simply english grammar - saraswati house material... · 2018-07-03 · 1. abstract and collecti ve...

Terry O’Brien

Answer KeyGRAMMAR

English

8

SimplyGRAMMAR

(An imprint of New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd.)New Delhi-110002 (INDIA)

(An imprint of New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd.)

R

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First published 2016Reprinted 2017

ISBN: 978-93-5199-743-6

Published by: New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd.19 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 (India)

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1. AbstractandCollectiveNouns 1

2. Articles 3

3. Pronouns 5

4. Adjectives 7

Simply Quizzing-1 9

5. Infinitives 11

6. Participles 13

7. Gerunds 15

8. Subject-VerbAgreement 17

9. Modals 19

Simply Quizzing-2 21

10. Tense 23

11. Prepositions 25

12. Conjunctions 27

13. Adverb 30

14. ‘If’Clause 33


15. Sentence 36

16. ActiveandPassiveVoice 38

17. DirectandIndirectSpeech 39

18. Punctuation 41


Contents

19. WordBank 45

20. Comprehension 46

Phonics 47

Worksheet-1 51

Worksheet-2 54

Worksheet-3 56

Worksheet-4 58

Worksheet-5 60

Worksheet-6 63

Worksheet-7 65

Worksheet-8 67

Worksheet-9 69

Worksheet-10 71

Worksheet-11 73

Worksheet-12 75

Worksheet-13 77

Worksheet-14 79

Worksheet-15 81

Worksheet-16 83

Worksheet-17 87

18. Comprehension 90

19. Writing 94

Answerkey 97

1

1. Abstract and Collective Nouns

SIMPLY TAKE-OFF Free response.

SIMPLY PRACTISE 1. a. Aparcelofhogs b. Aswarm of bees c. Awealthofinformation d. Anarchipelagoofislands e. Asmackofjellyfish f. Acache of jewels g. Atroopofkangaroos h. Abunch of keys i. Abevyofladies j. Aleapofleopards k. Acolonyoflepers l. Aconvoyoflorries m. Anatlasofmaps n. Asetofmathematicians o. Amischiefofmice p. Awadofmoney q. Atribeofnatives r. Amurder of crows s. Abed of oysters t. Ateamofplayers

2. a. Heisamanofstrength. b. Thepeopleinthispartofthecountryliveinpoverty.

2

c. Crueltytowardsanimalsisapunishableoffence. d. HeisonapilgrimagetoMecca. e. Ihavegreatpleasureinwelcomingyou. f. Childhoodisthebestperiodinone’slife. g. Wastageofwatershouldalwaysbeavoided. h. Asaparent,mychildren’ssafetyisofutmostimportancetome. i. Asthesunsetbelowthehorizon,darknessenvelopedthegreenplanet. j. ThereisnoendtoRahul’swickedness.

3. Free response.

4. Free response.

SIMPLY DO IT Free response.

3

SIMPLY TAKE-OFF a. T b. F c.T d.F e. T f. F g. F h.T i.T

SIMPLY PRACTISE 1. a. I’vejustseenthelatestmoviebySpielberg. b. FreedomisthebestthingonEarth. c. PrinceRupertisagoodking. d. TheboysittingthereisJohn. e. IreallylikeQueenElizabethII. f. Idon’tliketomatoes. g. OnSundays,Isleepalldayalong. h. Thehousewe’vejustvisitedisthemostexpensiveone. i. Lifeissofunny! j. Spainisaverynicecountry!

2. a.ü b. Sugarhaslotsofcalories. c.ü d.ü e.ü f. Musicmakesmehappy. g.ü h. Friendsshouldhelpyouwhenyouneedit. i.ü j. Japaneseisadifficultlanguage. k.ü l.ü

2. Articles

4

m.ü n.ü o. Ican’tplaythepiano. p.ü

3. Anappleadayreallydoeskeepthedoctoraway.Weareusedtoassociatingorangeswithstayinghealthy.However,orangeisonlyoneofthenaturalremediesprovidedbynature.Applesandgreenvegetableshavebeenproventocontainmorenutrientsandvitaminsthatarenecessarytofightillnessesthanoranges.Yet,wehavenotacceptedthisfact.Whensomeonedevelopsacoldandgoestotheshoptopurchasemedicines,manyoftheoptionsareorangeflavouredororangecoloured.


5


SIMPLY PRACTISE 1. a. Whosejacketisthis?Isitreallyhis? b. Isheyourteacher? c. HeyRavi!Thisisnotourcar.Oursisred. d. Thedogbrokeitsleftleg. e. Myfriendlivesinabungalow,buttheirsismuchbigger. f. IsthisSneha’sroom?Yesitishers. g. Ilostmypenyesterday.CanIhaveoneofyours? h. Stop!Thesedollarsareallmine. i. Didyouforgetyourkeysyesterday? j. Arethesereallyyourshoes?Yes,thesearemine.Theyarenotyours.

2. a. Ipaidformyfood,soitismine. b. Thecatsnatcheditsfoodandranaway. c. ThesocialstudiesbookbelongstoSimran.Itishers. d. Allmyfriendslovevideogames.Playingthemisafavouritepastimeoftheirs. e. Weboughtthishousetogether,soitisours. f. Raginiisveryparticularaboutherthings.Shesaysnooneshouldtouchitsinceitishers. g. Hisproblemisreallyserious.Wewillaskthemforsomesuggestions. h. Free response. i. Free response. j. Youmustgiveitback.Afteralltheseredapplesaremine.

3. a. Thethiefwhostolethecarhasbeencaught. b. Showmetheroadwhichleadstothepolicestation. c. Onewhodoeshisbestshouldberewarded. d. Mygrandfather,whomIloved,passedawaylastnight.

3. Pronouns

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e. Kalidas,whowrotesomefinedramasinSanskrit,isoftencalledtheShakespeareofIndia. f. Heisaliarwhomnoonetrusts. g. Thatladythatyouseetheresingsverywell. h. Diamond,whichisaverypreciousstone,isfoundinmanypartsofAfrica. i. Shahina,whosingsverywell,ispopularamongherclassmates. j. Weboughtsomeorangesfromwhichweextractedthejuice.

4. a. Ishitawantstodotheprojectherself. reflexive b. Thesoldiercan’tfindthem. personal c. Ican’tbelieveit’sfinallyours. possessive d. Thebarberwhousuallycutsmyhairhaswonthelottery. possessive e. TheywanttogotoSwitzerlandsoon. personal f. Whyareyoushoutingatme? personal g. Theauthorgavemethelastsignedcopy. personal h. Nobodysaidawordallnight. indefinite i. Imyselfhaveseenthemaidstealathingortwo. emphatic j. Isthismine?Ireallydoubt. possessive


7


SIMPLY PRACTISE 1. a. Thegirliswearingalongreddress. b. Varunisatallthinman. c. Theprintertakesoutexcellentbigprints. d. Zebaandhersisterrecentlyleftforalongcampingtrip. e. Iloveeatingdeliciousorangemarmalade. f. Theintelligentyoungexecutivedidwellinthetest. g. Thescientistshavefoundagreatnewcureforthedisease. h. Iamgoingtowearmybigpurplesilktietotheball. i. Pleaserecyclethosethreeemptywaterplasticbottles. j. Nidhipackedherclothesinaflimsyblacktinbox. k. GingerisabigbrownGermanshepherd. l. Iamdrinkingfromasmallcoffeecup. m. Mygrandfathertellsusinterestingoldtales!

2. a. good better best b. well better best c. litt le less/lesser least d. much more most e. many more most f. late later/latter latest/last g. old older/elder oldest/eldest h. ill worse worst i. nice nicer nicest j. splendid moresplendid mostsplendid k. nigh nigher nighest/next l. fore former foremost/first

4. Adjectives

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m. in inner innermost/inmost n. up upper uppermost/upmost o. out outer/utter outermost/utmost p. learned morelearned mostlearned q. difficult moredifficult mostdifficult

3. a. Solomonwasawiseking. quality b. Thelionisaferociousanimal. quality c. Thefoolishcrowopenedhismouthtosing. quality d. Amithasnocivicsense. quality e. Kapilhaslitt leintelligence,itseems. quantity f. Nayakshowedmuchpatience. quality g. Wedidnotreceivesufficientrainthisyear. quantity h. Thewholeamountwasspentonclothes. number i. Yourmistakemighthaveseriousrepercussions. quality j. Thereareseveralpicturesinthisalbum. number k. Therearesomeeggsintherefrigerator. number l. Iboughtsixscarvesfromthefleemarket. number m. Eachparticipantwasgivenacertificate. number n. Ihaveboughtenoughsugarandmilk. quantity o. Wehaven’tgotenoughpins. quantity p. Whosebagisthisbytheway? possessive q. Whichwayshallwegonow? interrogative r. NeitheransweriscorrectIamsure. number;quality s. Whoisthefirstwomantowinthe interrogative NobelPrizeforPeace? t. Mostchildrenlikecartoonshows. number

4. Free response.


9

SIMPLY QUIZZING-1 § Whichamongtheseisnotanabstract noun: anger, courage, happiness, bountiful,

tuxedo?

Tuxedo

§ Saythecollective formsofthefollowingnouns:lions,bees,judges,sheep,flies,flowers.

pride,swarm,jury,flock,swarm,bouquet

§ Whenanarticleisusedbeforeapropernoun,itbecomesacommonnoun.Trueorfalse?

False

§ Weusethedefinite articlebeforeabstractnouns.Rightorwrong?

Wrong

§ Possessive determinersarealsoknownas..........................

possessiveadjectives

§ Weusepossessive pronounsinsteadofa..........................Weuseapossessive determinerbeforea..........................

noun;noun

§ Arrangethefollowingadjectivesintheorderthattheyappearinasentence.

3 Size

1 Quantity or number

6 Colour

2 Quality or opinion

8 Purpose or qualifier

4 Age

10

5 Shape

7 Proper adjective

§ Whatarethethreedegrees of comparison called?

Positive,comparativeandsuperlative

§ Thesuperlative formofintellectualis........................

mostintellectual

11

SIMPLY TAKE-OFF a. finite b.non-finite c. finite d.non-finite e. non-finite f.non-finite

SIMPLY PRACTISE 1. a. KapilcanspeakEnglish. b. Theboyshaveto dotheirhomework. c. Youmuststayathome. d. Atulwillhelpyou. e. Nilofercannotseeus. f. Mylitt lesisterlearnsto walk. g. Theywanttogotothecinema. h. Shahidashouldaskyourparents. i. I’dliketohaveabowlofsoup. j. Maywecomein,please? k. Canyoupassthestrawberries,please? l. I’dliketo knowwhatyourplanis. m. Canwedecidefinally?

2. a. HarmeethasagreedtomarrySimran. b. LastMondayVishuwantedtogoskiing. c. IaskedJohntoexplaintomewhathadhappened. d. Watchingoldmoviesmakesmesleep. e. AuntMirabelwon’tbeabletocometotheparty. f. I’dlikesomethingtodrink,please. g. Nobodycanforceyouto doanything. h. Didyouseehimfallfromthecliff? i. Shwetaswimstorelax. j. Whattimedoyouhavetoopenthestore?

5. In� nitives

12

3. a. JohnwastoobusytohelpmewithmyhomeworksoIhadto doitmyself. b. Youshouldeatvegetablesifyouwanttobehealthy. c. TheearthquakewassostrongIfeltthehouseshake. d. ReenawenttoMumbaitovisit/toseetheGatewayofIndia. e. Youneedtoexerciseregularlyto stayfit. f. Mywardenremindedmetoturnoff/toswitchoffthelightsoff. g. Theywerehappytoreachthetopofthecliff. h. Tanveerworkshardto earnalotofmoney. i. Ishoulddo/finish/completemyEnglishandMathhomeworknow. j. Arjunwenttohisfriend’shousetoplayvideogames.


13


SIMPLY TAKE-OFF 1. a. work worked worked b. do did does c. eat ate ate d. call called called e. begin began begun f. give gave gave g. answer answered answered h. see saw saw i. have had had j. go went gone k. learn learned learnt

2. a. barkingdogs b. playingchildren c. screaminggirls d. dancing cowboys e. swimmingducks f. cryingbabies g. running water h. singingteachers i. fallingleaves j. smiling faces

3. a. Thesailorsclungtothebrokenmast,astheshipsank. b. Theydugadeepwell,butfoundnowater. c. Thesnakewoundaroundtheboy’shand,butheflungitaway.

6. Participles

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d. Whenthebellwasrungtherunnerssprangtotheirfeet. e. Asheswungtheaxe,itfellfromhishandsandhistoewascleavedintwo. f. Malariaisadeadlydiseasespreadbymosquitoes. g. Thereneverhasarisenagreatmanwhohasnotbeenmisunderstood. h. AdamandhiswifehidthemselvesfromthepresenceoftheGod. i. Shewassoangrythatshetoretheletterintopieces. j. Theboywhohadstolenthewatchwasarrested.

4. a. Havinghurthisankle,Shekharstoppedwalking. b. Unwillingtomakeanotherattempt,thepatientdecidedtoquit. c. Beingwarnedoftheimpendingdisaster,theEmperormadegoodhisescape. d. Havinglostalargeamountofmoney,thetruckdrivergaveupgambling. e. Receivingnoreply,Isentanotheremail. f. Encouragedbymother,hepersevered. g. Beingtired,themonksatdowntorest. h. Takingpityonthemouse,themagicianturneditintoacat. i. Alightingfromthetrain,thepassengertrippedoverabag. j. Thehungryfoxsawabunchofgrapeshangingfromavine. k. Strickenwithgrief,sheleftthecity. l. Drivenbytherain,theytookshelterunderathatchedroof.


15


SIMPLY PRACTISE 1. a. Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyou. b. Hedreadshavingtoretire. c. Iarrangedtomeetthemhere. d. Heurgedusto workfaster. e. Iwishto seethemanager. f. It’snousewaiting. g. Hewarnedhertonottouchthewire. h. Don’tforgetto lockthedoor. i. Mymothertoldmenottospeaktoanyoneaboutit. j. Ican’tunderstandherbehavinglikethat.

2. a. Everydayshewalkstoschool. b. Rightnow,Iamdoingagrammarexercise. c. Nowadays,teenagerspreferchattingontheInternettocommunicating. d. SheusuallygoestoSingaporeonholidaybecauseitisthebestplaceonEarth. e. MycatsitsonmylapwhileIamworking. f. Wecelebratemybirthdayeveryfouryears:Iwasbornon29February. g. Myfriendisnotreadingatthemoment;sheisplayingwithme. h. Eatingchewinggumisnotallowedintheclassroom. i. Thechildrenarehelpingtheirparentsatthemoment. j. Thatrestaurantalwaysopensat8:20.

3. a. Runningismyfriends’sfavouritesport. gerund b. It’simportantforhertoswimeveryday. infinitive c. Shehasspecialrunningshoes. participle

7. Gerunds

16

d. Mybrotherlikesrunningintherain. gerund e. Myunclelikestohike. infinitive f. Exercisingisgoodforbuildingstrength. gerund g. Therearemanyhikingtrailsnearmyhouse. participle h. Heoncehadafrighteningruninwithabear. participle i. Havinglostourway,westoppedtoaskfordirections. participle j. Seeingthefire,thecrowdrantowardsthegate. participle


17

SIMPLY TAKE-OFF a. Bothchariotsareveryexpensive. b. Neitherofuswantedtogototherestaurant. c. Wouldeitherofyouliketocomeoutofthecar? d. She’sbothsociableandsensible. e. Heplaysneithertennisnorsquash. f. Ihaven’tseeneitherofyouinages. g. Neitherofmybrothersworkinthecity. h. Both/Eitherofyouwanttogobowling?

SIMPLY PRACTISE 1. a. SomeonefromtheWorldBankisheretoseeyou. b. Theissueofglobalwarming,humansafetyandterrorismwereofutmost importanceattheconference. c. EveryonevisitingTanzaniaandKenyawantstoseeagamepreserve. d. Allofthestudentsinmyschoolareinfavourofthenewmonitor. e. MrDayal,aswellashisyoungestson,isinthecorporatebusiness. f. Thevillagersfeelthatfire,smokeandchantswardawayevilspirits. g. Anappleorafewgrapesusuallyeasemyhungeraftergyming. h. Neithertheshopkeepernorthemanufacturerguaranteesthisnewproduct. i. Whereisthefatherandhistwosonsofftoo? j. Thepeonaswellasthemanagerandhisassistantwereexpectingasalaryincrease. k. Hasanyoneinclassrevisedthelessontoday? l. Noneofthepartnershavesignedtheircontractsyet. m. Partofthewateronthemoonwasfrozen. n. It’sIwhoisaskingpermissiontoleaveearlyfortheday. o. Afterthegame,theteamwasgettingreadytogohome. p. Heisoneofthosenaughtyboyswhoisalwaysuptosomemischief.

8. Subject-Verb Agreement

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q. Myfavouritedessertischocolatecaketoppedwithicecream. r. Thetravellersdiscoveredthatsomeoftheirmoneywasmissing. s. NeithermyfriendnorIamreadyfortheinterview. t. NeitherPunitnorhisfriendsisplanningtogotrekking.

2. a. Some(thinks,think)morepracticallythanothers.

b. StudentspassingoutofB-schools(earns,earn)goodsalaries.

c. Friendshavemanytraitsincommon,butmany(does,do)thingsdifferently.

d. Tobehappy,apersonfirst(accepts,accept)himself.

e. Afteracceptinghimselfasheis,he(tries,try)toimprove.

f. Preparationforforeigntravel(requires,require)muchplanning.

g. Moststudents(knows,know)thattheymuststudymostofthetime.

h. Mybrother,notmycousins,(is,are)incollege.

i. Theirmostdifficulttask(is,are)tolearnhowtospeakHindi.

j. There(is,are)manywaystodance.

k. Everyoneofthesemen(plays,play)golf.

l. NeitherMarynorHeena(is,are)goingtobeinthecampnextsummer.

m. There(was,were)severalreasonsforhisfailureintheboardexams.

n. Thequalityofdifferentkindsofcotton(varies,vary)greatlyfromitemtoitem.

o. Neitherwealthnorfamecan(brings,bring)thehappinessthatyoudesire.

p. There(is,are)comparativelyfewpoisonoussnakesinAlaska.

q. Adictionaryandanatlas(belongs,belong)ineveryschoolstaffroom.

r. Neitheroftheseenvelopes(is,are)thecorrectsizeformyparcel.

3. Free response.


19

SIMPLY TAKE-OFF a. IfonlyIcouldflytoEurope,I’dbeahappyman. b. Thereisnothingthatonecan’tdoinlife. c. WemightbeofftoSriLankasoon. d. Whatyouaredoingrightnowmayhaveseriousrepercussions. e. Canyoupleaselendmeyourredjacketforaday?

SIMPLY PRACTISE 1. a. Shallwevisitgrandpaandgrandma? b. Willyoucomewithustotheplay? c. Willheplayforourteaminthesemifinals? d. Willtheyadvertisethepost? e. WillIgetacertificateifIparticipateinthedebatecompetition? f. ThePrincipalsaid,‘Studentsoughttoassembleintheauditoriumat2p.m.’ g. Thepolicemansaid,‘Thethievesmustbethrashed.’ h. Ioughttobefairtothemosthardworkingworker. i. Wemustallworkforthecommongoodofthecountry. j. Youneedtotellthetruthbeforeitistoolate.

2. a. Thisisaverypreciouspieceofjewel.Youmustn’tloseit. b. Hewillbebusywithhismeetingforanothertwohours.Wemustn’tvisithimnow. c. Youneedn’twashthoseclothes.They’vealreadybeenwashed. d. Weneedn’thurry.Wehaveplentyoftimetoreachtheairport. e. Wehaveenoughsweaterssoweneedn’tbuysomemore. f. Thisisaverygreatnovel.Youmustreadit. g. Timeanddestinyarenotonourside.Wemusthurry. h. ‘Whatkindofclothesdoyouwanttobuy?Somethingwarm?’askedSamantha.‘Well,

itneedn’tbewarm—that’snotimportant,’answeredAlice.

9. Modals

20

i. Kritigavemealettertopost.Imustremembertopostit. j. Zohragavemesomework.Imustn’tforgetit.

3. a. Alishouldlistentogoodmusic. b. BhumioughttostudyMathsdiligently. c. CarolshouldreciteEnglishpoetry. d. Diyaoughttoreadthespeechloudly. e. Emilyshouldworkonherpronunciation. f. Felixoughttoreadstoriesregularly. g. Gunjanoughttopractisespeakingclearly. h. TheteachersaidthatHarmanoughttopayattentioninclass. i. Ishashouldbemorecarefulwhenaddingthesums. j. Jasleenshouldnotbeplayingallthetime.

4. Free response.


21

SIMPLY QUIZZING-2

§ Theinfinitiveisthe................formofaverbandisoftenusedwith.................

root;to

§ Thetwoformsoftheinfinitivearedistinguishedbytheterms................and.................

to-infinitives;bareinfinitives

§ Choosethecorrectoptions:Bare-infinitivesareusedaftertheauxiliariesshall, should, will, what, when, where.

shall,should,will

§ Theverbalwaysendswith-inginthe................form.

presentparticiple

§ Theparticipleisthatformofaverbwhichactsasan.................

adjective

§ The................................showsacompletedactionorastateorthingbeingspokenof,whilethe................................representsanactionisgoingonorisincomplete.

pastparticiple,presentparticiple

§ The................................endswith-d,-ed,-en,-tor-n.

pastparticiple

§ The................................endswith-ing.

presentparticiple

§ Theperfect participlerepresentsanaction.........................................................................................................................................................................................................

thatwascompletedatsometimeinthepast.

22

§ Whenasingularsubjectisconnectedtoapluralsubjectusingeither…or,neither…nor,theverbisalways................andappearsnearthe................subject.

plural;plural

§ A lot of,plenty of,some of,half of,most oftakeapluralverbwhentheyreferto................nounsandtakeasingularverbwhentheyreferto................nouns.

countable,uncountable

§ ................isusedtomakearequestand................isusedtoexpressasenseofduty or obligation.

Would,oughtto

23

SIMPLY TAKE-OFF a. Thegrandchildrenhadmettheirgrandparentsatthestation. b. Thestudentshavemadetheirprojectsforthenewsession. c. Intenminutes,thejurywillhavetakentheirdecision. d. Theboyisplayingcricketwhilehismotherisknitingasweater. e. Thepassengerswerewaitinginthequeuetoboardtheflight. f. Themigratorybirdswillbeflyingtothesouthduringwinters. g. Therestaurantwillbeopeninginthenextfewmonths.

SIMPLY PRACTISE 1. a. Natashahasbeenworkinghereforfiveyears. b. Ihavebeenprayingallday. c. Youhavebeentalkingalotrecently. d. WehavebeenlivinginJaipurfortwoweeks. e. Hehasbeenplayingcricketsoheistired. f. TheyhavebeenlearningFrenchfortwoyears. g. IhavebeenrunningsoI‘mreallytired. h. Shehasbeengoingtothemovieseveryweekend. i. Ithasbeenrainingsothegarageisflooded. j. Youhavebeensleepingfortenhours. 2. a. Manuhadbeensleeping. b. Ihadbeenreadingwhenthelightswentout. c. Snehahadbeenwashingherclothes. d. Ihadbeencookingdinnerwhentheguestsarrived. e. Snehahadbeendoingherhomeworkat8pm. f. Praveerhadbeenrepairingthecar. g. Adihadbeenrehearsingfortheplay. h. Nikkihadbeenwaitingforthebus. i. Thebirdshadbeenchirping.

10. Tense

24

j. Theboyshadbeenlearningtheirlesson. k. Shehadbeengettingready. l. Hehadbeensearchingforhiswallet. m. Themousehadbeeneatingthecheese. n. Ithadbeenraining. o. Thewindhadbeenblowingfiercely. p. Thedogshadbeenbarking.

3. a. Iwillnothavebeenworkingtomorrow. b. Youwillnothavebeensleepingwell. c. Wewillnothavebeenexercisingenough. d. Jhumawillnothavebeenstudying. e. Theywillnothavebeenstayinghereforlong. f. Itwillnothavebeenraining. g. Hewillnothavebeenplayingcricketforfiveyears. h. Theywillhavenotbeendrinkingenoughwater. i. Shwetawillnothavebeensleepingbutreading. j. TheywillnothavebeenwatchingTVmuch.

4. Free response.


25

SIMPLY TAKE-OFF a. Myparentswillbeawayfrom Monday tillnextweek. b. Lookunderthetable.Youwillfindthenewspaperlyingthere. c. Duringthesummercamp,thestudentsweretaughthowtomeditate. d. ThischequewassignedbynoneotherthanthePresidenthimself. e. TheroadisinabadconditionuptoTehran.

SIMPLY PRACTISE 1. a. MrsBosehasbeentheprincipalforsixyears. b. JohnandMariahavebeenmarriedsincetheyfinisheduniversity. c. Mygrandfatherhasworkedinthatofficesince1990. d. MyparentshavehadtheirhousesincetheymovedtoChennai. e. Wehavehadthisdogforthreeweeks. f. RitahasbeeninWestBengalsinceshefoundajobinKolkata. g. Sushilplayedinourschoolfootballteamforthreeyears. h. Sunilhasbeenmiserablesincehelosthispetdog. i. Ihaven’tseenthedoctorforages. j. Hehascollected2,500stampssincehewasalitt leboy. k. Diyahasbeendrivinghercarforsevenyears. l. Ihaven’tmetmyhighschoolfriendssinceIleftDelhi. m. MysisterandIhaven’teatenchipssincewewentonadiet. n. Myneighbourhasn’tbeenabletowalksinceshehadacaraccident. o. Ihaven’treadanygoodbookssinceMarch.

2. a. Wecametothiscitysixmonthsago. b. LathahasspokenTamilfortwelveyears. c. Myfatherhasbeenretiredforonlyfourmonths. d. OurEnglishteacherboughtabighousethreedaysago. e. Mybestfriendhasbeenadoctorforabouttwenty-threeyears.

11. Prepositions

26

f. Ihaven’thadahaircutforthreemonths. g. Ifinishedtidyingmyroomhalfanhourago. h. Animahasplayedinabasketballteamforfouryears. i. Mygrandparentsmovedtoourplacetwoweeksago. j. ItwasagesagothatIsawKartik. k. Thedelegatesarrivedatthevenue30minutesago. l. Thiscompanywasfoundedacenturyago. m. Ihaveknowntheprincipalforthelastyear. n. Myparentsgotacquaintedtomybestfriendaweekago. o. Heenaisinthegarden.Shehasbeenworkingtherewiththegardenerfortwohours.

3. a. MygrandmotherlookedaftermewhenIwasyoung. b. Isatbetweenmytwobestfriends. c. Someonetappedmyshoulder,soIlookedbehindme. d. Thechildhadtocrawlaboutthehousetolookforthetoy. e. Ileanedagainstthewallbecausemyankleswerehurting. f. IrantowardsthelightbecauseIwasfrightened. g. Beforetheceremonystarts,wemustallsayaprayersilently. h. Geetalookedacrosstheroadatthehousesontheotherside. i. SinceIamtall,Icanseeovermanypeopleintheaudience. j. Iwenttothegymearlyinthemorning. k. Mylitt lesonpointedupatthebird. l. Afterwefinisheating,wewillgowatchamovie. m. Iwalkedpastthemallonthebusystreet. n. Youareamongthegoodstudentsinclass. o. Sevenstudentswereselectedforthecontestbesidesme. 4. Free response.


27

SIMPLY TAKE-OFF

12. Conjunctions

for yet

after inasmuchas

and as far as

as soon as because

but although

C C

S S

C S

S S

C S

SIMPLY PRACTISE 1. a. NeitherZaffarnorHarmanwanttogotothefair. b. I’mnotsurewhetherthefunctionistodayortomorrow. c. Inordertolearn,youmustnot onlylistencloselybutalsounderstandtheconceptbeing taughttoo. d. I’dratherreadabookathomethangetboredattheparty.

28

e. Itisbothagoodideaandanexcellentone. f. Theprincipalwillgivealectureeither today ortomorrow. g. Thelibraryisas close asthehospital. h. Nosoonerhadthenursegiventheinjectionthanthepatientfellasleep. i. Thereareasmany doors aswindowsinthebuilding. j. It’snotaboutwhatyousaybutwhatyoufeel.

2. a. Youwillsucceedifyouworkhard. subordinating b. AdityadoesnotknowwhetherNikitawillcome. subordinating c. Thoughthechildispoor,sheishonest. subordinating d. Petermustbeasleepforthereisnolightinhisroom. coordinating e. BecauseIlikedhimItriedtohelphim. subordinating f. IwillcallyouwhenIarrive. subordinating g. Iwaitedforhoursbutshedidn’tcome. coordinating h. HarpreetistallerthanGurjeet. subordinating i. Givemesomethingtodrink,elseIwilldieofthirst. subordinating j. Wecantravelbyflightortrain. coordinating k. EitheryouaremistakenorIam. correlative l. Theflighthadtakenoffbeforewereached. coordinating m. IwillgotoRanchiafterIfinishmyworkhere. subordinating n. Theoldladywassoweakthatshecouldnotwalk. correlative o. UnlessIboardthetrain,IwillnotbeabletoseetheTajMahal. coordinating

29

3. a. Arjunnotonlyturneduplateforthemeetingbutalsoforgotthedocuments. b. Thelitt leboycanneitherreadnorwrite. c. NeitherdoIknowwhathappenedtoRohannordoIcare. d. ShruticannotonlyspeakJapanesebutalsowrite. e. Tonynotonlybuilthishousebutalsodesignedit. f. Eitherweleavenoworwecanstayforanotherhour. g. Sonamcanneithersingnordance. h. Eitheryouoryourfathercangivemeadvice. i. Ayeshanotonlysingslikeananglebutalsodanceswell. j. Eitheryoucancomewithmenoworyoucanwalkhome.


30

SIMPLY TAKE-OFF

1. 3 Adverboftime 2 Adverbofplace

1 Adverbofmanner 4 Adverbofpurpose

6 Adverbofdegree 5 Adverboffrequency

2. a. IplaycricketonSaturdayssometimes. b. MyfatherwashesthecaronSundaysalways. c. DoyougotoSpaininsummeralways? d. Thesunisshiningbrighly. e. It’snoteasytoknowalwayswheretoputanadverbinasentence.

SIMPLY PRACTISE 1. a. Thematch?Itwasfairlyasuccess. b. Iratherthinkwearegoingtobelategivenourpresentsituation. c. RavishcanspeakbothEnglishandHindifairlywell. d. Iwastoldthatitisfairlyeasytotravelbybus. e. ‘Howwastheconcert?’‘Fairlygood.Iwassurprised.’ f. IthinkIshouldclosethedoor.Itisrathercold. g. ‘Howwasthemovie?’‘Fairlygood.BestoneIhaveseeninalongtime.’ h. Thebluejacketisratherexpensive.I’dsett leforsomethingcheaper. i. Josephcanwalkfairlyfastbuthisweightisrathertroublesome. j. Myprincipalwasfairlyimpressedbytheplayweputup.

2. a. Thischocolateshakeisveryhot,butIcanstilldrinkit. b. Thischocolateshakeistoohot.Icannotdrinkit. c. Thischocolateshakeiscold.Itisnothotenough. d. Jawedistooyoungtodrive.Heisn’toldenough. e. ‘Thispastryisverysweet,butitisnice.’‘No,Ithinkit’stoosweet.’

13. Adverbs

31

f. Themarathonisverylong.MrBrownistoooldtorunit,buthissonisyoungenough. g. Thesariwastooexpensive.Sosheboughtadressinstead. h. It’sveryhotoutsiderightnowbuttomorrowitwillbetoohottogooutsideatall. i. Therearetoomanystudentsintheexhibition.Theauditoriumisverysmallandthere

aren’t enoughstalls. j. Theyweretoopoor.Theydidn’thaveenoughfoodtoeat.

3. a. Rachithardlyeversayssomethingnicetohisclassmates. adverbofmanner b. Sometimes,Lovleenstayslateintheofficetocompleteherwork. adverboffrequency c. Ourpupwasbittentwicebythesamedog. adverboftime d. Theoldmancollapsedanddiedyesterday. adverboftime e. Wecanstophereforlunch. adverbofplace f. Theirdaughterisquiteathleticforherage. adverbofmanner g. Afteralltheseyears,sheisstillfeelingverysadabouthergrandmother’sdeath. adverbofdegree h. Thesoldierswereinjuredbadlyinthefight. adverbofdegree i. Attheadvancedageof88,MrsRaostilldancedverywell. adverbofmanner j. Weonlywritetoeachotherveryoccasionally. adverboffrequency k. Sheisnotnearly alwaysrightalthoughshethinkssheisalwaysright. adverboffrequency l. Theboycomplainedthathisneighbourneversmiledback. adverboffrequency m. Theaccidentvictimnearlydiedfromhisinjuries. adverbofmanner n. Thefarmer’soldhutwasburneddownafewmonthsago. adverboftime o. Last week,wewerestuckintrafficforanhour. adverboftime

32

p. Theschoolboywasknockedoverbyaracecar. adverbofplace q. Theyrushedfortheirliveswhenfirebrokeoutonthefloorbelow. adverbofplace r. Theyhadtoactfasttosavetheothersdrowninginthefrigidwater. adverbofmanner s. Itwastoodarkforustofindourwayoutofthecave. adverbofdegree t. Therefereehadtostopthematchwhenitbegantorainveryheavily. adverbofmanner


33

SIMPLY TAKE-OFF

a. Whatshallwedoif b. Iwouldhavegonewithyou.

b. IfIweren’ttoobusy, e. wewillneedtotakesomeactionsoon.

c. IfIhavethetime, d. thiswouldnothavehappened.

d. IfIhadgonetoAgra, a. itrains.

e. Ifthisistrue, c. Ishallmeetyouthere.

SIMPLY PRACTISE 1. a. Ifitrains,wewillstayathome. b. Ifyoudo not knowtheway,Iwillpickyouup. c. Mymumwillbakeacakeifyoucometoseeus. d. Ifyoustudyharder,youwillgetbettermarksinyourtests. e. IfIbecomerich,Iwilltravelaroundtheworld. f. Shecancometothemarketwithusifshedoesnothavetowork. g. Ifyouwouldhavehelpedus,wewouldhavefinishedtheworkinnexttonotime. h. IwouldhavecalledyouearlierifIhadnotlostyourphonenumber. i. Theycannotgotothetheatrebycariftheweatherdoesn’tgetbetter. j. IfIhadacompass,Iwouldhavegivenittoyou. k. Ifhehadn’tbeenill,hewould’verunthemarathon. l. IfyougotoIreland,youwillneedaraincoat. m. Wewouldn’thavemissedthetrainifwehadgotupearlier. n. Ifwelivedinthecountry,thekidscouldhaveplayedoutsidealldaylong. o. Iftheyhadn’teatenthatmuch,theywouldn’thavegotastomachache. p. Iwillnotbeabletowritetoyouifyoudonotgivemeyouraddress. 2. Free response.


14. ‘If ’ Clause

34

SIMPLY QUIZZING-3

§ Fillintheblanks.

Present perfect continuous tense = subject+has/have+been+presentparticiple

Past perfect continuous tense = subject+had+been+pastparticiple

Future perfect continuous tense = subject+willhave+been+presentparticiple

§ .....................isusedtoindicateaperiodoftime.

For

§ .....................isusedtorefertostartingpointofactionsorsituations.

Since

§ .....................isusedtosaywhenpasteventshappened.

Ago

§ State any two prepositions of place,prepositions of time,prepositions of agent,prepositions of direction.

prepositionsofplace-in,between

prepositionsoftime-for,since

prepositionsofagent-by,with

prepositionsofdirection-into,upon

§ ....................................helpsjoinstatements.However,theyarealwaysusedinpairs.

Correlativeconjunctions

35

§ Themodal.....................isusedforfavourableconditions,while.....................isusedforunfavourableconditions.

fairly;rather

§ Themodal.....................isusedinthepositivedegree,while.....................isusedwiththecomparativedegree.

very;much

§ Themodal.....................meanssufficient,while.....................suggestsexcessofsomethingthatisdesirable.

enough;too

§ Themodal.....................meanslessthan‘very’butmorethana‘little’.Italsomeans......................

quite;completely

§ Whatistheopen condition?

Itisaconditionwhereinsomethingmayormaynothappen.

§ Whatistherejected condition?

Itisusedwhensomethingmighthavebeenfulfilled.

§ Whatistheimaginary condition?

Imaginaryconditionisthatconditionwhereastatementcannotbetrue.

36

SIMPLY TAKE-OFF a. declarativesentence b. imperativesentence c. interrogativesentence d. exclamatorysentence e. negativesentence

SIMPLY PRACTISE 1. a. Putasummaryofyourspeechonthenoticeboardtomorrowmorning. declarative b. In1955,ariotbrokeoutatanElvisPresleyconcertinJacksonville,Florida. declarative c. Yourperfumereallysmellsgreat! exclamatory d. Gohangyourbootsinthebootshelf. imperative e. That’smyfavouritesoundtrack. declarative f. Theactorinsistedhiscommentsweretakenoutofcontext. declarative g. Wow!thatlookswonderfulandunique. exclamatory h. Putthedishonthetablenexttothetomatoes. imperative i. Whyisthateaglecirclingaroundthechicken? interrogative j. WhotookthisaerialshotoftheParliamentHouse? interrogative k. Ittakesafewyearstocultivategrapesofacertainquality. declarative

15. Sentence

37

l. DidthepolicefindoutwhobrokeintotheMrSinha’shouse? interrogative m. Theclimbtothetopofthemountainisalmostvertical. declarative n. Makesureyoupayyourbillsontimeplease. imperative o. Litt leAlicelovestoswimandtaninthesun. declarative

2. Free response.


38

SIMPLY TAKE-OFF a. P b. P c.A d.P e. A

SIMPLY PRACTISE 1. a. Thewatchwasstolenbysomeone. b. Thethiefwhostolethepursewasarrestedbythepolice. c. TheTajMahalwillbevisitedbymygrandparentssoon. d. TheChiefMinisterisexpectedtocometomorrowbythepeople. e. Ourenemywasdefeatedbythearmy. f. Thelettersaredeliveredbythepostmantwiceaday. g. Alltrafficrulesshouldbeobeyedbyus. h. Hewasdismissedbythemanagerfromservice. i. Iwasgiftedawatchlatelybysomeone. j. Iwasinvitedtothefairbysomeone.

2. a. ThesurgeonfromtheUSoperatedthepatient. b. Theschoolsentacirculartotheparents. c. Myfriendhaswrittentheletter. d. Myuncledrovetheoldcar. e. Thepeonrangtheschoolbell. f. Someonestabbedthismanatnight. g. Someonetookmyshoestothecobbler. h. Thecycloneuprootedthetree. i. Someonestainedthebookcasedarkgreen. j. SomeoneplantedtheflowersinApril.

3. Free response.


16. Active and Passive Voice

39

SIMPLY TAKE-OFF a. then b. that c. those d. there e. before f. so g. thatday h. thenextday/thefollowingday i. previousday/thedaybefore j. previousnight

SIMPLY PRACTISE 1. a. Theboyexclaimedthattheyhadwonthematch. b. Theoldmansaidthathehadlosthispurse. c. Thechildexclaimedthatthesightwasbeautiful. d. Thegirlexclaimedthatthegirlwasbeautiful. e. Thecandidateremarkedthattheproblemwasdifficult. f. Thestudentwishedtheteachergoodmorning. g. Alicesaidhowgladshewastoseeherfriendthere. h. TheEmperorexclaimedthattheirfoesweretoostrong. i. Theboyexclaimedthathehadwonaprize. j. Theteamsaidthattheyhadlostthematch.

2. a. Thecaptainsaidtohisteam,‘Followme.’ b. TheteachersaidtoSheela,‘Goandstandinthecorner.’ c. Shalusaidtoherfriend,‘Don’tlieanymore.’ d. GunjansaidtoMonu,‘Givemeaglassofwater.’ e. Thegardenersaidtothechildren,‘Donotplucktheflowerseveragain.’

17. Direct and Indirect Speech

40

f. Aartisaidtothemanager,‘Kindlygrantmeleaveforthreedays.’ g. Doctorsaidtothepatient,‘Changeyoureatinghabits.’ h. ThePrincipalsaidtothechildren,‘Donotmakenoise.’ i. Myneighboursaidtome,‘Donotparkyourcarinfrontofmygarage.’ j. Myauntsaidtoherneighbour,‘Takecareofmyson.’


41

SIMPLY TAKE-OFF a. Thisisalessononpunctuation. b. Didyouknowthatthecolonisalsoapunctuationmark? c. Myteachersaid,‘Whyonlythecolon…Therearemanymorepunctuationmarks.’ d. Theotherpunctuationsmarksinclude:thefullstop,theexclamationmark,thesemicolon. e. Wow,nowondertheEnglishlanguageandgrammarseemssointeresting!

SIMPLY PRACTISE 1. a. Iknewthematerialperfectly–untilthisday. b. Threeprominentcandidates:ReemaKapoor,TonyRoberts,andHaiderAli,were

electedtotheboard. c.Math,English,Hindi,Science–Ihaveabusyexamschedulethismonth. d.Weweredelayedbyaslowmovingbus.Myimpatientcommander-in-chiefwas

reallyangry. e. Alltwenty-onestudentsinmyEnglishclassseemtobeself-motivated. f.MarkAntony’sfamousspeechbeginswiththesewords:Friends,Romans,Countrymen. g. Torepairthiscar,weneedthefollowingparts:aradiator,hoseandaheadgasket. h. Everyonewassupposedtoreadpages24-94overtheweekend. i. Thiscellphoneisnotworthrepairing–therequiredreplacementpartscosttoomuch. j. Thisisthetime–whetheryoulikeitornot–whenyouneedtomakeachoice.

2. a. Noone–andImeannoone–shouldbepermittedtocheatintheexam. b. HereiswhatIneedfromthesupermarket:milk,bananas,grapefruit,andicecream. c. Folk,Jazzandrock–thesearethetypesofmusicIreallyenjoy. d. Icanworkwithanyoneinthisdepartment–exceptSally. e. Theboardmeetingofthedelegatesbeginsat5:20pm. f. Beingasuccessintheclassiseasy–allittakesistheabilitytothink!

18. Punctuation

42

g. Theteacherwassaying,‘Takeyourbooksand…’–whenthedoorflewopen. h. Ifonlymyfriendhadcaredforme–butitdoesnotmatteranymore. i. Thedetectiveinterviewedthefollowingpeople:themaid,theguard,theowneroftheflat. j. Iwasreallysurprisedtosee–nowwhatisthatinyourhands?

43

SIMPLY QUIZZING-4

§ Giveanexampleofadeclarative sentence.

Free response.

§ Giveanexampleofanimperative sentence.

Free response.

§ Giveanexampleofaninterrogative sentence.

Free response.

§ Giveanexampleofanexclamatory sentence.

Free response.

§ Giveanexampleofanassertive sentence.

Free response.

§ Weusethe.................voicewhenwewantthedoeroftheactiontobeprominent.

active

§ Weusethe..................voicewhenwewantthepersonorthingactedupontobemadeprominent.

passive

§ Fillintheblanks.

Tense change from the direct speech to the indirect speech

Present simple tensechangesto.........................

pastsimple

Present continuous tensechangesto.........................

pastcontinuous

44

Present perfect tensechangesto.........................

pastperfect

Present perfect continuouschangesto.........................

pastperfectcontinuous

Past simplechangesto.........................

pastperfect

Past continuouschangesto.........................

pastperfectcontinuous

Past perfectchangesto.........................

pastperfect

Future simplechangesto.........................

pastsimple

Future continuouschangesto.........................

pastperfetctcontinuous

Future perfectchangesto.........................

pastperfect

§ Whendoweuseadash(—)?

toshowasuddenpause,asuddenchangeofthought

§ Whendoweuseahyphen(-)?

withcompoundwords

45

PROVERBS

1. a. Lookbeforeyouleap. e. Itiswhatwedothatmattersand notjustwhatwesay.

b. Astitchintimesavesnine. f. Don’tthinktoomuchaboutwhat hasalreadybeendone.

c. Allthatglittersisnotgold. d. Whatyoudowilldecidewhatyouget.

d. Asyousow,soshallyoureap. a. Thinkbeforeyouact.

e. Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. b. Donotdelayimportantwork.

f. Don’tcryoverspiltmilk. c. Allthatlooksniceontheoutsideneed not be reallyvaluable.

PHRASAL VERBS 2. a. Wewillgototheresortandcheckinat11a.m. b. TheQueenhasdecidedtostepdownaftersixdecadesonthethrone. c. Weheardthenoisegoofffromthenextdoorwherewewerewatchingtelevision. d. Thedirectordecidedtotakeoveranewcompany. e. MybossandIgetalongverywellmostofthetime. f. Shegaveupsingingalongtimeagobecauseofillhealth.

IDIOMS 3. Free response.

19. Word Bank

46

1. a. usualcompositions. b. returnedtoOakland. c. hissparetime. d. Klondike e. aCalifornianmagazine. 2. a. Thenarratorsayssobecauseevenatthatyoungageifhehadasparenickelhespentit

onanythinginsteadofcandybecauseheconsideredittobemanly. b. Thefirstthingherealisedwasthathehadanumberofresponsibilities. c. Thenarrator’ssuccessinTheSanFranciscoCallcompetitionseriouslyturnedhis

thoughtstowriting. d. Free response. 3. Free response. 4. Free response. 5. Free response.

20. Comprehension

47

Silent B

Silent D

Silent C

bomb aplomb comb climb debt crumb dumb doubt lamb jamb limb numb plumb subtle succumb thumb tomb womb

handsome sandwich Wednesday handkerchief balled

ascent ascend conscious conscience descend crescent disciple descent fascinate fluorescent isosceles incandescent miscellaneous luminescent obscene muscle scenario scene scent scissors

PHONICS

48

Silent G

Silent H

align assign benign campaign consign cologne feign design gnarl foreign gnash gnat gnaw gnome gnu reign resign sign

anchor ache architect archeology chaos archives character characteristic charisma chemical chemist chemotherapy choir chlorine chord cholera chorus choreograph Christian Christmas chrome echo leprechaun loch mechanical melancholy monarch monochrome orchestra orchid psychic school scheme technical stomach technology technique

49

Silent K

Silent N

Silent P

Silent T

knapsack knack knead knave kneel knee knew knell knickers knife knight knit knob knock knoll knot know knowledge knuckle

autumn column condemn damn hymn solemn

psychology pneumonia pseudo psychiatrist cupboard raspberry psychiatry receipt

bristle apostle castle bustle glisten fasten jostle hustle listen moisten mortgage often nestle rustle soften thistle trestle whistle wrestle

50

Silent U

Silent W

baguette biscuit build built circuit disguise guess guest guide guild guile guillotine guilt guilty guise guitar rogue silhouette

playwright awry wrack sword wrap wrangle wrath wrapper wreak wreath wreck wreckage wren wrench wrest wrestle wretch wretched wriggle wring wrinkle wrist write writ wrong writhe wrought wrote wry wrung

51

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct ‘collecti ve noun’ from the brackets.

a. A...............(herd/shoal)ofdeer.

b. A...............(cloud/album)ofdust.

c. A...............(ballet/bale)ofturtles.

d. A...............(pride/ballet)ofswans.

e. A...............(bouquet/nest)ofpheasants.

f. A...............(murder/congress)ofbaboons.

g. A...............(detective/sleuth)ofbears.

h. A...............(convocation/parcel)ofeagles.

2. Fill in the blanks with suitable ‘abstract nouns’ of the words given in the brackets.

a. Canyoubelievethatwoman’s...............(brilliant).

b. ...............(Cruel)towardsanyoneisunacceptable.

c. Thereistoomuch...............(poor)inthiscountry.

d.Wewelcomedtheguestofhonourwithgreat...............(please).

e. Hehasalwaysharboured...............(jealous)towardshersuccess.

f. Theyaregoingfora...............(pilgrim)soon.

g. ...............(Waste)ofnon-renewableenergyshouldbeavoided.

h. Riyawasengulfedin...............(sad)aftershelostherbook.

Worksheet 1(Linked to Lesson 1—Abstract and Collective Nouns)

52

3. Make sentences of your own with any fi ve ‘abstract nouns’.

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53

4. Make sentences of your own with any fi ve ‘collecti ve nouns’.

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54

1. Tick (ü) the sentences that are correct and rewrite the incorrect ones.

Theapplesaregoodforyou.

................................................................................................................

InBritain,cheeseismoreexpensivethanchocolates.

................................................................................................................

IknowsomeonewhowroteabookonlifeofGandhi.

................................................................................................................

Don’tstayinthathotel.Bedsareveryuncomfortable.

................................................................................................................

Doyouknowpeoplewholivenextdoor?

................................................................................................................

SkiingismyfavouritesportbutIalsolikeswimming.

................................................................................................................

AthensisthecapitalofGreece.

................................................................................................................

Theywentonatourbuttheirtripwasn’tasuccess.

................................................................................................................

Worksheet 2(Linked to Lesson 2—Articles)

55

2. Insert the ‘defi nite arti cle’ where needed.

a.Wevisitedgrandmain...................hospitaltwicelastweek.

b.Wheredidyouput...................flouryouboughtyesterday?

c. ...................NorthPoleisopposite...................SouthPole.

d. ...................QueenElizabethisamemberof...................royalfamily.

e. Sarahwas...................onlyonetoweartrouserstotheparty.

f. Areyouinterestedin...................Astrophysics?

g. Brailleisasystemofreadingandwritingbytouchfor...................blind.

h. Lastyearwevisited...................StPaul’sCathedral.

56

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct ‘pronoun’ from the brackets.

a.Whosebooksisthat?Isit....................(her/hers)?

b. IsMrCarl....................(yours/your)teacher?

c. Thecatinjured....................(its/his)tail.

d. Thatisn’t....................(our/ours).

e. Theseare....................(mine/my)candies.

f. Thehotelhas....................(its/my)ownswimmingpool.

g. Arethose....................(your/yours)trainers?

h. Howoldis....................(his/my)sister?

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct ‘pronouns’ to complete Jane’s lett er to Dan.

HiDan,

..................nameisJane...................ismyfriendJason.He’s12...................sisterisnine.Theyhavegotapet...................petisaGermanShephard...................nameisCharlie.JasonandIgotothesameschool.Thereare450boysandgirlsin..................school.Jason’sEnglishteacherisMrsPeterson.Shehasgotapet,too...................petisatortoise.OurEnglishteacherisMrSmith.Ilike..................lessons.Hehastwodogs.Thedogslovetoplayin..................garden.NowIhaveaquestionforyou.What’s..................pet?

Yours,

Jane

Worksheet 3(Linked to Lesson 3—Pronouns)

57

3. Choose the corresponding ‘possessive determiner’.

a. I ……………

b. you ……………

c. he ……………

d. she ……………

e. it ……………

f. we ……………

g. they ……………

58

1. Fill in the blanks with the ‘comparati ve’ and ‘superlati ve’ degrees of the words given below.

a. able …….........………. …….........……….

b. zealous …….........………. …….........……….

c. ill …….........………. …….........……….

d. nigh …….........………. …….........……….

e. well …….........………. …….........……….

2. Underline the ‘adjecti ves’ in the sentences given below and state their types.

a. Thatisadangerouschemical.Becarefulwhileusingit. ................

b. Idon’thavemuchmoney. ................

c. Thisredballoonismineandthoseyellowonesareyours. ................

d. Ispentmyafternooncleaningthetoilet. ................

e. Hehaseatenthreeapples. ................

f. Ourgrandmotherswereclassmates. ................

g. Thesetwofatcatshavefurrytails. ................

h.Whosebagisthis? ................

i. TheMediterraneancountrysideisbeautiful. ................

Worksheet 4(Linked to Lesson 4—Adjectives)

59

3. Rewrite the sentences by choosing the correct order of the ‘adjecti ve’ from the brackets.

a. Rahulhasa(green,new,huge)car.

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b.MsSmithisan(old,German,intelligent)woman.

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c. Rehaanrecentlywentoutfora(camping,long)trip.

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d. Theresearchershavefounda(wonderful,new)cureforthedisease.

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e. Hugoisa(white,small,German)shepherd.

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f. Iamgoingtowearmy(white,beautiful,Italian)dressfortonight’sparty.

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60

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the ‘infi niti ve’ from the brackets.

a. Heagreed..................(buy)anewcar.

b. Themanaskedmehow..................(get)totheairport.

c. Canyou..................(pass)thesandwiches?

d. Theywant..................(go)tothetheatre.

e.Wedecided..................(run)throughtheforest.

f. Arunwill..................(help)youwithyourwork.

g. TheteacherexpectedSarah..................(study)hard.

h. Thequestioniseasy..................(answer).

2. Tick (ü) the correct form of the ‘infi niti ve’ to fi ll in the blanks.

a. Johnhasagreed................thisorganisation.

tojoin

join

b. IaskedVenkat................meknowwhathappened.

to tell

tell

c. Readingbiographiesmakesmefall.................

toasleep

asleep

Worksheet 5(Linked to Lesson 5—In� nitives)

61

d.Wedecided................anewcar.

tobuy

buy

e. Youshould................vegetablesregularly.

to eat

eat

3. Write two sentences each with the ‘to-infi niti ve’ and the bare ‘infi niti ve’ form of the verbs given below.

a. help

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

b. reach

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

c. shake

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

62

d. drink

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

e. play

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

f. finish

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

g. learn

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

h. create

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................

63

1. Look at the verbs given in the brackets and write their ‘past parti ciple’ form.

a. .....................watches(repair)

b. .....................computers(steal)

c. .....................fans(fascinate)

d. .....................students(bore)

e. .....................children(confuse)

f. .....................umbrellas(forget)

g. .....................queens(amuse)

h. .....................doctors(worry)

2. Join each pair of sentences given below using a ‘parti ciple’.

a. Snehahurtherknee.Shestoppeddancing.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

b. Ireceivednoreply.Icalledagain.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

c. Rahulwastired.Hesatdown.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

Worksheet 6(Linked to Lesson 6—Participles)

64

d. Themanwassittinginthebalcony.Hewasreadingabook.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

e. IheardAmit.Shewastalkingonthephone.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

3. Rewrite the sentences by replacing the italic part with a ‘present parti ciple’.

a. Aarti was talking to her motherandforgoteverything.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

b. Since we read the newspaper every dayweknowwhat’sgoingoninthecity.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

c. The dog wagged its tailandjumpedonthelady.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

d. While Sonali was ti dying up her roomshefoundsomeoldphotos.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

e. He was a good boyandhelpedthepoor.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

f. As they didn’t have enough resources theymadethechocolatesathome.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

65

1. Fill in the blanks with the ‘infi niti ve’ or the ‘gerund’ form of the verb given in the brackets.

a. Ican’timaginePeter..................(go)bybike.

b. Heagreed..................(buy)anewcar.

c. Thequestioniseasy..................(answer).

d. Avoid..................(make)sillymistakes.

e. Areyouthinkingof..................(visit)London?

f. Shedoesn’tmind..................(work)thenightshift.

g. Ienjoy..................(write)picturepostcards.

h. He’dlike..................(fly)anaeroplane.

2. Fill in the blanks with the ‘simple present’, ‘present conti nuous’ or ‘gerund’ form of the verbs given in the brackets.

a. Rahul..................(cycle)toschooleveryday.

b. I..................(do)thedishesrightnow.

c.Mykittenlikes..................(sit)nearmewhileIwork.

d. Sheusually..................(finish)herworkontime.

e. Thegirls..................(help)theirmotherrightnow.

f. Thedineralways..................(open)at8a.m.

g. ..................(eat)foodinthemiddleoftheclassisnotallowed.

Worksheet 7(Linked to Lesson 7—Gerunds)

66

3. Make sentences with the ‘gerund’ form of the verbs given below.

a. sail

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

b. spent

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

c. walk

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

d.meet

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

e. lock

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

67

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct ‘verb’ from the brackets.

a. Rahulistheonlystudentwho....................(have/has)liveduptohisparents’expectations.

b. TheInternationalClub,aswellastheLiterarySocietyandtheSkiingClub....................(needs/need)tosubmitanewconstitution.

c. Oneofmybestfriends....................(are/is)onradiothisweek.

d. Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirinstructor....................(have/has)beencalledfortheaudition.

e.Mostofthemilk....................(has/have)gonebad.Twolitresofmilk....................(is/are)stillinthecontainer.

f. Eachandeverystudentandteacherinthisschool....................(hope/hopes)foranewsyllablesbynextyear.

g. Alargenumberofadultsstill....................(votes/vote)everyyear.

2. Underline the correct ‘verb’ to complete the sentences.

a. Annieandherbrothers(is,are)atschool.

b. Eithermymotherormyfather(is,are)comingtothemeeting.

c. GeorgeandGina(doesn’t,don’t)wanttoseethatmovie.

d. Ben(doesn’t,don’t)knowtheanswer.

e. Theplayers,aswellasthecaptain,(want,wants)towin.

f. Nobody(know,knows)thetroubleI’veseen.

Worksheet 8(Linked to Lesson 8—Subject-Verb Agreement)

68

g. Thecommittee(debates,debate)thesequestionscarefully.

h. ThePrimeMinister,togetherwithhiswife,(greets,greet)thepresscordially.

3. Make sentences of your own with the words given below.

a. either…or ...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

b. neither…nor ...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

c. or ...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

d. nor ...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

e. aswellas ...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

69

1. Fill in the blanks with ‘must’ or ‘mustn’t’.

a. You.................tidyupyourroom.

b. You.................playwithfire.

c. You.................doyourhomework.

d. You.................cheatinatest.

e. You.................turnthemusictooloud.

f. You.................helpinthehouse.

g. You.................annoyyourlitt lesister.

h. You.................bitenails.

2. Fill in the blanks with ‘mustn’t’ or ‘needn’t’.

a. I..................taketheumbrella.Itwon’train.

b. I..................crossthisbridge.It’sclosed.

c.We..................belate.Thetrainwillleavein10minutes.

d. You..................hurry.Wehaveplentyoftime.

e.Wehaveenoughdiesel,sowe..................stophere.

f. They..................dothewashingup,theyhaveadishwasher.

g. Thestudents..................forgettheirhomework.

h. You..................showthise-mailtoanyoneelse.I’lltrustyou.

Worksheet 9(Linked to Lesson 9—Modals)

70

3. Underline the correct ‘modal’ verb to complete the sentences.

a. ...................(Will/Shall)themessengerwaitforthereply?

b. He...................(shall/will)betalkingallthetimewithoutdoinganything.

c. ...................(Will/Shall)youbekindenoughtolendmeyourcar?

d. Thismachine...................(shall/will)workwellwithoutgivingyouanytrouble.

e. ...................(Will/Shall)yougivemeyourdictionary?

f. Onreceiptofthisletteryou...................(shall/will)leaveforMumbaiatonce.

g. Tellhimthathe...................(shall/will)neverrepeatthatmistake.

h. ...................(Will/Shall)Iputtheheatingon?

4. Make two sentences each with the ‘modal’ verbs given below.

a. oughtto

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

b. should

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

c. mustbe

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

d. shall

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

71

1. Fill in the blanks with the ‘present perfect conti nuous’ form of the verb from the brackets.

a. She.................(work)hereforfiveyears.

b. I.................(study)allday.

c. You.................(eat)alotrecently.

d.We.................(live)inLondonforsixmonths.

e. He.................(play)football,sohe’stired.

f. They.................(learn)Englishfortwoyears.

g. I.................(cook)soI’mreallytired.

h. He.................(go)tothecinemaeveryweekendforyears.

2. Fill in the blanks with the ‘past perfect conti nuous’ form of the verb from the brackets.

a. We...........................(sleep)for12hourswhenhewokeusup.

b. They...........................(wait)atthestationfor90minuteswhenthetrainfinallyarrived.

c.We...........................(lookfor)herringfortwohoursandthenwefounditinthebathroom.

d. I...........................(walk)foralongtime,whenitsuddenlybegantorain.

e. Howlong...........................(learn/she)EnglishbeforeshewenttoLondon?

Worksheet 10(Linked to Lesson 10—Tense)

72

f. He...........................(drive)lessthananhourwhenheranoutofpetrol.

g. Theywereverytiredintheeveningbecausethey...........................(help)onthefarmallday.

h. They...........................(cycle)alldaysotheirlegsweresoreintheevening.

3. Fill in the blanks with the ‘future perfect conti nuous’ form of the verb from the brackets.

a. BytheendofthemonthI........................(live)inthistownfortenyears.

b. Bytheendofthisweekwe........................(work)ontheprojectforamonth.

c. ByJulythefifththey........................(study)Englishfor3years.

d. By10o’clockshe........................(watch)TVfor4hours.

e. She........................(sleep)for10hoursby11o’clock.

f.We........................(lookfor)himfor40daysbynextSaturday.

73

1. Fill in the blanks with ‘for’ or ‘since’.

a. Ihavebeenwaiting...................4o’clock.

b. Suehasonlybeenwaiting...................20minutes.

c. TiyaandTinahavebeenlearningEnglish...................sixyears.

d. PriyamandAnuhavebeenlearningFrench...................1998.

e. Ihaven’tbeenonholiday...................lastJuly.

f.Maryhasbeensavinghermoney...................manyyears.

g. YouhavebeenwatchingTV...................hours.

h.Wehavebeenlivinghere...................2months.

2. Fill in the blanks with ‘for’ or ‘ago’.

a.MybrotherhasbeeninEngland...................twoweeksalready.

b. TanyawenttoNainitaltwoweeks....................

c. IsTominthegarden?Hehasbeenworkingthere...................threehours.

d. Themissingmanhasn’tbeenseen...................threeweeks.

e. Lisaisagoodfriend.Ihaveknownher...................alongtime.

f. IknowLisa.Wegotacquaintedayear....................

g. I’vebeeninthesamejob...................twentyyears.

h. Karancalledmefourdays....................

Worksheet 11(Linked to Lesson 11—Prepositions)

74

3. Make sentences of your own with the ‘prepositi ons’ given below.

a. above

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

b. beyond

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

c. between

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

d. by

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

e. beside

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

f. with

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

g. into

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

h. besides

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

75

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct ‘correlati ve conjuncti ons’.

a.Wecangoto..................Greece..................Spainforourholiday.

b. ..................rugby..................footballarepopularinFrance.

c. Pravir..................makesupstories..................singssongsaboutthefuture.

d. Inlife,whatcountsis..................thewinning..................thetakingupofchallenges.

e. ..................India..................PakistanisintheEuropeanUnion.

f. Youhavetodothisjob..................youlikeit..................not.

g. ..................hadItakenmyshoesoff..................Ifoundoutwehadtoleaveagain.

h. I’dprefertogoinAugust....................................inJuly.

i. Dhaniis..................clever..................Rahul.

j. Hedoesn’thave..................stampsinhiscollection..................youhave.

2. Read the sentences given below and underline the conjuncti ons. Write ‘SC’ if it is a subordinati ng conjuncti on or ‘CC’ if it is a coordinati ng conjuncti on.

a.Mymotherpackedthedinner,andIpackedthedessert. ...........

b. Thechildlaughedwhenthecatchaseditstail. ...........

c. Thelionlimpedasitcreptthroughthejungle. ...........

d. Becauseitbegantorain,theopenconcertwascalledoff. ...........

Worksheet 12(Linked to Lesson 12—Conjunctions)

76

e. IcalledTasha,butshedidn’tanswer. ...........

f. Ifthedoorisopen,youshouldcloseit. ...........

g. Itwasagoodmovie,yetnoonesawit. ...........

h.Wheneveryouareready,wewillleave. ...........

i. Theclasspicnicwillbeatthepark,oritwillbeatthezoo. ...........

j. Thepilgrimsstoppedtorestalthoughtheywereinahurry. ...........

77

1. Fill in the blanks with ‘fairly’ or ‘rather’.

a. Bytheendofthedaywewere................tired.

b. ‘Howwasthefilm?’‘................good–Iwassurprised.’

c. IspeakGreek................well—enoughformosteverydaypurposes.

d. IthinkI’llputtheheatingon.It’s................cold.

e. I’m................busy,actually.

f. I................thinkwearegoingtolose.

g. Ginacooks................well.

h. Doyouseethat................tallboystandingoverthere?

i. Timothyis................large.

j. Veniceisa................beautifulcity.

2. Fill in the blanks with ‘very’, ‘too’ or ‘enough’.

a. Thehotandsoursoupwas................spicyformetoeat,Icouldn’tswallowit.

b. Isthisboxlight................foryoutocarry?

c. Iamjust................tiredtoworkanymore.

d. I’m................interestedineveryone’sopinionsoIappreciateyourview.

e. Doyouhave................moneyforemergencies?

f. Thankyou................muchforyournicewords.

Worksheet 13(Linked to Lesson 13—Adverbs)

78

g. Howmuchcalciumis................topreventboneloss?

h. Don’tworryaboutyourmother,she’llbehome................soon.

i.Wedon’tget................restbecausewehavetoomuchhomeworktodo.

j. High-definitiontelevisionsaremuch................expensivefortheaverageperson.

3. Underline the ‘adverbs’ in the sentences given below and state their types.

a. Yourepliedcorrectly. .............

b. Hewasstandingnearthewall. .............

c. Attheadvancedageof88,shestillsangverywell. .............

d. Hegotupearlyinthemorning. .............

e. Barkingdogsseldombite. .............

f. Sheisstillwaitingforherbrother. .............

g. Herdaughterisquiteintelligentforherage. .............

h. Sometimeshestayslateintheofficetocompletehiswork. .............

i. Hisfactorywasburneddownafewmonthsago. .............

j. Thebrotherswerebadlyinjuredinthefight. .............

k. Theaccidentvictimnearlydiedfromhisinjuries. .............

l. Itwastoodarkforustofindourwayoutofthecave. .............

79

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the ‘verb’ from the brackets.

a. IfI.............(study),I.............(pass)theexams.

b. IfI.............(tocome)homeearlier,I.............(toprepare)dinner.

c. Ifthesun.............(shine),we.............(walk)tothetown.

d. IfTimandTom.............(tobe)older,they.............(toplay)inourhockeyteam.

e. Ifhe.............(has)atemperature,he.............(see)thedoctor.

f. Ifhe.............(tobe)myfriend,I.............(toinvite)himtomybirthdayparty.

g. Ifmyfriends.............(come),I.............(be)veryhappy.

h. IfSusan.............(tostudy)harder,she.............(tobe)betteratschool.

i. Ifshe.............(earn)alotofmoney,she.............(fly)toNewYork.

j. Ifyou.............(todo)apaperround,you.............(toearn)alitt leextramoney.

k. Ifwe.............(travel)toLondon,we.............(visit)themuseums.

l. Ifyou.............(wear)sandalsinthemountains,you.............(slip)ontherocks.

m. Ifwe.............(tohurry),we.............(tocatch)thebus.

n. IfRita.............(forget)herhomework,theteacher.............(give)heralowmark.

Worksheet 14(Linked to Lesson 14—‘If ’ Clause)

80

2. Complete the sentences given below.

a. Iftheweather...........................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

b. Ifwehadgone...........................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

c. Iftheboyshad...........................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

d. Iftheteacher...........................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

e. Ifyouhad..................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

f. IfIwerehealthy........................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

g. IfIwereinLondon....................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

81

1. Punctuate the sentences given below. Once done, state their types.

a.Wheredoesyourdadgohunting ..........................

b. Ohno ..........................

c. DoyoulikeMilkyWaycandybars ..........................

d. Thediningroomwassocrowdedthattherewasonlyanarrowaislebetweenthechairs ..........................

e. Tryyourbestatsoccer ..........................

f. Shakethesaladdressingforme ..........................

g.Whothrewthebaseballthroughthewindow ..........................

h. Getthewordoutthatwearehavingaparty ..........................

i. Getdownfromthere ..........................

j. Hurrah ..........................

k. Thekittenbegantonestleagainsthismother ..........................

l. Thesalespersonbegantodemonstratethekitchentoolsthatcouldbeusefultous ..........................

m.Whatkindofcompanydoesyourdadown ..........................

n. Inevergetpickedtoplaywiththem ..........................

o. Thatwasunfair ..........................

Worksheet 15(Linked to Lesson 15—Sentence)

82

2. Make two sentences of your own as instructed.

a. declarativesentences

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

b. interrogativesentences

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

c. imperativesentences

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

d. assertivesentences

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

e. exclamatorysentences

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

f. negativesentences

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

83

1. State whether the sentences given below are in the ‘acti ve voice’ (AV) or the ‘passive voice’ (PV).

a. Theyoftenlistentomusic. ................

b. Sheisreadingthenewspapernow. ................

c. ThesecarsareproducedinJapan. ................

d. Ahanateachesgeography. ................

e. GermanisspokeninAustria. ................

f. Lotsofhousesweredestroyedbytheearthquakein1906. ................

g. HenryFordinventedtheassemblyline. ................

h. Thebusdriverwashurtyesterday. ................

i. Youshouldopenyourworkbooks. ................

j. Houseshavebeenbuilt. ................

2. Rewrite the sentences given below in the ‘passive voice’.

a. HeteachesEnglish.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

b. Thechildiseatingbananas.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

Worksheet 16(Linked to Lesson 16—Active and Passive Voice)

84

c. Sheiswritingaletter.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

d. Themasterpunishedthehouse-help.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

e. Hewaswritingabook.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

f. Somebodycooksmealseveryday.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

g.MayGodblessyouwithhappiness!

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

h. Theyarebuildingahouse.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

i. Ihavefinishedthejob.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

j. Isentthereportyesterday.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

85

k. Sheboughtadiamondnecklace.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

l. Somebodyhasstolenmypurse.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

3. Rewrite the sentences given below in the ‘acti ve voice’.

a. AnovelisbeingreadbyMary.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

b. Astonewasbeingthrownbythekid.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

c. Acarhasbeenboughtbyhim.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

d. Thedoorhasbeenknockedatbysomeone.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

e. Jamiseatenbychildreninmycountry.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

f. Thejackpotwillwewonbyher.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

86

g. Themothertonguewouldbetaughttohimbyher.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

h. Thefishiseatenbythecat.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

i. Abookwasofferedtothembyher.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

j. Aletterwaswrittentohimbyher.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

87

1. Rewrite the sentences given below using ‘indirect speech’.

a. ‘Areyougoingtotheparty?’Samaskedme.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

b. Rajivsaid,‘Ineedsomethingtoeat.’

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

c.Martinsaid,‘Idon’tlikethisparty.’

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

d. Shaliniasked,‘Whereismybag?’

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

e. ‘Keepquiet,’theteachersaidtotheboys.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

f.Mariasaid,‘Iwanttoseethedoctor.’

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

Worksheet 17(Linked to Lesson 17—Direct and Indirect Speech)

88

g. Sophiasaid,‘Imustapplyforthatjob.’

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

h. ‘Whereareyougoing?’thepolicemanaskedthewoman.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

i. ‘Whyareyoucrying?’askedRahul.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

j. ‘Iwillbeworkinglatetonight,’Samsaidtohermother.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

k. ‘Whereismykey?’Manuaskedhismother.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

l. ‘Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?’motheraskedherson.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

2. Rewrite the sentences given below using ‘direct speech’.

a. Shetoldhermotherthatshewasgoingtothemarket.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

b. HisfriendstoldmethattheywouldgohomethefollowingSunday.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

89

c. TheteachertoldMarkhehadbeenveryregularinhiswork.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

d.Marctoldmethathehadfinishedhiswork.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

e. Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

f. Hesaidthatshewasnotgoinghomethatday.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

g. HeaskedmeifIhadbroughtthepens.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

h. Theboyaskedmeifthatwastheplacewehadvisitedbefore.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

i. Thejudgetoldthewitnesstotellthetruth.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

j. Theprisonerbeggedthejudgetoforgivehim.

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

90

The FenceSaturdaymorningcame.Allthesummerworldwasbrightandfreshand

fulloflife.Tomappearedinfrontofthehousewithpaintandabigbrush.Helookedat

thefence,andalljoylefthim.Adeepsadnesssett leduponhisheart.Thefencewaslongandhigh.Hewetthebrushandmoveditalongthetopboard.Hediditagain,anddiditagain.Helookedatwhathehaddone.Thepaintedpartwasvery,verysmall.Thewholefencewasverylarge.Hesatdown.Hefeltthathecouldnotcontinue.Jim,aboywhoworkedforthefamily,camethroughthegate.Hewasgoingtogetwater,andhewassinginghappily.

Tomsaid,‘Jim,Iwillgetthewater,ifyouwillpaint.’Jimsaid,‘No.Imustgetthewater.’‘AreyouafraidofAuntPolly?Shewon’t

hurtyou.Shetalksaboutit,buttalkneverhurts.Itneverhurtsexceptwhensheweeps,also.Youshouldnotbeafraidofher.Jim,Iwillgiveyouoneofmyplaythings.AndIwillshowyoumyfoot.IwillshowyouwhereIhurtit.’Jimwasonlyhuman.Hetooktheplaythingandheputhisheaddowntolookatthefoot.Inanothermomenthewasrunningdownthestreet.Tomwaspaintingasfastaspossible.AndAuntPollywasreturningtothehouse.

ButTombegantothinkofthepleasureplannedforthisday.Hishandsmovedmoreslowly.Soontheotherboyswouldcomeandlaughathimforworking.Fromhispockethetookeverythingthatheowned.Helookedatit.Therewasnothingofrealvalue.Itwasnotenoughtobuyanotherboy’shelp.Atthisdarkmoment,awonderfulideacametohim.Itwaslikeagreat,brightlight.Hetookhisbrushandwentquietlytowork.

BenRogersappearedsoon.TomhadbeenespeciallyafraidofBen’slaugh.Benwaseatinganapple.Alsoashewalked,hewasmakingnoiseslikethose

ofabigriverboat.Hewouldshoutloudly.Thenhewouldsay,

18. Comprehension

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‘Ding-dong-dong,’likeabell.Thenhewouldshoutagain,andsay,‘Ding-dong-dong,’again,andmakeotherstrangenoises.Hewastheboat,andhewasthecaptainoftheboat,andtheboatbell.

‘Turnher!’heshouted.‘Slowher!Stop!’Hemadeaslow,carefulturn,cameclosebesideTom,andstopped.

Tomcontinuedhispainting.Hedidnotlookattheboat.Bensaid,‘Hello!Youareintrouble.’Noanswer.Tommovedhisbrushgently,andlookedattheresult.Bencame

nearer.Tomwishedfortheapple,buthedidnotturnfromhiswork.Bensaid:‘Hello,youmustwork,mustyou?’Tomturnedsuddenly.‘Oh,Ben,isityou?Ididnotseeyou.’‘Iamgoingswimming,Iam.Doyouwishyoucouldgowithme?Orwouldyou

ratherwork?’Tomsaid,‘Whatdoyoumean?Work?’‘Thatiswork.’Tomreturnedtohispainting.‘Itmaybeworkanditmaynotbe.Butitisfine

forTomSawyer.’‘Doyoumeanthatyouenjoyit?’‘Enjoyit?Doesaboyhaveachancetopaintafenceeveryday?’Herewasanewidea.Benstoppedeatinghisapple.Tommovedhisbrush—

steppedawaytolookattheresult—addedalitt lepainthereandthere—steppedawayagain.Benwatched.Hewasmoreandmoreinterested.Thenhesaid:

‘Tom,letmepaintalitt le.’Tomthought.Thenhesaid,‘No,Ben.AuntPollywantsthisfencetobeperfect.

Ifitwasthefencebehindthehouse,youcouldhelp.Butthisfence,besidethestreet,mustbedoneverycarefully.Thereisnotoneboyinathousandwhocandoitwell.’‘Oh,Tom,letmetry.Onlyalitt le.Iwillbecareful.Tom,Iwillgiveyoupartofmyapple.’‘No,Ben.Iamafraid—’

‘Iwillgiveyouallofit!’TomgavethebrushtoBenslowly,butwithjoyinhisheart.And,whiletheboy

whoafewmomentsbeforehadbeenariverboatworker,becamehotinthesun.Tomsatunderthetree,eatingtheappleandplanninghowtogetmorehelp.

Therewereenoughboys.Theycamealongthestreet,stoppedtolaugh,butremainedtopaint.AfterBen,BillFisherpainted.ThenJohnnyMillercame.Eachonepaidtobeallowedtowork.Inthemiddleoftheafternoon,Tomwasvery

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rich.Hehadmanyplaythings,asmallcatwithoneeye,apieceofbrokenblueglass,andmuchmore.

Andhehadnotworked,andthewholefencehadbeenpaintedthreetimes.Therewasnomorepaint.Withmorepaint,Tomwouldsoonhaveownedeverythingbelongingtotheotherboys.Andtheotherboysinthevillagewouldhaveownednothing.

Tomhaddiscoveredagreatlawofhumanaction.Amanoraboywilldesiresomethingifitisnoteasytoget.

—An adapted extract fromTheAdventuresofTomSawyer

1. I will get the water, if you will paint. a. Whosaidthesewordsandtowhom? b. Whydidhesaytheabovewords? c. Doesthelistenerhelptheotherpersonout?Whyorwhynot?

2. I am going swimming, I am. Do you wish you could go with me? a. Whosaidthesewordsandtowhom? b. Whyisthespeakerteasingthelistener? c. Whathappenstothespeakereventually?

3. Why was Tom Sawyer sad?

4. How did Tom get Jim and Ben to paint the fence?

5. In what way did Tom become rich?

6. What would have happened if Tom had more paint?

7. What is the crux of the story? Do you agree with it?

8. Make a set of three diff erent words with each prefi x given below.

a. under ............................ ............................ ............................

b. pre ............................ ............................ ............................

c. semi ............................ ............................ ............................

d. tri ............................ ............................ ............................

e. extra ............................ ............................ ............................

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9. Make sentences of your own with the words given below.

a. reorganise

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b. supermarket

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c. misjudge

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d. regained

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e. preheat

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19. Writing

1. Read the key words given below and weave a short story around them in 350-400 words.

youngprincess-alone-walkinginwood-coolspring-talkingfrog-toyfalls-frogbringsitback-givesthanks-frogturnsintoyoungprince

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2. Now, write down the summary of the story that you just wrote.

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Answer KeysWorksheet-1

1. a. Aherdofdeer. b. Acloudofdust. c. Abaleofturtles. d. Aballetofswans. e. Abouquetofpheasants. f. Acongressofbaboons. g. Asleuthofbears. h. Aconvocationofeagles.

2. a. Canyoubelievethatwoman’sbrilliance. b. Crueltytowardsanyoneisunacceptable. c. Thereistoomuchpovertyinthiscountry. d. Wewelcomedtheguestofhonourwithgreatpleasure. e. Hehasalwaysharbouredjealousytowardshersuccess. f. Theyaregoingforapilgrimagesoon. g. Wastageofnon-renewableenergyshouldbeavoided. h. Riyawasengulfedinsadnessaftershelostherbook. 3.Free response.

Worksheet-2

1. a. Applesaregoodforyou. b.ü c. IknowsomeonewhowroteabookonthelifeofGandhi. d. Don’tstayinthathotel.Thebedsareveryuncomfortable. e. Doyouknowthepeoplewholivenextdoor? f.ü g.ü h.ü 2. a. Wevisitedgrandmainthehospitaltwicelastweek. b. Wheredidyouputtheflouryouboughtyesterday? c. TheNorthPoleisoppositetheSouthPole. d. QueenElizabethisamemberoftheroyalfamily. e. Sarahwastheonlyonetoweartrouserstotheparty. f. AreyouinterestedinAstrophysics? g. Brailleisasystemofreadingandwritingbytouchfortheblind. h. LastyearwevisitedStPaul’sCathedral.

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Worksheet-3

1. a. Whosebooksisthat?Isithers? b. IsMrCarlyourteacher? c. Thecatinjureditstail. d. Thatisn’tours. e. Thesearemycandies. f. Thehotelhasitsownswimmingpool. g. Arethoseyourtrainers? h. Howoldishissister? 2. HiDan, MynameisJane.ThisismyfriendJason.He’s12.Hissisterisnine.Theyhavegotapet.

TheirpetisaGermanShephard.ItsnameisCharlie.JasonandIgotothesameschool.Thereare450boysandgirlsinourschool.Jason’sEnglishteacherisMrsPeterson.Shehasgotapet,too.Herpetisatortoise.OurEnglishteacherisMrSmith.Ilikehislessons.Hehastwodogs.Thedogslovetoplayinhisgarden.NowIhaveaquestionforyou.What’syourpet?

Yours, Jane 3. a. I→my b. you→your c. he→his d. she→her e. it→its f. we→our g. they→their

Worksheet-4

1. a. abler ablest b. morezealous mostzealous c. worse worst d. nigher nighest/next e. better best 2. a. Thatisadangerouschemical.Becarefulwhileusingit. quality b. Idon’thavemuchmoney. quantity c. This redballoonismineandthoseyellowonesareyours. demonstrative,quality

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d. Ispentmyafternooncleaningthetoilet. possessivedeterminer e. Hehaseatenthreeapples. number f. Ourgrandmotherswereclassmates. possessivedeterminer g. These two fatcatshavefurrytails. demonstrative,number,

quality h. Whosebagisthis? interrogative i. TheMediterraneancountrysideisbeautiful. quality 3. a. Rahulhasahugenewgreencar. b. MsSmithisanintelligentoldGermanwoman. c. Rehaanrecentlywentoutforalongcampingtrip. d. Theresearchershavefoundawonderfulnewcureforthedisease. e. HugoisasmallwhiteGermanshepherd. f. IamgoingtowearmybeautifulwhiteItaliandressfortonight’sparty.

Worksheet-5

1. a. Heagreedtobuyanewcar. b. Themanaskedmehowtogettotheairport. c. Canyoupassthesandwiches? d. Theywanttogotothetheatre. e. Wedecidedtorunthroughtheforest. f. Arunwillhelpyouwithyourwork. g. TheteacherexpectedSarahtostudyhard. h. Thequestioniseasyto answer. 2. a. tojoin b. totell c. asleep d. tobuy e. eat 3.Free response.

Worksheet-6

1. a. repairedwatches b. stolencomputers c. fascinatedfans d. boredstudents e. confusedchildren f. forgottenumbrellas g. amusedqueens h. worried doctors 2. a. HavinghurtherkneeSnehastoppeddancing. b. ReceivingnoreplyIcalledagain.

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c. BeingtiredRahulsatdown. d. Themanwassittinginthebalconyreadingabook. e. IheardAmittalkingonthephone. 3. a. TalkingtoherfriendAartiforgoteverything. b. Readingthenewspapereverydayweknowwhat’sgoingoninthecity. c. Waggingitstail,jumpedonthelady. d. TidyingupherroomSonalifoundsomeoldphotos. e. Beingagoodboyhehelpedthepoor. f. Nothavingenoughresourcestheymadechocolatesathome.

Worksheet-7

1. a. Ican’timaginePetergoingbybike. b. Heagreedtobuyanewcar. c. Thequestioniseasyto answer. d. Avoidmakingsillymistakes. e. AreyouthinkingofvisitingLondon? f. Shedoesn’tmindworkingthenightshift. g. Ienjoywritingpicturepostcards. h. He’dliketoflyanaeroplane. 2. a. Rahulcyclestoschooleveryday. b. Iamdoingthedishesrightnow. c. MykittenlikestositnearmewhileIwork. d. Sheusuallyfinishesherworkontime. e. Thegirlsarehelpingtheirmotherrightnow. f. Thedineralwaysopensat8a.m. g. Eatingfoodinthemiddleoftheclassisnotallowed. 3.Free response.

Worksheet-8

1. a. has b. need c. is d. has e. has,is f. hopes g. vote 2. a. are b. is

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c. don’t d. doesn’t e. want f. knows g. debates h. greet 3.Free response.

Worksheet-9

1. a. Youmusttidyupyourroom. b. Youmustn’tplaywithfire. c. Youmustdoyourhomework. d. Youmustn’tcheatinatest. e. Youmustn’tturnthemusictooloud. f. Youmusthelpinthehouse. g. Youmustn’tannoyyourlitt lesister. h. Youmustn’tbitenails. 2. a. Ineedn’ttaketheumbrella.Itwon’train. b. Imustn’tcrossthisbridge.It’sclosed. c. Wemustn’tbelate.Thetrainwillleavein10minutes. d. Youneedn’thurry.Wehaveplentyoftime. e. Wehaveenoughdiesel,soweneedn’tstophere. f. Theyneedn’tdothewashingup,theyhaveadishwasher. g. Thestudentsmustn’tforgettheirhomework. h. Youmustn’tshowthise-mailtoanyoneelse.I’lltrustyou. 3. a. Willthemessengerwaitforthereply? b. Hewillbetalkingallthetimewithoutdoinganything. c. Willyoubekindenoughtolendmeyourcar? d. Thismachinewillworkwellwithoutgivingyouanytrouble. e. Willyougivemeyourdictionary? f. OnreceiptofthisletteryoushallleaveforMumbaiatonce. g. Tellhimthatheshallneverrepeatthatmistake. h. ShallIputtheheatingon? 4.Free response.

Worksheet-10

1. a. hasbeenworking b. havebeenstudying

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c. havebeeneating d. havebeenliving e. hasbeenplaying f. havebeenlearning g. havebeenworking h. hasbeengoing 2. a. hadbeensleeping b. hadbeenwaiting c. hadbeenlooking d. hadbeenwalking e. hadshebeenlearning f. hadbeendriving g. hadbeenhelping h. hadbeencycling 3. a. willhavebeenliving b. willhavebeenworking c. willhavebeenstudying d. willhavebeenwatching e. willhavebeensleeping f. willhavebeenlookingfor

Worksheet-11

1. a. Ihavebeenwaitingsince4o’clock. b. Suehasonlybeenwaitingfor20minutes. c. TiyaandTinahavebeenlearningEnglishforsixyears. d. PriyamandAnuhavebeenlearningFrenchsince1998. e. Ihaven’tbeenonholidaysincelastJuly. f. Maryhasbeensavinghermoneyformanyyears. g. YouhavebeenwatchingTVforhours. h. Wehavebeenlivingherefor2months. 2. a. MybrotherhasbeeninEnglandfortwoweeksalready. b. TanyawenttoNainitaltwoweeksago. c. IsTomisinthegarden.Hehasbeenworkingthereforthreehours. d. Themissingmanhasn’tbeenseenforthreeweeks. e. Lisaisagoodfriend.Ihaveknownherforalongtime.

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f. IknowLisa.Wegotacquaintedayearago. g. I’vebeeninthesamejobfortwentyyears. h. Karancalledmefourdaysago. 3.Free response.

Worksheet-12

1. a. Wecangotoeither Greece orSpainforourholiday. b. BothrugbyandfootballarepopularinFrance. c. Henot onlytellsliesbutalsomisbehaveswitheverybody. d. Insport,whatcountsisnotthewinningbutthetakingpart. e. NeitherNorwaynorSwitzerlandisintheEuropeanUnion. f. Youhavetodothisjobwhetheryoulikeitornot. g. NosoonerhadItakenmyshoesoffthanIfoundoutwehadtoleaveagain. h. I’dprefertogoinAugustrather thaninJuly. i. DhaniisascleverasRahul. j. Hedoesn’thaveasmanystampsinhiscollectionasyouhave. 2. a. and CC b. when SC c. as SC d. Because SC e. but CC f. If SC g. yet CC h. Whenever SC i. or CC j. although SC

Worksheet-13

1. a. Bytheendofthedaywewererathertired. b. ‘Howwasthefilm?’Fairlygood–Iwassurprised.’ c. IspeakGreekfairlywell–enoughformosteverydaypurposes. d. IthinkI’llputtheheatingon.It’srathercold. e. I’mfairlybusy,actually. f. Iratherthinkwearegoingtolose. g. Ginacooksfairlywell.

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h. Doyouseethatrathertallboystandingoverthere? i. Timothyisfairlylarge. j. Veniceisaratherbeautifulcity. 2. a. Thehotandsoursoupwastoospicyformetoeat,Icouldn’tswallowit. b. Isthisboxlightenoughforyoutocarry? c. Iamjusttootiredtoworkanymore. d. I’mveryinterestedineveryone’sopinionsoIappreciateyourview. e. Doyouhaveenoughmoneyforemergencies? f. Thankyouverymuchforyournicewords. g. Howmuchcalciumisenoughtopreventboneloss? h. Don’tworryaboutyourmother,she’llbehomeverysoon. i. Wedon’tgetenoughrestbecausewehavetoomuchhomeworktodo. j. High-definitiontelevisionsaremuchtooexpensivefortheaverageperson. 3. a. Yourepliedcorrectly. adverbofmanner b. Hewasstandingnearthewall. adverbofplace c. Attheadvancedageof88,shestillsangverywell. adverbofmanner d. Hegotupearlyinthemorning. adverboftime e. Barkingdogsseldombite. adverboffrequency f. Sheisstillwaitingforherbrother. adverboftime g. Herdaughterisquiteintelligentforherage. adverbofdegree h. Sometimeshestayslateintheofficetocompletehiswork. adverboffrequency i. Hisfactorywasburneddownafewmonthsago. adverboftime j. Thebrotherswerebadlyinjuredinthefight. adverbofmanner k. Theaccidentvictimnearlydiedfromhisinjuries. adverbofdegree l. Itwastoodarkforustofindourwayoutofthecave. adverbofdegree

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Worksheet-14

1. a. IfIstudy,Iwillpasstheexams. b. IfIcamehomeearlier,Iwouldpreparedinner. c. Ifthesunshines,wewillwalktothetown. d. IfTimandTomwereolder,theywouldplayinourhockeyteam. e. Ifhehasatemperature,hewillseethedoctor. f. Ifhewasmyfriend,Iwouldinvitehimtomybirthdayparty. g. Ifmyfriendscome,Iwillbeveryhappy. h. IfSusanstudiedharder,shewouldbebetteratschool. i. Ifsheearnsalotofmoney,shewillflytoNewYork. j. Ifyoudidapaperround,youwouldearnalitt leextramoney. k. IfwetraveltoLondon,wewillvisitthemuseums. l. Ifyouwearsandalsinthemountains,youwillslipontherocks. m. Ifwehurried,wewouldcatchthebus. n. IfRitaforgetsherhomework,theteacherwillgiveheralowmark. 2.Free response.

Worksheet-15

1. a. Wheredoesyourdadgohunting?(Interrogative) b. Ohno!(Exclamatory) c. DoyoulikeMilkyWaycandybars?(Interrogative) d. Thediningroomwassocrowdedthattherewasonlyanarrowaislebetweenthechairs.

(Declarative) e. Tryyourbestatsoccer.(Imperative) f. Shakethesaladdressingforme.(Imperative) g. Whothrewthebaseballthroughthewindow?(Interrogative) h. Getthewordoutthatwearehavingaparty!(Exclamatory) i. Getdownfromthere.(Imperative) j. Hurrah!(Exclamatory) k. Thekittenbegantonestleagainsthismother.(Declarative) l. Thesalespersonbegantodemonstratethekitchentoolsthatcouldbeusefultous.

(Declarative) m. Whatkindofcompanydoesyourdadown?(Interrogative)

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n. Inevergetpickedtoplaywiththem.(Declarative) o. Thatwasunfair.(Declarative) 2. Free response.

Worksheet-16

1. a. AV b. AV c. PV d. AV e. PV f. PV g. AV h. PV i. AV j. PV 2. a. Englishistaughtbyhim. b. Bananasarebeingeatenbythechild. c. Aletterisbeingwrittenbyher. d. Thehouse-helpwaspunishedbythemaster. e. Abookwasbeingwrittenbyhim. f. Mealsarecookedbysomebodyeveryday. g. Mayyoubeblessedwithhappiness! h. Ahouseisbeingbuiltbythem. i. Thejobhasbeenfinishedbyme. j. Thereportwassentyesterday. k. Adiamondnecklacewasboughtbyher. l. Mypursehadbeenstolenbysomebody 3. a. Maryisreadinganovel. b. Thekidwasthrowingastone c. Hehasboughtacar. d. Someonehadknockedatthedoor. e. Childreneatjaminmycountry.ORChildreninmycountryeatjam. f. Shewillwinthejackpot g. Shewouldteachhimthemothertongue. h. Thecateatsthefish. i. Sheofferedthemabook. j. Shewrotehimaletter.

Worksheet-17

1. a. SamaskedmeifIwasgoingtotheparty. b. Rajivsaidthatheneededsomethingtoeat.

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c. Martinsaidthathedidn’tlikethatparty. d. Shaliniaskedwhereherbagwas. e. Theteachertoldtheboystokeepquiet. f. Mariasaidthatshewantedtoseethedoctor. g. Sophiasaidthatshemustapplyforthatjob. h. Thepolicemanaskedthewomanwhereshewasgoing. i. RahulaskedmewhyIwascrying. j. Samtoldhermotherthatshewouldbeworkinglatethatnight. k. Manuaskedhismotherwherehiskeywas. l. Themotheraskedhersonifhehadfinishedhishomework. 2. a. Shesaidtohermother,‘Iamgoingtothemarket.’ b. Hisfriendssaid,‘WewillgohomenextSunday.’ c. TheteachersaidtoMark,‘Youhavebeenveryregularinyourwork.’ d. Marcsaid,‘Ihavefinishedmywork.’ e. Theteachersaid,‘Theearthmovesaroundthesun.’ f. Hesaid,‘Sheisnotgoinghometoday.’ g. Heasked,‘Haveyoubroughtthepens?’ h. Theboyasked,‘Isthistheplacewevisitedbefore?’ i. Thejudgesaid,‘Tellthetruth.’ j. Theprisonersaid,‘Forgivemeplease.’

18. Comprehension

1. a. TomsaidthesewordstoJim. b. Tomsaidtheabovewordsbecausehedidnotwanttopaintthefence. c. No,JimdoesnothelpTom.HetakestheplaythingfromTomandthenrunsoff. 2. a. BenRogerssaidthesewordstoTom. b. BenisteasingTombecauseBenisfreetoplaywhileTomhastowork. c. TompretendstoenjoythepaintingjobandfoolsBenintobelievingthatheishavinglots

offun.Eventually,BenbecomesinterestedandasksTomtolethimpainthefenceforawhile.

3. TomSawyerwassadbecauseitwasSaturdaymorningandAuntPollyhadaskedhimtothepaintthefence.

4. Tomactedasifheenjoyedthepaintingjobandwheneveranotherboyaskedhimheliedandsaidthatitwasfunandthathewastheonlyonewhocouldpaintsowell.TheboyswouldwanttopaintandwouldgivetheirplaythingstoTomsothathe’dletthempaintthefence.

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5. Tombecamerichbecauseofalltheotherboystryingtogivehimtheirplaythingssothattheymaybeabletopaintthefencealitt le.

6. HadTomhadmorepaintthenhewouldhavebeenabletoowntheplaythingsofalltheboysinthevillage.

7. Thecruxofthestoryisthatamanoraboywilldesiresomethingifitisnoteasytoget.Yes,IagreewithitbecausealltheotherboysgiveuptheirplaythingstodoTom’sworkforhimwhenhemakesitseemlikehe’stheonlyonewhocandothepaintingwork.

8. Free response. 9. Free response.

19. Writi ng

Free response.

simply english grammar - saraswati house material... · 2018-07-03 · 1. abstract and collecti ve...

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