sika solutions for structural strengthening...profiles and adhesives for nsm reinforcement e-modulus...
TRANSCRIPT
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Sika Solutions for Structural Strengthening
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Strengthening
If the existing steel reinforcement is reduced in capacity due to:
Corrosion Traffic loads increase
(e.g. permissible axle weights),
Improvement of structural design
or seismic resistance
Then reinforced concrete structures have to be strengthened!
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Requirements High tensile resistance or high modulus of elasticity to reinforce and upgrade the
structurally deficient beams, slabs, columns, etc.
Easy to install and corrosion resistant materials for exposed environments.
Fast application to reduce traffic closure or down time of business.
Strengthening
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Strengthening in the Past
• With bonded steel plates in
the middle of 1960’s
• First trials with CFRP with the
Swiss Federal Institute of
Materials (EMPA) took place
in the 1980’s
Sika has been involved in structural strengthening since the development of the
technology in the 1960’s using bonded steel plates.
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... “unlimited” plate lengths
...
Strengthening Today with FRP
Since1991 Sika has been a pioneer with the development of carbon fibre reinforced
polymers based structural strengthening systems.
Sika provides a full range of fully tested and approved strengthening systems
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Structural Strengthening
Sika range – the Brands: Sika CarboDur plates, SikaWrap fabrics,
CarboStressprestressing, CarboShear L Shear strengthening,
Sikadur 2K-epoxy
Sika CarboDur plates SikaWrap fabrics
Sika CarboDur: Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers
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Ø = 5-7 m
Fibre volume content > 70%
Sika Carbodur CFRP Plates
1.2 Mio. parallel fibers in a CarboDur S512 plate
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Sika® CarboDur®
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CarboDur Plate Properties
High tensile strength “or” stiffness
Non-corroding
High fatigue resistance
Low weight
any length available (no joints)
Temperature extension ~ 0
No yielding like steel
small variation of the mechanical properties
extreme tension properties, but only in the
longitudinal direction
Very easy to handle
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Mechanical Properties
Sika®
CarboDur® S
Sika®
CarboDur® M
Sika®
CarboDur® H
Elastic modulus(longitudinal)
[N/mm2]
165'000 210'000 300'000
Tensile strength,guaranteed
[N/mm2]
> 2'800 > 2'400 > 1'300
Strain, guaranteed[%]
> 1.7 > 1.2 > 0.45
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Stress-Strain Sika® CarboDur® S, M, H
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Sika® CarboDur
® vs Steel Plates
No limits in length
Easy for application
Low weight plates
Easy for crossing
Thin plates (1.2 - 1.4 mm)
High material cost-very low
application cost
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Sika® CarboDur
® vs Steel Plates
No corrosion with Sika® CarboDur
® plates
High fabrication cost in factory
High application cost for steel
plates - anchorage / propping
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Sika Solutions for Flexural Strengthening
Structural strengthening systems for the flexural strengthening of bridge decks,
consisting of Sikadur structural epoxy adhesives and:
The carbon fibre reinforced
polymer based, pultruded plate
system Sika CarboDur
The post-tensioning system for
structural strengthening Sika
CarboStress
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Strengthening systems for the shear strengthening of beams and columns,
consisting of Sikadur structural epoxy adhesives and:
Prefabricated L-shape plates – Sika
CarboShear L for application on beams
Uni- or bi-directional SikaWrap fabric
strengthening systems based on carbon
fibre for application on beams and columns
Sika Solutions for Flexural Strengthening
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Sika® CarboShear L®-shaped plates
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Sika® CarboShear L®-shaped plates System Components
Sika® CarboShear L
®
Width: 40 mm
Thickness: 1.4 mm
Leg length: 200 x 500 mm
300 x 700 mm
500 x 1’000 mm
Sikadur®-30
Structural Epoxy Adhesive
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Structures
P
Shear
Strengthening
Sika Solutions for Shear Strengthening
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SikaWrap® Composite Fabrics
CFRP
GFRP
Wet lay-up
Dry lay-up
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... on GFRP bridge
girder ...
... on cast iron beams ...
(TWI / Swissfiber)
Structural Strengthening
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Structural Strengthening
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Structural Strengthening
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Structural Strengthening
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Structural Strengthening
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Structural Strengthening
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Structural Strengthening
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Structural Strengthening
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Sika Solutions for Axial Strengthening
Strengthening systems for the axial strengthening of columns, consisting of Sikadur
epoxy adhesives and:
Uni- or bi-directional
SikaWrap fabrics, based
on glass or carbon fibres
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Structures
Additional loads
Earthquake
Ductility
Sika Solutions for Axial Strengthening
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Structural Strengthening
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Sika CarboDur®
Near Surface Mounted
Strengthening System
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Comparison of CarboDur® and CarboDur® NSM
Near Surface Mounted
Reinforcement
External Reinforcement
New system
Narrow plates or rods
No surface preparation
Suitable for concrete, masonry and
timber structures
Well-known system
Wide plates
Surface preparation necessary
Suitable for concrete, steel,
masonry, timber and GFRP
structures
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Historic Masonry Tower, Vercilli Castle, Italy
• Vertical cracks in masonry tower
• Slots in masonry bed joints
• Sika AnchorFix 3+ Adhesive
• CarboDur BC 5 (5mm diameter)
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Near Surface Mounted (NSM) reinforcement
Cut groove in concrete cover of internal reinforcement
Fill with adhesive
Place CFRP plate
concrete cover
3. Place CFRP plate
internal steel
reinforcement
1. cut groove
2. Fill with adhesive
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Installation of NSM plates in concrete slab
Cut Slots
Fill with Sikadur-330
adhesive
Place CarboDur
plates
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Parking Garage, Soazza, Switzerland
Insufficient top reinforcement
• Anchoring in cracked concrete
slab possible
• Reduced surface preparation
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Cattagunya Dam, Australia
Cracks in concrete dam
11 000 m CarboDur BC8
(8mm rods)
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Profiles and Adhesives for NSM reinforcement
E-Modulus [GPa] 165
Tensile Strength [MPa] 3100
Rectangular profiles
Type S width
mm
t
mm
A
mm2
S1.030 10 3.0 30
S1.525 15 2.5 37.5
S2.025 20 2.5 50
Type
BC
diameter
mm
A
mm2
BC 6 6 28
BC 8 8 50
BC 10 10 79
BC 12 12 113
Circular profiles (rods)
Adhesives: Sikadur-330 (universal)
Sikadur-300 (horizontal)
Sikadur-30 (large rods)
AnchorFix-3+ (small jobs)
E-Modulus [GPa] 140
Tensile Strength [MPa] 3100
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Advantages of NSM plates
Confined from 3 sides, no surface debonding
Short end anchorage length
End anchorage in cracked concrete possible
Full design tensile force can be end anchored
(like internal steel reinforcement)
Nearly invisible after application
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Advantages of NSM plates
Not depending on concrete surface tensile strength
Reduced surface preparation on uneven substrate
(old concrete, masonry)
No corrosion protection required
Not exposed to mechanical damage
No buckling – suitable for compression zone and compressed members
earthquake loaded frames with change of direction of flexure
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Typical Applications of NSM reinforcement
Concrete slabs over columns, cantilevers (balcony)
Short anchorage length, bond critical for externally bonded plates
Seismic resistant RC frames
Resistant to compressive force if confined by SikaWrap, positive-negative
moments change
Masonry
Weak substrate
Reduced surface preparation
Invisible
Timber beams
Invisible strengthening
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Sika® CarboDur® Heating Device
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Reasons for use
Fast Curing of Structural Adhesive
Application at low Temperatures
For Elevated Service Temperatures (Increase glass trans)
Application Even Under Dynamic Loading
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Load-Deflection Diagram
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Using the Sika® CarboDur® Heating Device
Curing of Sikadur® epoxy adhesives is achieved
in 2 - 4 hours
There is no reduction of the load-bearing capacity of
structures exposed to dynamic load during the curing
time of Sikadur® epoxy adhesives and those without
dynamic load
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Thank you
Technologically Advanced
Solutions