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GEO 101

Skills

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Lesson 1: Skills - Latitude and Longitude

Key Questions:1. What is latitude and longitude?2. How do they relate to the hemispheres of the globe?3. How is latitude and longitude measured?4. What is the Prime Meridian?5. Where are the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn?6. Where is the Arctic and Antarctic Circles?

Geographic Question of the Day:What is the capital of Brazil?

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Lines of latitude go from east to west. The most

important line of latitude is the Equator

Lines of longitude go from north to south. The mostimportant line of longitude is the Prime Meridian.

FACT FILE: Latitude and Longitude

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To remember what is what Longitude- like pulling

up longs (trousers)

Latitude- think lat flat.

It is the flat lines aroundthe world

http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Longitude_(PSF).png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Longitude_(PSF).png&usg=__TF1HphvqeviIXqokTg7LuMZzfjw=&h=2532&w=2437&sz=614&hl=en&start=7&um=1&tbnid=o9-rgUcccVc_FM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=144&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlongitude%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26newwindow%3D1%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3DADBR,ADBR:2008-45,ADBR:en%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Latitude_(PSF).png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Latitude_(PSF).png&usg=__32nrn8qD9EEp0yRpOFPCq5Pf8rg=&h=2712&w=2618&sz=537&hl=en&start=11&um=1&tbnid=T_C535EMe2kdSM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=145&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlatitude%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26newwindow%3D1%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3DADBR,ADBR:2008-45,ADBR:en%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/879/45030192.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.dkimages.com/discover/DKIMAGES/Discover/Home/Technology/Fire-Prevention/Firefighters/General/General-04.html&usg=___6FduQg6_IucNBDpawgXE8Lnwnc=&h=179&w=87&sz=5&hl=en&start=16&um=1&tbnid=vihjOInEeZgsXM:&tbnh=101&tbnw=49&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpulling%2Btrousers%2Bup%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26newwindow%3D1%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3DADBR,ADBR:2008-45,ADBR:en%26sa%3DN

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Activity: Reviewing the Hemispheres, Latitude and Longitude

Write down these questions and answer them. We will check the answers as a

class. You will need the atlas.

1. Name two countries that are in the same latitude as Auckland.

2. Name two countries that are in the same longitude as Auckland.

3. What two hemispheres are NZ in?

4. What island is located at 32oN65oW?

5. What is located at 38oS 178oE?

6. If something has a latitude of 41oN and a longitude of 131oW, what twohemispheres is it in?

7. What is the closest country to the point above?8. What hemispheres is Colombia in?

9. What are the coordinates of Brisbane?

10. What are the coordinates of Mumbai in India?

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Activity: Reviewing the Hemispheres, Latitude and Longitude

Answers!

1. Chile, Argentina, Australia

2. Fiji, Tuvalu, Kiribati, Russia

3. Eastern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere

4. Bermuda

5. Raukumara Range

6. Northern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere

7. USA

8. Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, Western Hemisphere9. 27oS 153oE

10. 19oN 73oE

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Activity: World Map

Take a copy of the world map. As neatly as you can, draw in and label the

following things:

1. Equator

2. Tropic of Cancer

3. Tropic of Capricorn

4. Arctic Circle

5. Antarctic Circle

6. Prime Meridian

7. Antimeridian

8. Western Hemisphere

9. Eastern Hemisphere

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Fact File: How do We Cut up a Degree?

1 degree = 60 minutes

37o

38o

?

Hamilton = 37o50S

What about longitude?

Hamilton = 175o25S

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Activity: Group Competition

1. Take a Skills Book. Remove the green booklet from themiddle and pass it to me

2. Get into a group of between 3 and 5

3. Turn to page 40. Complete Exercise 14 as a group. Bring itup to me and I will check it. If you have got all of them right, Iwill direct you to the next Exercise. If you havent got them all

right, I will send you back and you have to fix your answers.

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Lesson 2: Skills Topographic Maps A

Key Questions:1. What is a topographic map?2. What is a contour line?3. What are the benefits and disadvantages of a topographicmap compared to a satellite image?4. What is an Area Reference (AR)?5. What is a Grid Reference (GR)?

Geographic Question of the Day:What is the capital of Brazil?

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Contour lines connect points that are of the sameelevation above sea level.

They show the exact elevation, the shape of theland, and the steepness of the land.

Contour lines never touch or cross.

Fact File: Contour Lines

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What does sea level mean?

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Notice the two high points on the island. What is the elevationof the two high points?

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Activity: Area and Grid References

Use the map on page 33 of the big green book to answer the following:

1. What is the name of the hut in AR0413?

2. What is the Area Reference for the highest point on Mt. Taranaki?

3. What is located at GR979084?

4. What is the Grid Reference for the North Egmont Visitor Centre in the north-east

quadrant of the map?

5. What is the cultural feature found in AR9509?

6. What is the natural feature found at GR988053?

7. What is the most common vegetation type at AR0016?

8. What is your elevation (metres above sea level) if you are on the Puniho Track atGR972134?

9. How much higher above sea level is Holly Hut (GR004150) than the Waiaua Gorge

Hut (GR966085)?

10. What is the cultural feature at GR051099?

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Activity: Area and Grid References

Use the map on page 33 of the big green book to answer the following:

1. Maketawa Hut

2. AR0111

3. Brames Falls

4. GR045144

5. Oaonui Track

6. Cold spring

7. Sphagnum moss

8. 800m

9. 380m

10. A trig station

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Topographic Maps Satellite Images

+

_

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Topographic Maps Satellite Images

+

_

- labelled (easy to identify

things)

- can see relief easily with

contour lines

- has a north arrow so can

work out direction and ascale for distance

-not labelled, so some

things are difficult to

identify-can be disrupted by poor

weather conditions

-no accurate scale

-often cant seedifferences in relief easil

-can show changes and be

updated easily

-can show a large area

-can show areas that are

difficult to get to for map

makers

- take a long time to make

-can be outdated and

show things that arent

there anymore

- difficult to access some

areas to make the map

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Fact File: Objects on a Topo Map

For the following things, locate the object or vegetation, and

name it using the key.(a) p27 AR2678 (vegetation)

(b) p29 GR060841

(c) p29 GR104889

(d) p29 GR085853 (vegetation)(e) p29 GR072905

(f) p31 AR8513

(g) p31 GR770144

(h) p31 GR764131

(i) p33 GR989052

(j) p33 GR031018

(k) p35 GR719745

(l) p41 GR639411 (vegetation)

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Fact File: Objects on a Topo Map

Answers do you know what all of these are?:

(a) indigenous vegetation

(b) stopbank

(c) orchard

(d) exotic forest(e) silo

(f) scree

(g) oxidation ponds

(h) trig station

(i) spring

(j) shelterbelt

(k) embankment

(l) mangroves

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Embankment

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Stopbank

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Scree

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Shelterbelt

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Spring

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Mangroves

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Trig station

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Silo

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Oxidation pond

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Activity: Interpretation Questions

1. Why would it be a bad idea to build a house next toGR742719 ?

2. What commercial activity is happening in AR7378?3. What evidence is there in AR7572 that the land is used forfarming?

4. Explain why Ferry Hill (GR745706) is not a good place to

take a picture of Queenstown from.

Use the map on page 35 (Queenstown):

Lesson 3: Skills Topographic Maps B

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Lesson 3: Skills Topographic Maps B

Key Questions:1. How do you estimate direction on a topographic map?

2. What is a scale?3. How do you convert measurements using a scale?4. How do you measure distance on a topographic map?5. How do you estimate area using a topographic map?

Geographic Question of the Day:Which country is the odd one out: Paraguay, Afghanistan, Italy,Switzerland

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FACT FILE: 16 Point Compass

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Lesson 4: Skills Group Challenge

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Lesson 4: Skills Group Challenge

RELAY RACEYOUR OWN QUESTIONS

GOOGLE EARTH

WALK THROUGH TOPO MAPQUICK QUESTIONS

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WALK THROUGH TOPO MAP

1. You start at the cultural feature at 066868.

Pg 29

2. You travel directly east for 4.5km .

3. What is the cultural feature about 3.3 km NE from there?

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WALK THROUGH TOPO MAP

1. You start at the trig station in the NE quadrant of the map.

Pg 29

2. You follow the road south until you come to the exotic forest.

3. You travel 3.8 km NW from there.

4. How far is it from there to the southern shore of Lake

McGregor?

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WALK THROUGH TOPO MAP

1. You start at the only cultural feature in AR0694.

Pg 29

2. You walk along this until you come to the first building.

3. You swim directly west until you reach the other side ofthe lake.

4. You are picked up by a helicopter and flown directly southfor 7.9 km, where you land.

5. What is the grid reference of the closest beaconed trigstation, and what direction is it in?

Back to Menu

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GOOGLE EARTH

Country 1: India

Back to Menu

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GOOGLE EARTH

Country 2: Bolivia

Back to Menu

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GOOGLE EARTH

Country 3: Nigeria

Back to Menu

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GOOGLE EARTH

Country 4: South Africa

Back to Menu

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GOOGLE EARTH

Country 5: South Korea

Back to Menu

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RELAY RACERound 1

Leg 1: Area Reference

Leg 2: Grid Reference

Leg 3: Direction

Leg 4: Distance

Back to Menu

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RELAY RACERound 2

Leg 1: Distance and GR

Leg 2: Elevation and AR

Leg 3: Area

Leg 4: Interpretation

Back to Menu

Lesson: Skills Relief

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Key Questions:1. How do you recognise different relief features on a

topographic map?2. How do you do a cross-section?

Activity 2: Match the View

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Activity 2: Match the View

1 3

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Closely spaced contour lines represent steep slopes.

Widely spaced contour lines represent gentle slopes.

Fact File: Contour Reading - Slope

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Hills are represented on a topographic map by a

series of concentric contour lines in a rough circle

Fact File: Contour Reading - Hills

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Fact File: Contour Reading - Saddles

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Fact File: Contour Reading - Cliffs

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Depression contours showareas of lower elevation.

Drawn like contour lineswith marks on the inside.

Hachure marks- tick markson inside of closed circle.

Fact File: Contour Reading - Depressions

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Activity: Identifying Relief Features

Step 1: List the following relief features in your booksteep slope

gentle slopeconvex slopeconcave slopehillsaddle

Step 2: Using the big green book, find an example of each and write both the pagenumber of the map and either the AR or GR for that feature next to it in your book.

depression

valleyridgecliffdepression

Step 3: Swap your book with a partner and check each others work. Make sure they

are all correct. Make corrections where needed.

Fact File: Drawing Cross-Sections

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g

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N

Skill P ti

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Skills Practice:

2. Practice the photograph direction question using the followingmaps and questions. Check your answers as you go and makesure you understand what you are doing wrong if youre notgetting the right answers

Photograph Direction:

P26 Q31P32 Q25P54 Q34P56 Q27,32P60 Q19

P72 Q22P84 Q20P86 Q22

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Skill W k h

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1. Interpreting Topographic Maps (2,3,5,9,37)2. Distance, Direction and Area (4,6)

3. Using Photos (16-19)

4. Drawing Precis Maps (1,37)

5. Interpreting Other Maps (11-15)

6. Interpreting Graphs (22-30)

7. Drawing Graphs (22-30)

8. World Geography and Latitude and Longitude ( 10)

9. Cross-Sections and Relief

10.Cartoon Interpretation (21)11.Statistical Skills (31-36)

Skills Worksheets

IMPORTANT INFO FOR THE EXAMS TOMORROW

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IMPORTANT INFO FOR THE EXAMS TOMORROW

1. Theme 4 for Population (Population Issues) is also referred to as Population

Sustainability. If you are asked to explain how a country is acting to support a

population, it is asking about SOLUTIONS to either an aging or youthful population.

2. Theme 3 for Extreme Natural Events (Social and Economic Effects) is also known

as the Effects on the Cultural Environment. Effects on the Land can also be referred to

as Effects on the Natural Environment.

3. Bring a pen, ruler, pencil, protractor, coloured pencils, eraser and calculator to theexam.

4. Prioritise and keep track of the time. Skim through the papers first. I would do the

one you feel most confident with out of ENE and Population first, then do Skills

second, and then the remaining one. Aim for 45 min each for ENE and Population, 60

min for skills, and 30 min extra for difficult questions/checking your answers.

4. Dont panic if the question seems strange. We have covered all the information you

need in classjust use your common sense and answer logically. (e.g. Describe how

two groups have responded to an ENE you have studied).

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6. Can read direction using an 8 point compass

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7. Can read and use contour lines

F t Fil C t R di Sl

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Closely spaced contour lines represent steep slopes.

Widely spaced contour lines represent gentle slopes.

Fact File: Contour Reading - Slope

F t Fil C t R di Hill

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Hills are represented on a topographic map by a

series of concentric contour lines in a rough circle

Fact File: Contour Reading - Hills

F t Fil C t R di S ddl

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Fact File: Contour Reading - Saddles

F t Fil C t R di Cliff

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Fact File: Contour Reading - Cliffs

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Fact File: Contour Reading Depressions

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Depression contours showareas of lower elevation.

Drawn like contour lineswith marks on the inside.

Hachure marks- tick markson inside of closed circle.

Fact File: Contour Reading - Depressions

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11. Can read and interpret dot distribution maps

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12. Can read and interpret choropleth maps

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13. Can read and interpret proportional symbol maps

14 C d d i i li

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14. Can read and interpret isoline maps

15 C d d i fl

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15. Can read and interpret flow maps

21 C id if d d ib h f

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21. Can identify and describe characters etc from a

cartoon

30 C d d i i i / i h

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30. Can read and interpret positive/negative graph

33 36 M di d

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33-36. Mean, median, range, mode

6, 13, 13, 14, 21, 23, 45, 56, 67

Mean = Total/# of Items = 258/9 = 28.67

Median = the middle item in the ordered list = 21

Range = difference between largest and smallest = 61

Mode = most common item = 13

37 D ib G hi C t

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37. Describe Geographic Concepts

Environments

Perspectives

Processes

Patterns

Interaction

ChangeSustainability

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