysis in MAST Online. A less detailed version can be downloaded as a raw dataset from HM Government's
transparency website at data.gov.uk.
This profile examines crashes on Oxfordshire's roads, rather than the individual casualties and drivers who
were involved in them. This approach is the most suitable method of assessing risk on a road network, because
the overall circumstances of each incident are more likely to be relevant to its safety performance than
personal factors. Risk profiling for individuals is examined in separate profile documents in the SIGNPOST SERIES,
since it is more appropriate to examine the 'people' aspect of risk on the basis of residency rather than crash
location.
OVERVIEW OF OXFORDSHIRE
The English County council area of Oxfordshire (ONS code E10000025) covers an area of 1,006.2 square miles
approx and had a total population of 648,722 residents approx based on 2010 mid-year estimates. With 645
residents per square mile it falls in the 8th decile of national population density, lying 158th out of 205 highway
authority areas.
As a county authority, Oxfordshire consists of 5 separate local authority districts. SIGNPOSTS SERIES profiles
which assess resident casualty risk on the basis of district residency are available separately.
Based on statistics produced by the Department for Transport in 2009, the total length of roads in Oxfordshire
was 2,896.8 miles. This places it in the 2nd decile of absolute road length, lying 27th out of 205 highway
authority areas. 705.0 miles of the network (25%) consists of non-motorway urban roads, placing the authority
in the 8th decile of urban roads extent with a ranking of 164th out of 205 highway authority areas.
Oxfordshire had an average annual traffic flow of 4,576.29 million motor vehicle miles per year over the period
2006 to 2011. This places it in the 1st decile of absolute traffic flow, lying 14th out of 205 highway authority
areas. The area's average traffic density per mile of road is around 4,325 motor vehicles per day, placing it in
the 5th decile of relative traffic density with a ranking of 102nd out of 205 highway authorities.
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OVERALL ROAD RISK
This section calculates risk based on all reported crashes on the roads of Oxfordshire over the six year period
2006 to 2011, regardless of age, residency or road user type of the casualties and drivers involved. It is likely
that additional unreported crashes occurred, but no estimate of these can be included in this report. Crash
figures in this section are also indexed and ranked relative to overall traffic flow, expressed as the average
number of million motor vehicle miles travelled per reported crash. Oxfordshire's overall risk and progress in
comparison to other areas is illustrated in Chart B.
Crashes of all severities
On average, approximately 1,841 crashes per year are reported on Oxfordshire's roads. These figures include
crashes resulting only in slight injuries such as minor cuts, bruises, shock and whiplash. Oxfordshire's overall
road risk rate relative to traffic is 2.49 million mv miles per crash. In comparison, the national rate is 1.83
million mv miles per crash.
Consequently, Oxfordshire's national road risk index is 74, where a value of 100 represents the national rate.
This means that road risk on Oxfordshire's roads is 26% lower than the national average. Oxfordshire has a
national road risk ranking of 160th (where first place indicates the highest risk), placing it in the 8th decile of
road risk across 205 highway authorities in Britain.
Fatal or serious injury crashes
On average, approximately 326 crashes per year resulting in fatal or serious injury are reported on
Oxfordshire's roads. This figure includes an average of 37.7 crashes per year resulting in one or more fatalities,
but excludes crashes resulting in slight injuries only. Oxfordshire's fatal and serious road risk rate relative to
traffic is 14.05 million mv miles per crash. In comparison, the national rate is 12.40 million mv miles per crash.
Consequently, Oxfordshire's national fatal and serious road risk index is 88, where a value of 100 represents
the national rate. This means that fatal and serious road risk on Oxfordshire's roads is 12% lower than the
national average. Oxfordshire has a national fatal and serious road risk ranking of 129th (where first place
indicates the highest risk), placing it in the 7th decile across 205 highway authorities in Britain.
Progress in reducing road risk
These statistics measure the change in road risk over time on Oxfordshire's roads. A local trend is established
by comparing a baseline period (2006 to 2008) to the most recent information available (2009 to 2011).
Progress is assessed by evaluating this trend relative to nationwide change over the same period. A comparison
of recent progress to overall risk is illustrated in Chart A.
The average number of crashes reported on Oxfordshire's roads has changed by -314 crashes per year over
three years. This includes a change of +11 crashes per year over three years which resulted in fatal or serious
injuries. Oxfordshire has a road risk progress index of 98, where a value of 100 represents the national rate of
progress and higher values indicate less progress. The corresponding fatal and serious road risk progress index
is 118. This means that progress in improving Oxfordshire's road risk is 2% faster than the national rate over
the last three years, while progress in improving fatal and serious road risk is 18% slower than the national
rate.
Oxfordshire's national road risk progress ranking is 82nd (where first place indicates the best progress), placing
it in the 4th decile of progress across 205 highway authorities in Britain. The corresponding fatal and serious
road risk progress ranking is 188th, placing it in the 10th decile of progress.
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ROAD RISK FOR PEDESTRIANS AND PEDAL CYCLISTS
This section assesses the risk of crashes involving injury to vulnerable road users without motor vehicles. The
scope of this section covers all crashes involving injury to such road users on Oxfordshire's roads over the six
year period 2006 to 2011. It is likely that additional unreported crashes occurred. Crash figures in this section
are also indexed and ranked relative to road network length, expressed as miles of road per reported crash.
Since motorway regulations do not permit pedestrians and non motor vehicles, motorway crashes have been
omitted from this analysis and motorway has been excluded from network length calculations. Progress indices
and rankings are only available in categories where sample sizes are generally large enough for results to be
meaningful. A comparison of risk between different road user groups is illustrated in Chart A.
Pedestrian road risk
Pedestrian risk on all roads
On average, there are approximately 187.3 crashes per year on the roads of Oxfordshire which result in at
least one pedestrian casualty. This equates to an annual rate of 15.3 miles of road per crash in the area. In
comparison, the national pedestrian crash rate is 9.0 miles of British road per crash each year. This calculation
completely excludes motorways (both crashes and road miles) but includes all other urban and rural roads.
Consequently, Oxfordshire's pedestrian road risk index is 59, where a value of 100 represents the national rate.
This means that pedestrian road risk in Oxfordshire is 41% lower than the national average. The authority has
a national pedestrian road risk ranking of 159th (where first place indicates the highest risk), placing it in the
8th decile of pedestrian road risk across 205 highway authorities in Britain.
The average number of crashes resulting in pedestrian injury has changed by -31 crashes per year over three
years (excluding motorways). Oxfordshire has a pedestrian road risk progress index of 96, where a value of 100
represents the national rate of progress and higher values indicate less progress. This means that progress in
improving pedestrian road risk in Oxfordshire is 4% faster than the national rate over the last three years.
Oxfordshire's national pedestrian road risk progress ranking is 84th (where first place indicates the best
progress), placing it in the 5th decile of progress across 205 highway authorities in Britain. A comparison of
pedestrian progress to overall pedestrian risk is illustrated in Chart A.
Pedestrian risk on urban roads
On average, there are approximately 138.3 crashes per year on urban roads in Oxfordshire which result in at
least one pedestrian casualty. This equates to an annual rate of 5.1 miles of urban road per crash in the area.
In comparison, the national pedestrian crash rate is 3.7 miles of British urban road per crash each year. This
calculation completely excludes all rural roads and motorways (in terms of both crashes and road miles).
Consequently, Oxfordshire's urban pedestrian road risk index is 73, where a value of 100 represents the
national rate. This means that urban pedestrian road risk in Oxfordshire is 27% lower than the national
average. The authority has a national urban pedestrian road risk ranking of 122nd (where first place indicates
the highest risk), placing it in the 6th decile of urban pedestrian road risk across 205 highway authorities in
Britain.
The average number of crashes on urban roads resulting in pedestrian injury has changed by -33 crashes per
year over three years (urban roads excluding motorways). Oxfordshire has an urban pedestrian road risk
progress index of 90, where a value of 100 represents the national rate of progress and higher values indicate
less progress. This means that progress in improving urban pedestrian road risk in Oxfordshire is 10% faster
than the national rate over the last three years. Oxfordshire's national urban pedestrian road risk progress
ranking is 45th (where first place indicates the best progress), placing it in the 3rd decile of progress across 205
highway authorities in Britain. A comparison of urban pedestrian progress to overall urban pedestrian risk is
illustrated in Chart A.
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Pedal cycle road risk
On average, there are approximately 277.5 crashes per year on the roads of Oxfordshire which result in at
least one pedal cycle user casualty. These figures include crashes involving injury to pedal cycle riders, pillion
passengers or both. This equates to an annual rate of 10.3 miles of road per crash in the area. In comparison,
the national pedal cycle crash rate is 14.0 miles of British road per crash each year. This calculation completely
excludes motorways (both crashes and road miles) but includes all other urban and rural roads.
Consequently, Oxfordshire's pedal cycle road risk index is 136, where a value of 100 represents the national
rate. This means that pedal cycle road risk in Oxfordshire is 36% higher than the national average. The
authority has a national pedal cycle road risk ranking of 84th (where first place indicates the highest risk),
placing it in the 5th decile of pedal cycle road risk across 205 highway authorities in Britain.
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ROAD RISK FOR VULNERABLE MOTOR VEHICLE USERS
This section assesses road risk for motor vehicle users who may be among the most vulnerable to injury or
crash involvement. The scope of this section covers all reported crashes involving selected road user types on
Oxfordshire's roads over the six year period 2006 to 2011. It is likely that additional unreported crashes
occurred. Crash figures in this section are also indexed and ranked relative to overall traffic flow, expressed as
the average number of million motor vehicle miles travelled per reported crash. Progress indices and rankings
are only available in categories where sample sizes are generally large enough for results to be meaningful. A
comparison of risk between different road user groups is illustrated in Chart A.
Motorcycle user road risk
In order to improve insight into local issues and priorities, motorcycle user road risk has been split into two
categories for separate analysis. For the purpose of this report, large motorcycles include all powered two
wheeled vehicles with a reported engine capacity of 125 cc or over. Small motorcycles include mopeds and
other powered two wheeled vehicles with a reported engine capacity under 125 cc. All figures include crashes
involving injury to riders, pillion passengers or both.
Large motorcycle road risk
On average, there are approximately 139.2 crashes per year on the roads of Oxfordshire which result in at
least one casualty who was on a large motorcycle. This equates to an annual rate of 32.88 million mv miles per
crash. In comparison, the national large motorcycle crash rate is 26.99 million mv miles per crash.
Consequently, Oxfordshire's large motorcycle road risk index is 82, where a value of 100 represents the
national rate. This means that large motorcycle road risk in Oxfordshire is 18% lower than the national
average. The authority has a national large motorcycle road risk ranking of 111th (where first place indicates
the highest risk), placing it in the 6th decile of large motorcycle road risk across 205 highway authorities in
Britain.
Small motorcycle road risk
On average, there are approximately 94.0 crashes per year on the roads of Oxfordshire which result in at
least one casualty who was on a small motorcycle. This equates to an annual rate of 48.68 million mv miles
per crash. In comparison, the national small motorcycle crash rate is 29.87 million mv miles per crash.
Consequently, Oxfordshire's small motorcycle road risk index is 61, where a value of 100 represents the
national rate. This means that small motorcycle road risk in Oxfordshire is 39% lower than the national
average. The authority has a national small motorcycle road risk ranking of 137th (where first place indicates
the highest risk), placing it in the 7th decile of small motorcycle road risk across 205 highway authorities in
Britain.
Young driver involvement road risk
This section examines all reported crashes on Oxfordshire's roads involving young adult drivers, regardless of
personal injury. This approach is used to scrutinise the exposure of younger drivers to road risk. All analysis
within this section excludes riders of pedal cycles, motorcycles and mopeds, since risk for these road user
groups has been considered separately.
For the purposes of this analysis, young adults are all persons aged between 16 and 24 inclusive. Sixteen year
olds have been included for consistency with other profiles in the SIGNPOSTS SERIES. This practice is followed
because reliable population estimates are not available for age groups which start at seventeen, which
precludes accurate analysis of resident risk.
On average, there are approximately 460.0 crashes per year on the roads of Oxfordshire which involve at
least one young adult driver. This equates to an annual rate of 9.95 million mv miles per crash. In comparison,
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the national young driver involvement crash rate is 6.94 million mv miles per crash. Consequently,
Oxfordshire's young driver involvement road risk index is 70, where a value of 100 represents the national rate.
This means that young driver involvement road risk in Oxfordshire is 30% lowerthan the national average.
The authority has a national young driver involvement road risk ranking of 184th (where first place indicates
the highest risk), placing it in the 9th decile of young driver involvement road risk across 205 highway
authorities in Britain.
The average number of crashes involving young adult drivers has changed by -109 crashes per year over
three years (excludes pedal cycles and MCs). Oxfordshire has a young driver involvement road risk progress
index of 100, where a value of 100 represents the national rate of progress and higher values indicate less
progress. This means that progress in improving young driver involvement road risk in Oxfordshire is equal to
the national rate over the last three years. Oxfordshire's national young driver involvement road risk progress
ranking is 102nd (where first place indicates the best progress), placing it in the 5th decile of progress across
205 highway authorities in Britain. A comparison of young driver involvement progress to overall young driver
involvement risk is illustrated in Chart A.
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APPENDIX
Data sources
Reported road casualties by residency: MAST Online
http://www.roadsafetyanalysis.org/mast-online/
Subset of raw STATS19 dataset released by HM Government: Data.gov.uk
http://data.gov.uk/dataset/road-accidents-safety-data
Motor vehicle traffic by Local Authority: Department for Transport
http://www.dft.gov.uk/statistics/tables/tra8901/
Road lengths by Local Authority: Department for Transport
http://www.dft.gov.uk/statistics?post_type=release&series=road-lengths-series
Population and area in England and Wales: Office for National Statistics
http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/taxonomy/index.html?nscl=Population+Estimates
Population and area in Scotland: General Register Office for Scotland
http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/theme/population/estimates/mid-year/index.html
74 88 59 73
136
82 61 70
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
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60
70
80
90
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110
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130
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150
[Das
he
d L
ine
s] P
rogr
ess
Ind
ex
-la
st t
hre
e y
ear
s (h
igh
er
ind
ex
= le
ss p
rogr
ess
)
[So
lid L
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s] N
atio
nal
Ro
ad R
isk
Ind
e x
(h
igh
er
ind
ex
= gr
eat
er
risk
)Chart A - Oxfordshire Road Risk and Progress Indices (2006 - 2011)
KSI CrashesAll Crashes
Urban Pedestrian
CrashesPedestrian
CrashesPedal Cycle
CrashesLarge MC Crashes
Small MC Crashes
Young Adult Crashes
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Re
cen
t P
rogr
ess
Ind
ex
All Resident Casualties Index
Chart B - Highway Authority Road Risk: Performance and Progress (2006 - 2011)
Oxfordshire
High risk, more improvement
Low risk, more improvement
Low risk, less improvement
High risk, less improvement