Societal Implications of Networking: A Personal Perspective

David J. FarberDistinguished Professor of Computer Science and Public Policy

Carnegie Mellon UniversitySchool of Computer Science

Dedicated to Jon Postel

Paul BaranPaul Baran

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

First some historyFirst some history

The UC Irvine daysA group of kids at UCLAAn IMP at UC IrvineKids at UC IrvineThe lay of the network land

The UC Irvine daysA group of kids at UCLAAn IMP at UC IrvineKids at UC IrvineThe lay of the network land

The early networkThe early network

RationalComputer sharingFile Sharing

A smallish group of friendsPrimitive facilitiesThe path to EMAIL

RationalComputer sharingFile Sharing

A smallish group of friendsPrimitive facilitiesThe path to EMAIL

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

What was the net used for What was the net used for

Silver futuresResearch in making the net work

The crashesHack and hack

Silver futuresResearch in making the net work

The crashesHack and hack

The migration to TCP/IPThe migration to TCP/IP

Slash CutSlash Cut

Toward a Computer Science Network

Toward a Computer Science Network

Why?Getting it funded

Must pay for it after 3 yearsThe path to a network

PhoneNetInternationalizationCommercialization

Why?Getting it funded

Must pay for it after 3 yearsThe path to a network

PhoneNetInternationalizationCommercialization

An Explosion of networksAn Explosion of networks

Not all TCP basedNSFNetNRENThe regional networksThe commercialization of network

servicesThe evolution to where we are today

Not all TCP basedNSFNetNRENThe regional networksThe commercialization of network

servicesThe evolution to where we are today

From the “good old boys” to the mob

From the “good old boys” to the mob

The evolution of the purposes of the netWho cares about sharing computers after

the pc (except for super-computers)People wanted to communicate by

EmailPicturesDocumentsVoiceVideoEveryway

The evolution of the purposes of the netWho cares about sharing computers after

the pc (except for super-computers)People wanted to communicate by

EmailPicturesDocumentsVoiceVideoEveryway

The merging of computing and communications will drive the future. we went from computers without networks ->

computers with networks -> networks with computers ->

the cloud invertsthe total network is the real actionthe computers are no longer the motivating

item as in the early days no longer can we develop computers without

paying attention to the networks no longer can we develop networks without

wondering if our computer architectures are OK

The network is changing our economy

The network is changing our economy

Buggy whip industries are in trouble Even the old “monopolies” Some realities re com based businesses

Telephone vs cable Wireless Unlicensed (WiFi)

Buggy whip industries are in trouble Even the old “monopolies” Some realities re com based businesses

Telephone vs cable Wireless Unlicensed (WiFi)

Politics 101

USA Will the internet escape regulationThe reality of inside the beltwaySecurity and privacy may be the

wedgeThe legacy businesses -- will they

“give up”

The “new” eraThe “new” era

The new Chairman of the CommissionMike Powell

What are the critical issues they faceSpectrum , spectrum,

spectrumUnbundlingEconomic

relationshipsThe internet!!

The new Chairman of the CommissionMike Powell

What are the critical issues they faceSpectrum , spectrum,

spectrumUnbundlingEconomic

relationshipsThe internet!!

Security and Availability Will Be the Drivers

The current internet is vulnerablePoints of potential vulnerability

Service protocolsCommercial arrangementsOld softwareHard to design security in after the fact

Broadband AccessWill it be open?What does that really meanWhy worry

Technology is easy -- society is rough

Technology is easy -- society is rough

Show stoppers or at least slowersShow stoppers or at least slowers

Nation StatesNation States

taxesculturerights

taxesculturerights

IndividualsIndividuals

privacy1984 fears

big government big brotherbig business

privacy1984 fears

big government big brotherbig business

Intellectual property problems

Intellectual property problems

copyright bill (S)off to jail with the president of Upennshow down and maybe stop the value

of the netthe de-evolution of the net to TV

copyright bill (S)off to jail with the president of Upennshow down and maybe stop the value

of the netthe de-evolution of the net to TV

What should we do -- society

What should we do -- society

defend our libertyunderstand the world is not all the

sameeducate

defend our libertyunderstand the world is not all the

sameeducate

We Are at the Beginning of a Great Change

We Are at the Beginning of a Great Change

The next 10 years will be as wild as the last 25

Technology will change dramaticallyAll optical netsWireless of many varietiesCommunicating computers

everywhere

The next 10 years will be as wild as the last 25

Technology will change dramaticallyAll optical netsWireless of many varietiesCommunicating computers

everywhere

The Real Next Generation -- Optical Networks

ImplicationsProtocols IP?Processor architectureSoftware systems

Will it be a fully distributed system -- back to the past

NLR Footprint TopologyNLR Footprint Topology

PITPIT

PORPOR

FREFRE

RALRAL

WALWAL

NASNASPHOPHO

OLGOLG ATLATL

CHICHI

CLECLE

KANKAN

OGDOGD

SACSAC BOSBOSNYCNYC

WDCWDC

STRSTR

DALDAL

DENDEN

LAXLAX

SVLSVL

SEASEA

SDGSDG

What differentiates optical networks from where we are now

What differentiates optical networks from where we are now

bandwidth-latency is a major differencespeed affects the ability to compute in a timely

fashionimplies difficulties in

routingmaintenanceactual hardware of switches

may and most likely will imply changes inprotocolsinterface to computersstructure of software systems

bandwidth-latency is a major differencespeed affects the ability to compute in a timely

fashionimplies difficulties in

routingmaintenanceactual hardware of switches

may and most likely will imply changes inprotocolsinterface to computersstructure of software systems