SODA: a Service-On-Demand

ArchitectureAn Utility Computing Perspective

Xuxian Jiang Purdue University

04/10/2003

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Introduction

Essential Idea Provide computation as utility, just as water and

power etc.Utility Computing has been widely recognized and adopted by industry and academia IBM Oceano HP Utility Data Center PlanetLab Opus

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Today’s Talk

Application Service Hosting from Utility Computing Perspective

Challenges ?

Virtual node

Physical node

Virtual Link

Physical Link

Utility demandShared Utility Infrastructure

On-demand creation of services

Virtualization of services Isolation between services

Solution ?

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Outline

System Overview Related/Previous WorkOn-Demand Service CreationService Isolation/VirtualizationConclusion

System Overview

Node Deployment (CODA)

Dynamic Node Membership Node Priming

Service Deployment Service On-Demand Instantiation Service Activation Service Teardown

Related Work

Node Deployment (CODA)Oceano

EmulabBeowulf

Flexible configuration

OS-Agnostic Dynamic clusters

CODA

Config tools for Linux computing clusters

Utility OS for hosted Web services with dynamic load.

Configures static sub-clusters for emulation experiments.

Similar to COD

Douglas E. Comer and Xuxian Jiang “Running Linux On Back-end Computers In the Xinu Lab ” Technical Report, Department of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 2003

Related Work (cont’d)Service Deployment (SODA)

Denali

OpusPlanetLab

Infrastructure Deployment

Service-Agnostic Clusters of Slices

SODA

Internet-scale testbed

Scalable isolation kernel

Overlay Peering Utility Services

Xuxian Jiang and Dongyan Xu “SODA: a Service-On-Demand Architecture for Application Service Hosting Utility Platforms” to appear in Proceedings of The 12th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-12), Seattle, WA, June, 2003

Outline

SODA Overview Related/Previous WorkOn-Demand Service CreationService Isolation/VirtualizationConclusion

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On Demand - How?

Node deployment (CODA) Hardware configuration Node priming

Service deployment (SODA) Service download Service activation Service resizing Service teardown

… …

… …

Node Deployment (CODA)

A.K.A. Xinu Back-end Testbed

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Application Service Deployment (SODA)

Service Download Similar with kernel image downloadKey Entities: Service Agent Service Master Service Daemon Service Switch

SODA Master SODA Agent

Host OS

Guest OS

Service SSODA

Daemon

Host OS

Guest OS

Service SSODA

Daemon

Host OS

Guest OS

Service S’SODA

DaemonGuest OS

Service S’

Service Switch for S Service Switch for S’

Service Request From Clients Service Request From Clients

Service Creation Request From ASP

Virtual Server

Outline

SODA Overview Related/Previous WorkOn-Demand Service CreationService Isolation/VirtualizationConclusion

Service Isolation - How ?

Resource Virtualization CPU Cycles Network Bandwidth Memory Size Disk Storage

Virtual Machine GuestOS (UML)

Isolation Kernel Proportional Scheduler

CPU, Network Bandwidth, Memory Virtual Server Internetworking Host OS

…GuestOS GuestOS

Virtual Server

One Physical node

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VM-based Isolation Features

Administrative Isolation

Fault/Intrusion Isolation

Resource Isolation

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VM-based Sample Services

Scenario: 1. One web service 2. One honeynet hosting

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Isolation Kernel

CPU Isolation

Network Out-bound Bandwidth Isolation

Memory Usage Limit

CPU Isolation

Original Linux CPU Scheduler

Linux CPU Fair Scheduler

Scenario:1) CPU-intensive: green 2) IO-intensive: blue 3) Web: red

Service Virtualization & Load Balancing - How ?

Virtual ServerVirtual ClusterService Switch

Client Request

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Service Virtualization+ Load Balancing

Host OSGuest OS

Httpd-a

Guest OS foo Scenario:

1. Resa:Resb = 1:2 2. Reqa:Reqb = 1:2

Distribution of requests by Service Switch

Response time from virtual service node

Host OSGuest OS

bar

Guest OS

Httpd-b

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Service Bootstrapping Time

Linux Configuration

Image size

Time(seattle) Time(tacoma)

Rootfs_tomrtbt_1.7.205

15 MB 2.0 sec. 3.0 sec.

Rootfs_base_1.0 29.3 MB 3.0 sec. 4.0 sec.

Root_fs_lfs_4.0 400 MB 4.0 sec. 16.0 sec.

Root_fs.rh-7.2-server.pristine.20021012

253 MB 22.0 sec. 42.0 sec.

seattle: Dell PowerEdge server with 2.66GHz Intel Xeon processor and 2GB RAMtacoma: Dell desktop PC with 1.8GHz Intel Pentium 4 processor and 768MB RAM

Slow Down factorScenario:

1. Virtual service node with service switch 2. Service running in host OS with service switch 3. Service running in host OS without service switch

System call VM (cycles)

Linux

getpid 27,276 1,208

geteuid 26,648 1,064

dup2 26,904 1,084

mmap 27,864 1,208

munmap 27,044 1,200

gettimeofday 37,004 1,368

Outline

SODA Overview Related/Previous WorkOn-Demand Service CreationService Isolation/VirtualizationConclusion

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Conclusion

Design and Implementation of SODA architecture Highly Efficient On-demand Service

Priming Satisfactory Service IsolationVM-based approach to address Application Service Hosting paradigm

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Future Work

Other VMsResource Allocation Model & AlgorithmService PlacementService Migration Freeze / Migrate/ RestartSecurity

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PublicationXuxian Jiang, Dongyan Xu, "Protection of Application Service Hosting Platforms: an Operating System Perspective", submitted for publication, April 2003

Xuxian Jiang and Dongyan Xu “SODA: a Service-On-Demand Architecture for Application Service Hosting Utility Platforms” to appear in Proceedings of The 12th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-12), Seattle, WA, June, 2003

Douglas E. Comer and Xuxian Jiang “Running Linux On Back-end Computers In the Xinu Lab ” Technical report, Department of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, work in progress 2003

Xuxian Jiang, Yu Dong, Dongyan Xu, Bharat Bhargava “GnuStream: A P2P Media Streaming System Prototype ” to appear in IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo (ICME), July 2003

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ReferencesServices Migration [1.1, 09/01] Steven Osman, Dinesh Subhraveti, Gong Su, and Jason Nieh, "The Design and Implementation of Zap: A System for Migrating Computing Environments", Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 2002), Boston, MA, December 9-11, 2002, pp. 361-376.

[1.2, 14/01] S. Ranjan, J. Rolia, H. Fu, and E. Knightly, "QoS-Driven Server Migration for Internet Data Centers", in Proceedings of IWQoS 2002, Miami, FL, May 2002. [1.3, 05/02] Amin Vahdat, Thomas Anderson, Michael Dahlin, David Culler, Eshwar Belani, Paul Eastham, and Chad Yoshikawa, "WebOS: Operating System Services For Wide Area Applications", in The Seventh IEEE Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, July 1998.

Utility Computing[2.1, 09/01] K. Appleby, S. Fakhouri, L. Fong, G. Goldszmidt, and M. Kalantar, "Oceano: SLA Based Management of a Computing Utility", in IFIP/IEEE Intl. Symp. on Integrated Network Management May 2001

[2.2, 06/02] Andrew A. Chien, "Architecture of the Entropia Distributed Computing System, ", International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium April 2002

[2.3, 12/02] R. Figueiredo, P. Dinda, J. Fortes, "A Case For Grid Computing on Virtual Machines ", ICDCS 2003, to appear 2003

Cluster [3.1, 11/01] Justin Moore, Jeff Chase "Cluster On Demand", CS Technical Report Duke University, May 2002

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References (2)Virtual Machine [4.1, 09/01] Andrew Whitaker, Marianne Shaw, and Steven D. Gribble, "Scale and Performance in the Denali Isolation Kernel" Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation (OSDI 2002), Boston, MA, December 2002

[4.2, 15/01] George W. Dunlap, Samuel T. King, Sukru Cinar, Murtaza Basrai, Peter M. Chen, "ReVirt: Enabling Intrusion Analysis through Virtual-Machine Logging and Replay" Proceedings of the 2002 Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI) ,, Boston, MA, December 2002

[4.3, 15/01] C. P. Sapuntzakis, R. Chandra, B. Pfaff, J. Chow, M. S. Lam and M. Rosenblum, "Optimizing the Migration of Virtual Computers", in Proceedings of the Conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, December 2002.

[4.4, 15/01] Emin Gun Sirer, Robert Grimm, Arthur J. Gregory and Brian N. Bershad, "Design and Implementation of a Distributed Virtual Machine for Networked Computers", in Proceedings of the Seventeenth Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, pages 202-216, Kiawah Island, South Carolina, December 1999.

[4.5, 18/01] Peter M. Chen, Brian D. Noble, "When virtual is better than real", Proceedings of the 2001 Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS), May 2001. review [4.6, 01/02] Karim Yaghmour, "Adaptive Domain Environment for Operating Systems", Opersys Inc., June 2002.

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References (3)Resource Management [5.1, 10/01] John Reumann, Ashish Mehra, Kang G. Shin, and Dilip Kandlur, "Virtual Services: A New Abstraction for Server Consolidation,'', in Proc. of USENIX 2000 Annual Technical Conference, June 18-23, 2000, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.

[5.2, 12/01] Bhuvan Urgaonkar, Prashant Shenoy and Timothy Roscoe, "Resource Overbooking and Application Profiling in Shared Hosting Platforms'', Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI),, Boston, MA, December 2002

[5.3, 13/01] Kai Shen, Hong Tang, Tao Yang, and Lingkun Chu, "Integrated Resource Management for Cluster-based Internet Services''. in Proc. of the 5th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI'02), Boston MA, December 2002

[5.4, 15/01] Gaurav Banga, Jeffrey C. Mogul and Peter Druschel "Resource containers: A new facility for resource management in server systems'' . in Proceedings of the Third Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI), , New Orleans, LA, February 1999

[5.5, 15/01] Mohit Aron, Peter Druschel and Willy Zwaenepoel, "Cluster Reserves: A Mechanism for Resource Management in Cluster-based Network Servers". in Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems , Santa Clara, CA, June 2000

[5.6, 17/01] Jose Renato Santos, Koustuv Dasgupta, G. (John) Janakiraman and Yoshio Turner, "Understanding service demand for adaptive allocation of distributed resources". in Proceedings of IEEE Global Internet Symposium (GLOBECOM '02), Taipei, Taiwan, November 17-21, 2002

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References (4)Network Servers [6.1, 15/01] Mohit Aron, Darren Sanders, Peter Druschel and Willy Zwaenepoel, "Scalable Content-aware Request Distribution in Cluster-based Network Servers". in Proceedings of the USENIX 2000 Annual Technical Conference , San Diego, CA, Jun 2000

[6.2, 16/01] Matt Welsh, David Culler, and Eric Brewer. "SEDA: An Architecture for Well-Conditioned, Scalable Internet Services". in Proceedings of the Eighteenth Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP-18), Banff, Canada, October, 2001 [6.3, 16/01] Matt Welsh, David Culler. "Virtualization Considered Harmful: OS Design Directions for Well-Conditioned Services". in Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS VIII), , Schloss Elmau, Germany, May, 2001

[6.4, 04/02] Jeremy Kerr "Achieving Linear Scalability of Network Services through Load Balancing".   "Research Proposal: Selection Algorithms & Dynamic Feedback in Network Load Balancer"  "A review of currently available literature on load balancing "  Course Project

Linux-Based extension [7.1, 16/01] David Coulson, "UML-based pseudo-dedicated hosting service". OpenConsultancy 2002

[7.2, 17/01] Ashvin Goel, Luca Abeni, Charles Krasic, Jim Snow, and Jonathan Walpole, "Supporting time-sensitive applications on general-purpose operating systems.". In Proceedings of the Fifth USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation Dec 2002

[7.3, 05/02] Vijay Sundaram, Abhishek Chandra, Pawan Goyal and Prashant Shenoy, "Application Performance in the QLinux Multimedia Operating System ". Proceedings of the Eighth ACM Conference on Multimedia, Los Angeles, CA, pages 127-136, November 2000.

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References (5)Emulation & Network testbed

[8.1, 18/01] Amin Vahdat, Ken Yocum, Kevin Walsh, Priya Mahadevan, Dejan Kostic, Jeff Chase, and David Becker, "Scalability and Accuracy in a Large-Scale Network Emulator". Proceedings of 5th Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI), Dec. 2002

[8.2, 27/01] Christopher A. Telfer, "Implementation and Evaluation of Reconfigurable Network Testbed" Ph.D. Thesis March 2003 [chapters: 2  3  4  5 ]

[8.3, 05/02] White, Lepreau, Stoller, Ricci, Guruprasad, Newbold, Hibler, Barb, and Joglekar, "An Integrated Experimental Environment for Distributed Systems and Networks" 0SDI 2002 Dec 2002

[8.4, 05/02] Larry Peterson, Tom Anderson David Culler, and Timothy Roscoe, "A Blueprint for Introducing Disruptive Technology into the Internet" Proceedings of the 1st ACM Work on Hot Topics in Networks (HotNets-I), Princeton, NJ October 28-29, 2002

[8.5, 06/02] Xin Liu, Huaxia Xia, and Andrew Chien, "Network Emulation Tools for Modeling Grid Behaviors." The 3rd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid CCGrid 2003