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SNAME SD-5 PANEL and INTERNATIONAL HYDROFOIL SOCIETY
A Pentamaran Bridge over the SeaStephen Flott, Chairman - SeaBridge Inc.
Arlington, VA – Wednesday, June 27, 2007
Turning Coastal Oceans into Sea Bridges
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1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000Year
Ind
ex
Total VMTLane Mile
Truck VMT
Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Various years).
“One of the nation’s biggest challenges is closing the gap between the demand for transportation services and infrastructure capacity.”
The Freight Story, pp. 12-13, USDOT, November 2002
Economic Growth
Infrastructure stagnation
Truck VMT
Total VMT
vs
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0
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14,000
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18,000
Air Highw ay Rail Water Air Highw ay Rail Water Other*
Domestic International
1998 2010 2020
U.S. Freight Shipments by Tonnage
Source: The Freight Analysis Framework (FAF), U.S. Department of Transportation
Domestic freight is and will continue to drive the “gap between demand for transportation services and infrastructure capacity”
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Secretary of Transportation Norman MinetaSpeech at US Chamber of Commerce Conference 6/12/03
“Our landside transportation system is already stressed to the limit and currently planned infrastructure improvements and expansion cannot possibly meet this escalating demand.”
“One intermodal alternative is the development of a robust short sea shipping system that would aid in the reduction of growing freight congestion on our nation’s rail and highway systems.”
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1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000Year
Ind
ex
Total VMT
Lane Mile
Truck VMT
Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Various years).
Waterborne services need to create substantial new freight capacity if the US is to close this gap!
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1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000Year
Inde
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Total VMT
Lane Mile
Truck VMT
Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Various years).
Absorbing vehicle miles from highways creates capacity without adding lanes
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Air Highw ay Rail Water Air Highw ay Rail Water Other*
Domestic International
1998 2010 2020
Source: The Freight Analysis Framework (FAF), U.S. Department of Transportation
Short sea shipping has to attract hundreds ofthousands of truckloads a year from the road to offer any hope for easing freight congestion
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The SeaBridge Approach is just one optionCreate a fast, reliable, coastal freight and passenger ferry network with the capacity and scale to improve motor carrier service capabilities and lower costs and offer a new “mini-cruise”option to motorists
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ü Faster transit times than existing over-the-road and rail intermodal services
ü Matches team driver operationsü Reduces exposure to accidentsü Improves equipment velocity and utilizationü Improves driver utilization and retentionü Hours of service compliance without loss of
service speedü Expands markets; increases profitability
Advantages of expedited intermodal for truckers
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Ship size, speed, fuel efficiency and seakeeping ensure schedule integrity with a high level of passenger comfort
SeaBridge USA’s roll-on/roll-off passenger vessel can transport more than 170 trailers or 100 trailers & 500 cars and 1,800 passengers at up to 42 knots
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Speed (knots)
Leng
th (m
)
Fn = 0.2 Fn = 0.3 Fn = 0.4 Fn = 0.5
Fn = 0.6
Fn = 0.8
Fn = 1.0
Afloat Support Vessels20MW Average50% Deadweight FractionLDR = 5.9 (average)
HSLC Monohulls & MultihullsUp to 78 MW25% Deadweight Fraction TypicalLDR = 7-8 typical
SL788MW, 52% DwtLDR = 7.5
SS United States
Frigates40MW Average25% Deadweight FractionLDR = 7.0 (average)
Current HSLC Monohull Size Limit (Steel/Alloy)
Current HSLC Multihull Size Limit (Alloy)
HSLC Limit Monohulls
HSLC Limit Multihulls
Conventional RoRo/RoPax54MW Average35-40% Deadweight FractionLDR = 6.5 typical
SeaBridge
ADX, 106MW, 32% Dwt, LDR = 10.3
RR P2500
RR FNSLV108 MW, 35% Dwt, LDR =8.0
Fast Ship Atlantic250 MW, 53% Dwt, LDR = 6.9
Catamarans
Monohulls
Stabilised Monohulls
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SS United States
SL788M W, 52% DwtLD R = 7.5
X-Craft53M W, 25% DwtLD R = 7.0
NGA TSV Proposal
NGA LCS Proposal
F ast Ship At lantic300M W, 33% D wtLD R = 7.6
SeaBridgeADX, 106M W, 32% Dwt, LDR = 10.3
FFBIZAR/RR EHSCV
RR P2500
RR F NSLV108 M W, 35% D wt, LD R =8.0
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15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Speed (knots)
Leng
th (m
)
Fn = 0.2 Fn = 0.3 Fn = 0.4 Fn = 0.5
Fn = 0.6
Fn = 0.7
Fn = 0.8
Fn = 0.9
Fn = 1.0
A float Support Vessels20M W Average50% Deadweight F ractionLDR = 5.9 (average)
Frigates40M W A verage25% D eadweight FractionLDR = 7.6 (average)
C onventional R oRo /Ro P ax54M W Average35-40% Deadweight F ractio n
HSLC M ono hulls & M ultihullsUp to 78 M W25% D eadweight Fraction TypicalLDR = 7 typical
C urrent HSLC M onohull Size Limit (Steel/A lloy)
C urrent HSLC M ultihull Size Limit (Alloy)
H SLC Limit
H SLC Limit
Catamarans
Monohulls
Stabilised Monohulls
Displacement Monohulls
CatamaransMono or Cat
Stabilised Monohull
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• REDUCE SPONSON DRAG
• TORSIONAL STRENGTH PROBLEMS
• MAINTAIN STABILITY
• DOCK SHIP PARALLEL TO QUAY
• DAMAGE STABILITY PROBLEMS
TORSIONAL INPUT TO SHIPSPREAD OVER 2 LOCATIONS
SLENDER SPONSONSFOR LOW DRAG
SHIP MEETS ALL DAMAGEDSTABILITY REGULATIONS, INCLUDINGTOTAL SPONSON LOSS.
AFT SPONSONS ONLY IN WATERIN FULL LOAD UPRIGHT CONDITION
PAIR OF SPONSONS ALLOWPARALLEL MOORING
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Progressive HeelingAft Sponsons Forward Sponsons
Upright - Zero Heel Angle
Small Heel Angle
Larger Heel Angles
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Ship Speed (knots)
Fuel
Cos
t per
Ton
ne o
f Car
go p
er 1
00 n
.m (U
S$/
t/100
n.m
)
Existing Fast Car-Pax Ferries
FAST RO-RO
IZAR NGA Ro-Ro
Fast Car-Pax Ferry Limit
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COMPARISON OF SEAKEEPING PERFORMANCE(VESSEL OF APPROX 1000 t DWT)
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
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3,00
3,50
0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0SHIP SECTION
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ND
AR
D D
EVIA
TIO
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F VE
RTI
CA
L A
CC
ELER
ATI
ON
(m/s
2)
PENTAMARAN 180ºPENTAMARAN 150ºMONOHULL 180ºMONOHULL 150ºCATAMARAN 150 ºCATAMARAN 150º
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• Structural Development
• Ship Arrangements• Hull Form Development
• Cost & Route Studies
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RA
O P
ITC
H e
ta(5
)/A [d
eg/m
]
W A V E P E RIOD [s ec]
DISPLACEMENTS
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Ver
tical
ben
ding
mom
ent R
AO
[M
Nm
/m]
W A V E P ERIOD [sec ]
Vertical bending moment at Transverse cut X = 125.00 m