smart materials
DESCRIPTION
Introduction to Smart Materials, Classification of Smart Materials, Different types of Smart Materials and their applications.TRANSCRIPT
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SMART MATERIALS
Biswajit AcharyaM.Tech ,1st YearRoll: 0892010AEIE Heritage Institute of Technology
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OUTLINE….
Classification & Comparison Between Materials; Smart Materials- Introduction; Classification of Smart Materials; Different Types of Smart Materials; Their Applications; Conclusion; References….
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TYPES OF MATERIALS
MATERIALS
Wood Metals Polymers Ceramics Composites
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COMPARISON BETWEEN MATERIALS
Material Conduc-tivity
Stren-gth
Hard-ness
Tough-ness
Weight Corrosi-on
Resista-nce
Cost
Pine Very poor
Medium/ low Low Low Low/
medium Poor Low
MDF Very poor Low Low Low Low/
medium Poor Low
Low-Carbon Steel
Very good
Very good Good Very
good High Poor Low
Stainless Steel
Very good
Ex- cellent
Very good
Very good High Good High
HIPS Very poor Medium Low Good Low Very
good Low
Acrylic Very poor Medium Low/
medium Good Low Good Medium
SMA Very good
Very good Good Very
good Medium Good High
SMART MATERIALSCourtesy:BBC-GCSE Bitesize
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SMART MATERIALS….!!!!
Smart materials are the materials that can significantly alter one or more of their inherent properties owing to the application of an external stimuli in a controlled fashion.
The several external stimulus to which the SMART Materials are sensitive are :
Stress;
Temperature;
Moisture;
pH;
Electric Fields;
Magnetic Fields……
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SMART MATERIALS….!!!!
S M A R T
RESULT-ORIENTED
SIGNIFICANT
MEASURABLE
APPROPRIATE
TIME-ORIENTED
SMART MATERIALS
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CLASSIFICATION OF SMART MATERIALS
Type of SMART Material
Input Output
Piezoelectric Deformation Potential Difference
Electrostrictive Potential Difference Deformation
Magnetostrictive Magnetic Field Deformation
Thermoelectric Temperature Potential Difference
Shape Memory Alloys
Temperature Deformation
Photochromic Radiation Color Change
Thermochromics Temperature Color Change
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PIEZO-ELECTRIC MATERIALS…
Materials Used: Quartz, Rochelle Salt, Topaz, Bismuth Ferrite.
The Direct Effect The Reverse Effect
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ELECTROSTRICTIVE MATERIALS
If a dielectric material is subjected to an electric field, then it experiences a strain which is proportional to the strength of the electric field.
Eg: Lead Lanthanum
Zirconate Titanate
(PLZT).
Lead Magnesium
Niobate (PMN).
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MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS
Application of a magnetic field to a ferromagnetic material causes it to change its shape. This change in shape is proportional to the strength of the field applied.
Eg: Cobalt, Terfenol-D.
SMART MATERIALS
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THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS
These materials, when subjected to any temperature difference, produces proportional voltage output. The reverse effect is also true.
Thermoelectric effect generally comprise of:
Seebeck Effect;
Peltier Effect;
Thomson Effect.
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SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
Shape Memory Alloys are metal alloys which can undergo solid-to-solid phase transformation and can recover completely when heated to a specific temperature.
These materials has two phases:
Austenite- high temperature phase;
Martensite- low temperature phase.
AusteniteTwinned
Martensite
DetwinnedMartensiteSMART MATERIALS
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MARTENSITE TO AUSTENITE TRANSFORMATION
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SHAPE MEMORY EFFECT-AN EXAMPLE
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SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
Materials commonly used are:
Cu-Al-Ni; Fe-Mn-Si; Cu-Zn-Al; Ni-Ti.
Major Applications: Aircraft; Orthopedic Surgery; Dental Braces; Robotics.
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CHROMOGENIC MATERIALS
Chromogenic materials change their color in accordance to electrical, thermal or radiative stimuli.
CHROMOGENIC MATERIALS
ThermochromicMaterials
PhotochromicMaterials
ElectrochromicMaterials
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THERMOCHROMIC MATERIALS
Materials which changes color with changes in temperature.
General materials used are: V2O5 , Cholesteryl nonanoate, 1,2,3-triazole, Octadecylphosphonic acid.
General applications: Inks; Dyes; Papers; Plastics.
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RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE CHANGE
Cold Cold Hot
Hot
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PHOTOCHROMIC MATERIALS
Photochromic materials change colour in response to the intensity of light.
Transmittance to light varies with the intensity of the incident light.
General Materials used are: Azobenzene; Diarylethene; Spiropyran; Silver Chloride.
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PHOTOCHROMIC MATERIALS
Major Applications: Lenses; Supramolecular
chemistry; Dyes; Paints; Cosmetics; Clothing.
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ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS
These materials change their optical behavior with application of electrical voltage.
Their behavior is basically characterized by the amount of light they allow to pass through them.
Transparent and looks like ordinary glass
Application of small voltage turns it opaque
(blueish and dark)
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ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS
General materials used are: WO3; NiO; TiO2; Polyaniline; Polythiophene.
Major applications: Smart Glass; Light-transmissive
devices for optical information and storage;
Rear-view mirrors; Protective eyewear.
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APPLICATIONS
Smart Fabric; Smart Aircraft; Sporting Goods; Smart Dust; Reducing vibration
of helicopter blades; Robotics; Medical Surgeries; Security; And many
others…………………
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CONCLUSION
The research and development of smart materials has been an astounding boost to the technical sphere. As time will pass by, these materials will be more known of and be more extensively used to meet even the minute needs of the society.
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REFERENCESSmart Materials and Smart Systems for the future-Georges Akhras.
New Organic Electrochromic Materials and their Applications- J Zmija, M.J Malachowski.
BBC-GCSE Bitesize. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/design/electronics/materialsrev2.shtml
Canadian Military Journal, Autumn 2000.
Buckley, S., “Automation Sensing Mimics Organisms”.
http://chem.xmu.edu.cn/group/wtwu/Research.html
http://www.osakagu.ac.jp/php/nakagawa/TRIZ/eTRIZ/eforum/e2008Forum/eETRIATFC2008Rep/eETRIATFC2008TNRep.html
Wiki…..
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THANK YOU
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