solid waste presentation

8/7/2019 solid waste presentation

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WHAT IS SOLID WASTE

Solid or semi-solid, non-soluble ,soluble material(including gases

and liquids in containers) such as agricultural refuse, demolition

waste, industrial waste, mining residues, municipal garbage, and

sewage sludge.


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TYPES OF SOLID WASTE

Solid waste can be broadly classified into different typesdepending on their source:

y Household waste is generally classified as municipal waste

Eg. Food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles, leather,yard wastes, wood, glass

y Industrial waste as hazardous waste

Eg. construction and demolition materials, hazardouswastes, ashes

y Biomedical waste or hospital waste as infectious waste.

Eg. disposable syringes, swabs, bandages, body fluids,human excreta


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GUESS THE TYPE OF WASTE


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WHAT IS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

y Waste management is the collection, transport, processing,recycling or disposal, and monitoring of waste materials

y Four Rs ( Refuse, Reuse, Recycle, Reduce ) to be followedfor waste management

y REFUSE

y REUSE

y RECYCLE

y REDUCE


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New Methods of disposal

y Landfill


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Incineration(incineration plant

in Vienna)

Recycling(Steel crushed and baled forrecycling)


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Biological reprocessing

(An active compost heap)

Energy recovery(mechanical biological treatment

plant in Germany)


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National Solid Waste Association of India

y Formed on 25th January 1996.

y

Non-profit organization in the field of Solid WasteManagement.

y Includes Toxic and Hazardous Waste and also

Biomedical Waste in India.


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PRESENT STATUS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

-STORAGE OF WASTE AT SOURCE IS LACKING

- DOMESTIC WASTE THROWN ON STREETS

- TRADE WASTE ON ROADS / STREETS- BIO-MEDICAL WASTE DISPOSED IN MUNICIPAL

WASTE STREAM

- INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSED OF IN OPEN

AREAS

-SEPARATION OF RECYCLABLE WASTE AT SOURCE NOT DONE.

- PRIMARY COLLECTION OF WASTE NOT DONE AT PLACE OF

GENERATION.


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- STREET SWEEPING NOT DONE EVERYDAY

-WASTE TRANSPORTATION DONE IN OPEN VEHICLES

- FINAL DISPOSAL DONE THROUGH CRUDE DUMPING


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MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE

y Common as trash or garbage

y Residential,commercial,industrial sources

y Biodegradable and recyclable

y Inert,composite and domestic

y Disposal methods


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MSW IN INDIA

y Per capita waste generation

y 5% increase in waste generation annually

y Collection of waste is poor

y Allocation of funds improper

y India is a global trash can


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SOLUTIONS

y Waste minimisation

y Material recycling

y Waste processing

y Waste transformation

y Sanitary landfilling


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Current Scenarioy Per capita waste generation increasing by 1.3% per

annum

y With urban population increasing between 3 3.5%

per annum

y Yearly increase in waste generation is around 5%

annually

y 7.2 million tones of hazardous waste

y

India produces 42.0 million tons of municipal solidwaste annually at present.


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Growth of Solid Waste In India

y In 1981-91, population of Mumbai increased from 8.2

million to 12.3 million

y During the same period, municipal solid waste has

grown from 3200 tonnes to 5355 tonne, an increase of67%

y City like Bangalore produces 2000 tonnes of waste per

annum, the ever increasing waste has put pressure on

hygienic condition of the city


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Major Polluting Industries in

India

y Around 2500 tanneries discharge 24 million cu m of

waste water containing high level of dissolved solids

and 4,00,000 tonnes of hazardous solid waste

y

300 distilleries discharge 26 million kilo-litres ofspend wash per year containing several pollutants

y Thermal power plants discharge huge waste materials


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Waste Collection in India

y Primarily by the city municipality

y Local raddiwala / kabadiwala (Rag pickers)

y MCD- Sophisticated DWM (Delhi Waste

Management) vehicle


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INITIATIVES BY GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

Bio-medical Waste Handling Rules, 1998 -

Notified

Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules, 2000

Notified.

Reforms Agenda (Fiscal, Institutional, Legal)

Technical Manual on Municipal Solid Waste

Management

Technology Advisory Group on Municipal SolidWaste Management

Inter-Ministerial Task Force on Integrated Plant

Nutrient Management from city compost.


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OBJECTIVES

y Environmental Protection that Benefits the Poor

y Empowerment of Women and other Disadvantaged

Groups

y

Raised Awareness and Changing Perceptionsy Measurable in Numbers


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TERI Projections on Waste

Generation In India


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QUANTITY OF WASTE GENERATION

TOTAL QUANTITY OF SOLID WASTE 1.15 LAKH TONNE

GENERATED IN URBAN AREAS PER DAY (TPD)

OF THE COUNTRY

y %OF TOTAL

GARBAGEWASTE GENERATED IN 6 MEGA CITIES 21,100 TPD 18.35%

WASTE GENERATED IN METRO CITIES 19,643 TPD 17.08%

(1 MILLION PLUS TOWNS)

WASTE GENERATED IN OTHER 42,635.28 TPD 37.07%

CLASS-I TOWNS

(0.1 MILLION PLUS TOWNS) ____________ _________

83,378.28 TPD 72.50%

IF WASTE PRODUCED IN ALL CLASS-I CITIES IS TACKLED, PERCENTAGE OFWASTE SCIENTIFICALLY MANAGED WOULD BE 72.5%OF TOTAL WASTE.


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How solid waste affected us in

recent years?

y Cloudburst in Mumbai (2005) clogged the sewage line

due to large no. of plastic bags

y Reduction in the number of migratory birds due to

consumption of contaminated foods

y Blast in the Bhusan Steel factory at Noida, caused due

to imported scrap from Iran

y Stray animals dying on streets and farmland due to

consumption of plastic bags, which blocks the foodmovement in their stomach


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Problems in Dealing With Solid

Waste

y Education & voluntary compliance

y Collection of waste

y Technological interventions

y Institutions & regulatory frameworky Absence of mandatory standards for waste reduction

y Market action for waste reduction


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REASONS FOR IMPROPER

MANAGEMENT OF WASTE

y Lack of planning for waste management while

planning townships

y Lack of proper institutional set up for waste

management, planning and designing in urban

local bodies

y Lack of technically trained manpower

y Lack of community involvement

yLack of awareness creation mechanism


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y Lack of expertise and exposure to city waste

management using modern techniques best

practices

y Lack of funds with ULBs


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HEALTH IMPACTS OF SOLID WASTESy Lead to the spread of infectious diseases

y Attracts rats flies and other rodents that helps in spreading diseases

y Plastic waste a reason for ill health.

y The group at risk from the unscientific disposal of solid waste include

the population in areas where there is no proper waste disposal

method, especially the preschool children, waste workers; and

workers in facilities producing toxic and infectious material

y Contamination of water resources.

y Industrial hazardous waste with municipal waste can expose people to

chemical and radioactive hazards.

y Waste treatment and disposal sites can also create health hazards for


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Infections

Skin and blood infections resulting from direct contact

with waste, and from infected wounds, Eye andrespiratory infections resulting from exposure toinfected dust, especially during landfill operations,diseases that results from the bites of animals feedingon the waste and intestinal infections that aretransmitted by flies feeding on the waste.

Chronic diseases

Incineration operators are at risk of chronic respiratorydiseases, including cancers resulting from exposure todust and hazardous compounds.

Accidents

Bone and muscle disorders resulting from the handlingof heavy containers, infecting wounds resulting fromcontact with sharp objects, poisoning and chemicalburns and other injuries resulting from occupationalaccident sites or from methane gas explosion at landfillsites.


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INCENERATIONy Incineration is a waste treatment technology that involves the

combustion of organic materials and/or substances.

y Thermal treatment

y Incinerator bottom ash, flue gases, particulates and heat

y WastetoEnergy (WtE)

y Incineration may also be implemented without energy and materials

recovery

y In several countries there are still expert and local community

concerns about the environmental impact of incinerators


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MANUAL DISMANTLING


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CRUSHING


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DRYING OF PELLETS


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MACHINE DRYING OF PELLETS


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FLOW DIAGRAM


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solid waste presentation

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