silasi talpos simina - shizuoka paper
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Paper prepared for and presented at the international symposium Black Sea Area in the Changing World Old Issues in a New Bottle , held between October 29 and 30, 2011 at the University of Shizuoka, Japan.
[Session 1 Political Economy of Labour Migration in the Black Sea area , October 29]
Managed Migration in Romania: A Bridge betweenthe Black Sea Area and the European Union
Grigore Sila i1)
Ioan Talpo 2) Ovidiu Laurian Simina 3)
Keywords: labour migration, Black Sea Area, Romania, migration and development
JEL classification: F22, J08, J61, K31, O15, O19, R23
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Managed Migration in Romania :
A Bridge between the Black SeaArea and the European Union
Prof. Grigore SILA I
Prof. Ioan TALPO
Ovidiu Laurian SIMINA
West University of Timi oara (UVT), Romania
Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence
Timioara Centre for Migration and Mobility Studies - SISEC
Black Sea Area in the Changing World Old Issues in a New Bottle
Session 1 Political Economy of Labour Migration in the Black Sea Area
University of Shizuoka, Japan October 29, 2011
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TOPIC
As we entered the second decade of the XXIcentury, international migration has become amajor reality that shapes the features of theworld of today and tomorrow : accompanying the movement of capital revealing the disorders and inequalities of the world challenging the political leaders who must manage
the phenomenon and its consequences and explainto public opinion often divided on such subjects
Romania A Bridge between the
Black Sea Area and the European Union
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Romania A Bridge between the
Black Sea Area and the European Union
Content
1. The Black Sea Area between two macrospaces Euro-Atlantic and Eurasian
- What is the European Union? What is the Black Sea Area?
2. Migration flows in the Black Sea Area- attraction and rejection; disruption of migration trends
3. Romania as EU external border and its
strategic role in the Black Sea Area- better management / policies or better understanding of theforces driving migration ?
- lessons to share Moldova Republic, A Told Story
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The Black Sea Areabetween two Macro Spaces
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The Black Sea Areabetween two Macro Spaces
The two macro-space defined by thefollowing dimensions:
Demographic
EconomicScientific
Trade
FinancialCompetitiveness motivation
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The Black Sea Areabetween two Macro Spaces
The Euro-Atlantic macro-space dominated by the EU (and the US) A Space - wider than the European Union territory
The European Union space of freedom,security, justice and welfare
attraction for migration flows
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The Black Sea Areabetween two Macro Spaces
The Euro-Atlanticmacro-space
democracy
freedom security justice
WELFARE
TheThe EuroEuro asianasianmacromacro --spacespace
resources (oil,gas, drugs)
instability frozen conflicts authoritarian
states
Two macroTwo macro --spaces: dialog or confrontation?spaces: dialog or confrontation?
labourlabour migrationmigration
labourlabour migrationmigration
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The Black Sea Areabetween two Macro Spaces
The Euro-Atlanticmacro-space
Nuclear Powers US, France, UK
Security Council of UN US, France, UKAntimissile system - at the external
border of the macro-space
Population
GDP (GDP/capita)Resources
Army
TheThe EuroEuro asianasianmacromacro --spacespace
Nuclear Powers Russia, China,
Pakistan, North Korea, IsraelSecurity Council of UN Russia, China3 BRIC countries Russia, China, India
(resources and real economy )
Population
GDP (GDP/capita)Resources
Army
Two macroTwo macro --spaces: dialog or confrontation?spaces: dialog or confrontation?
DimensionDemographic
EconomicScientific
TradeFinancial
Competitivenessmotivation
labourlabour migrationmigration
labourlabour migrationmigration
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The Black Sea Areabetween two Macro Spaces
The Eurasian macro-space dominatedby Russia, China, Japan
who leads Asia rules the World!
The increase of Asias economicdevelopment the migration issue:
attraction of Asia Asias role in changing of (labour) migration
dynamics and structure
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The Black Sea Areabetween two Macro Spaces
The new centres of power
on the way to the Asian Century, an irreversiblepolitical / economic shift in global power from West toEast was noted the result: the world economic centre was moved
from Atlantic to Pacific even if countries as China, Korea, Japan, India and
Vietnam dont share an Asian economic system anddont have a decision centre or coordination institutions (the EU model), they used the recent financial crisis
wisely, reinforcing their economies Asia managed to turn globalization for its owneconomic [and political] interest
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The Black Sea Areabetween two Macro Spaces
historically, the main drivers for economic globalizationwere the Western / developed countries; in the XXIcentury, the developing countries contribute for morethan 50% to the world GDP
Asian countries [and China in particular] are now in
position to influence and reshape the global economy the new centres of power : China and India contributeto the global growth; economic, political and socialimpact of their investments in Africa and rest of the world
the Rising Tigers changed the World into one with three poles : USA EU Asia / China [both India and Japan face aChinese paradox : China is their single largest trading partner, the newgeostrategic threat, and the future regional hegemony]
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The Black Sea Areabetween two Macro Spaces
China took over the lead: Japans slow economy growthshifted investments and production to China Japan turns to a special relationship with the new great
power; the rise and the decrease of Japan is closelinked to importing foreign workforce in the nationaleconomy
the end of the Western world and the birth of a newglobal order China will dominate the world culturallyand politically as well as economically [China, thenew America?]
the way to/from (Asia) China passes through the BlackSea (Area) the new Silk Road by contemporarymeans
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The Black Sea Areabetween two Macro Spaces
What (where) is the Black Sea Area ?
more than the geographical Black Sea shores IN BETWEEN the two macro-spaces BELONGING TO BOTH macro-spaces
Asias economic growth results in increase interest inEurope Asia comes to Europe The strategic position of the Black Sea Area the first
strip of European land conquered by Asia in the global
fight for the World supremacy The Black Sea the new EU border (2007) Threats, Challenges, Opportunities; Why the Black Sea Area should not turn itself into a black hole .
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The Black Sea Areabetween two Macro Spaces
Black Sea Area and the EU strategic
importance since RO+BG accession (2007) eastern border for the enlarged EU (future Schengen border )
a door for immigration, criminality, terrorism, other threats (i.e.frozen conflicts in the region; playground for military maritime
forces, including the US Navy) huge market for EU exports (i.e. Turkey, more than 50% of
imports are coming from EU countries)
crossroad for oil-pipeline routes (Nabucco and SouthStream projects)
EU Neighbourhood Policy the Black Sea Synergy
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Migration flowsin the Black Sea Area
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Migration flowsin the Black Sea Area
migrants economic engine in every region of theworld, as foreign workers fit unmet demand; a increasing role of international migration for the Asia [China] growth?
labour migration and economic development nexus remittances the largest source of income for many
developing countries
Eurasias development labour migration
The increase of Asias economic attraction:
the migration issue
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Migration flowsin the Black Sea Area
increase in Asias development results in increase in labourmigration flows to Asia labour follows capital and goods in absolute numbers, largest concentration of immigrants is in Europe,followed by Asia and North America Black Sea Area crossroad of migration flows (capital, goods, people)
new trend: feminization of migration ; human trafficking isone of the most profitable transnational crime (forced
migration is a component of feminization of migration) from Asia to Europe, but also from Europe to Asia countries from the Black Sea Area well represented in the
transnational crime / human trafficking
The increase of Asias economic attraction:
the migration issue
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Migration flowsin the Black Sea Area
migrants returning home ? historical, the European population is said to be a result of Asia Europe
migration . Currently the Asia Europe flux still continues
a future strong Europe Asia migration stream should be recorded? Raveinsteins (1885) migration laws revised? even in case of countries of dispersion / population to spare for other countries,
there takes place an inflow of migrants across that border furthest away from the great centres of absorption
each main current of migration produce a compensating counter current
An open question: may be the contrary flow considered as return ,over the history?
Sila i, Pirtea, Simina From the Strawberry Jam to the Sushi-bar : Romanian Migration in the Context of AsiasIncreasing Economic Role (Beijing, 2010)
The increase of Asias economic attraction:
the migration issue
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Migration flowsin the Black Sea Area
migration and more threats, criminality, terrorism terrorist threat (from) the Middle East, Cen. Asia the organized crime attempt to enter Europe
from Asia (including through the Black Sea Area)
discovery of oil deposits in the Caspian Sea great strategic importance of the area the global fight forresources
eastward expansion of the globalization ( China)
fair reasons for NATO, EU and other Occidental entities more or less close to the region to pay attention tothe Black Sea Area
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Migration flowsin the Black Sea Area
A ghost is haunting the World the ghost of (global)terrorism during the XIX-XX centuries, the specter of communism was
haunting the Europe ; is the history written by same actors? in the XXI century, the global actors guard the borders to stop
the terrorism threat. Can ( really ) the terrorism to be stopped byborder guards at the external EU frontier (land or sea)?
A border stops IMMIGRANTS (and migration), not (real) terrorists!
Russia the same space, with different names for former URSS countries a nearby foreign country (policy of
domination); influence of attitudes for migration / main attraction for the EU the new Neighborhood, where Union values to beexported (incentives for growth for EU products demand?) andwhere the would-be (e)migrants to be stacked maintainingmigrants outside the EU space of welfare
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Migration flowsin the Black Sea Area
The Black Sea Area - the middle of contemporary World connection of the two macro-spaces northern and southern Europe meet at the
Black Sea the confluence of all major power centres neighborhood with the Caspian Sea area
the 3 rd great world petroliferous area control, exploration, transport of energy/resources a main debate subject with the European Union
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Migration flowsin the Black Sea Area
The Black Sea Area is more and moreimportant for its role: playground for confrontation of the two
contrary tendencies
Attraction of the European Union features (freedom, justice, security, welfare)
Increasing of Asias economy
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Romania andthe Black Sea Area
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Romania andthe Black Sea Area
The Black Sea is part of the Romanian security space
Freedom of access through the Bosporus andDardanelles straits, control of the Danube Delta and thefree circulation on the Danube are factors that guaranteethe Romanian connection with both Europe and the
planetary ocean, commercial prosperity, and especiallyindependence and sovereignty
History reveals that when the Black Sea was closed,
dominated by one power, Romania was dominated bythat power, while Pontic open space was associated withperiods of prosperity
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Romania andthe Black Sea Area
Romania's position at the edge of the European
Union is a a thumbnail image of the Black Sea a point of intersection of cultures, geopolitical areasand trade routes place where the Central Europe meets the Balkan Peninsula,
and respectively the Middle East border between the Orthodox world and the Catholic -Occidental one, respective the Christian religion and Islam
the buffer zone between
the Slavs and Western European nations the European Union and Russia empires and many other nations (from historically point of
view)
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Romania andthe Black Sea Area
Romania situated in Black Sea area, is meant tocounteract the attraction of Euro-Atlantic space(freedom, security, justice and welfare pull factors) forthe Euroasian population (labour)
the economic growth of Asia's provides support for theRomanias role which comes from European Member
status to counter migration flows from Asia (via BlackSea Area) i.e. a recorded decrease of illegal migration influx of Bangladeshi
and Indians at the Romanian borders few years ago was related not to the enforcement of the border but with the decision of
United Emirates (Dubai) to invite migrant labourers from India and neighbouring countries 80% of the Dubai population is formed by (legal) immigrants of Sri Lanka, India and Bangladeshi origin
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Romania andthe Black Sea Area
Romania Instruments to manage migration;strategies, local actors implementation of the newest / most advanced EU
requirements in the field regional cooperation, strong commitment and
involvement in the EU policies in the Black Sea Area ; own initiatives related to the space
Better managing or REAL UNDERSTANDING? A Told Story the Moldova Republic faces the
same experiences as Romania on its way to theEU accession and integration mass labour (e)migration, distortions on the labour
market, need of import of labour forces
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Conclusion labour flows in the Black Sea Area
Changing of economic [and political] world powercentres influences the labour migration patterns in theBlack Sea Area - labour vs. capital/goods Eurasia attracts with the growing economy labour
(population) cannot drive against economic trends the reverse influx of migration the Age of return migration?
Romania the EU country with strategic interest in theDanube-Black Sea region Pooling and sharing experiences migration
management framework and development told stories Relation between Asias growth and Romanias role in
guarding EU against the migration threat: the need of EU economic development (including migration) vs.
the electoral debate in the major EU countries (2012)?
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West University of Timi oara (UVT), Romania
Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence
Timioara Center for Migration and Mobility Studies
Thank you for your attention!
Prof. Grigore SILA I, Jean Monnet Professor,West University of Timi oara
Prof. Ioan TALPO , Rector, West University ofTimioara Ovidiu Laurian SIMINA , PhD student, Timi oara
Center for Migration and Mobility Studies (UVT) / Ministry of Administration and Interior*
* Contact: [email protected]