SolesmesSolesmes

A Thousand Years

Are but as One Day in Thy Sight

A Thousand Years Are but as One Day in Thy Sight

Or to hope against all hopeOr to hope against all hope

To the monksTo the monks and moniales and moniales

of the of the

CCongregatioongregation of n of

Solesmes, Solesmes, witnesses witnesses

of that of that divine force divine force

which is which is Hope,Hope,And to all seekers of hope And to all seekers of hope

who find in their monasteries who find in their monasteries

a place of Presence, of peace, of hope, a place of Presence, of peace, of hope,

a place for the heart.a place for the heart.

Solesmes !Solesmes ! A name that sings, clear like the ringing of clear like the ringing of bells, bells, sober and serene like Gregorian Chant. sober and serene like Gregorian Chant. Solesmes,Solesmes, a monastery ! For a thousand years, monastery ! For a thousand years, almost without interruption, monks dwell here almost without interruption, monks dwell here without fanfare ; without fanfare ; they pray while chanting, they read the Word that they pray while chanting, they read the Word that comes from God, they work in prayer. comes from God, they work in prayer.

What a marvellous history is that of the monks What a marvellous history is that of the monks ofof SolesmesSolesmes and of theand of the Congregation of Congregation of Solesmes !Solesmes !Is there anyone in France who has never heard Is there anyone in France who has never heard ofof SolesmesSolesmes? Anyone in Canada who does not know of Anyone in Canada who does not know of Saint-Benoît-du-Saint-Benoît-du-

Lac ? Lac ?

Who has never heard of the monks of Keur Moussa, in Who has never heard of the monks of Keur Moussa, in

Senegal, of their chant accompanied by the kora ?Senegal, of their chant accompanied by the kora ?

To name only a few abbeys among the more than thirtyTo name only a few abbeys among the more than thirty monasteries of the Congregation of Solesmes. monasteries of the Congregation of Solesmes.

Solesmes, Solesmes,

it isit is this marvellous history this marvellous history of which of which we are going to give an account.we are going to give an account.

Hi hi voyez ce que j’ai fait à droite !|

Part OnePart One

From its OriginsFrom its Origins

to the French to the French RevolutionRevolution

But that is matter for another presentation. Today But that is matter for another presentation. Today let us take as our point of departure the heritage of let us take as our point of departure the heritage of St. Benedict: his Rule and the life of the monks of his St. Benedict: his Rule and the life of the monks of his monastery of Monte Cassino, in Italy. monastery of Monte Cassino, in Italy.

One needs to go backOne needs to go backto the history and life of prayer to the history and life of prayer of monks, from of monks, from St Anthony St Anthony and the desert and the desert fathers, to fathers, to our father our father St. Benedict St. Benedict of Nursia. of Nursia.

(480-547)(480-547)

Between the VIBetween the VIthth and and IXIXthth

Centuries:Centuries: from Italy to Francefrom Italy to France

The Rule of St. Benedict penetrates into The Rule of St. Benedict penetrates into France; graduallyFrance; gradually, it is adopted by , it is adopted by monasteries.monasteries.

Monks of the Abbey of Fleury-sur-Monks of the Abbey of Fleury-sur-Loire send for the relics of St. Loire send for the relics of St. Benedict at Monte Cassino: Benedict at Monte Cassino: France becomes its new home.France becomes its new home.

Some monks leave Monte Cassino Some monks leave Monte Cassino to found the Abbey of Saint-Pierre de la Couture to found the Abbey of Saint-Pierre de la Couture 

in Mans, France.in Mans, France.

The AbbeyThe Abbey of Saint-Pierre de la of Saint-Pierre de la CoutureCouture

A sketch of the A sketch of the portico of the portico of the Church of la Church of la Couture, dating Couture, dating from from 16951695 (with (with the parish church the parish church on the left).on the left).

The Benedictine Abbey ofThe Benedictine Abbey ofSaint-Pierre de la CoutureSaint-Pierre de la Couturewas founded between 587was founded between 587 and 605 by Saint Bertrand,and 605 by Saint Bertrand, Bishop of Mans. Bishop of Mans.

Vue du chœur Vue du chœur dedel’église de la l’église de la CoutureCouture

Couture ? Couture ? Cultura !Cultura !

The name COUTURE calls for an explanation : this word The name COUTURE calls for an explanation : this word comes from the Latin word comes from the Latin word CULTURACULTURA, in reference to the , in reference to the cultivated fieldscultivated fields which surrounded the monastery (as, which surrounded the monastery (as, for example, at Saint-Germain for example, at Saint-Germain des Présdes Prés). ).

But eventually, the word But eventually, the word CULTURA CULTURA took on a spiritual took on a spiritual meaning and became meaning and became CULTURA DEICULTURA DEI : the cult or worship : the cult or worship rendered to God.rendered to God.

The monks of the Abbey of La Couture, The monks of the Abbey of La Couture, like all Benedictine monks, like all Benedictine monks, chant the praises of God: chant the praises of God: "Gloria in excelsis Deo!""Gloria in excelsis Deo!"

… …already in Gregorian chant.already in Gregorian chant.

About 200 years About 200 years later… later… XXthth - XI - XIth th CenturiesCenturies

The Abbey of Saint-Pierre de la Couture lays stagnant as a result of the ravaging Normans, those formidable pillagers…

There will be a renewal. The Abbot of Saint-Julien de Tours, GAUZBERT, sends monks to re-establish the monastery of "La Couture".

During the Middle Ages, God, During the Middle Ages, God, eternal life, was foremost in the eternal life, was foremost in the minds of men.minds of men.

Now let us step into the year Now let us step into the year 10101010 :: we are in we are in the fullness of the Middle Ages. In tales of old, knights the fullness of the Middle Ages. In tales of old, knights traversed forests in search of the mysterious Grail. traversed forests in search of the mysterious Grail. In real life, they will soon embark on pilgrimage In real life, they will soon embark on pilgrimage towards the Tomb of Jesus Christ in Jerusalem.towards the Tomb of Jesus Christ in Jerusalem.

Now it happened that on October 12, 1010, Geoffrey, Lord of Now it happened that on October 12, 1010, Geoffrey, Lord of Sablé, gave the little church of Sablé, gave the little church of Solesmes, with its Solesmes, with its territory situated on the bank of the valley of the territory situated on the bank of the valley of the Sarthe, to the monks of the Abbey ofSarthe, to the monks of the Abbey of Saint-Pierre de la Saint-Pierre de la Couture in Mans. The monks who founded the Priory of Couture in Mans. The monks who founded the Priory of Saint-Pierre of Solesmes Saint-Pierre of Solesmes came from “La Couture", of which came from “La Couture", of which Solesmes became a dependency.Solesmes became a dependency.

The Chart of Foundation of the The Chart of Foundation of the MonasteryMonastery

Whereas we are still in this life, and still possessing a Whereas we are still in this life, and still possessing a body, we have the means of offering good works, it is body, we have the means of offering good works, it is necessary that we deprive ourselves of a part of our goods necessary that we deprive ourselves of a part of our goods for God, so that we may receive it anew with joy from his for God, so that we may receive it anew with joy from his hands in the future life. hands in the future life.

This is why, in God’s name, I, Geoffrey of Sablé, for the This is why, in God’s name, I, Geoffrey of Sablé, for the redemption of my soul and those of all my relatives, give redemption of my soul and those of all my relatives, give to God, to the monastery of Saint-Pierre de la Couture to God, to the monastery of Saint-Pierre de la Couture and to the monks who serve God there, the church of and to the monks who serve God there, the church of Solesmes, near the Sablé Castle, situated on the bank of Solesmes, near the Sablé Castle, situated on the bank of the valley of the Sarthe, with all its dependencies, the valley of the Sarthe, with all its dependencies, cultivated fields and wastelands, prairies, vineyards and cultivated fields and wastelands, prairies, vineyards and mills. mills.

On this day of the dedication of this church of Saint-Pierre On this day of the dedication of this church of Saint-Pierre of Solesmes, I Geoffrey of Sablé, present this chart…of Solesmes, I Geoffrey of Sablé, present this chart…

Geoffrey

The Chart of Foundation of the The Chart of Foundation of the MonasteryMonastery

This ideal the This ideal the little community little community was beginning to was beginning to live…live…

……in the new in the new priory founded at priory founded at Solesmes*, on the Solesmes*, on the left bank of the left bank of the Sarthe. Sarthe.

There already was a mark of predilection of There already was a mark of predilection of our Lordour Lord

in the beauty of which it pleased him to adorn in the beauty of which it pleased him to adorn this part of the earth. this part of the earth.

All is pleasant, fertile, harmonious in the valley All is pleasant, fertile, harmonious in the valley of Solesmes,of Solesmes,

and nothing could compare with it in all the and nothing could compare with it in all the landland

which the Sarthe washed with its tranquil which the Sarthe washed with its tranquil waters.waters.

(* Solesmes, a Gallo-Roman name of Latin origin; there was a (* Solesmes, a Gallo-Roman name of Latin origin; there was a parish there since the VIparish there since the VIth th or VIIor VIIthth centuries whose inhabitants centuries whose inhabitants

were Christian.)were Christian.)

Five or six times during the Five or six times during the course of this millennium, course of this millennium, the monastery should have the monastery should have perished; the community perished; the community should have died out.should have died out.

What a lesson in life ! In What a lesson in life ! In Christ Jesus, one does not Christ Jesus, one does not really die; one is raised to really die; one is raised to life ! life !

For what do monks For what do monks live ?live ?What do they do? What do they do?

Since that 12th day of October, 1010,a thousand years have rolled by, a thousand years are but as one day before God.

What do they live for?

A profusion of joy on earth ! A profusion of joy on earth ! In the eyes of Father Abbot Gauzbert (spiritual In the eyes of Father Abbot Gauzbert (spiritual "grandfather" of the monasteries of Mans and "grandfather" of the monasteries of Mans and Solesmes), the community of monks is nothing Solesmes), the community of monks is nothing more nor less than the reproduction of the first more nor less than the reproduction of the first Christian community of Jerusalem, a living cell of Christian community of Jerusalem, a living cell of that primitive Church, which has remained that primitive Church, which has remained vibrant through the course of the centuries. vibrant through the course of the centuries.

The fervour of monastic life ought thus to flow The fervour of monastic life ought thus to flow into a into a profusion of joyprofusion of joy over the earth, dissipating over the earth, dissipating the cloud of sorrow which often comes to cast a the cloud of sorrow which often comes to cast a shadow over the life of the Church and the shadow over the life of the Church and the faithful. faithful.

The sublime vocation of monks implies that they The sublime vocation of monks implies that they be truly MONKS, that they follow as closely as be truly MONKS, that they follow as closely as possible the Rule of St. Benedict and fight for the possible the Rule of St. Benedict and fight for the King of kings, Christ. King of kings, Christ.

Monastic ideal of Monastic ideal of Father Abbot GauzbertFather Abbot Gauzbert

Saint Peter Saint Peter of Solesmesof Solesmes

Why Saint Peter?Why Saint Peter?

In choosing the In choosing the prince of the Apostles prince of the Apostles as their patron, the as their patron, the monks placed monks placed themselves at the themselves at the heart of Christianity. heart of Christianity. "You are the Christ, "You are the Christ, the Son of the living the Son of the living God,"God," Peter had said Peter had said to Jesus. to Jesus.

"And you are Peter, "And you are Peter, and on this rock I and on this rock I shall build my Church. shall build my Church. I will give you the I will give you the keys of the kingdom keys of the kingdom of heaven…"  (of heaven…"  (MattMatt 16. 16-17).16. 16-17).

To ask for the To ask for the protection of Saint protection of Saint Peter is to also ask Peter is to also ask for the protection of for the protection of the Pope. the Pope.

From the XFrom the Xthth to the XIII to the XIIIthth centuries,centuries,

the Abbeythe Abbey of of “La Couture" “La Couture" experienced experienced rapid growth. At its apogee in the XIIIrapid growth. At its apogee in the XIIIthth century, it sponsored 80 parish churches century, it sponsored 80 parish churches and 50 dependent priories, one of which and 50 dependent priories, one of which waswas Saint-Pierre de Solesmes.Saint-Pierre de Solesmes.

What do they What do they do?do?

These monks live as sons of Saint Benedict. They These monks live as sons of Saint Benedict. They pray, read the Word of God, work, till the earth. And pray, read the Word of God, work, till the earth. And

they chant the praises of God with Gregorian melodies. they chant the praises of God with Gregorian melodies.

" " Deus in loco sancto suoDeus in loco sancto suo……"   "O God, who gives those "   "O God, who gives those of one heart and one soul to dwell in your holy of one heart and one soul to dwell in your holy sanctuary…" sanctuary…" ((PsPs 67/68, 6-7). 67/68, 6-7).

Ora, lege, Ora, lege, laboralabora

Pray, read, Pray, read, workwork

XIIXIIthth century century

The Relic of the Holy The Relic of the Holy ThornThorn

To these monks hidden in adoration and work, the To these monks hidden in adoration and work, the Lord came to bring a present worthy of himself : a Lord came to bring a present worthy of himself : a relic brought from the Holy Land by one of the lords relic brought from the Holy Land by one of the lords of Sablé returning from the Crusades. Nothing less of Sablé returning from the Crusades. Nothing less than a THORN from the than a THORN from the CROWN OF THORNS OF CROWN OF THORNS OF JESUS !JESUS !The monks were filled with joy and love. Jesus crowned The monks were filled with joy and love. Jesus crowned with thorns, Jesus raised in glory, manifests to them his with thorns, Jesus raised in glory, manifests to them his love and presence ! love and presence !

XIIIXIIIthth-XIV-XIVthth Centuries Centuries

At the time of Saint Louis, the monastery continues to At the time of Saint Louis, the monastery continues to develop. develop.

The monks are always chanting…The monks are always chanting…

""Salve Regina, Mater misericordiae, vita, dulcedo, et spes Salve Regina, Mater misericordiae, vita, dulcedo, et spes nostra, Salve !nostra, Salve !""

"Hail holy Queen, Mother of Mercy, our life, our sweetness, "Hail holy Queen, Mother of Mercy, our life, our sweetness, and our hope !"and our hope !"

1425: 1425: Destruction Destruction of the of the

Monastery of Monastery of SolesmesSolesmes

From the XIVFrom the XIVthth to the XV to the XVthth century, the Hundred Years’ century, the Hundred Years’ War brought devastation. This War brought devastation. This was the century of Saint Joan of was the century of Saint Joan of Arc, who was burnt at the stake Arc, who was burnt at the stake at Rouen. at Rouen.

This was a trying time for the This was a trying time for the monks of Solesmes (and monks of Solesmes (and elsewhere); their monastery elsewhere); their monastery was destroyed by the English in was destroyed by the English in 1425. 1425.

They always sing : "They always sing : "In te speravi, In te speravi, Domine, in manibus tuis tempora Domine, in manibus tuis tempora meamea.".""I have placed my hope in you, O "I have placed my hope in you, O Lord, into your hands I commend Lord, into your hands I commend my spirit" my spirit" (Ps 31/30).(Ps 31/30).

Of the twelve monks who were there, Of the twelve monks who were there, only five remain.only five remain.

But new vocations come. But new vocations come.

The monks rebuild the monastery The monks rebuild the monastery church.church.

They singThey sing : " : "Alleluia! Alleluia! Pascha nostrum immolatus est Pascha nostrum immolatus est Christus!Christus!""

""Alleluia! Christ our pasch, has been sacrificed, alleluia!"Alleluia! Christ our pasch, has been sacrificed, alleluia!"

After the Hundred Years’ War and the Black Death, which After the Hundred Years’ War and the Black Death, which were the cause of great mourning in families, a marked were the cause of great mourning in families, a marked devotion developed towards the Passion and Burial of devotion developed towards the Passion and Burial of

Christ, the Compassion of Our Lady, as well as her Christ, the Compassion of Our Lady, as well as her "Dormition" and Assumption into heaven. "Dormition" and Assumption into heaven.

These "Tombs" are places of resurrection.These "Tombs" are places of resurrection.

In rebuilding their church, the monks had sculpted there In rebuilding their church, the monks had sculpted there two ensembles of statues that were so beautiful that two ensembles of statues that were so beautiful that

they soon became the most celebrated part of the they soon became the most celebrated part of the monastery.monastery.

(They are called: the "Saints" of Solesmes) (They are called: the "Saints" of Solesmes)

The Burial of Our LordThe Burial of Our Lord

In 1496,In 1496,

Dom William Dom William Cheminard, prior, Cheminard, prior, oversees the oversees the completion of the completion of the Tomb of Christ,Tomb of Christ,

a masterpiece remarkable for its depiction of the a masterpiece remarkable for its depiction of the

tenderness of the Virgin Mary, Saint John and tenderness of the Virgin Mary, Saint John and

Saint Mary Magdalene.Saint Mary Magdalene.

The Burial of Our Lord

Mary MagdaleneMary Magdalene

Her serene Her serene countenance and countenance and

fervent prayer fervent prayer express faith in express faith in

the coming the coming resurrection of resurrection of

Jesus.Jesus.

The Tomb of Our Lord was conceived as a The Tomb of Our Lord was conceived as a reliquary for the Sacred Thorn. reliquary for the Sacred Thorn.

The Tomb of Our LadyThe Tomb of Our Lady

"La belle chapelle""La belle chapelle"

After the tomb of our Lord, that of His Mother.After the tomb of our Lord, that of His Mother.

Situated in the transept on the left, facing the Tomb of Situated in the transept on the left, facing the Tomb of Christ, a new group of statues is completed in 1533, Christ, a new group of statues is completed in 1533, under the priorship of a great monk,under the priorship of a great monk, Dom Jean Bougler. Dom Jean Bougler.

The calm and serenity The calm and serenity expressed on the face expressed on the face of the Virgin chases of the Virgin chases

away any idea of away any idea of suffering and insists on suffering and insists on

the supernatural the supernatural character of her death.character of her death.

Her Her expression expression

is the sameis the same

as that ofas that of

Jesus Jesus : :

oneone recognizes recognizes

the smile.the smile.

The two faces manifest the same absolute The two faces manifest the same absolute confidence.confidence.

Facade of the Abbey Facade of the Abbey of of

Saint-Pierre de la Saint-Pierre de la CoutureCouture

The era of the Renaissance is also one of intellectual The era of the Renaissance is also one of intellectual renewal in sanctity. From the middle of the XVrenewal in sanctity. From the middle of the XVthth to mid- to mid-

XVIXVIth th century,century,two names (among others) stand out: two names (among others) stand out:

Dom Michel Bureau, Dom Michel Bureau, abbot of Saint-Pierre de la abbot of Saint-Pierre de la

Couture in Mans, Couture in Mans, and Dom Jean Bougler, prior of Solesmes already and Dom Jean Bougler, prior of Solesmes already mentioned. mentioned. Both are doctors in theology, both seek the fullness of Both are doctors in theology, both seek the fullness of

the contemplative life, so well illustrated by Mary the contemplative life, so well illustrated by Mary Magdalene at the tomb of our Lord.Magdalene at the tomb of our Lord.

Monastic Life inMonastic Life in the XVI the XVIthth CenturyCentury

As stipulated in the Rule As stipulated in the Rule of Saint Benedict, the of Saint Benedict, the Divine Office is the main Divine Office is the main occupation of the monk, occupation of the monk, seven times during the seven times during the day and once at night. At day and once at night. At the minimum it takes up the minimum it takes up six hours. It ought to be six hours. It ought to be celebrated with care and celebrated with care and dignity. The rest of the dignity. The rest of the day is consecrated to day is consecrated to reading and personal reading and personal prayer, work assigned to prayer, work assigned to each one, with particular each one, with particular attention to study. attention to study.

The ideal is that of the The ideal is that of the contemplative life. contemplative life.

Dom Thierry Barbeau Dom Thierry Barbeau

""Sub titulo Petri",Sub titulo Petri", p. 38-39 p. 38-39

1518:1518: The State seizes the revenues of The State seizes the revenues of the monastery -- the abbey is held in the monastery -- the abbey is held in

commendam: the abbots were no longer elected commendam: the abbots were no longer elected by the monks, but appointed by the King of by the monks, but appointed by the King of France. These were great aristocrats who no France. These were great aristocrats who no

longer lived in the abbey: this was the case at longer lived in the abbey: this was the case at "La Couture". "La Couture".

One hundred difficult years will follow. Will One hundred difficult years will follow. Will monastic life be able to exist freely anymore? monastic life be able to exist freely anymore? 1556-1664:1556-1664: The Wars of Religion rage. The Wars of Religion rage.

Is this the end once again?Is this the end once again?

1567: 1567: The monastery of Solesmes is The monastery of Solesmes is attacked by the Protestants. It is partially attacked by the Protestants. It is partially

destroyed.destroyed.

RevivalRevivalThe Congregation of Saint The Congregation of Saint Maurus takes a new turn. Maurus takes a new turn. At the beginning of the At the beginning of the XVIIXVIIth th century, Benedictine century, Benedictine life is renewed by this life is renewed by this new congregation which is new congregation which is placed under the placed under the patronage of Saint patronage of Saint Maurus, faithful disciple Maurus, faithful disciple of Saint Benedict, who, it of Saint Benedict, who, it is believed, brought the is believed, brought the Rule of his master to Gaul. Rule of his master to Gaul. Full of fervour, the new Full of fervour, the new congregation undergoes congregation undergoes expansion; the priory of expansion; the priory of Solesmes is reborn in its Solesmes is reborn in its midst. midst.

Saint Saint Benedict Saint Benedict Saint MaurusMaurus

XVIIXVIIthth CenturyCentury

According to Dom Claude Martin, According to Dom Claude Martin, Benedictine, son of Blessed Marie of the Benedictine, son of Blessed Marie of the Incarnation, French founder of the Incarnation, French founder of the Ursulines of Quebec: "The proper and Ursulines of Quebec: "The proper and particular end of the Rule and Order of particular end of the Rule and Order of Saint Benedict is nothing other than Saint Benedict is nothing other than contemplation, since all the means are contemplation, since all the means are there for the practice of contemplative there for the practice of contemplative life, as for example, separation from the life, as for example, separation from the world, solitude, silence, psalmody, prayer, world, solitude, silence, psalmody, prayer, meditation, reading, manual work and the meditation, reading, manual work and the like."like." (Dom T. Barbeau, p.52)(Dom T. Barbeau, p.52)

                              

The Proper End of the The Proper End of the Benedictines Benedictines of the Congregation of of the Congregation of Saint MaurusSaint Maurus

XVIIXVIIthth--XVIIIXVIIIth th

CenturiesCenturies

The arrival of the Maurists breathed new life The arrival of the Maurists breathed new life into the priory, and gave it back the spiritual into the priory, and gave it back the spiritual grandeur that it had lost. During this grandeur that it had lost. During this period, the monastery buildings were period, the monastery buildings were entirely renovated, and we can still admire entirely renovated, and we can still admire them in our days. them in our days.

1789-1789-17991799

The Great Revolution of The Great Revolution of 17891789 proved to be a violent offensive against the Church.proved to be a violent offensive against the Church.

Priests, religious were imprisoned, Priests, religious were imprisoned, killed, or deported in great numbers.killed, or deported in great numbers.

of the XVIIIof the XVIIIthth CenturyCentury

What will become of the priory under the torments of What will become of the priory under the torments of the Revolution? The few monks who are there are the Revolution? The few monks who are there are dispersed; three are imprisoned.dispersed; three are imprisoned.

EnEndd

Would all that would remain of the Congregation of Saint Maurus Would all that would remain of the Congregation of Saint Maurus be the portrait of Dom Chevreux, the seal of the Congregation, be the portrait of Dom Chevreux, the seal of the Congregation, and an antiphonary, objects which were preciously guarded by the and an antiphonary, objects which were preciously guarded by the lady who had given shelter to Dom Chevreux? lady who had given shelter to Dom Chevreux?

MMAARTYRSRTYRSThere were Benedictine martyrs, among There were Benedictine martyrs, among them, the superior general of the them, the superior general of the Congregation of Saint Maurus Dom Congregation of Saint Maurus Dom Ambrose Augustine Chevreux. When he Ambrose Augustine Chevreux. When he was considered suspect by the was considered suspect by the revolutionaries, Dom Chevreux hid revolutionaries, Dom Chevreux hid himself for a time in the home of a pious himself for a time in the home of a pious woman.woman.

Discovered, he was sent to the prison Discovered, he was sent to the prison called "Carmelites" in Paris. (The called "Carmelites" in Paris. (The revolutionaries had made a prison out revolutionaries had made a prison out of the convent of the Carmelites.) On of the convent of the Carmelites.) On September 2, 1792 in the afternoon, September 2, 1792 in the afternoon, the 191 priests who were locked up in the 191 priests who were locked up in this prison were massacred, among this prison were massacred, among them Father Chevreux and two other them Father Chevreux and two other Benedictine monks. Benedictine monks.

To be continued…

Presented by: The Benedictine Moniales of the Abbaye Sainte-Marie des Deux-Montagnes CanadaChant: The Monks of

Solesmes

1,000 Years of History at the Abbey of Solesmes