Parts of the Parts of the Skeletal SystemSkeletal System

Prepare by:Prepare by:Sir. LitoSir. Lito

Science Science IVIV

Bones are made up Bones are made up of bone cells and of bone cells and tissuestissues

Hard, dense and Hard, dense and smooth outer smooth outer materials, which are materials, which are made of calcium, made of calcium, give bones there give bones there shape and strength.shape and strength.

What are Bones?What are Bones?

Parts of the BoneParts of the Bone

Bone GrowthBone Growth

Endochondral ossification begins with Endochondral ossification begins with points in the cartilage called "primary ossification points in the cartilage called "primary ossification centers." They mostly appear during fetal centers." They mostly appear during fetal development, though a few short bones begin their development, though a few short bones begin their primary ossification after primary ossification after birthbirth. .

Two main divisions of the Skeletal Two main divisions of the Skeletal SystemSystem

*Axial Skeleton - consists of the 80 bones along the *Axial Skeleton - consists of the 80 bones along the central axis of the human body. It is composed of central axis of the human body. It is composed of six parts; the six parts; the human skullhuman skull, the , the ossiclesossicles of the of the middle ear, the middle ear, the hyoid bonehyoid bone of the throat, the of the throat, the rib cagerib cage, , sternumsternum and the and the vertebral columnvertebral column. The . The axial skeleton and the axial skeleton and the appendicularappendicular skeleton skeleton together form the complete skeleton.together form the complete skeleton.

*Appendicular Skeleton - composed of 126 bones in *Appendicular Skeleton - composed of 126 bones in the human body. The word appendicular is the the human body. The word appendicular is the adjective of the noun appendage, which itself adjective of the noun appendage, which itself means a part that is joined to something larger.means a part that is joined to something larger.

The members of the axial skeleton The members of the axial skeleton groupgroup

SkullSkull Vertebral Vertebral

ColumnColumn Rib CageRib Cage Hyoid BoneHyoid Bone

SkullSkull

Skull is made Skull is made of 29 tightly joined of 29 tightly joined bones. It is also bones. It is also called cranium. It called cranium. It protects the brain, protects the brain, eyes, nose and ears.eyes, nose and ears.

Vertebral ColumnVertebral Column

The vertebral The vertebral column is also column is also called the called the backbone. It is backbone. It is found in the middle found in the middle of the human trunk. of the human trunk. It has small bones It has small bones called vertebrae or called vertebrae or vertebras, which vertebras, which protects the spinal protects the spinal cord.cord.

Rib CageRib Cage

The rib cage are The rib cage are made up of 25 made up of 25 bones. The straight bones. The straight bone in the center is bone in the center is the sternum also the sternum also called as breastbone called as breastbone to which the ribs to which the ribs attached.attached.

Hyoid BoneHyoid Bone

The hyoid bone The hyoid bone (lingual bone) (Latin (lingual bone) (Latin os hyoideum) is a os hyoideum) is a horseshoe-shaped bone horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior situated in the anterior midline of the neck midline of the neck between the chin and between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. the thyroid cartilage. At rest, it lies at the At rest, it lies at the level of the base of the level of the base of the mandible in the front mandible in the front and the third cervical and the third cervical vertebra behind. vertebra behind.

The members of the appendicular The members of the appendicular skeleton groupskeleton group

Pectoral girdlePectoral girdle Pelvic GirdlePelvic Girdle ForelimbForelimb Hind LimbHind Limb

The pectoral girdleThe pectoral girdle

The pectoral The pectoral girdle is made of girdle is made of the clavicle or the clavicle or collarbones and collarbones and two shoulder two shoulder bones or shoulder bones or shoulder blades. blades. Collarbones run Collarbones run from shoulder to from shoulder to shoulder.shoulder.

The pelvic girdleThe pelvic girdle

The pelvic The pelvic girdle is made girdle is made up of two hip up of two hip bonesbones

The forelimbThe forelimb

The The Forelimb is made Forelimb is made of the upper and of the upper and lower arm bones, lower arm bones, the wrist bone, the wrist bone, the palm bones, the palm bones, and the finger and the finger bones.bones.

The Hind LimbThe Hind Limb

The hind The hind limb is made of limb is made of the thigh bone, the thigh bone, the kneecap, the the kneecap, the shank bone, the shank bone, the ankle bone, the ankle bone, the bones of the sole, bones of the sole, and the toe bones.and the toe bones.