sodium imbalances
DESCRIPTION
ppt regarding hypernat and hyponatTRANSCRIPT
Sodium ImbalancesHypo and Hypernatremia
Defintion
Causes
Signs and
symptoms
Complications
Riskfactor
s
Management
most often found outside the cell, in the plasma (the non-cell part) of the
bloodstream.
It is a significant part of water regulation in the body
helps with electrical signals in the body, allowing muscles to fire and
the brain to work.
Sodium
Hypernatremia
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia•Hypernatremia is defined as a serum sodium concentration greater than 145 mmol/L.
Hyponatremia•Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium concentration lower than 136 mmol/L.
Defintion
Causes
Signs and
symptoms
Complications
Riskfactor
s
Management
GI track losses• Diarrhea• vomiting• Impaired thirst sensation
Skin losses• Burns• Excessive sweating
Renal losses• Renal disease• Loop diuretics• Osmotic diuretics
Hypernatremia
Signs/ Symptoms and Complication
Confusion
Neuromuscular excitability
Seizure
Muscle cramps
Headache
Lethargy
death
GI track losses• Diarrhea• vomiting• Impaired thirst sensation
3rd space losses• Burns• Peritonitis• Rhabdomyolysis
Renal losses• Renal disease• diuretics• Mineral corticoid deficiencies
Hyponatremia
Signs/ Symptoms and Complication
Headache
Personality changes
Nausea and vomiting
Muscle twitching
tremors
coma
death
Defintion
Causes
Signs and
symptoms
Complications
Riskfactor
s
Management
Risk Factors
Elderly Patients
Burns
Pregnant women
Endocrine disorders
Heartfailure
Advance liver cirrrhosis
CKD
Defintion
Causes
Signs and
symptoms
Complications
Riskfactor
s
Management