slope final review meeting - wp7

Project SLOPE

Final Review 1/Feb/2017

WP7 – Piloting the SLOPE demonstrator

Brussels, Feb 1st, 2017

Task 7.1 - Definition of evaluation methodologyTask 7.2 - Preparation of demonstrators

Task 7.3 - Trials and validation cycleTask 7.4 – Training on the job

WP Overview• Status: Completed (100%)• Length: 24 Months (From M13 to M36)• Involved Partners

• Leader: BOKU• Participants: GRAPHITECH,CNR-IVALSA, COMPOLAB, COASTWAY, MHG,

FLYBY, GREIFENBERG, TREEMETRICS, ITENE

• Aim: Execute machine and systems development and demonstrations, Introduction of the new technology to potential stakeholders, Training on the job.


WP Overview• Outputs:

• D.7.03.01 Demo report for data collection I (M32)• D.7.03.02 Demo report for data collection II (M36)• D.7.04 Demo report for quality control (M36)• D.7.05 Demo report for timber supply performance & ERP (M36)


Process


T 7.1 Definition of evaluation methodology

T 7.2 - Preparation of demonstrators

T 7.3 - Trials and validation

T 7.4 – Training on the job


Project SLOPE - WP7 – Task 7.2

T.7.2 – Preparation of demonstrators

Brussels, 01 February 2017

Overview - T 7.2

• Involved Partners Leader: CNR Participants: GRAPHITECH, COAST, COMBOLAB, MHG, BOKU,

GRE, TRE, ITENE Aim: Prepare demonstrators and relative experimental

design• Outputs: Deliverables D7.02

Final Review Meeting 01 FEB 17

Overview – T 7.2

SITE SELECTION• Technical characteristics (slope, trees size and species)• Timing (harvest plan suitable with SLOPE)• Economic sustainability (no or little budget)

SOVER (Italy)

ANNABERG im LAMMERTAL (Austria)


Overview – T 7.2

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN• Segregation of operations• Time study modality• Time motion study• Video analysis

• Quality assessment


Task 7.2


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN• Suitable site selection

Task 7.2


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN• Segregation of operations

Task 7.2


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN• Time study modality• Time motion study

• Quality assessment

Task 7.2


EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN• Time study modality• Video analysis

Task 7.2


Video analysisAction cams on machines and tripod

Task 7.2


SELECTED SITES

Survey site Sover

• Study site is located in the Italian province of Trento, in the territory of the municipality of Sover

• Survey area (10 ha) lies on Montesover (880 m - 1360 m)• SLOPE harvesting area (0.93 ha; 920 m - 1025 m)


Survey site Sover

• SLOPE harvesting area (0.93 ha): UAV survey was performed in summer 2014 TLS survey was performed in summer 2015 north exposed slope range of 70 % - 100 % landing area downhill on area close to public road 85 % spruce; 15 % larches and firs Main strata about 90 years old stock: 297 m3 number of stems: 182 basal area: 34.8 m2 mean dbh: 42.7 cm mean hight (hLorey): 21.2 m


Survey site Sover

• SLOPE harvesting area (0.93 ha): Maturity harvest (selective cutting): Extraction of 91 RFID marked trees (Just Picea abies was marked) Other trees (including other species) had been extracted during the

operations


Survey site Annaberg

• Study site is located in the Austrian province Salzburg, in the village Annaberg im Lammertal

• Survey area (8 ha) lies on Promberg (905 m - 1144 m)• SLOPE harvesting area (0.42 ha; 1031 m - 1128 m)


Survey site Annaberg

• SLOPE harvesting area (0.42 ha; first section): first 200 m x 30 m section is the SLOPE harvesting area UAV+TLS survey was performed in autumn 2015 northwest exposed slope range of 60 % - 100 % small flatter part in the upper sector 30 % - 60 % 90 % spruce; 10 % firs and larches spread over the harvesting

area 80 years old stock: 466 m3 number of stems: 345 basal area: 34.8 m2 mean dbh: 33.7 cm mean hight (hLorey): 30.2 m yield class spruce: 15.4 m3/ha/year


Survey areaSLOPE harvesting area

Additional harvesting area ÖBF agreement

THANKS


QUESTIONS?

Project SLOPE

T.7.3 – Trials and validation cycle


Kühmaier Martin, Pichler Gerhard, Kastner Maximilian, Zitek Andreas Institute of Forest EngineeringUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna

Picchi Gianni, Sandak JakubCNR IVALSA

Umberto di StasoFondazione Graphitech


Overview

• Involved Partners Leader: BOKU Participants: GRAPHITECH, CNR, COMBOLAB, MHG, BOKU,

GRE, TRE, ITENE Aim: Trials and validation of the SLOPE system on survey sites

in Austria and Italy• Outputs: Deliverables D7.031, D7.032, D7.04 and D7.05


Introduction

• The objective of this task was to validate the new SLOPE system in a mountainous forest scenario

• The new system was tested in Sover (Italy) and in Annaberg (Austria)

• The efficiency of the SLOPE system will be measured by methods which were explained in D7.02

• This should lead to the strengths and weaknesses of the new system and support improvement


Performed activities in Sover

RFID marking and tag model testing 10.10.2014



RFID update all tested types changed to SLOPE model 17.04.2016

TLS survey and additional RFID marking 03-07.08.2015

UAV survey 28-31.07.2014



RFID replacement after felling 25.06.2016

Felling of trees, cableway installation 24-25.06.2016



Harvesting operation 04-07.07.2016


Conclusions from Sover


• Positive Aspects:• Forest inventory was successfully completed• First real testing of SLOPE machines and equipment• Machines were able to extract and to process trees• Rope launcher was working well

• Problems:• BananaPro power system broke due to very hot temperatures• Not all sensors were installed on the processor head• RFID sensors on carriage was not working well• Engine overheating• Productivity was very low

• Opportunity:• Room for improvement for the second demo in Annaberg

Performed activities in Annaberg

• Selection of the cable line in SAGIS and generating GPS coordinates (survey area, SLOPE harvesting area)

• Marking corner points and borders of the survey area and harvesting area with colour spray on the basis of GPS data in Annaberg

• Marking cable line adapted on terrain conditions with marking tape• Making a complete enumeration for the SLOPE harvesting area


Marking harvesting trees with white colour spray

UAV survey by COASTWAY 05.10.-09.10.2015

TLS survey by TREEMETRICS 02.11.-06.11.2015


Performed activties in Annaberg

• RFID tree marking and angle count sampling in Annaberg by BOKU 14.06.2016-15.06.2016




Felling of trees 05.-06.10.2016

RFID replacement after felling 05.-06.10.2016



Installation of cable yarder 08-09.10.2016



Harvesting operations 10.-12.10.2016

Conclusions from Annaberg


• Positive Aspects – Lessons learned:• Forest inventory was again successful• System was more productive than in Sover• The whole supply chain including intelligent truck was tested• Sensors were collecting reliable data• Advisory board was satisfied with the demo

• Problems:• Time to receive permission for the UAV flights was very long• Small repair work was necessary for processor head• HI sensor was available but not mounted on the processor head

• Conclusion:• Productivity was higher but has to be improved• The system has the potential to become marketable (T.8.2)

D.7.03.01 and D.7.03.02 Demo reports for data collection

In order to simplify and speed up the process of metadata acquisition by data providers, a survey template, attached was designed and distributed across the involved partners

The survey template was composed by six attributes, specifically Data Source: provides a list of all possible mechanism (hardware components or other data sources)

used to retrieve and provide information. Acoustic Measurements; Cable Crane; Cutting Power; Forest Inventory ; Harvesting Planning;

Hyperspectral Imaging; Intelligent Truck; Near Infrared Spectroscopy; Open Data; Processor Head; RFID Tags: RFID tags applied to each log; Supply Chain; UAV Data; Terrestrial Laser Scanner; Other.

Referring on: provides the list the pilot locations. The “Other” option is available to enable the collection of metadata information retrieved from other test opportunities (e.g. laboratory tests, extra test on the field, etc.). a. Sover: pilot demonstration in Sover, Italy, performed in July 2016;

Piscine; Annaberg; Other Typology: used to specify the type of the data. Format: used to specify the format of the data. Description: brief description of the dataset, if not self-explanatory. Quantitative Parameters: used to report quantitative parameters.



D.7.03.01 and D.7.03.02 Demo reports for data collection

Demo of Quality Control

Log will be graded by machine

Log will be graded by experts (not certified)

Grading of logs with certified expert

Saw mill should provide feedback to have also an independent

grading

Planned generalized grading scheme for Sover, I Tree marked with RFID in field

Tree felled

Tree transported via cable crane

Tree processed and logs cut, sensor data (CP#1 QI, CF#2 QI, SW#1 QI) collected by processor head, logs graded by machine

Retrieval of wood discs (5 cm thickness) for retrieval of NIR#3, NIR#4 s, NIR#5, NIR#7 and HI#1 to HI#7 in post processing

Grading of logs by non-certified expert

Data analysis, comparison and discussion

Implemented grading scheme in Annaberg, AT


Grading of logs by expert scheme: Austrian Practices for Timber Trading (based on CEN/ENV 1927-1:2008)

Tree species Workers

Site Time Date

Sample Nr. Storage time Pict. Nr.

Characteristics log disc (wood disc)

No/Yes

No/Yes

No/minor/existing

No/< 5 cm/> 5 cm

No/Yes

Wood log

No/Yes

No/Yes

Pulp & paper wood/good qual.possible: A B C Pulp & paper wood/bad qual.

Split

Spiral grain

Taper < 1,5 cm/rm / > 1,5 cm/rm

Quality:

Assessment form for the qualitative classification of softwood round timber based on Austrian Practices for Timber Trading

Split

Length

Knotsup to 29 cm mid-diameter 1/rm and from > 30 cm mid-diameter 2/rm

SweepNo/ one-sided 15-20 % of the mid-diameter, two-sided 7-10 % of the mid-diameter

Ring shakes No/Yes but max. < 15 % of the diameter/ > 15 % of diameter

Heart shakes

Insect attac

Stain

Resin pockets

Diameter

KnotsNo/intergrown < 5 cm - dead < 3 cm/intergrown 5-8 cm - dead 3-5 cm

Eccentric pith No/Yes but only max. 10% of the diameter/ > 10 % of the diameter

Visual grading of log disc

Visual grading of log shaft


Grading of logs by expert scheme: Austrian Practices for Timber Trading (based on CEN/ENV 1927-1)


Visual grading of log disc

Visual grading of log shaft

Class A is used for all premium uses. It has to be healthy, with a straight shaft, without eccentric pith, spiral grain or knots. Only an absolute minimum of quality impairment is allowed.

Class B are all logs, that cannot be classified as A but do not show bigger quality impairments than:Knots on log shaft:< 29 cm diameter: max. No. of knots n = 1 / rm> 29 cm diameter: max. No. of knots n = 2 / rmExcentric pith < 10 % of diameter….

Class C are all logs, where the defined values of category B are exceeded, but the use as round wood log is still possible.Excentric pith 10 – 50 % % of diameter…

Class Pulp & paper wood All wood having impairments worse than C, or have a smaller minimum diameter (< 10 cm to 4/7 cm) or rot.

Tree species Workers

Site Time Date

Sample Nr. Storage time Pict. Nr.

Characteristics log disc (wood disc)

No/Yes

No/Yes

No/minor/existing

No/< 5 cm/> 5 cm

No/Yes

Wood log

No/Yes

No/Yes

Pulp & paper wood/good qual.possible: A B C Pulp & paper wood/bad qual.

Split

Spiral grain

Taper < 1,5 cm/rm / > 1,5 cm/rm

Quality:

Assessment form for the qualitative classification of softwood round timber based on Austrian Practices for Timber Trading

Split

Length

Knotsup to 29 cm mid-diameter 1/rm and from > 30 cm mid-diameter 2/rm

SweepNo/ one-sided 15-20 % of the mid-diameter, two-sided 7-10 % of the mid-diameter

Ring shakes No/Yes but max. < 15 % of the diameter/ > 15 % of diameter

Heart shakes

Insect attac

Stain

Resin pockets

Diameter

KnotsNo/intergrown < 5 cm - dead < 3 cm/intergrown 5-8 cm - dead 3-5 cm

Eccentric pith No/Yes but only max. 10% of the diameter/ > 10 % of the diameter

Grading of logs by SLOPE system

SW#1 QI (ToF): stress wave

NIR#3 reaction wood, NIR#4 sapwood, NIR#5 for knot, NIR#7 for normal wood

MicroNIR with external sensor connected to the Software system

Automated collection of sensor data

Stress wave hammer and resulting results in the SW

CP#1 QI (chain saw): cutting force CF#2 QI (delimbing): debranching data

Hyperspectral indices collected in lab from wood discs


Grading of logs by SLOPE system Threshold values for the definition of the quality indicesquality index

name value_min value_max QI treshold product #1: construction

wood

product #2: plywood

product #3: pulp

product #4: fuel quality class A quality class B quality class C quality class D

total minimum score: 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,9 0,5 0,3 0,1CF1QI CF chain saw 1 10 0,3 1,0 0,5 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5CF2QI delimbing 500 10000 0,3 1,0 0,2 1,0 0,8 0,5 0,3

SW1QU Time of flight 500 1500 0,5 1,0 0,0 1,0 0,8 0,7 0,4SW2QI Free vibrationsNIR1QI reaction wood 0,4 1,0 0,4 0,9 0,7 0,5 0,3NIR2QI sapwood 0,5 0,4 0,7 0,4 0,2 0,1NIR3QI barkNIR4QI rotNIR5QI knotNIR6QI resinNIR7QI normal woodHI1QI reaction woodHI2QI sapwoodHI3QI barkHI4QI rotHI5QI knotHI6QI resinHI7QI normal wood


D7.04 Demo report for Quality ControlCombination of the results of both grading systemsClass A is used for all premium uses. It has to be healthy, with a straight shaft, without eccentric pith, spiral grain or knots. Only an absolute minimum of quality impairment is allowed.

Class B are all logs, that cannot be classified as A but that do not show bigger quality impairments than:Knots on log shaft:< 29 cm diameter: max. No. of knots n = 1 / rm> 29 cm diameter: max. No. of knots n = 2 / rmExcentric pith < 10 % of diameter…

Class C are all logs, where the defined values of category B are exceeded, but the use as round wood log is still possibleKnots on log shaft:< 29 cm diameter: max. No. of knots > 1 / rm> 29 cm diameter: max. No. of knots > 2 / rmExcentric pith 10 – 50 % % of diameter…

Class Pulp & paper wood/bad qual.All wood having impairments worse than C, or have a smaller minimum diameter or rot.

quality index

name value_min value_max QI treshold product #1: construction

wood

product #2: plywood

product #3: pulp

product #4: fuel quality class A quality class B quality class C quality class D




D7.04 Comparison of grading results


log RFID

quality class expert

COMMENT on VISUAL GRADING SYSTEM qual

ity class SLOPE

overall QI SLOPE

CP#1 QI (chain saw)

CF#2 QI (delimbing)

SW#1 QI (ToF)

NIR#1 (sapwood)

NIR#2 (reaction wood)

2917 B (C)Should be C, No. of knots underestimated by VG/or

overestimated by delimbingC 0.36 1.00 0.19 0.43 0.20 1.00

2920 C No. of knots decisive C 0.34 0.43 0.65 0.43 0.20 0.502929 C No. of knots decisive C 0.48 0.24 0.41 0.77 1.00 0.00

2954 C Excentric pith & No. of knots decisive C 0.48 0.27 0.23 0.90 1.00 0.50

2955 C No. of knots & split decisive D 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.11 1.00 1.002956 C No. of knots decisive D 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.54 0.20 0.502958 C No. of knots decisive C 0.47 0.44 0.40 0.90 0.60 1.00

2960 CEccentric pith (> 10 %) &

stain/reaction wood (significant) decisive by VG

D 0.15 0.00 0.34 0.21 0.20 0.50


name value_min value_max QI treshold product #4: fuel quality class A quality class B quality class C quality class D

0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,9 0,5 0,3 0,1CF1QI CF chain saw 1 10 0,3 1,0 0,5 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5CF2QI delimbing 500 10000 0,3 1,0 0,2 1,0 0,8 0,5 0,3



quality index




Demo of Quality Control Log information

Tree species P. abies Site Annaberg, AT Date/Time 11.10.2016, 11:33 Workers Zitek/Kastner Sample Nr. 2920 Tree Nr. 82

Visual judgement log disc Image of wood disc Path for NIR measurements Diameter (cm) 21

NIR sap wood diameter: 22-2-4=16 cm

Knots Yes, < 5 cm, dead Eccentric pith Yes, < 10 % Ring shakes No Heart shakes No Insect attack No Stain No Resin pockets No Split No

Visual judgement wood log HI derived image Image based on NIR data Length (cm) 300

Knots yes, > 1/rm Sweep No Split No Spiral grain No Taper < 1,5 cm/rm Position and dimension of knots along the log shaft.

Visual Quality Sensor-based Quality Indices measured A CF1QI CF chain saw 0,43 B CF2QI Delimbing 0,65 C SW1QU Time of flight 0,43

Pulp & paper wood/good qual. NIR1QI Reaction wood 0,20 Pulp & paper wood/bad qual. NIR2QI Sapwood 0,50

Verbal interpretation of results SLOPE Quality Index

The quality of log# 2920 assessed by expert (C) and automatic

system (C) are comparable. The delimbing scheme only shows

very small knots. The log can be used in demanding downstream

conversion, including construction sector

overall QI SLOPE 0.34 construction wood Y (0.36) plywood N (0.27) fuel N (0.00) pulp Y (0.43) quality class: A N (0.37) quality class: B N (0.38) quality class: C Y (0.38) quality class: D Y (0.39)

Sample RFID 2920






quality index




Sample RFID 2955




NIR sap wood diameter:

26-3-2=21 cm

Knots No Eccentric pith No Ring shakes No Heart shakes No Insect attack No Stain No Resin pockets No Split Yes


Knots yes, > 1/rm Sweep No Split Yes Spiral grain No Taper < 1,5 cm/rm Position and dimension of knots along the log shaft.



Verbal interpretation of results SLOPE Quality Index The quality of log# 2955 assessed

by expert (C) and automatic system (<D) is very low. The log cannot be used in demanding

downstream conversion, including construction sector.

The split of the wood disc and of the wood log was hard to detect

by the visual NIR system. However, the stress wave values

gives an indication of the impaired quality by the crack,

both systems yielded a low quality, with the automated

system being more restrictive.

overall QI SLOPE 0.22 construction wood N (0.12) plywood Y (0.39) fuel N (0.00) pulp Y (0.00) quality class: A N (0.12) quality class: B N (0.09) quality class: C N (0.07) quality class: D N (0.03)






quality index







Hyperspectral image (not available)

NIR sap wood diameter:

18-4-4 = 10 cm

Knots No Eccentric pith Yes, > 10 % Ring shakes No Heart shakes No Insect attack No Stain Yes, react. w., sign. Resin pockets No Split No


Knots no, < 1/rm Sweep No Split No Spiral grain No Taper < 1,5 cm/rm Position and dimension of knots along the log shaft.



Verbal interpretation of results SLOPE Quality Index The quality of log# 2960 assessed

by expert (C) and automatic system (D) are comparable.

The low density of knots visually observed could clearly be also seen on the delimbing scheme. The significant reaction wood

impairment determined by visual assessment could also be seen by

the MicroNIR sensor. MicroNIR measurements additionally

detected a knot which was not identified by visual interpretation.

overall QI SLOPE 0.15 construction wood N (0.14) plywood N (0.12) fuel N (0.00) pulp Y (0.00) quality class: A N (0.15) quality class: B N (0.15) quality class: C N (0.14) quality class: D Y (0.12)

Sample RFID 2960

D7.04 Conclusions• SLOPE system & visual system generally in good agreement

• While in visual system often single parameters determine quality, the SLOPE system is able to provide multiple decisive indices

• SLOPE system quality quantification is well-defined & objective– avoids subjective bias• SLOPE system provides additional/complementary information

• Cutting force• Stress wave/time of flight• Delimbing• NIR & HSI image

• Higher number of processed logs will lead to better correlations between sensor data and material properties

• SLOPE system can be enriched/enhanced by more categories of resource uses, once the relations are established

• Good calibration & definition of threshold values decisive for quality rating• SLOPE system is able to improve the resource use along the production chain by

improved description of material properties

Additional characteristics on mechanical properties

Complementary/additional to visual judgement of stain/rot/knots/sapwood-heartwood diameter (heartwood more valuable)

Complementary to visual judgement of knots (position/ amount/ diameter)


Contact info

Martin Kühmaier: [email protected] Picchi: [email protected]

Umberto di Staso: [email protected] Pichler: [email protected]

Thank you for your attention!!



Project SLOPE - WP7 – Task 7.4

T.7.4 – Training on the job


Task 7.4

• Involved Partners Leader: CNR Participants: GRAPHITECH, COAST, COMBOLAB, MHG, BOKU,

GRE, TRE, ITENE Aim: Transfer of knowledge, skills and competencies to

stakeholders and field workers• Outputs: Deliverables D7.06 and D 7.07


Task 7.4

Transference of skills to operators, experts and researchersOFF and ON the job training


Task 7.4

Two way training

Expert professionals

SLOPE partners


Task 7.4

• Instructions and guidelines in Deliverables: D 2.01, D 2.02, D 2.03 Data collection and analysis. D 6.03 Field application and viewer D 3.01 e-marking


Task 7.4

• Main focus on prototypes: Cable yarder Rope launcher Chockers Processor head


Task 7.4


Open Discussion

Final Review Meeting 1 Feb 17

Task 7.4


THANKS

slope final review meeting - wp7

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