sharing stories for a resilient society hiroshi tsutomi university of shizuoka...
TRANSCRIPT
Second Chance! as a turning point
• I was a juvenile correctional officer and joined university 10 years ago.
• In Japan, correctional officers have not been supposed to associate with former inmates.
• However, we, Second Chance! broke up the barrier first time in our correctional history between “them” and “us”.
• Now, we can share our stories like today.
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Backgrounds for Second Chance!Positive Shift
For example,positive psychology,
interest in resilience in developmental studies,solution-focused brief therapy, and
appreciative Inquiry in organizational development
A paradigm shift has occurred in human service sciences from a problem solution approach focusing on negative aspects of clients to a change-oriented approach focusing on their positive aspects.
Especially, I have been influenced byThe strength-based model in mental health services.
Specifically, IPS and Bethel no Ie.
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IPS (Individual Placement and Support)Supported employment for people with a severe mental illness
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IPS (Individual Placement and Support)Supported employment for people with a severe mental illness
Core Principles
1. Every person with severe mental illness who wants to work is eligible for IPS supported employment.
2. Employment services are integrated with mental health treatment services.
3. Competitive employment is the goal.4. Personalized benefits counseling is
provided.5. The job search starts soon after a
person expresses interest in working.6. Employment specialists
systematically develop relationships with employers based upon their client's preferences.
7. Job supports are continuous.8. Client preferences are honored.
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Figure 1. Competitive Employment Rates in 11 Randomized Controlled Trials of Individual Placement and Support
IPS Control Control 2
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Bethel no Ie (House of Bethel)• Group homes of mentally ill persons discharged from Urakawa
Red Cross Hospital in Hokkaido• Unique slogans/mottos
– We sell sea weeds and stories of our diseases, as well.– We welcome prejudice and discrimination. – At work, use your tongue rather than your hands.– Meetings first, meals second.– Disclose your weakness.– Take back the burden of your life.– Get together through our weakness.– Do not cure diseases . – Bethel is always filled with problems.
• They started selling their video series in 1995 when prejudice against psychiatric patients was harsh.
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Bethel no Ie (House of Bethel)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rv-31CgLGE4
Now the largest enterprise in Urakawa
town.
“Using mental disorders for the community development”
Illusion and delusion festival to celebrate the coolest Illusion and delusion of its members.
With these backgrounds, the idea of Second Chance! was initiated in
June 2008 after my trip to Sweden
Simply, I believe in resilience
• …process of, capacity for, or outcome of successful adaptation despite challenging or threatening circumstances (Masten et al., 1990)
• …patterns of positive adaptation or development manifested in the context of adverse experiences (Masten et al., 1996)
People can be resilient by sharing their recovery stories.
We know from these stories that the adversity is not necessarily bad.
• Posttraumatic growth (Tedeschi and Calhoun, 2004)
• Stress-related growth (Park et al., 1996)• Benefit-finding (Helgeson et al., 2006)• Altruism born of suffering (Staub and
Vollhardt, 2008; Vollhardt, 2009; Andoh, 2010)• Sense of coherence (Antonovsky, 1987)
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Paradigm Shift in Offender Treatment
Negative Neutral Positive
Punitive model
Medical model Risk management model
Strength-based model
Object Object/subject Subject/peerOffender
Expert（ Authority)
Manager（ technical
advisor）
Peer/advocateor
even unnecessary?
Agency
Model
Today’s topic
What bothers me right now is future disasters.
New Zealand and Japan are a land of earthquakes.
Christchurch earthquake of 22 February 2011
Tohoku earthquake of 11 March 2011
Nankai megathrust earthquakeAnother larger earthquake we expect.
In Shizuoka, 1) the probability of an earthquake of magnitude 6.0 or larger with 30 years is 89.6%; 2) 109,000 deaths are expected; and3) we also have a nuclear power-plant.
We need resilient communities and
social capital can make a community more resilient.
Some prior studies using social capital as a key variable
(Aldrich, 2012)
civic engagement
Dependent Variable: population growth
Aldrich (2012)Recovery of 39 neighborhoods in Tokyo
from 1923 Great Kantō earthquake
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50 60 70 80Voter Turn Out (Percentage)
Aldrich (2012)Recovery of 39 neighborhoods in Tokyo
from 1923 Great Kantō earthquake
Aldrich (2012)Recovery of 9 wards in Kobe
from 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake
civic engagement
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0 .0001 .0002 .0003Lagged Number of NPOs Created per Capita
Aldrich (2012)Recovery of 9 wards in Kobe
from Great Hanshin Earthquake
What can I do as a criminologist studying desistance
to make a communitymore resilient ?
Veysey (2008) Summary findings from Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) Women, Co-occurring Disorders and Violence Study and
Moments of Transformation study• How they changed and what they needed to
sustain their change: hope, people who believed in them, and meaningful things to do.
• Profound change occurred when women adopted valued social roles.– They learned new, or organized existing, skills to
support the new role, – surrounded themselves with people who
reinforced the new role, and– rewrote their life narrative to tell a story of strength
and resilience instead of hopeless victimization.
Veysey et al. (2009)
Maruna (2001)Liverpool desistance study
A qualitative investigation of desistance that involved long-term field observations and hundreds of casual and in-depth interviews with British ex-convicts between
1996 and 1998.
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Redemption script (Maruna, 2001) Difference in narratives between desisting and persisting offenders
1) “Real Me”: an establishment of the core beliefs that characterize the person’s “true self”
2) Optimism: an optimistic perception (some might say useful “illusion”) of personal control over one’s destiny
3) Generativity: the desire to be productive and give something back to society, particularly the next generation
Self Future Purpose
Based on desistance studies,I propose narrative capital in addition to social capital
to make a community more resilient.
Narrative capital
• From desistance studies, criminologists have found the core of resilience consists of recovery narratives.
• Sharing recovery stories/narratives within a community can be a strength of a community.
• The narratives can have such components as– Hope, outside empowerment, and meaningful
challenges to do (Veysey, 2008) and;– “Real Us”, optimism, and generativity (Maruna, 2001)
We can overcome what we will faceby creating and sharing our stories.
One example: public narrative (Ganz, 2007) from community organizing
• Leaders learn to draw on narrative to inspire action across cultures, faiths, professions, classes, and eras…,
• A story of self communicates who I am – my values, my experience, why I do what I do.
• A story of us, and we are – our shared values, our shared experience, and why we do what we do.
• And a story of now transforms the present into a moment of challenge, hope, and choice.
Shizuoka 2.0Local organization
for dialogue and creating/sharing stories
Sono Machi no Kodomo (Children of the City)A TV drama broadcast on 17 Jan 2010
after 15 years of the Great Hanshin Earthquake
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xwudlv_yyyyyyyyyy-yy_creation#.UX8P5bWnox4
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xwurpt_yyyyyyyyyy-yy_creation#.UX8PvbWnox5