Slavery and Secession

Social Studies LLD VMr. Pinto

Dred Scott Decision

• Dred Scott – Missouri slave– Lived in free Illinois and Wisconsin– His owner died while living in Missouri– Scott argued he was a free man

• Judge Roger B. Taney– Ruled against Scott– Said Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional• Violated a slave holder’s 5th amendment property rights

Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)Illinois Senate Seat

• Douglas (winner)– Believed in popular

sovereignty– Didn’t care about slavery

• Lincoln (loser)– Free-soiler thought

slavery was immoral– Wanted to end slavery

Douglas wins but Lincoln becomes famous and will be put up as the Republican candidate for the Presidential Election of 1860

Harper’s Ferry, VA.

• John Brown leads 21 men to the federal arsenal

• Wanted to start a slave uprising• Took 60 people hostage• No slaves came forward• Brown captured and hanged

Lincoln elected President

• Abraham Lincoln wins the election of 1860• December 20, 1860 South Carolina secedes from

the Union– Followed by 5 other Southern states

• February 9, 1861 Jefferson Davis elected President of the Confederacy

• Key question: Would the North allow Southern states to leave the Union?

• The German artist, Louis Maurer, drew upon an American sport—baseball—for this pro-Lincoln political cartoon, which Currier & Ives published in September 1860, only two months before the presidential election of 1860. Maurer created a parody of the four main presidential candidates (from left to right): Constitutional Union Party candidate John Bell, Northern Democratic Party candidate Stephen A. Douglas, Southern Democratic Party candidate John C. Breckinridge, and Republican Party candidate Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln, who stands on the home plate, reminds his opponents that they need a “good bat” to hit a home run. Each baseball player’s bat represents the platform they are running on. The artist suggests that Lincoln’s bat of “equal rights and free territory” is more powerful than Breckinridge’s Southern “slavery extension” bat, Douglas’ pro-states’ rights bat of “non intervention” or Bell’s bat “fusion,” which the cartoon of Douglas refers to as a strategy to defeat Lincoln. All of the candidates also wear belts that either reflect a personal or party characteristic. For example, Douglas’ belt reads “Little Giant,” a nickname that became popular during the 1858 Lincoln-Douglas debates for Illinois senator. On the other hand, Lincoln’s “Wide Awake Club” belt eludes to the group of young, Republican men of the same name who marched in Northern cities to gain support for Lincoln. In the end, Breckinridge admits defeat, holding his nose as he moves away from the skunk in the foreground. At the time, “skunk’d” was used as a baseball term to describe a shutout or a large margin of victory. (By Rebecca Solnit)