slide 1 computer technology: your need to know chapter 1

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Computer Technology: Computer Technology: Your Need to KnowYour Need to Know

Chapter 1Chapter 1

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Technology and KnowledgeTechnology and Knowledge

Technical knowledge of computer Technical knowledge of computer hardware and systems software is hardware and systems software is required to develop information required to develop information systemssystems

System?System?

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Do not require detailed Do not require detailed understanding of how they work to understanding of how they work to be able to use them.be able to use them.

The design of computer systems The design of computer systems have become more complex.have become more complex.

Computers have become easier to Computers have become easier to use.use.

Used in business and home.Used in business and home.

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If computers have become so easy to If computers have become so easy to use, then why do you need to know use, then why do you need to know anything about their inner anything about their inner technology?technology?

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Acquiring and Configuring Acquiring and Configuring Technological DevicesTechnological Devices

To purchase a computer, you To purchase a computer, you must:must:• Know your hardware and software Know your hardware and software

preferencespreferences• Know your hardware and software Know your hardware and software

requirementsrequirements• Have sufficient knowledge of the Have sufficient knowledge of the

available alternativesavailable alternatives• Understand related technical termsUnderstand related technical terms

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Acquiring and Configuring Acquiring and Configuring Technological DevicesTechnological Devices

The knowledge required to purchase The knowledge required to purchase and configure technically complex and configure technically complex devices is greater than the devices is greater than the knowledge needed to use themknowledge needed to use them

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The steps followed by information The steps followed by information system personnel to develop an system personnel to develop an information system are called the information system are called the System Development Life Cycle System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)(SDLC)

Information System Information System DevelopmentDevelopment

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Systems Survey stepSystems Survey step - - Examines user information needsExamines user information needs Examines ways in which the user needs are Examines ways in which the user needs are

being addressed (if any)being addressed (if any) Examines the feasibility of developing or Examines the feasibility of developing or

acquiring an information system to address acquiring an information system to address those needs those needs

Technical knowledge needed to assess if Technical knowledge needed to assess if needs currently met and estimate resources needs currently met and estimate resources neededneeded


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Typical questions asked during the Typical questions asked during the Systems SurveySystems Survey step for a point of step for a point of sale system :sale system :How much time is required to process a How much time is required to process a

sale?sale?• Is the existing system easy for a Is the existing system easy for a

salesperson to use?salesperson to use?• Is sufficient information being gathered Is sufficient information being gathered

for marketing purposes?for marketing purposes?


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Typical questions asked during the Typical questions asked during the Systems SurveySystems Survey step for a point of sale step for a point of sale system (cont.):system (cont.):• Can the existing hardware handle peak sales Can the existing hardware handle peak sales

volumes (for example, holidays)?volumes (for example, holidays)?• Can the existing system be expanded easily?Can the existing system be expanded easily?• What are the current hardware operating What are the current hardware operating

costs?costs?• Are there cheaper hardware alternatives?Are there cheaper hardware alternatives?

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The The systems analysis systems analysis step step examines the user needs and the examines the user needs and the extent to which they are being met. extent to which they are being met.

Needs analysis Needs analysis or or requirements requirements analysis.analysis.


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Systems Analysis Step:Systems Analysis Step:• Produces a Produces a requirements document.requirements document.• Reexamines and answers Reexamines and answers systems systems

surveysurvey questions in more detail. questions in more detail.

Typical outcomesTypical outcomes::• Detailed descriptions of user interfaces Detailed descriptions of user interfaces

and data access speedand data access speed• Detailed data-processing and storage Detailed data-processing and storage

requirementsrequirements


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Systems DesignSystems Design – the configuration – the configuration of all hardware and software of all hardware and software components are determined. components are determined.


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Systems DesignSystems Design

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The The systems implementationsystems implementation step is constructed based on the step is constructed based on the “blue prints” created during “blue prints” created during systems designsystems design


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During the During the systems implementation systems implementation stepstep::• Hardware and systems software are acquired, Hardware and systems software are acquired,

installed, configured and testedinstalled, configured and tested• Application programs and files are developed, Application programs and files are developed,

installed and testedinstalled and tested• The entire system is testedThe entire system is tested


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Technical knowledge neededTechnical knowledge needed::• Knowledge of hardware and systems softwareKnowledge of hardware and systems software• Installation and configuration of hardware and Installation and configuration of hardware and

systems softwaresystems software• Knowledge of how to format storage devices, Knowledge of how to format storage devices,

set up security systems, install application set up security systems, install application programs and establish accounting and programs and establish accounting and auditing systemsauditing systems


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During the During the systems evaluation andsystems evaluation and maintenance maintenance step, the system is step, the system is evaluated for errors that escaped evaluated for errors that escaped undetected during installation and testing. undetected during installation and testing.

Minor changes are made as maintenance Minor changes are made as maintenance changes. changes.


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Technical knowledge needed:Technical knowledge needed:• Knowledge is needed to classify the proposed Knowledge is needed to classify the proposed

change as minor or majorchange as minor or major• Knowledge is needed about the hardware and Knowledge is needed about the hardware and

software components that are affected by the software components that are affected by the changechange


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Management of Computer Management of Computer ResourcesResources

Future Trends:Future Trends:• The manager must have a broad The manager must have a broad

understanding of current technology, as understanding of current technology, as well as future technology trends.well as future technology trends.

Compatibility:Compatibility:• The new system must not only operate The new system must not only operate

correctly by itself, but also operates correctly by itself, but also operates smoothly with all of the other systems in smoothly with all of the other systems in the organization.the organization.

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Roles and Job TitlesRoles and Job Titles

Computer Professional Groups:Computer Professional Groups:• Application Development PersonnelApplication Development Personnel• Systems Software PersonnelSystems Software Personnel• Hardware PersonnelHardware Personnel• Systems Management PersonnelSystems Management Personnel• www.salary.comwww.salary.com - job skills for various IT- - job skills for various IT-

related jobs and salary rangesrelated jobs and salary ranges

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Application Development PersonnelApplication Development Personnel• Systems AnalystSystems Analyst• Systems DesignerSystems Designer• Application ProgrammerApplication Programmer

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Roles and Job Titles Roles and Job Titles

Systems Software PersonnelSystems Software Personnel

Systems programmersSystems programmers are responsible are responsible for the development of systems software for the development of systems software such as:such as:• Operating systemsOperating systems• CompilersCompilers• Database management systems Database management systems • Network monitors.Network monitors.

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Hardware PersonnelHardware Personnel

Hardware personnel are responsible for Hardware personnel are responsible for hardware design, installation, and hardware design, installation, and maintenance.maintenance.

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Systems Management PersonnelSystems Management Personnel• Computer operations managerComputer operations manager• Network administratorNetwork administrator• Database administratorDatabase administrator• Chief Information OfficerChief Information Officer

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A A computer operations manager computer operations manager is is responsible for the day-to-day operation of responsible for the day-to-day operation of a large information-processing facility. a large information-processing facility.

A A database administrator database administrator is responsible is responsible to help the organization exploit its data to help the organization exploit its data resources.resources.

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A A network administrator network administrator is is responsible for the network responsible for the network infrastructure and the infrastructure and the management of a local area management of a local area network.network.

A A Chief Information Officer Chief Information Officer (CIO) (CIO) is responsible for the is responsible for the management of the personnel and management of the personnel and computer software and hardware. computer software and hardware.

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Computer Technology Computer Technology Information SourcesInformation Sources

Sources of Computer Information:Sources of Computer Information: Periodical LiteraturePeriodical Literature Vendor and Manufacturer Web SitesVendor and Manufacturer Web Sites Technology-Oriented Web SitesTechnology-Oriented Web Sites Professional SocietiesProfessional Societies

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Periodical Literature:Periodical Literature: ACM Computing SurveysACM Computing Surveys ComputerworldComputerworld Communications of the ACMCommunications of the ACM ComputerComputer

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Vendor and Manufacturer Web Sites:Vendor and Manufacturer Web Sites: Vendor Web Pages are oriented to sales, Vendor Web Pages are oriented to sales,

but they usually contain detailed but they usually contain detailed information on products either directly or information on products either directly or as links to manufacturer Web sites.as links to manufacturer Web sites.

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Professional Societies:Professional Societies: Association for Information Technology Association for Information Technology

Professionals (AITP)Professionals (AITP) Association for Computing Machinery Association for Computing Machinery

(ACM)(ACM) Institute for Electrical and Electronics Institute for Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE) Computer SocietyEngineers (IEEE) Computer Society

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Assign #1Assign #1• Read chapters 1, 2 and 3; pg. 20, review Read chapters 1, 2 and 3; pg. 20, review

questions 1, 2, 3; pg. 20 research problem 1 questions 1, 2, 3; pg. 20 research problem 1 - 1/2 page summary.- 1/2 page summary.

Assign #2Assign #2• pg. 60, review questions 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 13, pg. 60, review questions 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 13,

14, 16, 17; pg. 61, research problem 1 - 1 14, 16, 17; pg. 61, research problem 1 - 1 page summary.page summary.

Assign #3Assign #3• pg. 109, review questions 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11; pg. 109, review questions 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11;

pg. 110 research problem 1 - 1/2 page pg. 110 research problem 1 - 1/2 page summary.summary.