slide collection _mw network planning_new issue
TRANSCRIPT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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1 copy Nokia Siemens Networks INTRODUCTION FTADDEI MAY 2007
Microwave Network Planning Course
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PREFACE
Target Group
Planned for Technicians System Engineers and Network
Planners
Prerequisites
Telecommunication knowledge
ObjectivesThe main objective of this course is to give rules and guidelines
for a correct and effective microwave network planning
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Collector Point
11 SDH Network
MSC
S T M - 4
S TM-2
STM1
STM1
S T M 1
BSC or Hub
RING
STAR
MULTI-DROP
High CAPACITY Network
Full Optical
Mw
Optical +MW ( backup)
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RING
STAR MULTI-DROP
12 PDH Network
BSC
1 6 E 1 ndash 3 2 E 1 1 + 0
BTS or Hub
8E1
1+1
4E1
1+0
4E1
1+0
4 E 1 1
+ 0
Medium CAPACITY Network
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13 2G Mobile Network
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTSBT
S
MS
C
Core
Network
SRALxD -
PDH
SRA 4
BS
C
BTSBTS BTSBT
S
BTS BTS
BS
C
Star Multi-dropRing
PDH Nx2
Mbits
SDH
STM 1MS
C
Medium CAPACITY Network
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14 UMTS Network 3G (1 of 2)
PDH N x 2
Mbits
HubHub
ndash Microwave Eqt
8E
1
16E
1
8E
1
4E1
4E
1
8E1
4E1
16E1
4E1
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14 UMTS Network 3G (2 of 2)
RNCRNC
HubHub
HubHub
HubHub
HubHub
SRA 4 1 or 2 STM1 ndash Microwave Network
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-11 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
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16 PDH and SDH Layer example
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2 11 MW Planning Activities Flow chart
Data Acquisition
Preparation work
Link amp Site data Input
LOS
Refining Work
Specifications
Link Data
END
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211 MW Planning Short service description
NETWORK DESIGN
FIELD ACTIVITIES
Microwave Planning
Preliminary study
Intermediate study
Final study
Preliminary Activity
Intermediate Activity
Final Activity
Frequency plan
Link Description
TSS
LOS
Activities
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213 Networks Design ( 1 of 2)
PRELIMINARY STUDY
bull Final network plan preparation
bull Survey activity coordination
bull The nominal plan must be evaluated eventually modified and finally approved by the customerbull Nominal MW connection plan including equipment capacity and configuration in accordance to the customer requirements
INTERMEDIATE STUDY
FINAL STUDY
bull Performance and outage evaluation for all sub-network
bull Final frequency plan and interference calculation considering all the sub-network
bull Presentation in MapInfo A4 ndash A3 ndash A0 format
bull Insertion in a database of all MW connection data
bull Frequency plan
bull Calculation of power received level
Calculation of antenna azimuth
bull Antennarsquos height and positioning according to the data coming from site survey
bull Adjustment of equipment configuration and capacity according the location definition
bull Updating and modification of the nominal plan according to the path survey results
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213 Network Design ( 2 of 2)
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
FINAL ACTIVITIES
PATH AND SITE SURVEY
bull Control of the LOS foreseen in the nominal plan and other possibilities
bull Technical site survey for each selected locations
bull Candidates evaluation for each site location
bull Approval of the project drawings
For all the locations the project drawings will be reviewed and the possible changes will be added
bull Search of repeaters or leased line request for those locations that do not have any visibility
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the antenna structure and visibilities
bull For green field location (towers of 30-40 meters) crane will be rented
bull At the end of the survey all notes taken in field will be checked translated and put in final form The survey report then will be prepared
and forwarded to the Customer if required
bull The activity of site survey is performed to verify the suitability of the sites to installation of the radio system and includes a preliminary
visibility check It will be followed if required by a path survey during the hop planning to assure the RF path clearance
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the sites
bull Compilation of a form with all data related to the different location candidates and with an indication on the preferred one
bull The locations that are defined or pre-selected during the planning phase of a network will be inspected with respect to their availability
and suitability Every site generally has three possible candidates that are sometimes visited in different moments
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22 Technical Site Survey TSS
bullDescription and Form
bullCandidate evaluation process
bullParticipants amp Scope of work
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221 TSS Description
bull Example of report form
Note For green-field location (towers) a 30 - 40 m cranemust be provided
Search of leased line for alternative radiosolution
Check of foreseen LOS in the nominal plan
A report will be issued and will be forwardedto the Customer if required
A preliminary path survey to assure the RFpath clearance will be carried outof the type pass no-pass
The site survey activity is performed to verifythe suitability of the sites for the installation of the radio system
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222 TSS Candidate evaluation process
Example of ranking between three candidates
At the end of process candidates will be proposed to the Acquisition Department
For each HUB area at least three candidates will be selected and analyzed
Indication of the preferred candidates 1-2-3 ranking 1 stands for not preferred 3 as preferred
The defined planned locations will be inspected verifying their availability and suitability
Every site generally has three possible candidates generally surveyed in different moments
Evaluation of BTSBSC candidates
Site Acquisition Dpt
Civil Work Dpt
RF Planning Dpt
MW Planning Dpt
Departments or delegates Candidate A Candidate B Candidate C
2
12
3
1
21
1
2
1Rejected
2
RANKING 8 5 Rejected
Candidate A has been selected
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23 Equipment forecast Bill of Material (BOM)
bullBoM guidelines
bull BoM by site priority
bull BoM total
bull BoM by site
bull BoM by Infrastructure
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3 - Line of Sight (LoS)
bullScope
bullExample of report
bullExample of Matrix of LoS
bullTeam Eqt
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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2 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP01 INTRODUCTION FTADDEI MAY 2007
PREFACE
Target Group
Planned for Technicians System Engineers and Network
Planners
Prerequisites
Telecommunication knowledge
ObjectivesThe main objective of this course is to give rules and guidelines
for a correct and effective microwave network planning
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Collector Point
11 SDH Network
MSC
S T M - 4
S TM-2
STM1
STM1
S T M 1
BSC or Hub
RING
STAR
MULTI-DROP
High CAPACITY Network
Full Optical
Mw
Optical +MW ( backup)
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RING
STAR MULTI-DROP
12 PDH Network
BSC
1 6 E 1 ndash 3 2 E 1 1 + 0
BTS or Hub
8E1
1+1
4E1
1+0
4E1
1+0
4 E 1 1
+ 0
Medium CAPACITY Network
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13 2G Mobile Network
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTSBT
S
MS
C
Core
Network
SRALxD -
PDH
SRA 4
BS
C
BTSBTS BTSBT
S
BTS BTS
BS
C
Star Multi-dropRing
PDH Nx2
Mbits
SDH
STM 1MS
C
Medium CAPACITY Network
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14 UMTS Network 3G (1 of 2)
PDH N x 2
Mbits
HubHub
ndash Microwave Eqt
8E
1
16E
1
8E
1
4E1
4E
1
8E1
4E1
16E1
4E1
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14 UMTS Network 3G (2 of 2)
RNCRNC
HubHub
HubHub
HubHub
HubHub
SRA 4 1 or 2 STM1 ndash Microwave Network
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-11 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
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16 PDH and SDH Layer example
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2 11 MW Planning Activities Flow chart
Data Acquisition
Preparation work
Link amp Site data Input
LOS
Refining Work
Specifications
Link Data
END
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211 MW Planning Short service description
NETWORK DESIGN
FIELD ACTIVITIES
Microwave Planning
Preliminary study
Intermediate study
Final study
Preliminary Activity
Intermediate Activity
Final Activity
Frequency plan
Link Description
TSS
LOS
Activities
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213 Networks Design ( 1 of 2)
PRELIMINARY STUDY
bull Final network plan preparation
bull Survey activity coordination
bull The nominal plan must be evaluated eventually modified and finally approved by the customerbull Nominal MW connection plan including equipment capacity and configuration in accordance to the customer requirements
INTERMEDIATE STUDY
FINAL STUDY
bull Performance and outage evaluation for all sub-network
bull Final frequency plan and interference calculation considering all the sub-network
bull Presentation in MapInfo A4 ndash A3 ndash A0 format
bull Insertion in a database of all MW connection data
bull Frequency plan
bull Calculation of power received level
Calculation of antenna azimuth
bull Antennarsquos height and positioning according to the data coming from site survey
bull Adjustment of equipment configuration and capacity according the location definition
bull Updating and modification of the nominal plan according to the path survey results
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213 Network Design ( 2 of 2)
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
FINAL ACTIVITIES
PATH AND SITE SURVEY
bull Control of the LOS foreseen in the nominal plan and other possibilities
bull Technical site survey for each selected locations
bull Candidates evaluation for each site location
bull Approval of the project drawings
For all the locations the project drawings will be reviewed and the possible changes will be added
bull Search of repeaters or leased line request for those locations that do not have any visibility
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the antenna structure and visibilities
bull For green field location (towers of 30-40 meters) crane will be rented
bull At the end of the survey all notes taken in field will be checked translated and put in final form The survey report then will be prepared
and forwarded to the Customer if required
bull The activity of site survey is performed to verify the suitability of the sites to installation of the radio system and includes a preliminary
visibility check It will be followed if required by a path survey during the hop planning to assure the RF path clearance
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the sites
bull Compilation of a form with all data related to the different location candidates and with an indication on the preferred one
bull The locations that are defined or pre-selected during the planning phase of a network will be inspected with respect to their availability
and suitability Every site generally has three possible candidates that are sometimes visited in different moments
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22 Technical Site Survey TSS
bullDescription and Form
bullCandidate evaluation process
bullParticipants amp Scope of work
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221 TSS Description
bull Example of report form
Note For green-field location (towers) a 30 - 40 m cranemust be provided
Search of leased line for alternative radiosolution
Check of foreseen LOS in the nominal plan
A report will be issued and will be forwardedto the Customer if required
A preliminary path survey to assure the RFpath clearance will be carried outof the type pass no-pass
The site survey activity is performed to verifythe suitability of the sites for the installation of the radio system
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222 TSS Candidate evaluation process
Example of ranking between three candidates
At the end of process candidates will be proposed to the Acquisition Department
For each HUB area at least three candidates will be selected and analyzed
Indication of the preferred candidates 1-2-3 ranking 1 stands for not preferred 3 as preferred
The defined planned locations will be inspected verifying their availability and suitability
Every site generally has three possible candidates generally surveyed in different moments
Evaluation of BTSBSC candidates
Site Acquisition Dpt
Civil Work Dpt
RF Planning Dpt
MW Planning Dpt
Departments or delegates Candidate A Candidate B Candidate C
2
12
3
1
21
1
2
1Rejected
2
RANKING 8 5 Rejected
Candidate A has been selected
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23 Equipment forecast Bill of Material (BOM)
bullBoM guidelines
bull BoM by site priority
bull BoM total
bull BoM by site
bull BoM by Infrastructure
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3 - Line of Sight (LoS)
bullScope
bullExample of report
bullExample of Matrix of LoS
bullTeam Eqt
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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Collector Point
11 SDH Network
MSC
S T M - 4
S TM-2
STM1
STM1
S T M 1
BSC or Hub
RING
STAR
MULTI-DROP
High CAPACITY Network
Full Optical
Mw
Optical +MW ( backup)
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RING
STAR MULTI-DROP
12 PDH Network
BSC
1 6 E 1 ndash 3 2 E 1 1 + 0
BTS or Hub
8E1
1+1
4E1
1+0
4E1
1+0
4 E 1 1
+ 0
Medium CAPACITY Network
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13 2G Mobile Network
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTSBT
S
MS
C
Core
Network
SRALxD -
PDH
SRA 4
BS
C
BTSBTS BTSBT
S
BTS BTS
BS
C
Star Multi-dropRing
PDH Nx2
Mbits
SDH
STM 1MS
C
Medium CAPACITY Network
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14 UMTS Network 3G (1 of 2)
PDH N x 2
Mbits
HubHub
ndash Microwave Eqt
8E
1
16E
1
8E
1
4E1
4E
1
8E1
4E1
16E1
4E1
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14 UMTS Network 3G (2 of 2)
RNCRNC
HubHub
HubHub
HubHub
HubHub
SRA 4 1 or 2 STM1 ndash Microwave Network
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-11 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
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16 PDH and SDH Layer example
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2 11 MW Planning Activities Flow chart
Data Acquisition
Preparation work
Link amp Site data Input
LOS
Refining Work
Specifications
Link Data
END
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211 MW Planning Short service description
NETWORK DESIGN
FIELD ACTIVITIES
Microwave Planning
Preliminary study
Intermediate study
Final study
Preliminary Activity
Intermediate Activity
Final Activity
Frequency plan
Link Description
TSS
LOS
Activities
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213 Networks Design ( 1 of 2)
PRELIMINARY STUDY
bull Final network plan preparation
bull Survey activity coordination
bull The nominal plan must be evaluated eventually modified and finally approved by the customerbull Nominal MW connection plan including equipment capacity and configuration in accordance to the customer requirements
INTERMEDIATE STUDY
FINAL STUDY
bull Performance and outage evaluation for all sub-network
bull Final frequency plan and interference calculation considering all the sub-network
bull Presentation in MapInfo A4 ndash A3 ndash A0 format
bull Insertion in a database of all MW connection data
bull Frequency plan
bull Calculation of power received level
Calculation of antenna azimuth
bull Antennarsquos height and positioning according to the data coming from site survey
bull Adjustment of equipment configuration and capacity according the location definition
bull Updating and modification of the nominal plan according to the path survey results
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213 Network Design ( 2 of 2)
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
FINAL ACTIVITIES
PATH AND SITE SURVEY
bull Control of the LOS foreseen in the nominal plan and other possibilities
bull Technical site survey for each selected locations
bull Candidates evaluation for each site location
bull Approval of the project drawings
For all the locations the project drawings will be reviewed and the possible changes will be added
bull Search of repeaters or leased line request for those locations that do not have any visibility
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the antenna structure and visibilities
bull For green field location (towers of 30-40 meters) crane will be rented
bull At the end of the survey all notes taken in field will be checked translated and put in final form The survey report then will be prepared
and forwarded to the Customer if required
bull The activity of site survey is performed to verify the suitability of the sites to installation of the radio system and includes a preliminary
visibility check It will be followed if required by a path survey during the hop planning to assure the RF path clearance
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the sites
bull Compilation of a form with all data related to the different location candidates and with an indication on the preferred one
bull The locations that are defined or pre-selected during the planning phase of a network will be inspected with respect to their availability
and suitability Every site generally has three possible candidates that are sometimes visited in different moments
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22 Technical Site Survey TSS
bullDescription and Form
bullCandidate evaluation process
bullParticipants amp Scope of work
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221 TSS Description
bull Example of report form
Note For green-field location (towers) a 30 - 40 m cranemust be provided
Search of leased line for alternative radiosolution
Check of foreseen LOS in the nominal plan
A report will be issued and will be forwardedto the Customer if required
A preliminary path survey to assure the RFpath clearance will be carried outof the type pass no-pass
The site survey activity is performed to verifythe suitability of the sites for the installation of the radio system
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222 TSS Candidate evaluation process
Example of ranking between three candidates
At the end of process candidates will be proposed to the Acquisition Department
For each HUB area at least three candidates will be selected and analyzed
Indication of the preferred candidates 1-2-3 ranking 1 stands for not preferred 3 as preferred
The defined planned locations will be inspected verifying their availability and suitability
Every site generally has three possible candidates generally surveyed in different moments
Evaluation of BTSBSC candidates
Site Acquisition Dpt
Civil Work Dpt
RF Planning Dpt
MW Planning Dpt
Departments or delegates Candidate A Candidate B Candidate C
2
12
3
1
21
1
2
1Rejected
2
RANKING 8 5 Rejected
Candidate A has been selected
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23 Equipment forecast Bill of Material (BOM)
bullBoM guidelines
bull BoM by site priority
bull BoM total
bull BoM by site
bull BoM by Infrastructure
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3 - Line of Sight (LoS)
bullScope
bullExample of report
bullExample of Matrix of LoS
bullTeam Eqt
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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RING
STAR MULTI-DROP
12 PDH Network
BSC
1 6 E 1 ndash 3 2 E 1 1 + 0
BTS or Hub
8E1
1+1
4E1
1+0
4E1
1+0
4 E 1 1
+ 0
Medium CAPACITY Network
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13 2G Mobile Network
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTSBT
S
MS
C
Core
Network
SRALxD -
PDH
SRA 4
BS
C
BTSBTS BTSBT
S
BTS BTS
BS
C
Star Multi-dropRing
PDH Nx2
Mbits
SDH
STM 1MS
C
Medium CAPACITY Network
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14 UMTS Network 3G (1 of 2)
PDH N x 2
Mbits
HubHub
ndash Microwave Eqt
8E
1
16E
1
8E
1
4E1
4E
1
8E1
4E1
16E1
4E1
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14 UMTS Network 3G (2 of 2)
RNCRNC
HubHub
HubHub
HubHub
HubHub
SRA 4 1 or 2 STM1 ndash Microwave Network
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-11 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
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16 PDH and SDH Layer example
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2 11 MW Planning Activities Flow chart
Data Acquisition
Preparation work
Link amp Site data Input
LOS
Refining Work
Specifications
Link Data
END
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211 MW Planning Short service description
NETWORK DESIGN
FIELD ACTIVITIES
Microwave Planning
Preliminary study
Intermediate study
Final study
Preliminary Activity
Intermediate Activity
Final Activity
Frequency plan
Link Description
TSS
LOS
Activities
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213 Networks Design ( 1 of 2)
PRELIMINARY STUDY
bull Final network plan preparation
bull Survey activity coordination
bull The nominal plan must be evaluated eventually modified and finally approved by the customerbull Nominal MW connection plan including equipment capacity and configuration in accordance to the customer requirements
INTERMEDIATE STUDY
FINAL STUDY
bull Performance and outage evaluation for all sub-network
bull Final frequency plan and interference calculation considering all the sub-network
bull Presentation in MapInfo A4 ndash A3 ndash A0 format
bull Insertion in a database of all MW connection data
bull Frequency plan
bull Calculation of power received level
Calculation of antenna azimuth
bull Antennarsquos height and positioning according to the data coming from site survey
bull Adjustment of equipment configuration and capacity according the location definition
bull Updating and modification of the nominal plan according to the path survey results
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213 Network Design ( 2 of 2)
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
FINAL ACTIVITIES
PATH AND SITE SURVEY
bull Control of the LOS foreseen in the nominal plan and other possibilities
bull Technical site survey for each selected locations
bull Candidates evaluation for each site location
bull Approval of the project drawings
For all the locations the project drawings will be reviewed and the possible changes will be added
bull Search of repeaters or leased line request for those locations that do not have any visibility
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the antenna structure and visibilities
bull For green field location (towers of 30-40 meters) crane will be rented
bull At the end of the survey all notes taken in field will be checked translated and put in final form The survey report then will be prepared
and forwarded to the Customer if required
bull The activity of site survey is performed to verify the suitability of the sites to installation of the radio system and includes a preliminary
visibility check It will be followed if required by a path survey during the hop planning to assure the RF path clearance
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the sites
bull Compilation of a form with all data related to the different location candidates and with an indication on the preferred one
bull The locations that are defined or pre-selected during the planning phase of a network will be inspected with respect to their availability
and suitability Every site generally has three possible candidates that are sometimes visited in different moments
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22 Technical Site Survey TSS
bullDescription and Form
bullCandidate evaluation process
bullParticipants amp Scope of work
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221 TSS Description
bull Example of report form
Note For green-field location (towers) a 30 - 40 m cranemust be provided
Search of leased line for alternative radiosolution
Check of foreseen LOS in the nominal plan
A report will be issued and will be forwardedto the Customer if required
A preliminary path survey to assure the RFpath clearance will be carried outof the type pass no-pass
The site survey activity is performed to verifythe suitability of the sites for the installation of the radio system
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222 TSS Candidate evaluation process
Example of ranking between three candidates
At the end of process candidates will be proposed to the Acquisition Department
For each HUB area at least three candidates will be selected and analyzed
Indication of the preferred candidates 1-2-3 ranking 1 stands for not preferred 3 as preferred
The defined planned locations will be inspected verifying their availability and suitability
Every site generally has three possible candidates generally surveyed in different moments
Evaluation of BTSBSC candidates
Site Acquisition Dpt
Civil Work Dpt
RF Planning Dpt
MW Planning Dpt
Departments or delegates Candidate A Candidate B Candidate C
2
12
3
1
21
1
2
1Rejected
2
RANKING 8 5 Rejected
Candidate A has been selected
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23 Equipment forecast Bill of Material (BOM)
bullBoM guidelines
bull BoM by site priority
bull BoM total
bull BoM by site
bull BoM by Infrastructure
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3 - Line of Sight (LoS)
bullScope
bullExample of report
bullExample of Matrix of LoS
bullTeam Eqt
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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13 2G Mobile Network
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTSBT
S
MS
C
Core
Network
SRALxD -
PDH
SRA 4
BS
C
BTSBTS BTSBT
S
BTS BTS
BS
C
Star Multi-dropRing
PDH Nx2
Mbits
SDH
STM 1MS
C
Medium CAPACITY Network
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14 UMTS Network 3G (1 of 2)
PDH N x 2
Mbits
HubHub
ndash Microwave Eqt
8E
1
16E
1
8E
1
4E1
4E
1
8E1
4E1
16E1
4E1
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14 UMTS Network 3G (2 of 2)
RNCRNC
HubHub
HubHub
HubHub
HubHub
SRA 4 1 or 2 STM1 ndash Microwave Network
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-11 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
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16 PDH and SDH Layer example
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2 11 MW Planning Activities Flow chart
Data Acquisition
Preparation work
Link amp Site data Input
LOS
Refining Work
Specifications
Link Data
END
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211 MW Planning Short service description
NETWORK DESIGN
FIELD ACTIVITIES
Microwave Planning
Preliminary study
Intermediate study
Final study
Preliminary Activity
Intermediate Activity
Final Activity
Frequency plan
Link Description
TSS
LOS
Activities
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213 Networks Design ( 1 of 2)
PRELIMINARY STUDY
bull Final network plan preparation
bull Survey activity coordination
bull The nominal plan must be evaluated eventually modified and finally approved by the customerbull Nominal MW connection plan including equipment capacity and configuration in accordance to the customer requirements
INTERMEDIATE STUDY
FINAL STUDY
bull Performance and outage evaluation for all sub-network
bull Final frequency plan and interference calculation considering all the sub-network
bull Presentation in MapInfo A4 ndash A3 ndash A0 format
bull Insertion in a database of all MW connection data
bull Frequency plan
bull Calculation of power received level
Calculation of antenna azimuth
bull Antennarsquos height and positioning according to the data coming from site survey
bull Adjustment of equipment configuration and capacity according the location definition
bull Updating and modification of the nominal plan according to the path survey results
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213 Network Design ( 2 of 2)
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
FINAL ACTIVITIES
PATH AND SITE SURVEY
bull Control of the LOS foreseen in the nominal plan and other possibilities
bull Technical site survey for each selected locations
bull Candidates evaluation for each site location
bull Approval of the project drawings
For all the locations the project drawings will be reviewed and the possible changes will be added
bull Search of repeaters or leased line request for those locations that do not have any visibility
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the antenna structure and visibilities
bull For green field location (towers of 30-40 meters) crane will be rented
bull At the end of the survey all notes taken in field will be checked translated and put in final form The survey report then will be prepared
and forwarded to the Customer if required
bull The activity of site survey is performed to verify the suitability of the sites to installation of the radio system and includes a preliminary
visibility check It will be followed if required by a path survey during the hop planning to assure the RF path clearance
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the sites
bull Compilation of a form with all data related to the different location candidates and with an indication on the preferred one
bull The locations that are defined or pre-selected during the planning phase of a network will be inspected with respect to their availability
and suitability Every site generally has three possible candidates that are sometimes visited in different moments
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22 Technical Site Survey TSS
bullDescription and Form
bullCandidate evaluation process
bullParticipants amp Scope of work
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221 TSS Description
bull Example of report form
Note For green-field location (towers) a 30 - 40 m cranemust be provided
Search of leased line for alternative radiosolution
Check of foreseen LOS in the nominal plan
A report will be issued and will be forwardedto the Customer if required
A preliminary path survey to assure the RFpath clearance will be carried outof the type pass no-pass
The site survey activity is performed to verifythe suitability of the sites for the installation of the radio system
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222 TSS Candidate evaluation process
Example of ranking between three candidates
At the end of process candidates will be proposed to the Acquisition Department
For each HUB area at least three candidates will be selected and analyzed
Indication of the preferred candidates 1-2-3 ranking 1 stands for not preferred 3 as preferred
The defined planned locations will be inspected verifying their availability and suitability
Every site generally has three possible candidates generally surveyed in different moments
Evaluation of BTSBSC candidates
Site Acquisition Dpt
Civil Work Dpt
RF Planning Dpt
MW Planning Dpt
Departments or delegates Candidate A Candidate B Candidate C
2
12
3
1
21
1
2
1Rejected
2
RANKING 8 5 Rejected
Candidate A has been selected
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23 Equipment forecast Bill of Material (BOM)
bullBoM guidelines
bull BoM by site priority
bull BoM total
bull BoM by site
bull BoM by Infrastructure
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3 - Line of Sight (LoS)
bullScope
bullExample of report
bullExample of Matrix of LoS
bullTeam Eqt
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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14 UMTS Network 3G (1 of 2)
PDH N x 2
Mbits
HubHub
ndash Microwave Eqt
8E
1
16E
1
8E
1
4E1
4E
1
8E1
4E1
16E1
4E1
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14 UMTS Network 3G (2 of 2)
RNCRNC
HubHub
HubHub
HubHub
HubHub
SRA 4 1 or 2 STM1 ndash Microwave Network
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-11 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
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16 PDH and SDH Layer example
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2 11 MW Planning Activities Flow chart
Data Acquisition
Preparation work
Link amp Site data Input
LOS
Refining Work
Specifications
Link Data
END
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211 MW Planning Short service description
NETWORK DESIGN
FIELD ACTIVITIES
Microwave Planning
Preliminary study
Intermediate study
Final study
Preliminary Activity
Intermediate Activity
Final Activity
Frequency plan
Link Description
TSS
LOS
Activities
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213 Networks Design ( 1 of 2)
PRELIMINARY STUDY
bull Final network plan preparation
bull Survey activity coordination
bull The nominal plan must be evaluated eventually modified and finally approved by the customerbull Nominal MW connection plan including equipment capacity and configuration in accordance to the customer requirements
INTERMEDIATE STUDY
FINAL STUDY
bull Performance and outage evaluation for all sub-network
bull Final frequency plan and interference calculation considering all the sub-network
bull Presentation in MapInfo A4 ndash A3 ndash A0 format
bull Insertion in a database of all MW connection data
bull Frequency plan
bull Calculation of power received level
Calculation of antenna azimuth
bull Antennarsquos height and positioning according to the data coming from site survey
bull Adjustment of equipment configuration and capacity according the location definition
bull Updating and modification of the nominal plan according to the path survey results
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213 Network Design ( 2 of 2)
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
FINAL ACTIVITIES
PATH AND SITE SURVEY
bull Control of the LOS foreseen in the nominal plan and other possibilities
bull Technical site survey for each selected locations
bull Candidates evaluation for each site location
bull Approval of the project drawings
For all the locations the project drawings will be reviewed and the possible changes will be added
bull Search of repeaters or leased line request for those locations that do not have any visibility
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the antenna structure and visibilities
bull For green field location (towers of 30-40 meters) crane will be rented
bull At the end of the survey all notes taken in field will be checked translated and put in final form The survey report then will be prepared
and forwarded to the Customer if required
bull The activity of site survey is performed to verify the suitability of the sites to installation of the radio system and includes a preliminary
visibility check It will be followed if required by a path survey during the hop planning to assure the RF path clearance
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the sites
bull Compilation of a form with all data related to the different location candidates and with an indication on the preferred one
bull The locations that are defined or pre-selected during the planning phase of a network will be inspected with respect to their availability
and suitability Every site generally has three possible candidates that are sometimes visited in different moments
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22 Technical Site Survey TSS
bullDescription and Form
bullCandidate evaluation process
bullParticipants amp Scope of work
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221 TSS Description
bull Example of report form
Note For green-field location (towers) a 30 - 40 m cranemust be provided
Search of leased line for alternative radiosolution
Check of foreseen LOS in the nominal plan
A report will be issued and will be forwardedto the Customer if required
A preliminary path survey to assure the RFpath clearance will be carried outof the type pass no-pass
The site survey activity is performed to verifythe suitability of the sites for the installation of the radio system
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222 TSS Candidate evaluation process
Example of ranking between three candidates
At the end of process candidates will be proposed to the Acquisition Department
For each HUB area at least three candidates will be selected and analyzed
Indication of the preferred candidates 1-2-3 ranking 1 stands for not preferred 3 as preferred
The defined planned locations will be inspected verifying their availability and suitability
Every site generally has three possible candidates generally surveyed in different moments
Evaluation of BTSBSC candidates
Site Acquisition Dpt
Civil Work Dpt
RF Planning Dpt
MW Planning Dpt
Departments or delegates Candidate A Candidate B Candidate C
2
12
3
1
21
1
2
1Rejected
2
RANKING 8 5 Rejected
Candidate A has been selected
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23 Equipment forecast Bill of Material (BOM)
bullBoM guidelines
bull BoM by site priority
bull BoM total
bull BoM by site
bull BoM by Infrastructure
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3 - Line of Sight (LoS)
bullScope
bullExample of report
bullExample of Matrix of LoS
bullTeam Eqt
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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14 UMTS Network 3G (2 of 2)
RNCRNC
HubHub
HubHub
HubHub
HubHub
SRA 4 1 or 2 STM1 ndash Microwave Network
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-11 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
1 or 21 or 2
STM-1STM-1
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16 PDH and SDH Layer example
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2 11 MW Planning Activities Flow chart
Data Acquisition
Preparation work
Link amp Site data Input
LOS
Refining Work
Specifications
Link Data
END
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211 MW Planning Short service description
NETWORK DESIGN
FIELD ACTIVITIES
Microwave Planning
Preliminary study
Intermediate study
Final study
Preliminary Activity
Intermediate Activity
Final Activity
Frequency plan
Link Description
TSS
LOS
Activities
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213 Networks Design ( 1 of 2)
PRELIMINARY STUDY
bull Final network plan preparation
bull Survey activity coordination
bull The nominal plan must be evaluated eventually modified and finally approved by the customerbull Nominal MW connection plan including equipment capacity and configuration in accordance to the customer requirements
INTERMEDIATE STUDY
FINAL STUDY
bull Performance and outage evaluation for all sub-network
bull Final frequency plan and interference calculation considering all the sub-network
bull Presentation in MapInfo A4 ndash A3 ndash A0 format
bull Insertion in a database of all MW connection data
bull Frequency plan
bull Calculation of power received level
Calculation of antenna azimuth
bull Antennarsquos height and positioning according to the data coming from site survey
bull Adjustment of equipment configuration and capacity according the location definition
bull Updating and modification of the nominal plan according to the path survey results
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213 Network Design ( 2 of 2)
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
FINAL ACTIVITIES
PATH AND SITE SURVEY
bull Control of the LOS foreseen in the nominal plan and other possibilities
bull Technical site survey for each selected locations
bull Candidates evaluation for each site location
bull Approval of the project drawings
For all the locations the project drawings will be reviewed and the possible changes will be added
bull Search of repeaters or leased line request for those locations that do not have any visibility
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the antenna structure and visibilities
bull For green field location (towers of 30-40 meters) crane will be rented
bull At the end of the survey all notes taken in field will be checked translated and put in final form The survey report then will be prepared
and forwarded to the Customer if required
bull The activity of site survey is performed to verify the suitability of the sites to installation of the radio system and includes a preliminary
visibility check It will be followed if required by a path survey during the hop planning to assure the RF path clearance
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the sites
bull Compilation of a form with all data related to the different location candidates and with an indication on the preferred one
bull The locations that are defined or pre-selected during the planning phase of a network will be inspected with respect to their availability
and suitability Every site generally has three possible candidates that are sometimes visited in different moments
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22 Technical Site Survey TSS
bullDescription and Form
bullCandidate evaluation process
bullParticipants amp Scope of work
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221 TSS Description
bull Example of report form
Note For green-field location (towers) a 30 - 40 m cranemust be provided
Search of leased line for alternative radiosolution
Check of foreseen LOS in the nominal plan
A report will be issued and will be forwardedto the Customer if required
A preliminary path survey to assure the RFpath clearance will be carried outof the type pass no-pass
The site survey activity is performed to verifythe suitability of the sites for the installation of the radio system
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222 TSS Candidate evaluation process
Example of ranking between three candidates
At the end of process candidates will be proposed to the Acquisition Department
For each HUB area at least three candidates will be selected and analyzed
Indication of the preferred candidates 1-2-3 ranking 1 stands for not preferred 3 as preferred
The defined planned locations will be inspected verifying their availability and suitability
Every site generally has three possible candidates generally surveyed in different moments
Evaluation of BTSBSC candidates
Site Acquisition Dpt
Civil Work Dpt
RF Planning Dpt
MW Planning Dpt
Departments or delegates Candidate A Candidate B Candidate C
2
12
3
1
21
1
2
1Rejected
2
RANKING 8 5 Rejected
Candidate A has been selected
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23 Equipment forecast Bill of Material (BOM)
bullBoM guidelines
bull BoM by site priority
bull BoM total
bull BoM by site
bull BoM by Infrastructure
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3 - Line of Sight (LoS)
bullScope
bullExample of report
bullExample of Matrix of LoS
bullTeam Eqt
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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16 PDH and SDH Layer example
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2 11 MW Planning Activities Flow chart
Data Acquisition
Preparation work
Link amp Site data Input
LOS
Refining Work
Specifications
Link Data
END
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211 MW Planning Short service description
NETWORK DESIGN
FIELD ACTIVITIES
Microwave Planning
Preliminary study
Intermediate study
Final study
Preliminary Activity
Intermediate Activity
Final Activity
Frequency plan
Link Description
TSS
LOS
Activities
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213 Networks Design ( 1 of 2)
PRELIMINARY STUDY
bull Final network plan preparation
bull Survey activity coordination
bull The nominal plan must be evaluated eventually modified and finally approved by the customerbull Nominal MW connection plan including equipment capacity and configuration in accordance to the customer requirements
INTERMEDIATE STUDY
FINAL STUDY
bull Performance and outage evaluation for all sub-network
bull Final frequency plan and interference calculation considering all the sub-network
bull Presentation in MapInfo A4 ndash A3 ndash A0 format
bull Insertion in a database of all MW connection data
bull Frequency plan
bull Calculation of power received level
Calculation of antenna azimuth
bull Antennarsquos height and positioning according to the data coming from site survey
bull Adjustment of equipment configuration and capacity according the location definition
bull Updating and modification of the nominal plan according to the path survey results
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213 Network Design ( 2 of 2)
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
FINAL ACTIVITIES
PATH AND SITE SURVEY
bull Control of the LOS foreseen in the nominal plan and other possibilities
bull Technical site survey for each selected locations
bull Candidates evaluation for each site location
bull Approval of the project drawings
For all the locations the project drawings will be reviewed and the possible changes will be added
bull Search of repeaters or leased line request for those locations that do not have any visibility
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the antenna structure and visibilities
bull For green field location (towers of 30-40 meters) crane will be rented
bull At the end of the survey all notes taken in field will be checked translated and put in final form The survey report then will be prepared
and forwarded to the Customer if required
bull The activity of site survey is performed to verify the suitability of the sites to installation of the radio system and includes a preliminary
visibility check It will be followed if required by a path survey during the hop planning to assure the RF path clearance
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the sites
bull Compilation of a form with all data related to the different location candidates and with an indication on the preferred one
bull The locations that are defined or pre-selected during the planning phase of a network will be inspected with respect to their availability
and suitability Every site generally has three possible candidates that are sometimes visited in different moments
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22 Technical Site Survey TSS
bullDescription and Form
bullCandidate evaluation process
bullParticipants amp Scope of work
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221 TSS Description
bull Example of report form
Note For green-field location (towers) a 30 - 40 m cranemust be provided
Search of leased line for alternative radiosolution
Check of foreseen LOS in the nominal plan
A report will be issued and will be forwardedto the Customer if required
A preliminary path survey to assure the RFpath clearance will be carried outof the type pass no-pass
The site survey activity is performed to verifythe suitability of the sites for the installation of the radio system
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222 TSS Candidate evaluation process
Example of ranking between three candidates
At the end of process candidates will be proposed to the Acquisition Department
For each HUB area at least three candidates will be selected and analyzed
Indication of the preferred candidates 1-2-3 ranking 1 stands for not preferred 3 as preferred
The defined planned locations will be inspected verifying their availability and suitability
Every site generally has three possible candidates generally surveyed in different moments
Evaluation of BTSBSC candidates
Site Acquisition Dpt
Civil Work Dpt
RF Planning Dpt
MW Planning Dpt
Departments or delegates Candidate A Candidate B Candidate C
2
12
3
1
21
1
2
1Rejected
2
RANKING 8 5 Rejected
Candidate A has been selected
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23 Equipment forecast Bill of Material (BOM)
bullBoM guidelines
bull BoM by site priority
bull BoM total
bull BoM by site
bull BoM by Infrastructure
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3 - Line of Sight (LoS)
bullScope
bullExample of report
bullExample of Matrix of LoS
bullTeam Eqt
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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2 11 MW Planning Activities Flow chart
Data Acquisition
Preparation work
Link amp Site data Input
LOS
Refining Work
Specifications
Link Data
END
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211 MW Planning Short service description
NETWORK DESIGN
FIELD ACTIVITIES
Microwave Planning
Preliminary study
Intermediate study
Final study
Preliminary Activity
Intermediate Activity
Final Activity
Frequency plan
Link Description
TSS
LOS
Activities
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213 Networks Design ( 1 of 2)
PRELIMINARY STUDY
bull Final network plan preparation
bull Survey activity coordination
bull The nominal plan must be evaluated eventually modified and finally approved by the customerbull Nominal MW connection plan including equipment capacity and configuration in accordance to the customer requirements
INTERMEDIATE STUDY
FINAL STUDY
bull Performance and outage evaluation for all sub-network
bull Final frequency plan and interference calculation considering all the sub-network
bull Presentation in MapInfo A4 ndash A3 ndash A0 format
bull Insertion in a database of all MW connection data
bull Frequency plan
bull Calculation of power received level
Calculation of antenna azimuth
bull Antennarsquos height and positioning according to the data coming from site survey
bull Adjustment of equipment configuration and capacity according the location definition
bull Updating and modification of the nominal plan according to the path survey results
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213 Network Design ( 2 of 2)
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
FINAL ACTIVITIES
PATH AND SITE SURVEY
bull Control of the LOS foreseen in the nominal plan and other possibilities
bull Technical site survey for each selected locations
bull Candidates evaluation for each site location
bull Approval of the project drawings
For all the locations the project drawings will be reviewed and the possible changes will be added
bull Search of repeaters or leased line request for those locations that do not have any visibility
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the antenna structure and visibilities
bull For green field location (towers of 30-40 meters) crane will be rented
bull At the end of the survey all notes taken in field will be checked translated and put in final form The survey report then will be prepared
and forwarded to the Customer if required
bull The activity of site survey is performed to verify the suitability of the sites to installation of the radio system and includes a preliminary
visibility check It will be followed if required by a path survey during the hop planning to assure the RF path clearance
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the sites
bull Compilation of a form with all data related to the different location candidates and with an indication on the preferred one
bull The locations that are defined or pre-selected during the planning phase of a network will be inspected with respect to their availability
and suitability Every site generally has three possible candidates that are sometimes visited in different moments
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22 Technical Site Survey TSS
bullDescription and Form
bullCandidate evaluation process
bullParticipants amp Scope of work
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221 TSS Description
bull Example of report form
Note For green-field location (towers) a 30 - 40 m cranemust be provided
Search of leased line for alternative radiosolution
Check of foreseen LOS in the nominal plan
A report will be issued and will be forwardedto the Customer if required
A preliminary path survey to assure the RFpath clearance will be carried outof the type pass no-pass
The site survey activity is performed to verifythe suitability of the sites for the installation of the radio system
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222 TSS Candidate evaluation process
Example of ranking between three candidates
At the end of process candidates will be proposed to the Acquisition Department
For each HUB area at least three candidates will be selected and analyzed
Indication of the preferred candidates 1-2-3 ranking 1 stands for not preferred 3 as preferred
The defined planned locations will be inspected verifying their availability and suitability
Every site generally has three possible candidates generally surveyed in different moments
Evaluation of BTSBSC candidates
Site Acquisition Dpt
Civil Work Dpt
RF Planning Dpt
MW Planning Dpt
Departments or delegates Candidate A Candidate B Candidate C
2
12
3
1
21
1
2
1Rejected
2
RANKING 8 5 Rejected
Candidate A has been selected
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23 Equipment forecast Bill of Material (BOM)
bullBoM guidelines
bull BoM by site priority
bull BoM total
bull BoM by site
bull BoM by Infrastructure
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3 - Line of Sight (LoS)
bullScope
bullExample of report
bullExample of Matrix of LoS
bullTeam Eqt
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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211 MW Planning Short service description
NETWORK DESIGN
FIELD ACTIVITIES
Microwave Planning
Preliminary study
Intermediate study
Final study
Preliminary Activity
Intermediate Activity
Final Activity
Frequency plan
Link Description
TSS
LOS
Activities
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213 Networks Design ( 1 of 2)
PRELIMINARY STUDY
bull Final network plan preparation
bull Survey activity coordination
bull The nominal plan must be evaluated eventually modified and finally approved by the customerbull Nominal MW connection plan including equipment capacity and configuration in accordance to the customer requirements
INTERMEDIATE STUDY
FINAL STUDY
bull Performance and outage evaluation for all sub-network
bull Final frequency plan and interference calculation considering all the sub-network
bull Presentation in MapInfo A4 ndash A3 ndash A0 format
bull Insertion in a database of all MW connection data
bull Frequency plan
bull Calculation of power received level
Calculation of antenna azimuth
bull Antennarsquos height and positioning according to the data coming from site survey
bull Adjustment of equipment configuration and capacity according the location definition
bull Updating and modification of the nominal plan according to the path survey results
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213 Network Design ( 2 of 2)
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
FINAL ACTIVITIES
PATH AND SITE SURVEY
bull Control of the LOS foreseen in the nominal plan and other possibilities
bull Technical site survey for each selected locations
bull Candidates evaluation for each site location
bull Approval of the project drawings
For all the locations the project drawings will be reviewed and the possible changes will be added
bull Search of repeaters or leased line request for those locations that do not have any visibility
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the antenna structure and visibilities
bull For green field location (towers of 30-40 meters) crane will be rented
bull At the end of the survey all notes taken in field will be checked translated and put in final form The survey report then will be prepared
and forwarded to the Customer if required
bull The activity of site survey is performed to verify the suitability of the sites to installation of the radio system and includes a preliminary
visibility check It will be followed if required by a path survey during the hop planning to assure the RF path clearance
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the sites
bull Compilation of a form with all data related to the different location candidates and with an indication on the preferred one
bull The locations that are defined or pre-selected during the planning phase of a network will be inspected with respect to their availability
and suitability Every site generally has three possible candidates that are sometimes visited in different moments
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22 Technical Site Survey TSS
bullDescription and Form
bullCandidate evaluation process
bullParticipants amp Scope of work
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221 TSS Description
bull Example of report form
Note For green-field location (towers) a 30 - 40 m cranemust be provided
Search of leased line for alternative radiosolution
Check of foreseen LOS in the nominal plan
A report will be issued and will be forwardedto the Customer if required
A preliminary path survey to assure the RFpath clearance will be carried outof the type pass no-pass
The site survey activity is performed to verifythe suitability of the sites for the installation of the radio system
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222 TSS Candidate evaluation process
Example of ranking between three candidates
At the end of process candidates will be proposed to the Acquisition Department
For each HUB area at least three candidates will be selected and analyzed
Indication of the preferred candidates 1-2-3 ranking 1 stands for not preferred 3 as preferred
The defined planned locations will be inspected verifying their availability and suitability
Every site generally has three possible candidates generally surveyed in different moments
Evaluation of BTSBSC candidates
Site Acquisition Dpt
Civil Work Dpt
RF Planning Dpt
MW Planning Dpt
Departments or delegates Candidate A Candidate B Candidate C
2
12
3
1
21
1
2
1Rejected
2
RANKING 8 5 Rejected
Candidate A has been selected
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23 Equipment forecast Bill of Material (BOM)
bullBoM guidelines
bull BoM by site priority
bull BoM total
bull BoM by site
bull BoM by Infrastructure
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3 - Line of Sight (LoS)
bullScope
bullExample of report
bullExample of Matrix of LoS
bullTeam Eqt
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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213 Networks Design ( 1 of 2)
PRELIMINARY STUDY
bull Final network plan preparation
bull Survey activity coordination
bull The nominal plan must be evaluated eventually modified and finally approved by the customerbull Nominal MW connection plan including equipment capacity and configuration in accordance to the customer requirements
INTERMEDIATE STUDY
FINAL STUDY
bull Performance and outage evaluation for all sub-network
bull Final frequency plan and interference calculation considering all the sub-network
bull Presentation in MapInfo A4 ndash A3 ndash A0 format
bull Insertion in a database of all MW connection data
bull Frequency plan
bull Calculation of power received level
Calculation of antenna azimuth
bull Antennarsquos height and positioning according to the data coming from site survey
bull Adjustment of equipment configuration and capacity according the location definition
bull Updating and modification of the nominal plan according to the path survey results
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213 Network Design ( 2 of 2)
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
FINAL ACTIVITIES
PATH AND SITE SURVEY
bull Control of the LOS foreseen in the nominal plan and other possibilities
bull Technical site survey for each selected locations
bull Candidates evaluation for each site location
bull Approval of the project drawings
For all the locations the project drawings will be reviewed and the possible changes will be added
bull Search of repeaters or leased line request for those locations that do not have any visibility
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the antenna structure and visibilities
bull For green field location (towers of 30-40 meters) crane will be rented
bull At the end of the survey all notes taken in field will be checked translated and put in final form The survey report then will be prepared
and forwarded to the Customer if required
bull The activity of site survey is performed to verify the suitability of the sites to installation of the radio system and includes a preliminary
visibility check It will be followed if required by a path survey during the hop planning to assure the RF path clearance
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the sites
bull Compilation of a form with all data related to the different location candidates and with an indication on the preferred one
bull The locations that are defined or pre-selected during the planning phase of a network will be inspected with respect to their availability
and suitability Every site generally has three possible candidates that are sometimes visited in different moments
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22 Technical Site Survey TSS
bullDescription and Form
bullCandidate evaluation process
bullParticipants amp Scope of work
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221 TSS Description
bull Example of report form
Note For green-field location (towers) a 30 - 40 m cranemust be provided
Search of leased line for alternative radiosolution
Check of foreseen LOS in the nominal plan
A report will be issued and will be forwardedto the Customer if required
A preliminary path survey to assure the RFpath clearance will be carried outof the type pass no-pass
The site survey activity is performed to verifythe suitability of the sites for the installation of the radio system
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222 TSS Candidate evaluation process
Example of ranking between three candidates
At the end of process candidates will be proposed to the Acquisition Department
For each HUB area at least three candidates will be selected and analyzed
Indication of the preferred candidates 1-2-3 ranking 1 stands for not preferred 3 as preferred
The defined planned locations will be inspected verifying their availability and suitability
Every site generally has three possible candidates generally surveyed in different moments
Evaluation of BTSBSC candidates
Site Acquisition Dpt
Civil Work Dpt
RF Planning Dpt
MW Planning Dpt
Departments or delegates Candidate A Candidate B Candidate C
2
12
3
1
21
1
2
1Rejected
2
RANKING 8 5 Rejected
Candidate A has been selected
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23 Equipment forecast Bill of Material (BOM)
bullBoM guidelines
bull BoM by site priority
bull BoM total
bull BoM by site
bull BoM by Infrastructure
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3 - Line of Sight (LoS)
bullScope
bullExample of report
bullExample of Matrix of LoS
bullTeam Eqt
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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213 Network Design ( 2 of 2)
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES
FINAL ACTIVITIES
PATH AND SITE SURVEY
bull Control of the LOS foreseen in the nominal plan and other possibilities
bull Technical site survey for each selected locations
bull Candidates evaluation for each site location
bull Approval of the project drawings
For all the locations the project drawings will be reviewed and the possible changes will be added
bull Search of repeaters or leased line request for those locations that do not have any visibility
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the antenna structure and visibilities
bull For green field location (towers of 30-40 meters) crane will be rented
bull At the end of the survey all notes taken in field will be checked translated and put in final form The survey report then will be prepared
and forwarded to the Customer if required
bull The activity of site survey is performed to verify the suitability of the sites to installation of the radio system and includes a preliminary
visibility check It will be followed if required by a path survey during the hop planning to assure the RF path clearance
bull Insertion in a database of all the information of the sites
bull Compilation of a form with all data related to the different location candidates and with an indication on the preferred one
bull The locations that are defined or pre-selected during the planning phase of a network will be inspected with respect to their availability
and suitability Every site generally has three possible candidates that are sometimes visited in different moments
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22 Technical Site Survey TSS
bullDescription and Form
bullCandidate evaluation process
bullParticipants amp Scope of work
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221 TSS Description
bull Example of report form
Note For green-field location (towers) a 30 - 40 m cranemust be provided
Search of leased line for alternative radiosolution
Check of foreseen LOS in the nominal plan
A report will be issued and will be forwardedto the Customer if required
A preliminary path survey to assure the RFpath clearance will be carried outof the type pass no-pass
The site survey activity is performed to verifythe suitability of the sites for the installation of the radio system
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222 TSS Candidate evaluation process
Example of ranking between three candidates
At the end of process candidates will be proposed to the Acquisition Department
For each HUB area at least three candidates will be selected and analyzed
Indication of the preferred candidates 1-2-3 ranking 1 stands for not preferred 3 as preferred
The defined planned locations will be inspected verifying their availability and suitability
Every site generally has three possible candidates generally surveyed in different moments
Evaluation of BTSBSC candidates
Site Acquisition Dpt
Civil Work Dpt
RF Planning Dpt
MW Planning Dpt
Departments or delegates Candidate A Candidate B Candidate C
2
12
3
1
21
1
2
1Rejected
2
RANKING 8 5 Rejected
Candidate A has been selected
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23 Equipment forecast Bill of Material (BOM)
bullBoM guidelines
bull BoM by site priority
bull BoM total
bull BoM by site
bull BoM by Infrastructure
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3 - Line of Sight (LoS)
bullScope
bullExample of report
bullExample of Matrix of LoS
bullTeam Eqt
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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22 Technical Site Survey TSS
bullDescription and Form
bullCandidate evaluation process
bullParticipants amp Scope of work
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221 TSS Description
bull Example of report form
Note For green-field location (towers) a 30 - 40 m cranemust be provided
Search of leased line for alternative radiosolution
Check of foreseen LOS in the nominal plan
A report will be issued and will be forwardedto the Customer if required
A preliminary path survey to assure the RFpath clearance will be carried outof the type pass no-pass
The site survey activity is performed to verifythe suitability of the sites for the installation of the radio system
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222 TSS Candidate evaluation process
Example of ranking between three candidates
At the end of process candidates will be proposed to the Acquisition Department
For each HUB area at least three candidates will be selected and analyzed
Indication of the preferred candidates 1-2-3 ranking 1 stands for not preferred 3 as preferred
The defined planned locations will be inspected verifying their availability and suitability
Every site generally has three possible candidates generally surveyed in different moments
Evaluation of BTSBSC candidates
Site Acquisition Dpt
Civil Work Dpt
RF Planning Dpt
MW Planning Dpt
Departments or delegates Candidate A Candidate B Candidate C
2
12
3
1
21
1
2
1Rejected
2
RANKING 8 5 Rejected
Candidate A has been selected
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17 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP01 INTRODUCTION FTADDEI MAY 2007
23 Equipment forecast Bill of Material (BOM)
bullBoM guidelines
bull BoM by site priority
bull BoM total
bull BoM by site
bull BoM by Infrastructure
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3 - Line of Sight (LoS)
bullScope
bullExample of report
bullExample of Matrix of LoS
bullTeam Eqt
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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221 TSS Description
bull Example of report form
Note For green-field location (towers) a 30 - 40 m cranemust be provided
Search of leased line for alternative radiosolution
Check of foreseen LOS in the nominal plan
A report will be issued and will be forwardedto the Customer if required
A preliminary path survey to assure the RFpath clearance will be carried outof the type pass no-pass
The site survey activity is performed to verifythe suitability of the sites for the installation of the radio system
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222 TSS Candidate evaluation process
Example of ranking between three candidates
At the end of process candidates will be proposed to the Acquisition Department
For each HUB area at least three candidates will be selected and analyzed
Indication of the preferred candidates 1-2-3 ranking 1 stands for not preferred 3 as preferred
The defined planned locations will be inspected verifying their availability and suitability
Every site generally has three possible candidates generally surveyed in different moments
Evaluation of BTSBSC candidates
Site Acquisition Dpt
Civil Work Dpt
RF Planning Dpt
MW Planning Dpt
Departments or delegates Candidate A Candidate B Candidate C
2
12
3
1
21
1
2
1Rejected
2
RANKING 8 5 Rejected
Candidate A has been selected
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23 Equipment forecast Bill of Material (BOM)
bullBoM guidelines
bull BoM by site priority
bull BoM total
bull BoM by site
bull BoM by Infrastructure
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3 - Line of Sight (LoS)
bullScope
bullExample of report
bullExample of Matrix of LoS
bullTeam Eqt
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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222 TSS Candidate evaluation process
Example of ranking between three candidates
At the end of process candidates will be proposed to the Acquisition Department
For each HUB area at least three candidates will be selected and analyzed
Indication of the preferred candidates 1-2-3 ranking 1 stands for not preferred 3 as preferred
The defined planned locations will be inspected verifying their availability and suitability
Every site generally has three possible candidates generally surveyed in different moments
Evaluation of BTSBSC candidates
Site Acquisition Dpt
Civil Work Dpt
RF Planning Dpt
MW Planning Dpt
Departments or delegates Candidate A Candidate B Candidate C
2
12
3
1
21
1
2
1Rejected
2
RANKING 8 5 Rejected
Candidate A has been selected
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23 Equipment forecast Bill of Material (BOM)
bullBoM guidelines
bull BoM by site priority
bull BoM total
bull BoM by site
bull BoM by Infrastructure
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3 - Line of Sight (LoS)
bullScope
bullExample of report
bullExample of Matrix of LoS
bullTeam Eqt
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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23 Equipment forecast Bill of Material (BOM)
bullBoM guidelines
bull BoM by site priority
bull BoM total
bull BoM by site
bull BoM by Infrastructure
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3 - Line of Sight (LoS)
bullScope
bullExample of report
bullExample of Matrix of LoS
bullTeam Eqt
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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23 Equipment forecast Bill of Material (BOM)
bullBoM guidelines
bull BoM by site priority
bull BoM total
bull BoM by site
bull BoM by Infrastructure
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3 - Line of Sight (LoS)
bullScope
bullExample of report
bullExample of Matrix of LoS
bullTeam Eqt
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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3 - Line of Sight (LoS)
bullScope
bullExample of report
bullExample of Matrix of LoS
bullTeam Eqt
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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31 LoS Scope
Verify the presence of obstruction in the link with a mirror flash
Verify the structure high
Verify the space on existing infrastructure
Site orientation with compass
Verify the presence of near obstacle
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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Site A Photo of Site A from Site B Profile
Site B Photo of Site B from Site A Polygonal
32 LoS Report example
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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33 LoS Visibility matrix
Positive LOS
Alternative LOS
Negative LOS
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
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-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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34 Team Eqt
1 LOS Form
2 Cluster Network
3 GPS Type Garmin III plus 76S
4 Binocular Type 10x70 (magnify x diameter)
5 Mirror min 70x50cm
6 Mobile phone
7 Compass
8 20m tape
9 Digital Camera
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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4 amp 5 Typologies amp Protections
NP02 - TYPOLOGIES
Network Planning Course
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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41 Mobile Networks Overview and associated issues
bullNetwork TypologiesbullProtection
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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411 PDH Network Typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullAll E1 are protected through two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullMore flexible than ring
(sites can be added later on)bullConfig 1+0
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullVery flexiblebullConfig 1+0 or 1+1
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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412 SDH Network typology
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
RING
bullConfig 1+0bullUp to 2xSTM1bullEvery E1 is protected trough two different hopsbullLongest hops allowed (less performance
required for the single hops)
bullDifficult to implement (all sites must be defined)
STAR
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullMore flexible than ring (sites can be added later
on)
bullExpensive use of Frequency channels
MULTIDROP
bullConfig 1+0 or 1+1 HSBYbullVery flexible
bullCritical situation for first link
CONFIGURATION
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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-
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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324 Addisadvantages
STAR MULTIDROP RING
Af 1
f 2 f 3
HUB
B C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 2
f 1
3xSTM1
3 x S T M1
2xSTM1
2 x
S T M 1
f 1
f 2
HUB
B
A
C
S T M 1
S T M 1
S T M 1
f 21 x S T M1
2xSTM1
1 x
S T M 1
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
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-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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42 Protection
bullFrequency diversitybullSpace diversity
bullPath Protection
bullRain protection
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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420 Link Countermeasures
Link Issues
Rain
Fading
Reflection
Increasing the Rx Power
Frequency Diversity
Space Diversity
Antenna diameter
Double Eqt amp RF Channels
Double Eqt amp Antenna
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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-
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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421 Frequency Diversity
Protection against fastdeep fading
Statistically a deep fading is not coherent among near frequencies
TX
1
RX
1
f 1
TX
2
RX
2
f 2
f1 f2frequency
Amplitude attenuation vs frequency at time t0
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
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-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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422 Space Diversity
Protection against the co presence of direct and reflected rays
The phase among the two rays varies till make null the vector sum
Link effected Sea lake paths flat plane (flood subject) rice fields
TX1
RX1
TX
1
RX
1
TX1
RX1
1st virtual Link
2nd virtual Link
1st virtual link Rx status (to)
2nd virtual link RX status (to)
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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423 Path protection x Ring configuration
A
B C
MSC
S T M - 4
A
B
C
A ring branch FAILURE doesnt affect the Data Transmission
3 STM4
Branch Failure
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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A B
α s
1 Fade Margin increase
2 Routing diversity selection
Test gave the following results on the diversity-gain
bull Increases with the distance with a saturation around 12 km
bull Decreases with the hop length
bull Is independent from the frequency
424 Rain effects - countermeasures
Due to the characteristics of the rain phenomenon
spatial extension and very wideband effects the
classic frequency and space diversity countermeasures
are not applicable
Two possibilities remain
Diversity-gain is defined as
the difference between the attenuation measured
on one hop and the
simultaneous attenuation measured on the opposite hop
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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-
End of Paragraph
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
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5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
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64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
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65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
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67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
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5 - Network dimensioning
bullRing amp Branch configuration
5 1 Ri d B h A li ti
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51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
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-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
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5881 DTM map
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58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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36 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP01 INTRODUCTION FTADDEI MAY 2007
51 Ring and Branch Applications
MTXMTXHUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUBHUB
HUB sites
MW SDH Rings
MW + Fiber Optic SDH Rings
PDH traffic
1deg Define the hub sites
2deg Define the Major ring network
3deg Define the secondary rings
4deg Define PDH links
5 2 N t k S t P d
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37 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP01 INTRODUCTION FTADDEI MAY 2007
52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
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Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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40 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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41 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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42 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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43 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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44 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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45 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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46 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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47 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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49 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
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NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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37 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP01 INTRODUCTION FTADDEI MAY 2007
52 Network Set up Procedure
1 Localize all the sites on the map
2 Localize the major Tx Site or the Switching station
3 Define the SDH Ring Network
4 Define the secondary SDHPDH Ring Network
5 Connect the sites on the ring with Multi-drop Networks
6 Connect the remaining sites with Star Network
Procedure
N t
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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38 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP01 INTRODUCTION FTADDEI MAY 2007
Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
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6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
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40 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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41 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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42 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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43 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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44 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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47 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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54 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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38 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP01 INTRODUCTION FTADDEI MAY 2007
Next
Next Slide Pack
-
NP03 Topics
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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39 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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40 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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41 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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42 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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43 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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44 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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45 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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46 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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47 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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49 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
52-
End of Paragraph
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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547 1 SDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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54 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5670
56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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6184 Profile Rendering
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6270
62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6370
63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 3970
39 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
6 amp 7 Frequency Plan amp Equipment
NP03 - Topics
Network Planning Course
6 F Pl
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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40 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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41 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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42 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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43 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 4470
44 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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45 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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46 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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47 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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48 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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49 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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54 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
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55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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40 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
406 - Frequency Plan
bullChannel raster
bullChannels density
bullChannels priority
bullHigh-Low Technique
40
6 1 R t f A l S t
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41 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
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42 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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43 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
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44 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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47 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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547 1 SDH EQT
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54 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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6184 Profile Rendering
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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41 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4161 Raster for Analog System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-1 1rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X
X
X
X X
X2 Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Z= Edge guard Band X= co-polar channel spacingY= Central guard Band
Recommended for Analog Systems
41
6 2 Raster for Digital S stem
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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42 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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43 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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44 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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45 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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46 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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47 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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49 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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50 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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51 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
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547 1 SDH EQT
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54 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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42 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4262 Raster for Digital System
P o
l a r
i z a
t i
o n
H
V (H)
(V)
2 4 6 8 N 2rsquo 4rsquo 6rsquo 8rsquo Nrsquo
1 3 5 7 N-11rsquo 3rsquo 5rsquo 7rsquo N-1rsquo
F
Z
Z
X X X
Y
Fc
Lower sub band Upper sub band
RF Channel BandRF Channel Band
Recommended for Digital Systems
42
6 3 Raster example
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43 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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44 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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45 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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47 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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49 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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547 1 SDH EQT
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54 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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6184 Profile Rendering
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61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 4370
43 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4363 Raster example
Central Band frequency = 76625 MHz
Frequency shifter = 245 MHz
Recommendation ITU RF 385 6 Annex 4
Single polarization 4Tx +4Rx 4 Channels
43
6 3 1 Raster 38 GHz example
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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44 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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46 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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47 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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49 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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50 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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547 1 SDH EQT
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54 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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6184 Profile Rendering
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618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
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62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
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63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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44 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
44631 Raster 38 GHz example
RASTER 38 GHz2X2 LOW H
81 3733975 38
82 3734325 38
44
6 3 2 Raster 23 GHz example
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45 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
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46 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
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47 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
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48 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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49 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
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50 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
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51 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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547 1 SDH EQT
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54 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
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6184 Profile Rendering
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61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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45 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
45632 Raster 23 GHz example
RASTER 23 GHz
2X2 LOW
35 221235 2
45
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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46 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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47 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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48 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
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49 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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50 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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51 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52-
End of Paragraph
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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547 1 SDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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54 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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6184 Profile Rendering
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61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 4670
46 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
46
Tx-Rx Rx -Tx
frequency
4xE12xE18xE1
633 Channels density
TR TR
16xE1
fA
fArsquo
46
6 4 Frequency Assignment
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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47 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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48 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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49 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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50 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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51 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
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52 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
52-
End of Paragraph
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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547 1 SDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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54 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5670
56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5770
5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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6184 Profile Rendering
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 4770
47 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4764 Frequency Assignment
Single Link
Once the Tx channel will be chosen among the frequencies into the Upper Band or in the Lower Band
the correspondent Rx channel is the opposite frequency
Consecutive Links
f 4
f 4rsquo
f 4
f 4rsquo
f x
Once the TX and RX frequencies for the first link has been assigned how to continue to proceed with the
frequency assignment
A B
AB
C
D
f y
f xrsquo
f yrsquoHow to choose the frequencies fx and fy
The frequencies fxrsquo and fyrsquo are defined as soon the fx and fy frequencies are defined
47
6 4 1 High Low Technique
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 4870
48 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 4970
49 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5070
50 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5170
51 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5270
52 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
52-
End of Paragraph
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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547 1 SDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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54 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5570
55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5670
56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5770
5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5870
58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5970
59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6070
6184 Profile Rendering
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6170
61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6270
62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6370
63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 4870
48 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
48641 High Low Technique
A1 A2
A3
A4
A5A6
A7
A8 A9
A10 A11
A12
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
f1rsquo
f2rsquo
f3rsquo
f5rsquo
f3rsquo
f1rsquo
f4rsquo
f4rsquo
f5rsquo
f4rsquo
f3rsquo
48
6 5 INTERFERENCE
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 4970
49 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5070
50 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5170
51 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5270
52 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
52-
End of Paragraph
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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547 1 SDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
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54 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5570
55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5670
56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5770
5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5870
58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5970
59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6070
6184 Profile Rendering
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6170
61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6270
62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6370
63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 4970
49 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
4965 INTERFERENCE
INTERFERANCE DEFINITION
Any un-desiderate signal received with the same frequency of the main signal interferes with it
and it generates an interference (error bit) during the demodulation process
Fundamental helping actors for interference limitation
ANTENNA
RF FILTER
Link Polarization
Only for adjacent frequencies
Only for opening angles lt 60deg
49
6 5 4 RF Interference 1st case
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5070
50 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5170
51 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5270
52 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
52-
End of Paragraph
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5370
547 1 SDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5470
54 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5570
55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5670
56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5770
5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5870
58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5970
59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6070
6184 Profile Rendering
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6170
61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6270
62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6370
63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5070
50 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
50654 RF Interference 1st case
Main Link
I n t e r f e r i n g Li n k
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφφ
Link 1
Li n k 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
50
516 5 5 RF Interference typical case 51
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5170
51 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5270
52 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
52-
End of Paragraph
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5370
547 1 SDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5470
54 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5570
55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5670
56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5770
5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5870
58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5970
59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6070
6184 Profile Rendering
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6170
61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6270
62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6370
63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5170
51 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
51655 RF Interference typical case
Main Link
Inter f er ing Link
d1
d2
A(d1)
A(d2)
AΔd=A(d1)-A(d2)
Aφ φ
Link 1
Link 2
f 3
f 3
Interference [dB]= AΔd + Aφ + Aβ
I n t e r f e r i n g V i r t u a l h o p
Situation doesnrsquot change if the Link 2 works with cross polarization
Reducing Effects (improving)
1 Hop clearance
2 Different Environmental hop status
3 Automatic Transmitted Power Control
Note Equipment transmit the same Tx Power
β
51
52-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5270
52 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
52-
End of Paragraph
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5370
547 1 SDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5470
54 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5570
55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5670
56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5770
5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5870
58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5970
59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6070
6184 Profile Rendering
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6170
61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6270
62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6370
63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5270
52 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
52-
End of Paragraph
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5370
547 1 SDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5470
54 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5570
55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5670
56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5770
5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5870
58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5970
59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6070
6184 Profile Rendering
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6170
61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6270
62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6370
63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5370
547 1 SDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5470
54 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5570
55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5670
56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5770
5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5870
58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5970
59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6070
6184 Profile Rendering
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6170
61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6270
62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6370
63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5470
54 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5471 SDH EQT
SRA EQT 2xSTM1 in cross polarization
Working Bands 7-11 GHz
Antennas 06-08-12-18m
557 2 PDH EQT
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5570
55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5670
56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5770
5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5870
58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5970
59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6070
6184 Profile Rendering
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6170
61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6270
62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6370
63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5570
55 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP03 TOPICS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5572 PDH EQT
SRA L EQT 2x(1-4ndash8-16)E1 in 1+0 or 1+1 configuration single polarization
Working Bands 15-18-23-38 GHz
Antenna diameter 03-06-08-12-18 m
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5670
56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5770
5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5870
58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5970
59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6070
6184 Profile Rendering
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6170
61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6270
62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6370
63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5670
56 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning FTADDEI MAY 2007
NP04 - PathLoss
Network Planning Course
8 amp 9 DTM amp PATHLOSS
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5770
5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5870
58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5970
59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6070
6184 Profile Rendering
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6170
61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6270
62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6370
63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5770
5881 DTM map
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5870
58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5970
59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6070
6184 Profile Rendering
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6170
61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6270
62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6370
63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5870
58 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5881 DTM map
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5970
59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6070
6184 Profile Rendering
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6170
61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6270
62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6370
63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 5970
59 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
5982 DTM and cartographic
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6070
6184 Profile Rendering
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6170
61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6270
62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6370
63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6070
6184 Profile Rendering
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6170
61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6270
62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6370
63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6170
61 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
618 o e e de g
Grid
Step
A Digital Maps is a data file containing matrix points corresponding to terrain heights
The maps records points with a fixed minimum grid step
Real Profile
Selected Points
Rendered profile
Stored Data (ie) 891 892 879 882 891 877 865 875
Curve with minimum Grid Step Curve with 2 times Grid Step
62-
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6270
62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6370
63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6270
62 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
62
End of Paragraph
Note for instructor To more on MAPS go to PL08 MAPS
639 - Planning tool - Pathloss
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6370
63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6370
63 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
63g
bullDescription
bullCalculation procedure
bullMain feature
bullData insertion
bullTerrain View
bullPath ProfilebullInterface calculation
bullReports
64911 Pathloss 40 Description
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6470
64 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
64p
Pathloss 40 is a module for link propagation analysis
The tool-scope is the radio link performance prediction (quality andunavailability) and the interference degradations calculation
Pathloss has been developed by Contract Telecom Engineering (CTE) in
Windows environment following SIEMENS procedure and knowledge Theformulas are computed according to Rec ITU-R P530-8 and taking intoaccount SIEMENS consolidated experience
CTE commits himself to implementthe future evolution of therecommendations
The equipment database is atSIEMENS care SIEMENS is
responsible to maintain and updatethe equipment database
65912 Pathloss 40 Calculation Procedure
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6570
65 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
65
CHANGES
Flat Fade Margin
Calculation
Interference
Study
Path Clearance
Study
Equipment
Data Base
Geographical
Data
System
Data
Diversity Improvement
( Flat )
Diversity Improvement
( Selective )
Objectives
Reached NO
YES
FINAL RESULT
OBJECTIVES
RAIN
Availability
Multi-path
( Flat )
QUALITY
If
Multi-path
( Selective )
If
66913 Pathloss 40 Main Features
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6670
66 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
66
Calculation of link performance
Interference analysis
Managing of high resolution digital maps in raster formatReflection and multi-path analysis
Antennas height optimization
Importexport of data in text format
Calculation method
Geo-climatic factor (Rec ITU-R P530-8)
BER SES (ITU-T G826)
Non-availability due to rain (ITU-R Rec 530-8)
Non-availability due to rain in the worst month(Rec ITU-R P841)
67914 Pathloss 40 Data Input
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6770
67 copy Nokia Siemens Networks Microwawe Network Planning - NP04 PATHLOSS FTADDEI MAY 2007
67p
Clicking on the
corresponding
network elements
the following
parameters can be set
Reliability options
Geo-climatic factor
Rain attenuation
Antenna
Wave-guide
Branching losses
Equipment
Frequency channels
Diversity
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6870
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 6970
70917 Pathloss 40 Interference Calculation
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows
872019 Slide collection _MW Network Planning_New Issue
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullslide-collection-mw-network-planningnew-issue 7070
70
Three main type of interference mechanisms can be
individuated
Not correlated interferences
Partially correlated interferences
Correlated interferences
Simply ticking on the pop up windows