GRADE 5

SCIENCE WORKSHEET:

Who am I:

Blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart.

_____________________________

I protect your body against germs and harmful things.

_____________________________

I am component of blood that stops bleeding.

_____________________________

I carry oxygen to all parts of the body.

_____________________________

I am component of blood that transport digested food to your body.

_____________________________

I am a muscular wall that does not allow blood to mix in the heart.

_____________________________

Write the differences between:

Arteries: Veins:

Red blood cells: White blood cells:

Contagious diseases: Non-Contagious diseases:

Anitbiotics: Antivirals:

Write the type of the drugs that can be used to treat or prevent following diseases:

Diseases DrugsInfluenzaMeaslesFeverDiabetes

Label the given diagram of heart:

5. Explain how the blood circulates in the body.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Ahmed was sick and doctor prescribed him antibiotics for 7 days. After taking medicine for 3 days he was fine and he did not finish the medicine as was prescribed by the doctor. What health issues he can have because of this?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. What is drug abuse? What are harmful effects of drug abuse?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. What are the symptoms shown by people suffering from haemophilia? What is the cause of this disease?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

REFERENCE CHAPTER:

KEEPING HEALTHY

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM IN THE HUMAN BODY

The human body has a transport system. This system transports materials from one part of the body to another. It is called the circulatory system. The human circulatory system is made up of heart, blood vessels and blood.

Useful materials like oxygen and digested food is transported to all parts of the body,

Waste materials like carbon dioxide are transported to the organs that remove them from the body.

Materials are carried in the blood from one part of the body to another. The blood moves in the tubes called vessels and the heart pumps the blood through the vessels.

BLOOD:

An average human has five to six liters of blood in his or her body

Human blood has;

PLASMA: Itis yellowish , made up of water and minerals in which all the blood cells flow.It transports digested food, carbondioxide and other materials.

RED BLOOD CELLS:

They give blood its red colour and their job is to transport oxygen and carry away carbondioxide.

WHITE BLOOD CELLS: They help to fight germs. They do not transport materials.

PLATELETS: These are brownish-yellow bits of cells which help to form blood clots and heal wounds.They do not transport materials.

Clotting does not happen to people who have Haemophilia as it happens to most people when they get a cut, their blood platelets quickly cover the hole to form a clot and stop bleeding.

BLOOD VESSELS:

Our circulatory system includes blood vessels, a system of tubes that carry the blood. These blood vessels make up a huge branching network in our bodies. There are three kinds of blood vessels.

If these blood vessels were stretched out end-to-end, they would reach over 60,000 miles and could go around the earth more than twice?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Arteries have muscular walls.Capillaries are small, fine blood vessels that join arteries and veins. The walls of the capillaries are very thin. Materials in the blood can pass through the capillary walls easily. When the blood reaches the part of the body where it is needed it enters the capillaries.Veins carry blood toward the heart. Once the blood has lost its oxygen it is returned to the heart through veins. Veins have valves to stop the blood running backwards.

THE HEART:The Heart Is a Muscle

Our heart is really a muscle. It’s a hollow muscular organ made up of special muscle called cardiac muscle.It's located a little to the left of the middle of your chest, and it's about the size of your fist.

There are lots of muscles all over your body — in your arms, in your legs, in our back etc., but the heart muscle is special because of what it does. The heart sends blood around our body. The blood provides our body with the oxygen and nutrients it needs. It also carries away waste. Its interwoven muscle fibers enable the heart to contract or squeeze together automatically

Two pumps in one

Our heart is sort of like a pump or two pumps in one. The right side of our heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left side of the heart does the exact opposite: It receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body.

When the heart muscle contract, blood is squeezed out of the heart into the arteries. When the heart muscles relax, the blood flows back to heart through veins.

Parts of heart:

The heart has four chambers

Atria: The upper chambers are called atria (singular: atrium)

Ventricles: The two lower chambers are called ventricles.

HOW DOES THEBLOOD CIRCULATE?

The pulmonary artery carries the blood from right side of the heart to the lungs.

The blood carried by the pulmonary arteries absorb oxygen when it flows through the lungs. The oxygen comes from the air, taken in by the lungs. The oxygen-rich blood is then carried back to the left side of the heart by pulmonary veins.

The blood carried by the pulmonary veins to the left side of the heart is pumped to the rest of the body through aorta. Aorta is the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the different parts of the body.

The oxygen in the blood is used up at different parts of the body. The oxygen poor blood from the upper body and the lower body return to

Easy to remember L.O.R.D

Left oxygenated ( oxygen rich )

Right deoxygenated ( oxygen poor)

the right side of the heart through two main veins called venacavae(singular:vena cava).

Colour the diagram using red for oxygenated and blue for deoxygenated blood and show the direction of circulation of blood using arrows.

The blood in the either side of the heart does not mix because there is a thick muscular wall between the two halves called septum

HEART RATE

The number of heart beats per minute is called the heart rate. It can be measured by taking pulse besides using a stethoscope. An adult heart beats about 70 times every minute but during exercise this increases about 150 times a minute.This is because the muscles need extra oxygen for them to work well. A pulse is felt when the contraction of heart causes the arteries to throb.

HOW TO TAKE PULSE?

To take our own pulse, use the index and the middle finger of one hand to feel for the pulse on the wrist of the other hand. We cannot use our thumb as it has pulse of its own

TRY IT OUT !!!

CONTAGIOUS AND NON-CONTAGIOUS DISEASE:

Contagious diseases: Those diseases which can be spread are called contagious diseases.There are many different types of contagious diseases and many different ways that diseases can be spread. Colds, influenza, measles, tuberculosis, chickenpox, ringworm and cholera are some examples

Mice have heart rate of about 740 beats a minute and elephants only 25 beats a minute.

of contagious diseases. Virus, harmful bacteria, fungi and other parasites cause them.

Routes of spread: Airborne: Germs that travel in the air can be spread by sneezing or coughing. Colds,TB.Waterborne: These germs live in water. They can bestomach problems or diarrhea. Insects:Mosquitos and ticks can spread diseases like malaria and spotted fever.

Non-contagious diseases: Those diseases which are not transmitted from one person to another. They may be inherited from one person to one’s parents or caused by unhealthy life styles or the environment. Asthama, cancer, diabetes, heart diseases, malnutrition, obesity etc. are examples of non-contagious diseases.

WHATS KEEPS US HEALTHY? It is important to keep healthy by having a balanced diet and exercising regularly. Keeping healthy will help us fight against diseases! Many people suffer from heart disease. This is often because the blood supply to heart has decreased. It can be due to; eating too much fatty food, not eating enough fruit, smoking, being overweight or not taking enough exercise.

Useful and harmful drugs:

Drugs: drugs are those which can change the way our body behaves. They can be useful as well as harmful.Medicinal drugs are of two types.which control the which cure the Symptoms DiseasesPain killers Antibiotics Bronchodilator AntiviralsInsulin Vaccines

Painkillerssuch as Aspirin relieve the pain, fever, headache, tooth ache only. It cannot cure us of diseases that cause the pain, fever or headachesBronchodilator: It can help breathing but it cannot cure asthma. It’s just a bronchodilator.Insulin:Diabetic patients take insulin to control sugar but it cannot cure

diabetes.Antibiotics:The diseases caused by bacteria are controlled by antibiotics. For example; penicillin. Antibiotics are commonly used to cure diseases like strep throat, pneumonia, urinary tract infection Antivirals:The diseases caused by virus are controlled by antivirals. Like cold and influenzaVaccines:Some medicinal drugs are used to prevent different diseases like polio, measles, small box, influenza etc. They are called vaccines. They are injected into the body or taken orally.

When doctors prescribe antibiotics, patients are told to finish the medicine. Not doing so can cause the bacteria to become resistant to the antibiotics .The antibiotics will be ineffective against these bacteria.

Drug abuse

Drug abuse is the use of drugs in the ways that will harm the body. It can be; Taking too much medicinal drugs Not taking antibiotics for the time prescribed by the doctor as the

causing bacteria can get resistant to those antibiotics and they become ineffective.

Common non-medicinal drug abuse is of nicotine and tar in the form of cigarettes and cigar.

Harmful effects of drug abuse:

Ineffective drug Resistant bacteria Destroys health Addiction Person becomes dependent on drug

Cigarettes and cigars contain dried tobacco leaves. When burnt they release smoke which contain harmful materials like tar and nicotine. Tar is black and sticky substance which can cause lung cancer. Nicotine can cause addiction, damages the brain, hardens the walls of arteries and clots the blood. Smoker’s lungs are sticky, dark, and black with damaged airways