Siobhán CareyAssistant Director General, Social and Demographic StatisticsCentral Statistics Office23rd October 2008

2006 Census included questions on disability The National Disability Survey - a Census follow-up Collaborative effort - Consultative Group 16,000 people interviewed 9 types of disability

• broader than in census• thresholds of severity

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Seeing Hearing Speech Mobility and dexterity Remembering and concentrating Intellectual and learning Emotional, psychological and mental health Pain Breathing

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Level of difficulty in every day activities

Disability type No difficulty Just a littleA moderate

levelA lot of

difficultyCannot do at

all

A. Seeing

B. Hearing

C. Speech

D. Mobility & dexterity

E. Remembering & concentrating

F. Intellectual & learning

G. Emotional, psychological, & mental health

H. Pain

I. Breathing

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Profile of people with a disability Profile of people with each disability type Illustrative population groups

• People aged 75 and over with a disability• Children with a disability• People with disabilities living in nursing homes, hospitals

and children’s homes Prevalence of disability in population as a whole Questions

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52% female and 48% male• Intellectual & learning (61% males)• Speech (54% males)

22% aged 75 and over (but only 5% of population)

11% are children – aged 0-17 (25% of population)

8% are resident in nursing homes, hospitals or children’s homes

92% resident in private household

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Most commonly reported disabilities• Mobility & dexterity – 56% • Pain – 47%• Remembering & concentrating – 35%• Emotional psychological & mental health – 34%

Severity of disability• “Cannot do at all” – 24%• “A lot of difficulty” – 43%• “Moderate” or lower – 33%

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58% female, 42% male 36% of all persons with a Seeing disability are aged 75

and over 40% reported a lot of difficulty and 5% were unable to

see at all Older people more severe difficulty Relatively small numbers of children (5%) 1 in 10 had disability from birth (11%) Cause of seeing disability

• Two-fifths reported “Disease or illness” as main cause of their disability

• Just under one in five reported a hereditary or genetic condition

• The illness most commonly reported by persons with a Seeing disability was cataracts at 14%

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Equal proportions of males & females 38% aged 75 and over 36% reported a lot of difficulty and 3% could not hear at all

• Older age groups had higher levels of difficulty Age of onset

• 11% had their disability from birth • 11% acquired their disability before the age of 18• 40% acquired their disability after the age of 55

1 in 5 reported a disease or illness as the cause of their disability• 15% reported a hereditary or genetic condition • 12% reported work conditions

Most commonly used aids• Hearing aids without T-switch – 23%• Mobile phones for texting – 22% • Hearing aids with T-switch – 18%

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54% male, 46% female Almost half were aged under 35 A third reported a lot of difficulty being understood and a fifth (18%)

reported that their speech could not be understood by others at all Little variation in severity by age group Over 60% had their disability since childhood 36% reported a disease or illness as the main cause of their disability 1 in 5 five reported a hereditary or genetic condition Specific illnesses

• Autistic Spectrum Disorders - 7% • Deafness – 6% • Cerebral Palsy - 6%

Speech and language therapy -most commonly used and needed aid • 28% using• 17% needing and not having

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57% female, 43% male A third aged 75 and over, just 4% aged 0-17 34% “A lot of difficulty” 35% - “Cannot do at all” Older people reported higher levels of difficulty

• half of those aged 75 and over reported “Cannot do at all”

37% cannot “Walk for about 15 minutes” Age of onset

• 13% acquired their disability in childhood or from birth,• 15% since age of 75 or over

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45% reported a disease or illness as the cause of their disability , one in six reported an accident, injury or fall

Arthritis most commonly reported illness – 24% Most commonly used aids

• Walking aids (45%)• Grab bars (35%) • Physiotherapy (31%) • 10% needed a lift or stair lift

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51% female, 49% male 39% “A lot of difficulty” and 13% “Cannot do at all” A quarter were aged 75 and over - higher levels of

difficulty Of those aged 0-17 with a Remembering and

concentrating disability • 87% reported difficulty with “Concentrating for 10 minutes• Two-thirds had difficulty “Remembering to do important

things” Among those aged 75 and over

• 90% had difficulties due to forgetting where they had put things

• 80% had difficulty remembering to do important things15

14% had their disability from birth One-third reported that their disability was caused by

a disease or illness, • about 10% reported a hereditary or genetic condition • 9% stress

Alzheimer’s disease or dementia reported by 9% Medication used by about 25%

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61% male, 39% female • highest proportion of males of all nine disability types

Predominantly young – 38% aged 0-17, 25% aged 18-34

35% “A lot of difficulty”, 12% “Cannot do at all” • 17% - “Just a little difficulty”, 36% “Moderate”,

70% diagnosed with Intellectual disability 77% had difficulty with Learning everyday skills Almost 80% had their disability from childhood

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One-third reported a disease or illness caused their disability,

A quarter reported as caused by a hereditary or genetic condition

Dyslexia or Specific Learning Difficulties reported by 17%

5% cited Autistic Spectrum Disorder as cause Most commonly used aids

• Additional special teaching - 28%• Psychology service - 27%• Occupational therapy - 23%

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53% female, 47% male Two-thirds of people were of working age (18-64) 32% “A lot of difficulty”, 4% “Cannot do at all” 23% “Just a little”, 42% “Moderate”, Age of onset

• 23% began to be affected by their disability between the ages of 18 and 34,

• 11% had been affected from birth • almost 18% between the ages of 0-17

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40% reported a disease or illness as the cause 18% cited stress as the cause Depression was the most frequently reported illness at 28% Anxiety disorders were reported by 11% 90% used at least one aid

• highest proportion reporting use of aids for any of the nine disability types

• Medical services (77%) and medication (69%)• Psychiatrist (32%)• Exercise or relaxation therapies (29%)• Counselling (25%)

Persons reporting higher levels of difficulty also reported greater frequency of occurrence of their disability

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57% female, 43% male 48% “A lot of difficulty” , 3% “Cannot do at

all” 23% were aged 75 and over 22% were aged

55-64, and just 2% were aged 0-17 age Age of onset

• 1 in 12 reported that their disability began before the age of 17

• between 14% and 17% reported that their disability began in the different age groups between 18-64

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Just under half of people reported that their disability was caused by a disease or illness,

1 in 5 reported an accident, injury or fall Arthritis was the most commonly cited illness

at 34% Just over two-thirds used at least one aid

• Pain management -most frequently used aid at 48%

The majority of those reporting the higher levels of severity of difficulty due to pain also reported that their disability was present most or all of the time

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51% female, 49% male almost a quarter aged 75 and over 35% reported “A lot of difficulty” in everyday

activities , 2% “Cannot do at all” Younger people generally had lower levels of

severity One in five people had been affected since

childhood and almost one in ten had their disability from birth

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Around 60% reported that it was caused by a disease or illness

Asthma was the most frequently reported illness at 31% followed by cardiovascular disease at 16%

More than half used at least one aid • Most commonly used - nebulisers 42%

Over 60% of those reporting the higher levels of severity also reported that their Breathing disability affected them most or all of the time

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62% in communal establishments are female (51% in private households)

62% aged 75 and over (19% in private households)

63% reported highest level of severity (21% for private households)

76% reported a Mobility & dexterity disability 61% reported a Remembering & concentrating

disability Higher levels of multiple disability

• average of 3.3 disabilities per person • 2.5 for persons in private households

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36% of people with a disability were aged 65 and over (36%)• 1 in 5 people with a disability were aged 75 and over (22%)

83% of those aged 75 and over with a disability reported a Mobility & dexterity disability• 94% of these had difficulty walking for about 15 minutes• 80% had difficulty going outside of home• 65% had difficulty moving around their home

48% had a Pain disability 39% had a Remembering & concentrating disability

• 90% of these had difficulty due to forgetting where they had put things• 81% had difficulty remembering to do important things

75 & over age group accounted for • 38% of those with a Hearing disability• 36% of those with a Seeing disability • 33% of those with Mobility & dexterity disability

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11% of all persons with a disability were aged 0-17 75% had an Intellectual & learning disability 50% had a Remembering & concentrating disability 28% had an Emotional, psychological & mental health

disability 28% had a Speech disability

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Children accounted for

38% of all those with Intellectual and learning difficulties 29% of all those with Speech difficulties 16% of all those with Remembering and concentrating

difficulties They represented very small proportions within the

other six disabilities• Pain (2%), Mobility & dexterity (4%), Seeing (5%)

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Census of Population - 93 persons per thousand NDS used a broader spectrum (Breathing, Pain) Introduced concept of severity Dedicated disability survey

NDS total population estimate including broader spectrum – indicative level 185 persons per thousand

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13 14 9

4528

18 2738

1827 24 13

83

4631

48

86

40

0

20

40

60

80

100 Census disability sample Total population

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35 38 59 86135

181

377

110 83164

210300

395

660

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0-17 18-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75 & over

Census disability sample

Total population

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Level of difficulty Census Disability sample Total populations

% %

Just a little 2 3

Moderate level 31 44

A lot of difficulty 43 38

Cannot do at all 24 15

Total 100 100

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Focus on people with a disability Able to describe the characteristics of people with

different disabilities Further report on participation, care arrangements,

employment, transport, environmental factors

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