SKELETAL SYSTEM Year10 Basketball

Functions Support- organs and tissue of the body.

Would otherwise collapse. Protection- of internal organs. Cranium

(head), ribs (heart and lungs). Movement- attachment for muscles and

levers. Storage- minerals, blood cells and

production.

Structure 206 bones Two main groups:

Axial- Skull, spine, rib cage. Appendicular- limbs joint to pelvis and shoulders.

Skull 8 bones-

cranium 14 bones-

face Many fused

together Mandible-

independent movement. Know this bone

Spine Spine- vertebra Sacrum and

coccyx fused together.

First vertebra- atlas

Second vertebra- axis

Spine cont. Vertebra

stacked on top of each other.

Spinal cord runs run down the canal.

Discs keep spine flexible and absorb shock

Thorax 12 pairs of

ribs Top 10 joined

to sternum by cartilage

Floating ribs- no cartilage attachment at sternum

Appendicular Skeleton Limbs joint to shoulder and pelvis.

Shoulder girdle- clavicle, humerus, scapula. Arm- radius, ulna. Hand- carpal, metacarpal, phalanges Leg- femur, fibula, tibia. Foot- tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.

Types of Bones Long bones. Short bones Flat bones Irregular bones Sesamoid bones

Bone Joints A joints structure determines how it

functions. The closer the bones fit the stronger the

joint. Tightly fitting joints restrict movement. The looser the fit the greater the

movement, although the joint is weaker.

Types of Joints Fibrous (immoveable)

Tough fibres join these bones together E.g. Cranium, sockets of teeth

Cartilaginous (partially moveable) Cartilage joins these bones together Cartilage is not as flexible as ligaments therefore

movement is restricted E.g. Between vertebra, between pubic bones, ribs, sternum

Synovial (freely moveable) Move freely and are the most common Characterised by synovial fluid Six types of synovial joints

Fibrous Joint Cartilaginous Joint

Types of Joints

A Typical Synovial Joint Hyaline cartilage- protects tissue,

reduces friction. Capsule- adds stability, stops unwanted material entering joint.

Synovial Membrane- produce synovial fluid

Synovial fluid- lubricates the surfaces of the joint, forms a liquid

cushion, provides nutrients, absorbs friction.

Ligaments- provide stability. Discs- absorb shock, maintain

stability, protects bone surface Pads of fat- cushioning.

Bursae- closed sacs filled with synovial fluid, reduce friction.

Types of Synovial Joints

Hinge Joint Ball in Socket

Gliding Joint

Pivot JointBack and forth- knee, knuckles, ankle, elbow

Side to side, back and forth, rotational- shoulder, pelvis

Flat surfaces slide- carpals, tarsals, ribs

Rotation only- neck joint atlas/axis

Types of Movements

The body can move in many different ways, each bones ability to move depends on the muscle attached and the type of joint.

Each movement has an opposite movement

Types of Movements Flexion – bending Extension – straightening Adduction – Body part moves toward

midline of body Abduction – Body part moves away

from the midline of the body Rotation – Body part moves around its

axis Lateral – move outwards Medial – Move inwards