SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY INSURANCE

FOR CUSTOMER (STIC)

Dr. T V Gopal

Professor &

Chairman, CSI Division II [Software]

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

College of Engineering

Anna University, Chennai – 600 025

e-mail : gopal@annauniv.edu

Home Page http://www.annauniv.edu/staff/gopal &

http://www.csi-india.org/web/software/home

Saturday, 29 June 2013

Seminar Hall, Alumni Center, CEG Campus, Anna University

HUMAN BEING – SEQUENTIAL THINKING,

CREATIVE & POOR INSTINCTS

Humanity, in contrast with other species, does

not possess highly developed instinctive

reactions.

Software Technology designed to improve the

quality of life involves academic engineers, social

scientists and architects, together with

representatives of user groups and in several

cases a manufacturer.

Software technology currently accounts for at

least one-third of all new technology.

Inter – Disciplinary Work has always been

difficult & highly error prone.

SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY

INSURANCE

Quality of Service [QoS] +

Quality of Experience [QoE] +

Quality of Life [QoL]

FUTURE LAPTOPS

FUTURE OFFICES

FUTURE “TENSE”

In one experiment the students make a microwave transmitter and receiver

and study radiation and detection by dipole antennas.

Most of the students have little or no electronics knowledge at the

start and they exhibit solid long-lasting learning.

Commoditization occurs when consumers can buy the same product or

service from different small or large businesses. Price is the only

distinguishing factor in commoditized products…..

ICT & INTELLIGENT BUILDING

NEW ERGONOMICS ??

FOR WOMEN - ON THEIR HANDHELDS

Virtuoso

Mixer

WATTS HUMPHREY

“When coupled with the explosive growth of the Internet and the resulting exposure to hackers, criminals, and terrorists, the need for reliable, dependable, and secure software systems will steadily increase. If experience is any guide, as these systems are used to perform more critical functions, they will get more complex and less reliable. Unfortunately, this probably means that it will take a severe, disruptive, and highly public software failure to get people concerned about software quality.”

What is Needed?

An ecosystem, not components

People, Sustainability, Innovation, Integration

PEOPLE FIRST

Pertinent Demographics

[United States – Case Study]

TECHNOLOGY – “VALLEY OF DEATH”

More than four in five technologies developed globally never make it to the commercial world, due to their inability to cross the “Valley of Death” - the virtual chasm that separates applied research from technology demonstration.

These technologies fall into nine categories Sensors & Control, Materials & Coatings, Clean & Green Environment, Information & Communication Technology, Microelectronics, Sustainable Energy, Health & Wellness, Medical Devices & Imaging Technology and Advanced Manufacturing & Automation.

Innovative products are different; they are not complied with existing standards.

SECURITY

Securing your network requires more than just new

hardware and software. It’s about a change in your

organization’s culture to a more security-conscious

environment.

VULNERABILITIES

First you need to realize the scope of the vulnerability problem.

Vulnerabilities are like the fish in the sea. We can identify all of the different species of them, but then you have to focus on the different varieties and you know there are others to discover.

Although there have been more than 26,000 vulnerabilities discovered, there is truly an unlimited number out there.

We simply haven’t found them all.

This is what people refer to as known vs. unknown vulnerabilities.

Once a vulnerability is found, vulnerability scripts can be written to look for and identify them.

On average, there are 20 new vulnerabilities found on a daily basis.

Not all of these vulnerabilities affect every system daily.

70% of applications failed to comply with enterprise security policies

on first submission.

The Software Security Focus

THE SOFTWARE VALUE CHAIN

SUSTAINABILITY

QUESTIONS & MORE QUESTIONS

What are the new applications that will drive the Cyber Infrastructure use that are emerging or likely to emerge in the coming decade?

Key Challenge “SCALE THE SCIENCE -- NOT THE CODES!” Verification, validation, uncertainty quantification --> PREDICTION!

How can useful application and systems software be developed, disseminated and sustained beyond the development period?

What application support environments will be needed?

What education and training actions should be considered to prepare researchers, students and educators for future Cyber Infrastructure?

The “Jittery” Integration of Applications

SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES FOR HUMANITY

The Global Electronic Library

Immersive Technology for Education

Augmented Reality

Practical Robots

Genetics as “Software that can be

Re-Engineered” – Can result in Larger Brains,

Fancy Foods, Organ Performance Enhancement

Tracking Technologies – Head, Eye & Mind

Tactile Feedback

Super-learning Systems

Pervasive, Ubiquitous & Nano Computing

A GLIMPSE OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Cosmetics & Nail Paints that penetrate the skin.

Skin creams that can protect against toxins.

Nano sensors that can test immediately for

hundreds and even thousands of viruses effecting

human beings simultaneously.

Smart Paper

Nanomaterials that can see through baggages

and vessels.

Nanotechnology that can regrow bones and

organs.

IMMERSIVE TECHNOLOGIES

A person who wishes to experience a learning

session via augmented reality would don a pair of

see-through glasses that also host two tiny video

cameras and a pair of earphones.

A tiny computer, perhaps worn on the wrist or

around the waist, would recognize the geometry

and content of the user’s immediate environment

and overlay that environment with meaningful

images and sounds for a specific purpose.

The augmented reality system is “projecting”

people, objects, environments or other elements

onto the environment around you.

IMMERSIVE TECHNOLOGIES NOW

Real-time vision recognition (three-dimensional geometry mapping and more)

Voice recognition

Real-time overlay display technology (built in to the wearable glasses, must cover light shading, depth of field considerations, and so on)

Sound and voice rendering, including spatial considerations

Human character rendering (covering body mechanics, adherence to physical laws, and so on)

AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology for understanding user speech and creating intelligent, meaningful dialog

Miniaturization advances for wearable CPUs and sensory devices

Improvements in portable power

Augmented Reality enables “Make Your Own App”

Why Can’t…

We have a thinking computer?

A machine that performs about a million floating-point operations per second understand the meaning of shapes?

We build a machine that learns from experience rather than simply repeat everything that has been programmed into it?

A computer be similar to a person? The above are some of the questions facing computer

designers and others who are constantly striving to build more and more ‘intelligent’ machines.

Expressing ourselves

Body language

Facial expressions

Tone of voice

Words we choose

All of them vary based on situation

What we implicitly convey - emotion

What is emotion?

In psychology and common use, emotion is the

language of a person's internal state of being,

normally based in or tied to their internal

(physical) and external (social) sensory

feeling. Love, hate, courage, fear, joy, and

sadness can all be described in both

psychological and physiological terms.

“There can be no knowledge without emotion. We may be aware of a truth, yet until we have felt its force, it is not ours. To the cognition of the brain must be added the experience of the soul.” Arnold Bennett (British novelist, playwright, critic, and essayist, 1867-1931)

Emotional Computers

Do machines need emotion?

Machines of today don’t need emotion

Machines of the future would need it to

– Survive

– Interact with other machines and humans

– Learn

– Adapt to circumstances

Emotions are a basis for humans to do all

the above

What is an emotional machine?

An intelligent machine that can recognize emotions and respond using emotions

Concept proposed by Marvin Minsky in his book ‘The Emotion Machine’

Example: the WE-4RII (Waseda Eye No. 4 Refined II), being developed at the Waseda University, Japan, 2007

The WE-4RII

Simulates six basic emotions – Happiness

– Fear

– Surprise

– Sadness

– Anger

– Disgust

Recognizes certain smells

Detects certain types of touch

Uses 3 personal computers for communication

Still not as close to an emotional machine as we would want

The WE-4RII

Happiness

Fear

The WE-4RII

Surprise

Sadness

The WE-4RII

Anger

Disgust

Marvin Minsky – The Emotion

Machine

SOME SOFTWARE HORROR STORIES

California courts throw huge software project on scrap heap

'Antiquated' software leaves city out of millions in uncollected parking fines.

Death resulted from inadequate testing of the London Ambulance Service software.

A computer-monitored house arrest inmate escaped and subsequently committed murder.

The clock in the video camera indicated a customer had withdrawn his money at the same time as a fraud occurred, so the bank forwarded his photo to the authorities. The clock had been off by about one hour.

The nine-hour breakdown of AT&T's long-distance telephone network in Jan. 1990, caused by an untested code patch, dramatized the vulnerability of complex computer systems everywhere.

During a payday rush in 1989, a faulty program shut down 1,800 automated-teller machines at Tokyo's Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank.

Computers were blamed when, in three separate incidents, 3 million, 5.4 million, and 1.5 million gallons of raw sewage were dumped into Willamette River.

Software error causes patients to be declared dead.

OSI + HCI : 10 LAYERS

HCI [QoE –

Quality of

Experience

]

10. Human Needs (communication, education, acquisition, security,

entertainment...)

9. Human Performance (perception, cognition, memory, motor control,

social...)

8. Display (keyboard, GUI/CLI, vocal, bpp, ppi, ppm...)

OSI [QoS –

Quality of

Service]

7. Application (http, ftp, nfs, pop...)

6. Presentation (ps, lz, iso-pp...)

5. Session (dns, rpc, pap...)

4. Transport (tcp, udp, rtp...)

3. Network (ip, dhcp, icmp, aep...)

2. Data Link (arp, ppp...)

1. Physical (10bt, xDSL, V.42...)

SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY INSURANCE

Quality of Service [QoS] +

Quality of Experience [QoE] +

Quality of Life [QoL]

QUALITY OF LIFE

Interdisciplinary in nature.

Spanning discussions of sensors an

interpretation; mechanisms and manipulation;

human interaction and modeling; rehabilitation

and health science; communication and

distributed systems; and personal and

socio-economic considerations, such as user

acceptance and privacy issues.

Draws on collaborative, interdisciplinary teams

involving social scientists, clinicians, engineers

and computer scientists.

Quality of Life Technologies [QoLT] researchers are very active at Carnegie

Mellon University, University of Dallas & University of Pittsburg.

INSIDE OUT SENSING

The goal of the project is to develop new

approaches to sensing, such as “inside-out” vision

in which the system experiences the environment

and the user’s behavior from the user’s point of

view, thus facilitating the analysis of her

behavior and intentions.

QUALITY OF LIFE TECHNOLOGIES incorporation of universal design principals;

active involvement of all relevant

stakeholders and a clear understanding of

the circumstances of the target user and task

requirements;

multidisciplinary research, design, and

development processes involving users,

engineers, designers, clinicians, social and

health professionals, marketing, and service

delivery; and

an interactive development process.

Yamazaki, University of Tokyo, Japan developed

a robot to help with household tasks. The PR2

robot is designed to assist humans with various

household tasks, such as fetching coffee, folding

clothes, and even making pancakes.

REALITY : DIGITAL OR ANALOG

Reality is presented to us both in a digital and analog manner, the first as evidenced by the findings about the nature of space and sub-atomic entities, and the latter by the uncertainties at the quantum level.

The most fundamental law of understanding is that we apprehend something in terms of what it is not.

We need contradiction to discern anything.

Our understanding is process based

All this has major implications for us in the form of inherent computations, phenomena as illusions, and complexity arising from simplicity.

DRIVERS FOR DIGITAL QUALITY OF LIFE

1. Look to Digital Progress as the Key Driver of Improved Quality of Life

2. Invest in Digital Progress

3. Ensure Affordable and Widespread Digital Infrastructure

4. Encourage Widespread Digital Literacy and Digital Technology Adoption

5. Do Not Let Concerns About Potential or Hypothetical Harms Derail or Slow Digital Progress

6. Do Not Just Digitize Existing Problems; Use IT to Find New Solutions to Old Problems

7. Create Reusable Digital Content and Applications

8. Collaborate and Partner with the Private and Non-Profit Sectors

9. Lead by Example

10. Nudge Digital

BODYNET – THE WEARABLE

MOTHERBOARD PARADIGM

STIC - Case Study

BODYNET has enormous potential for applications in fields such as telemedicine, monitoring of patients in post-operative recovery, the prevention of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome), and monitoring of astronauts, athletes, law enforcement personnel and

combat soldiers.

Research on the design and

development of a Georgia Tech

Wearable Motherboard Smart

Shirt) for Combat Casualty

Care has led to the realization

of the world's first Wearable

Motherboard or an "intelligent"

garment for the 21st Century.

This Georgia Tech Wearable

Motherboard (Smart Shirt)

provides an extremely versatile

framework for the incorporation

of sensing, monitoring and

information processing devices.

The principal advantage of

Smart Shirt is that it provides, for

the first time, a very systematic

way of monitoring the vital signs

of humans in an unobtrusive

manner.

Steady State Display

THE BODYNET SYSTEM

NORBERT WIENER [THE HUMAN USE OF HUMAN BEINGS – 1954]

“Automatons must not be taken

for granted, because with

advances in technology that allow

them to learn, the machines may

be able to escape human control if

humans do not continue proper

supervision of them. We might

become entirely dependent on

them, or even controlled by them.

There is danger in trusting

decisions to something which

cannot think abstractly, and may

therefore be unlikely to identify

with intellectual human values

which are not purely utilitarian.”

CASE STUDY: DIGITAL CAMERA

BLAMING TECHNOLOGY

“Blaming

Technology: The

Irrational Search for

Scapegoats”

- Samuel Florman

Blaming technology when society goes

wrong is lazy

If you have trouble getting to sleep at night, there's a

good chance that the smartphone in your hand or the

TV working in the background are partially to blame.

When we are faced with a social problem, from

cyber-bullying to privacy breaches, it’s much

easier to blame technology or the company that

provides us with it than to take responsibility

ourselves.

We can truthfully say that the internet has

changed us, but once we start talking about

“how and why” we need to factor ourselves in as

well.

KEVIN KELLY

[WHAT TECHNOLOGY WANTS – 2010]

“Every technology

produces degrees of

good, harm and risk,

and the evolution of

each is uncertain.”

Kelly introduces the concept of the 'technium'

to embody the vast techno-social system. Distinct

from individual innovations such as radar or

plastic polymer, the technium includes all the

machines, processes, society, culture and

philosophies associated with technologies.

Although the technium has neither an idea of

self nor conscious desires, it develops mechanical

tendencies, or 'wants', through its complex

behaviour. Its millions of amplifying

relationships and circuits of influence push the

technium in certain directions.

Technium is spinning beyond human control.