UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMASFACULTY OF MEDICINE & SURGERY

CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION

Anatomy: the science of the structure and function of the bodyClinical Anatomy: the study of the macroscopic structure and function of the body as it relates to the practice of medicine and other health science Basic Anatomy: the study of the minimal amount of anatomy consistent with the understanding of the overall structure and function of the body

I. DESCRIPTIVE ANATOMIC TERMSA. TERMS RELATED TO POSITIONAnatomic Position: standing erect, upper limbs by the sides, face and palms directed forward1. Median Sagittal Plane: Vertical plane passing through the center of the body Division: right and left halves Paramedian: parallel planes situated to one side of the median plane Medial (adj.): structure situated nearer to the median plane of the body Lateral (adj.): structure situated farther from the median plane of the body2. Coronal Planes: imaginary vertical planes at right angles to the median plane3. Horizontal/ Traverse Planes: planes at right angles to both the median and coronal plane Anterior (adj.): front of the body vs. Posterior (adj.): back of the body Hand: Palmar vs. Dorsal Foot: Plantar vs. Dorsal Proximal vs. Distal: describe relative distances Superficial vs. Deep: describe relative distances of structures from the surface of the body Superior (adj.): upper end of the body vs. Inferior (adj.): lower end of the body Internal vs. External: describe relative distances of structures from the organ/cavitys center Ipsilateral (adj.): Same side of the body vs. Contralateral (adj.): opposite sides of the body Supine (adj.): body lying backwards vs. Prone (adj.): body lying face down

B. TERMS RELATED TO MOVEMENTJoint: site where two or more bones come together

1. Movement in the Sagittal Planea. Flexion: usually an anterior movement (except for the knee) Lateral Flexion: movement of the trunk in the coronal planeb. Extension: usually a posterior movement of straightening the joint2. Movement in the Coronal Planea. Abduction: movement of limb away from the midline b. Adduction: movement of limb toward the body 3. Other movements:a. Rotation: movement of the body around its long axisMedial Rotation: movement in the anterior surface of the part facing mediallyPronation of the Forearm: medial rotation in which the palm faces posteriorlyLateral Rotation: movement in the anterior surface of the part facing laterallySupination of the Forearm: lateral rotation in which the palm faces anteriorlyb. Circumduction: combination of flexion + extension + abduction + adductionc. Movement of the Jaw (temporomandibular joints):Protraction: to move forwardRetraction: to move backwardd. Movement of the Foot:Inversion: sole faces the medial directionEversion: sole faces the lateral direction

II. BASIC STRUCTURESA. SKIN

B. FASCIAE

C. MUSCLE

D. JOINTS

E. LIGAMENTS

F. BURSAE

G. SYNOVIAL SHEATH

H. BLOOD VESSELS

I. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

J. NERVOUS SYSTEM

K. MUCOUS MEMBRANES

L. SEROUS MEMBRANES

M. BONE

N. CARTILAGE

O. EFFECTS OF SEX, RACE AND AGE ON STRUCTURE

CLINICAL ANATOMY BY REGIONS, 9TH ED. (SNELL, 2012)