NAME: CHONG ZHAO LUN

ID: 0320408

GROUP: MONDAY 9AM – 11AM

SUBJECT: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, FNBE

SUBMISSION DATE: 26TH APRIL 2015

Entry 1: Social Learning Perspective

The definition of Social Learning Perspective is people learnt a new attitude or behavior by

observing other people behavior. The social learning required to give attention on observed

people behavior. When a person born, he or she will do everything from other people action,

even their action is good or bad and they try to learning new attitude from those people. For

example, an underage kid following an adult taking a cigarette but he still don't know how harm

to his body is. When I was a student, I observing the other student was received a gift because

he doing a great job helping the teacher, I imitate the student in the hope to get the gift too.

Moreover, the people will observe the other in a bad attitude or behavior, the will starting a

new behavior that they not doing from it. For example, a thief robbed a bank and gets caught

by the police officer, the citizen will giving attention from that behavior and not imitates the

same behavior from him because they know that the action will take disadvantage for them. A

new behavior will came out if one else observing and imitating or copy the other behavior.

Entry 2: Social Comparison

Social Comparison carried out on people own personal or their own social based on how they

compared with each other by comparing their characteristics, abilities and opinions. People

usually making self-compare the thing in their life like a variety of domain. For example, people

always envy on other people attractive, successful, wealth, population, and intelligence. Social

Comparison got two types, which are upward comparison and downward comparison. Upward

comparison is like comparing with the people with higher achieves by envy them. Downward

comparison is expecting oneself thing that enough. For example, for me, I was an upward

comparison in school. I always envy own my classmates that getting high achieves then me.

Every time wanted to achieve more higher than them. For example, I always wanted to score a

A+ to target myself to get the higher mark. But actually when I get higher achieves than all of

my classmates, I will stop getting the higher score because no one had better than me. That

mean you reach enough when you get better thing than other but not getting the higher.

Entry 3: Availability Heuristic

Availability Heuristic defined is a mental shortcut on how easily the immediate example that

crosses into brain. When I want to making a decision, something wills immediate came into my

mind that some number of related to those situation had happen before. Those kind of thing

are usually where you have saw or when you had heard that been saved in your mind. Mostly,

these memories are remembered as important as thing that you don't remember as normal.

For example, I want to travel to Singapore, but do I go there by airplane or bus? The question

automatically come to mind and some of news that happen before about negative of airplane,

like hijacking airplane in Malaysia or some reason the airplane suddenly fall down from

somewhere. That kind of dangerous reason had come to my mind. Then I will make decision

again that I rather taking by bus better because safety. Another example, there a burger fast-

food stall and fried chicken fast food stall. People said that this burger had cause a lot of people

getting food poison cause of dirty. People will start making decision on having food on the other

fast food stall. Availability Heuristic will give a shortcut of example for when a people are

thinking about specific topic.

Entry 4: Covariation Theory

Covariation mean when we explaining on other people behavior. We are looking on the

similarities to help us making less wide for some specific topic. There are three kind of

covariation that helps us to taper down the question. Examples for three covariations are

consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency. Each of these three had high or low. For example,

when I and my friend ordering food in a restaurant, then these three covariations will help us

decide that situation. When my friend order two pieces of ‘roti canai’ and I look around other

table of people also eating on two pieces of ‘roti canai’, then my friend’s behavior is high

consensus. My friend eats two pieces of ‘roti canai’ at that restaurant, but he eats breakfast at

my house or other place just only one pieces of “roti canai”, this show that my friend’s behavior

was high distinctiveness. Does my friend always eat two pieces of ‘roti canai’? We came here

last week, he also orders two pieces of ‘roti canai’, and so the behavior for my friend is

consistency as high. This covaraiton theory that helps us to understand what the other people

are thinking.

Entry 5: Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

Cognitive Dissonance is something that uneasy when you do something that you against your

belief. For example, the story of fox and grape is related to this theory. The fox can’t get the

grape because is too high, so he told himself that the grape is sour and not tasty. A disagreeable

decision by the people when a new belief when clash with the belief before. For example, when

old men had a high cholesterol level, then he continues to eat food that will increase his

cholesterol level, like seafood. He also know that was bad for his health, he know that if his

cholesterol level was high will cause him fade up too. He may also thinking that he was enjoying

the food so much and is worth that he only live once. Another option is he thinks that his health

is not that serious and negative for himself. The third option he can’t avoid any accident or

dangerous occur that came for him. The last one is if he stop eating food that with high

cholesterol but he will continue drinking alcohol and smoking cigarette. Cognitive Dissonance

can help us to be aware of how conflict belief on making decision is a good way to improve our

ability.