Skeletal System: Histology and Functions

Bryan Mae Degorio

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Objectives:Discuss the different functions of the skeletal

system.Identify the bones found in the axial and

appendicular skeleton.Discuss the bone histology. Discuss bone formation and repair.

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SKELETAL system…….

-Consist of bones and associated connective tissues

•Cartilage•Tendon•Ligament

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Functions of Skeletal System:

SupportProtectionMovementStorageHematopoiesis

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The Extracellular Matrix of the Bone:CollagenProteoglycanBone minerals

Structure Collagen Proteoglycan

Bone minerals

Ligament/tendon

Large

Cartilage Large Present

Bone Present Present Calcium + phosphorus (hydroxyapatite)

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Categories of Bone

Long bonesShort bonesFlat bonesIrregular boneSesamoid

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The LONG BONE…..- Usually seen extremities.- It illustrate typical parts of the

bone.• Diaphysis• Epiphyses• Medullary cavity• Articular cartilage• Periosteum• Endosteum

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The FLAT, IRREGULAR and SHORT bones….

- Consist the following parts:• Compact bone• Cancellous bone• Trabeculae

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The Bone and Cartilage TissueHISTOLOGY

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2 major types of Bones:Compact bone

- these are dense bone usually seen on the long bones (diaphysis)

• Cancellous bone- Spongy bones- contains many

spaces usually located at the epiphysis.

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Compact Bone:PeriosteumCircumferential

lamellaeHaversian system

(OSTEON) Lamella Lacuna

Osteocytes/osteoblast

Central canal Canaliculi

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z

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Cancellous bone

Located mainly on the epiphyses.

Contains trabeculae- interconnecting rods that is filled with marrow.

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The CartilageAre connective

tissue that has tough, flexible matrix made of collagen, protein and sugar.

Chondrocyte- cartilage cells located in a cartilage matrix

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The BONE formation and Repair and regulations

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Osteogenesis/Ossification

Is the formation of bone by osteoblast

Intramembranous - The develops from a fibrous connective tissue

Endocondral- The bone develops from hyaline cartilage

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Intramembranous ossification

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Endochondral ossification

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Hormonal regulation of bone…..

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Bone repair- occurs when the bone develops fracture or breaks

Major stages of bone repair:

1. hematoma formation

2. Fibrocartilaginous callus formation

3. Bony callus formation

4. Bone remodelling

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Stages of bone healing…

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Joint and its functions….

Aka: articulationWeakest part of

skeletal systemCan be classified

based on the following:

a. Structural form

b. Functions

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Structural classifications of joints:

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Fibrous joint……..

Cartilagenous joints...

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Synovial joints….The articulating bone

is separated by a fluid containing joint cavity.

5 distinguishing features:

a. Articular cartilageb. Joint cavityc. Articular capsuled. Synovial fluide. Reinforcing ligament

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