solutions, suspensions colloids. solutions appears to be a single substance but really two or more...
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Examples of Solutions Alloys – solid solutions of metals or non-metals dissolved in metals Iced tea, salt water, soda, gasolineTRANSCRIPT
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Solutions, Suspensions Colloids
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Solutions Appears to be a single substance
but really two or more substances dissolved in a solvent and evenly distributed
Very small particles that never settle out
Homogeneous
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Examples of Solutions Alloys – solid solutions of metals or
non-metals dissolved in metals Iced tea, salt water, soda, gasoline
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Solute versus Solvent A solute is the substance in a solution that
gets dissolved A solvent is the substance in a solution
that does the dissolving If something is soluble, the solute can be
dissolved in a particular solvent If something is insoluble, the solute will
not be dissolved in a particular solvent Solutes can be soluble in some solvents
but insoluble in others
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Concentration The comparison of solute to solvent When there is not a lot of solute
compared to solvent, the solution is dilute
When there is a lot of solute compared to solvent, the solution is concentrated
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Saturated Solutions Saturated solution – contains all of
the solute it can hold at a given temperature. If you add even one more molecule of
the solute, it will fall out of solution and rest on the bottom
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Unsaturated Solutions Contains less solute than it can
hold at a given temperature Can add more solute and it wont fall
out of the solution
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Supersaturated Solution Solution that holds more than it
usually would at a given temperature
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Solubility The amount of solute needed to make a
saturated solution in a given solvent at a given temperature
For solid solute in liquid solvent – solubility rises as temperature rises.
For gas solute in a liquid solvent – solubility lowers as temperature risesex – soda goes flat at warm temperatures
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Methods to speed up dissolving Crushing a solute increases the surface area of
the solute allowing more solvent to surround it thus dissolving it faster Ex. Putting butter in macaroni and cheese
Heating a solution increases the energy of the molecules making them move more quickly thus spreading the solute throughout the solvent and speeding up the rate at which the solute dissolves Ex- cooking iced tea
Mixing has the same effect as heating does Ex- making chocolate milk
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Suspensions A suspension is a mixture in which
particles of material are dispersed throughout a liquid or gas and are large enough to settle out
The particles are insoluble Heterogeneous mixtures Ex snow globe
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Colloids Have properties of both solutions and suspensions Particles in a colloid are much smaller than
particles in a suspension Colloids have the same definition as suspensions
in that a colloid is a mixture in which particles of material are dispersed throughout a liquid or gas, but the particles of a colloid are not large enough to settle out
Particles in a colloid scatter light Ex milk, fog, jello