SIKKIM MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY

MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

ON

MASS HOUSING AT SHUKHOBRISHTI SITE,

NEWTOWN KOLKATA

SHUBHAM PRADHANREG NO: 20130055ROLL NO: 07

PILE FOUNDATIONS

• A pile is basically a long cylinder of a strong material such as concrete that is pushed

into the ground to act as a steady support for structures built on top of it.

• Pile foundations are used in the following situations:

When there is a layer of weak soil at the surface. This layer cannot support the weight of

the building, so the loads of the building have to bypass this layer and be transferred to

the layer of stronger soil or rock that is below the weak layer.

• When a building has very heavy, concentrated loads, such as in a high rise structure,

bridge, or water tank.

• Pile foundations are capable of taking higher loads than spread footings.

There are two types of pile foundations, each of which works in its own way.

TYPES OF PILE FOUNDATION

DIFFERENCE IN LOAD TRANSFER

End bearing piles

Friction pile

DIFFERENCE Frictional Piles works on the static friction developed between the surface of the pile and

soil where it is placed. Where as End-Bearing Piles are driven till hard strata of soil is

achieved.

PROCESS OF PILING

HOW PILES ARE CONSTRUCTED

1. Piles are first cast at ground level and then hammered or driven into the ground using a pile

driver.

2. This is a machine that holds the pile perfectly vertical, and then hammers it into the ground

blow by blow.

3. Each blow is struck by lifting a heavy weight and dropping it on the top of the pile - the pile

is temporarily covered with a steel cap to prevent it from disintegrating.

4. The pile driver thus performs two functions - first, it acts as a crane, and lifts the pile from a

horizontal position on the ground and rotates it into the correct vertical position, and second,

it hammers the pile down into the ground.

5. Piles should be hammered into the ground till refusal, at which point they cannot be driven

any further into the soil.

MIVAN Shuttering

• The system of aluminum forms (MIVAN) has been used widely in the construction of

residential units and mass housing projects.

• It is fast, simple, adaptable and cost – effective.

• It produces total quality work which requires minimum maintenance and when durability is

the prime consideration.

• This system is most suitable for Indian condition as a tailor–made aluminum formwork for

cast–in–situ fully concrete structure.

• It does not require much laboures.

• The concrete is produced in RMC batching plants under strict quality control and convey it

to site with transit mixers.

• Aluminum Formwork system is a comparatively a new technology in India.

MIVAN SHUTTERING

• It saves cost, time and improves the quality of construction.

• It was used by L&T for the first time in India in its projects in Mumbai, Delhi & South India

(South city, Bangalore) in 2003 for the construction of both low and high raises apartments

and buildings.

• Aluminum formwork is very cost effective for repetitive Buildings layouts and for above the

plinth work.

It is suitable for:

• Mass housing

• Typical floors

• Fast construction required

• No of repetition are more

• High quality

HISTORY AND BACKGROUND

• Mivan is basically an aluminum formwork system developed by one of the construction company from Europe. In 1990, the Mivan Company Ltd from Malaysia started the manufacturing of such formwork systems.

• Now a days more than 30,000 sq. m of formwork used in the world are under their operation.

• In Mumbai, India there are number of buildings constructed with the help of the above system which has been proved to be very economical and satisfactory for Indian Construction Environment.

• The technology has been used extensively in other countries such as Europe, Gulf Countries, Asia and all other parts of the world.

• All the activities are planned in assembly line manner and hence result into more accurate, well – controlled and high quality production at optimum cost and in shortest possible time.

COMPONENTS

MIVAN Formwork Assembly:

MIVAN aims in using modern

construction techniques and equipment

in all its projects. On leaving the MIVAN

factory all panels are clearly labeled to

ensure that they are easily identifiable

on site and can be smoothly fitted

together using the formwork modulation

drawings.

PROCEDURE

Pre – Concrete Activities:

I. Receipt of Equipment on Site – The equipment is received in the site as ordered.

II. Level Surveys – Level checking are made to maintain horizontal level check.

III. Setting Out – The setting out of the formwork is done.

IV. Control / Correction of Deviation – Deviation or any correction are carried out.

V. Erect Formwork – The formwork is erected on site.

VI. Erect Deck Formwork – Deck is erected for labours to work.

VII. Setting Kickers – kickers are provided over the beam

PRE – CONCRETE ACTIVITIES

On Concrete Activities:

i. Dislodging of pins/wedges due to vibration.

ii. Beam/deck props adjacent to drop areas slipping due to vibration.

iii. Ensure all bracing at special areas slipping due to vibration.

iv. Overspill of concrete at window opening etc.

Post – Concrete Activities:

i. Cleaning:

• All components should be cleaned with scrapers and wire brushes as soon as they are

struck. Wire brush is to be used on side rails only.

ii. Transporting:

• The heaviest and the longest, which is a full height of wall panel, can be carried up the

nearest stairway. Passes through void areas.

iii. Striking:

• Once cleaned and transported to the next point of erection, panels should be stacked at right

place and in right order.

iv. Erecting Of Formwork:

• After that formwork is erect again on the next floor.

ADVANTAGES

• Mivan formwork requires relatively less labour

• More seismic resistance

• Increased durability

• Lesser number of joints and reduced leakages

• Higher carpet area

• Smooth finishing of wall and slab

• Uniform quality of construction

• Negligible maintenance

• Faster completion

DISADVANTAGES

• Because of few small sizes finishing lines are seen on the concrete surfaces

• Services after completing become slightly difficult due to the small width of components

• It requires uniform planning as well as uniform elevations to be cost effective

• The formwork requires number of spacer, wall ties etc. which are placed @ 2ft c/c; these

produce problems such as seepage, leakages during monsoon

• Due to box-type construction, contraction cracks are likely to appear

• Heat of hydration is high due to shear walls

• It is rigid in design once placed, as any alteration becomes tough later

AAC BLOCKS

What is AAC?

• Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC), also known as autoclaved cellular concrete (ACC),

autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC), autoclaved concrete, cellular concrete, porous

concrete, Ytong, Hebel Block, Aircrete, Thermalite.

When was AAC first developed?

• AAC was developed in 1924 by a Swedish architect, who was looking for an alternate

building material with properties similar to that of wood – good thermal insulation, solid

structure and easy to work with – but without the disadvantage of combustibility, decay

and termite damage. It has been refined into a highly thermally insulating concrete-based

material used for both internal and external construction.

• AAC products include blocks, wall panels, floor and roof panels, and lintels.

• AAC has been produced for more than 70 years, and it offers several significant

advantages over other cement construction materials, one of the most important being

its lower environmental impact.

• Improved thermal efficiency reduces the heating and cooling load in buildings.

• Workability allows accurate cutting, which minimizes the generation of solid waste during

use.

• Light weight saves cost & energy in transportation.

• Light weight saves labour expenses.

• Light weight increases chances of survival during seismic activity.

ADVANTAGES

• Termite/Pest Resistant

• Cost Effective

• Easy Workability and Design Flexibility

• Thermally Insulated & Energy Efficient

• Fire Resistant

• Eco-friendly

RAW MATERIALS

SR. NO. RAW MATERIALS RATIO

1 FLY ASH 65 – 70 %

2 LIME 8 – 12 %

3 CEMENT 10 – 15 %

4 GYPSUM 0.5 – 5 %

5 ALUMINIUM POWDER 0.5 %

PROCESS OF LAYING AAC BLOCKS

THANK YOU